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Lu X, Dai Y, Yang S, Fu T, He Y, Zeng F, Chen T, Cao Y, Li R, Li J, Zhou W. Purification and characterization of a glycoprotein from Sipunculus nudus and its immune-enhancing activity to RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113591. [PMID: 37986528 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Sipunculus nudus, an edible marine invertebrate, has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine in folk remedies. In order to assess the immunoregulatory activity of glycoproteins in Sipunculus nudus and conduct a structure-activity relationship, a glycoprotein (SGP1) with molecular mass of 9.26 kDa was purified from Sipunculus nudus, and its chemical structure as well as immune-enhancing activity was investigated in this study. Structure analysis revealed that SGP1, a protein-dominate glycoprotein with O-glycosidic bonds, contained 92.8 % protein and 3.1 % saccharide. GC-MS result indicated that the saccharide moieties of SGP1 basically consisted of lyxose (Lyx), xylose (Xyl) as well as glucose (Glu) at a molar proportion of 0.87:4.16:1.36. The fourier transform infrared specoscopy (FT-IR) result proved that SGP1 have a typical characteristic of glycoprotein. Besides, circular dichroism (CD) result showed that SGP1 contained 4.1 % α-helix, 42.5 % β-sheet, 21.4 % β-turn, and 32.0 % random coil, indicating it's mainly a β-sheet glycoprotein. The amino acid sequence of SGP1 shared a similarity to the Myohemerythrin (sp|Q5K473|HEMTM) with protein sequence coverage of 28.3 %. Moreover, the activity evaluation results showed that SGP1 exhibited significant immune-enhancing activity to the RAW 264.7 macrophages by promoting macrophages proliferation, enhancing phagocytic capacity, and simultaneously stimulating the secretions of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) via NF-κB pathways. In this study, SGP1 as a novel glycoprotein had an obvious immune-enhancing activity to macrophages, and thus could be applied in the functional foods as a potential immunopotentiator for the hypoimmune population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaping Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Tengfei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunxia He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Fanke Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Tinghui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yupo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ruyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Jihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China.
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Zhang M, Yan M, Yang J, Li F, Wang Y, Feng K, Wang S, Lin N, Wang Y, Yang B. Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Trametes sanguinea Lloyd with immune-enhancing activity via activation of TLR4. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:1026-38. [PMID: 35306017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A bioactive polysaccharide (TS2-2A) with a molecular weight of 15 kDa was isolated from Trametes sanguinea Lloyd, a medicinal food homologous fungus, by water extraction-alcohol precipitation and chromatographic separation. NMR analysis of polysaccharide and MS/MS analysis of its oligosaccharide indicated that TS2-2A featured a novel straight chain with a backbone of 1,3-α-d-glucopyranose and 1,4-β-d-glucopyranose at a molar ratio of 1:4. Moreover, TS2-2A, recognized by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages to release related cytokines and contributed to immune-enhancing effects. Briefly, with remarkable immune-enhancing activity and noncytotoxicity, TS2-2A was proposed to be a potential immune enhancer for supplementing drugs or functional foods.
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Lee JH, Kim HJ, Ahn DU, Paik HD. Improved immune-enhancing activity of egg white protein ovotransferrin after enzyme hydrolysis. J Anim Sci Technol 2021; 63:1159-1168. [PMID: 34796354 PMCID: PMC8564309 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovotransferrin (OTF), an egg protein known as transferrin family protein, possess strong antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. This is because OTF has two iron binding sites, so it has a strong metal chelating ability. The present study aimed to evaluate the improved immune-enhancing activities of OTF hydrolysates produced using bromelain, pancreatin, and papain. The effects of OTF hydrolysates on the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages were confirmed. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated using Griess reagent and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). And the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α and interleukin [IL]-6) and the phagocytic activity of macrophages were evaluated using an ELISA assay and neutral red uptake assay, respectively. All OTF hydrolysates enhanced NO production by increasing iNOS mRNA expression. Treating RAW 264.7 macrophages with OTF hydrolysates increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the phagocytic activity. The production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by OTF hydrolysates was inhibited by the addition of specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. In conclusion, results indicated that all OTF hydrolysates activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by activating MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyeon Joong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Dong Uk Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Wang Q, Wei M, Zhang J, Yue Y, Wu N, Geng L, Sun C, Zhang Q, Wang J. Structural characteristics and immune-enhancing activity of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by marine Halomonas sp. 2E1. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1660-1668. [PMID: 34048832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial polysaccharides from extreme environments, such as cold seeps and hydrothermal vents, usually exhibit novel structural features and diverse biological activities. In this study, an exopolysaccharide (EPS2E1) was isolated from cold-seep bacterium Halomonas sp. 2E1 and its immune-enhancing activity was evaluated. The total sugar content and protein content were determined as 83.1% and 7.9%, respectively. EPS2E1 contained mannose and glucose with the molar ratio of 3.76: 1. The molecular weight was determined to be 47.0 kDa. Structural analysis indicated that EPS2E1 was highly branched, the backbone mainly consisted of →2)-Man-(α-1→ and →2, 6)-Man-(α-1→ with the ratio of 2.45: 1.00. The chain also contained →4)-Glc-(α-1→, →6)-Man-(α-1→ and →3)-Glc-(β-1→. EPS2E1 could significantly increase the production of NO, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by activating the MAPK and NF-κB pathways on RAW264.7 macrophages. EPS2E1 exhibits the potential to be an immunopotentiator in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingChi Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maosheng Wei
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yang Yue
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lihua Geng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaomin Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Kim KT, Yang SJ, Paik HD. Probiotic properties of novel probiotic Levilactobacillus brevis KU15147 isolated from radish kimchi and its antioxidant and immune-enhancing activities. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:257-265. [PMID: 33732516 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic properties and antioxidant activities of lactic acid bacteria strains including Levilactobacillus brevis KU15147 isolated from kimchi to determine their potential as a probiotic. The tolerance of all strains to gastric acid and bile salts was more than 90%. The strains did not produce a β-glucuronidase and survived following treatment with gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin. L. brevis KU15147 showed greater adhesion activity to HT-29 cells (6.38%) and its antioxidant activities were higher than those of other tested strains, showing values of 38.56%, 22%, and 23.82% in DPPH, ABTS, and β-carotene bleaching assays, respectively. Additionally, the relative expression intensities of induced nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-α of L. brevis KU15147 were greater than those of other strains, suggesting that this strain can be applied in the health food or pharmaceutical industry as a novel probiotic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Jin Yang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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Lee HB, Son SU, Lee JE, Lee SH, Kang CH, Kim YS, Shin KS, Park HY. Characterization, prebiotic and immune-enhancing activities of rhamnogalacturonan-I-rich polysaccharide fraction from molokhia leaves. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:443-450. [PMID: 33556396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived polysaccharides possess potential health benefits that improve intestinal health and the immune system. Molokhia leaves have a large amount of mucilage polysaccharide; in the present study, crude polysaccharide extract was prepared from molokhia leaves. The molecular weight of molokhia leaf polysaccharide fraction (MPF) was estimated to be 51.2 × 103 Da. Polysaccharide was methylated and the structure of MPF was mainly composed of rhamnogalacturonan-I structure with side chains, such as galactans and linear glucan (starch), as shown by GC-MS analysis. To study the biofunctional effects of MPF, its prebiotic and intestinal immune-enhancing activities were assayed in vitro. MPF exhibited good prebiotic activity, as shown by its high prebiotic scores, and increased contents of total short-chain fatty acids on five probiotic strains. In addition, MPF showed immune-enhancing activity on Peyer's patches, as revealed by the high bone marrow cell proliferating activity and production of immunoglobulin A and cytokines. These results demonstrate that MPF may be a potential beneficial prebiotic and intestinal immune-enhancer, which may have wide implications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Bin Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-U Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Eun Lee
- Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Kang
- MEDIOGEN Co. Ltd., Chungcheongbuk-do 27159, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Gyeonggi 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
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He BL, Zheng QW, Guo LQ, Huang JY, Yun F, Huang SS, Lin JF. Structural characterization and immune-enhancing activity of a novel high-molecular-weight polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 145:11-20. [PMID: 31846656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel homogeneous polysaccharide (CMP-III) was extracted and purified from C. militaris. Structural characterization revealed that CMP-III had an average molecular weight of 4.796 × 104 kDa and consisted of glucose, mannose and galactose with the molar ratio of 8.09:1.00:0.25. The main linkage types of CMP-III consisted of 1 → 4)-α-D-Glc (70.08%), 1 → 4,6)-α-D-Man (9.59%), 1→)-α-D-Man (10.79%) and 1 → 2,6)-α-D-Gal (3.93%) based on methylation and NMR analysis. The immunomodulatory assay indicated that CMP-III significantly promoted macrophage phagocytosis and secretion of NO, TNF-α and IL-6. Further study suggested that macrophage activated by CMP-III involved mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Overall, these results suggested that CMP-III could be developed as a potent immunomodulatory agent for use in functional foods and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Lin He
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qian-Wang Zheng
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jen-Yi Huang
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Fan Yun
- Guangzhou Alchemy Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 139 Hongming Road, Guangzhou Economic Technology Zone, Guangzhou City 510760, China
| | - Shi-Shi Huang
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun-Fang Lin
- College of Food Science & Institute of Food Biotechnology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; Research Center for Micro-Ecological Agent Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Hong HD, Kim JC, Lim TG, Song YR, Cho CW, Jang M. Mixing ratio optimization for functional complex extracts of Rhodiola crenulata, Panax quinquefolius, and Astragalus membranaceus using mixture design and verification of immune functional efficacy in animal models. J Funct Foods 2018; 40:447-454. [PMID: 32288793 PMCID: PMC7105012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify the optimum mixing ratio for various ingredients to obtain complex extracts with high extract yields and immune-enhancing activity in animals. The extract yield and amounts of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL)-6 were set to maximum for modeling predictions. The predicted optimum values for the mixing ratio were 49.5% for Rhodiola crenulata, 26.1% for Astragalus membranaceus, and 24.4% for Panax quinquefolius, and the predicted response values were 31.5% yield, 13.4% NO production, and 6.1% IL-6 production; actual values were 35.3% yield, 14.7% NO, and 6.6% IL-6. The optimum mixing ratio extract (OMRE) was used for the animal experiments. Treating mice with OMRE at 200 mg/kg produced significant increases in spleen indexes and T-cell/B-cell proliferation. OMRE treatment increased IL-10 and IL-6 production in concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-induced T- and B- lymphocytes, respectively. These results provide a basis for the development of functional extracts and drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Do Hong
- Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ran Song
- Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Cho
- Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
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Hong SH, Ku JM, In Kim H, Ahn CW, Park SH, Seo HS, Shin YC, Ko SG. The immune-enhancing activity of Cervus nippon mantchuricus extract (NGE) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and immunosuppressed mice. Food Res Int 2017; 99:623-9. [PMID: 28784525 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics are often used to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. However, they can also harm healthy cells and cause side effects such as immunosuppression. Especially traditional oriental medicines long used in Asia, may be beneficial candidates for the alleviation of immune diseases. Cervus nippon mantchuricus extract (NGE) is currently sold in the market as coffee and health drinks. However, NGE was not widely investigated and efficacy remain unclear and essentially nothing is known about their potential immune-regulatory properties. As a result, NGE induced the differentiation of RAW264.7 macrophage cells. NGE-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells elevated cytokines levels and NO production. NGE-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells activated MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. NGE encouraged the immuno-enhancing effects in immunosuppressed short-term treated with NGE mice model. NGE or Red ginseng encouraged the immuno-enhancing effects in immunosuppressed long-term treated with NGE mice model. Our data clearly show that NGE contains immune-enhancing activity and can be used to treat immunodeficiency.
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Liu J, Chen X, Yue C, Hou R, Chen J, Lu Y, Li X, Li R, Liu C, Gao Z, Li E, Li Y, Wang H, Yan Y, Li H, Hu Y. Effect of selenylation modification on immune-enhancing activity of Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 72:1435-40. [PMID: 25453291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide (AMP) was extracted purified and modified in selenylation by Nitric acid-sodium selenite method to get nine selenizing AMPs (sAMPs), sAMP(1)-sAMP(9). In vitro test their effects on chicken peripheral lymphocyte proliferation were determined by MTT assay. The results showed that nine sAMPs and AMP at five concentrations could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation, the actions in six sAMPs were significantly stronger than that in AMP, and in sAMP(9) was the strongest. In vivo test, 14-day-old chickens vaccinated with ND vaccine were injected respectively with sAMP(9) and AMP, the peripheral lymphocytes proliferation, serum antibody titer, IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6 contents were determined. The results displayed that the sAMP could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation and elevate the antibody titers and content of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-6 in comparison with unmodified AMP. These results indicate that selenylation modification can significantly enhance the immune-enhancing activity of AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chanjuan Yue
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ranran Hou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jin Chen
- National Research Center of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Yu Lu
- National Research Center of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Xiuping Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Rongjia Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Cui Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Entao Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Youying Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yue Yan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hongquan Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Fan Y, Ma L, Zhang W, Wang J, Chen Y, Gao Y, Feng W, Zhong L, Song X. The design of propolis flavone microemulsion and its effect on enhancing the immunity and antioxidant activity in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:200-7. [PMID: 24463267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to formulate a microemulsion system for improving the activity of propolis flavone (PF). Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to evaluate the existence area of PF microemulsion (PFM). The formulation was characterized by particle size, zeta potential, morphology and stability. The results showed that the optimal PFM formulation consists of 5.3% ethyl acetate, 14% RH-40, 7% ethanol and 73.7% water (w/w), with a solubility of PF up to 3.0 mg mL(-1). The immune-enhancing and antioxidant activity of PFM in vitro and in vivo were performed. The results showed that PFM could significantly promote the splenocyte proliferation and the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ in vitro. In vivo, PFM at high and medium doses was able to significantly increase the thymus and spleen indices, enhance splenocyte activity and improve the contents of IgG and IgM in serum, it could also improve the antioxidant activity, significantly increase the levels of superoxidase dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decrease the malondialdehyde levels compared with PF. These results indicated that microemulsion could be used as an effective formulation for enhancing the activity of PF. Therefore, microemulsion would be expected to exploit into a new-type preparation of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lin Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Wei Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Liuqing Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Fan Y, Ma L, Zhang W, Xu Y, Suolangzhaxi, Zhi X, Cui E, Song X. Microemulsion can improve the immune-enhancing activity of propolis flavonoid on immunosuppression and immune response. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 63:126-32. [PMID: 24099936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the immune-enhancing activity of propolis flavone (PF) could be improved after PF was made into PF microemulsion (PFM). Two experiments were carried out. In immunosuppression experiment, the immune-enhancing effect of PFM in immunosuppressive chickens was performed. The results showed that PFM at high and medium doses was able to overcome the CTX-induced immunosuppression, significantly increases the immune organ indexes, enhances lymphocyte proliferation and improves the concentrations of IL-2 and IL-6 in serum when compared with PF. In immune response experiment, the adjuvant effect of PFM at three doses and PF were compared on chickens which were immunized intramuscularly with Avian Influenza Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus bivalent Vaccine. The results showed that PFM at high and medium doses could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation, enhances antibody titer and the concentrations of IgG and IgM, and its efficacy were significantly better than PF at most time points. These results indicated that PFM could significantly improve the immune-enhancing activity and adjuvanticity of PF, and its high and medium doses possessed the best efficacy. Therefore, the microemulsion could be used as an effective formulation for enhancing the bioavailability of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lin Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yingying Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Suolangzhaxi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Enhui Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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