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Yang Q, Deng X, Niu B, Lin H, Jing J, Chen Q. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of melamine in liquid milk based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 303:123143. [PMID: 37478706 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Melamine is one of the common limited contaminations in dairy products. The traditional detection method has a long period and complicated pretreatment process. The rapid detection method is the better method to solve the screening of limited contaminations. In this paper, taking melamine as the research object, the surface enhanced Raman spectrum of melamine in liquid milk were collected by portable Raman spectrometer, and melamine was qualitatively identified and semi-quantitatively analyzed by Raman characteristic peak and Raman intensity, and a simple and efficient rapid screening method for limited contaminations was developed. The limit of detection is 0.25 mg/kg. The probability of detection is 100% at 2.5 mg/kg, which is the same between the two laboratories, indicating that the semi-quantitative method has good repeatability. The method of melamine proposed in this study can meet the rapid screening requirements of limited contaminations at the maximum residue limit, and has a good application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Xiaojun Deng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Bing Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Jing Jing
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Qin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Abedini R, Khaniki GJ, Naderi M, Aghaee EM, Sadighara P. Investigation of melamine and cyanuric acid concentration in several brands of liquid milk and its non-carcinogenic risk assessment in adults and infants. J Food Sci Technol 2023; 60:3054-3066. [PMID: 37786605 PMCID: PMC10542036 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the melamine and cyanuric acid concentration of widely used milk brands and the probability of non-carcinogenic risk of the brands for adults and infants were investigated. These values were 1.37 mg/L, 1.10 mg/L, and 1.09 mg/L, which corresponded to creamy sterilized sample, high-fat (creamy) pasteurized sample, and low-fat (less-creamy) pasteurized sample, respectively. Similarly, the highest amount of cyanuric acid occurred in brand A with the values of 0.79 mg/L, 0.65 mg/L, and 0.64 mg/L, which was reported in the same samples mentioned for melamine. The HQ (Hazard Quotient) of melamine in the brands of A, B, C and D for adults was 0.0025, 0.0011, 0.0006 and 0.0008 respectively. These values for infants were reported as 2.2280, 0.9444, 0.5714 and 0.6714 respectively. The risk probability of melamine for adults was less than 1. However, the HQ in brand A for infants was greater than 1 (2.380), which indicate the high probability of non-carcinogenic risk. Furthermore, the HI (Hazard Index) values of the brands of A, B, C and D for infants were 2.7913, 1.1737, 0.7067 and 0.838, respectively. The simultaneous melamine and cyanuric acid in the brands A and B in for infants increase the non-carcinogenic risk probability by approximately 2.8 and 1.2 times, respectively. The results revealed that the melamine and cyanuric acid concentrations in creamy milk samples (0.5%) were higher than in less-creamy milk samples (2.5%). Moreover, the amount of the compounds in sterilized milk samples was higher than pasteurized. In this study, a conversion factor (0.7) was proposed in order to find out the concentration of cyanuric acid in milk sample with the amount of melamine is known but the cyanuric acid concentration is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Abedini
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Jahed Khaniki
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Naderi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Molaee Aghaee
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shi R, Yu Z, Ho H, Wu W, Wang J, Tian X, Han R. Survey of Aflatoxin M1 in Commercial Liquid Milk Products in China. J Food Prot 2021; 84:200-203. [PMID: 32882038 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in Chinese liquid milk products. A total of 190 liquid milk samples, including 168 ultrahigh-temperature-treated milk samples and 22 pasteurized milk (PM) samples, were collected in August 2019. A screening assay with the Charm rapid test kit and a confirmation method with high-performance liquid chromatography were used for AFM1 analysis. Nine (4.74%) samples were screened positive, of which 5 (2.11%) samples were confirmed with concentration levels of 0.022 to 0.049 μg/kg. The AFM1 levels confirmed were all below the maximum residue levels set by China, the European Union, the United States, and the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The detection rate of AFM1 in domestic milk samples was 3.39%, while no AFM1 was detected in samples of imported milk. The prevalences of AFM1 detected in three groups of brands were as follows: group I, the major brands of China, 2.70%; group II, the local city domestic brands, 4.55%; and group III, the brands imported into China, 0. The detection rate of AFM1 was significantly higher in PM samples (9.09%) than in ultrahigh-temperature-treated samples (1.19%) (P < 0.05). Although the residue level of AFM1 did not exceed the maximum residue levels in any of the samples, the higher detection rate in local Chinese brands, especially in PM samples, deserves the attention of the Chinese government and consumers. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjia Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongna Yu
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang 265200, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Harvey Ho
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongwei Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-3331 [R.H.])
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Hussain A, Pu H, Hu B, Sun DW. Au@Ag-TGANPs based SERS for facile screening of thiabendazole and ferbam in liquid milk. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 245:118908. [PMID: 32949944 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy based on thioglycolic acid (TGA) functionalized silver-coated gold nanoparticles (Au@Ag-TGANPs) was developed for the facile screening of thiabendazole (TBZ) and ferbam (0.025-10 ppm) in liquid milk for the first time. Results showed that silver-coated gold nanoparticles (Au@AgNPs) with a core size of 32 nm and a shell thickness of 5 nm was successfully modified with 3 nm TGA. The sensitive Au@Ag-TGANPs could enhance TBZ and ferbam signals by factors of 6.4 × 104 and 9.8 × 104, respectively, and achieved the detection of TBZ and ferbam with limits of detection of 0.12 and 0.003 ppm, R2 of 0.988 and 0.9821, percent recoveries of 88-103% and of 87.2-103.5%, and relative standard deviations of 4.1-9.2% and 3.5-8.3%, respectively. The current simple and green method could thus be used to detect other unsafe chemicals in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hussain
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongbin Pu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bingxue Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Shi R, Yu Z, Wu W, Ho H, Wang J, Wang Y, Han R. A Survey of 61 Veterinary Drug Residues in Commercial Liquid Milk Products in China. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1227-1233. [PMID: 32221535 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT To investigate the drug residue status in commercial liquid milk products in China, 190 samples, including ultrahigh temperature milk (n = 168) and pasteurized milk (n = 22) samples, were collected in 2019. Milk samples were analyzed for the presence of any of the 61 veterinary drugs in them by using a screening assay combined with an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Ten (5.26%) samples were found positive for β-lactams, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides, and six (3.16%) samples were confirmed residual for penicillin G (n = 6; 3.16%), tetracycline (n = 1; 0.53%), and oxytetracycline (n = 1; 0.53%), with the maximum concentration of 2.85, 40.64, and 12.35 μg kg-1, respectively. Drug residue detection rate in group II (4.55%; the local city domestic brands) was higher than that in group I (2.70%; the major brands of China) and group III (2.78%; the imported brands into China) and higher in domestic samples (3.39%) than that in imported samples (2.78%), and higher in pasteurized milk samples (9.09%) than in ultrahigh temperature milk samples (2.38%). All drug residue levels were far below the regulated maximum residue limits. However, based on some veterinary drug residues detected in the samples, there is a potential veterinary drug risk in liquid milk products in the Chinese market, and this situation deserves the attention of governments and consumers. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjia Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-3331 [R.H.])
| | - Zhongna Yu
- Haidu College.Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang 265200, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-3331 [R.H.])
| | - Harvey Ho
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-3331 [R.H.])
| | - Yutao Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Test Technology for Agro-products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongwei Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-3331 [R.H.])
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Zhao Y, Yuan YC, Bai XL, Liu YM, Wu GF, Yang FS, Liao X. Multi-mycotoxins analysis in liquid milk by UHPLC-Q-Exactive HRMS after magnetic solid-phase extraction based on PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Food Chem 2019; 305:125429. [PMID: 31505415 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method using PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes magnetic nanoparticles (PEG-MWCNTs-MNP) as absorbents is proposed for isolation and enrichment of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2), aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), aflatoxin M2 (AFM2), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), zearalanone (ZAN), α-zeralanol (α-ZAL), β-zeralanol (β-ZAL), α-zeralenol (α-ZOL), and β-zeralenol (β-ZOL) from liquid milk. Combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography Q-Exactive high resolution mass spectrometry, simultaneous qualification of these mycotoxins was achieved with sensitivity and specificity. The proposed method showed a good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.995), high sensitivity (limit of detection in the range of 0.005-0.050 μg/kg and limit of quantification in the range of 0.015-0.150 μg/kg), adequate recovery (81.8-106.4%), and good repeatability (intra-day precision in the range of 2.1-8.5% and inter-day precision in the range of 3.9-11.7%). It has been successfully applied to the determination of 13 mycotoxins in real liquid milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sichuan Willtest Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yun-Cong Yuan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Bai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA.
| | - Gui-Fang Wu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fa-Shu Yang
- Sichuan Willtest Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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7
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Yong L, Zhang L, Wang YBN, Yang DJ, Liu ZP, Wang T, Huang JP, Zhou PP. [ Liquid milk exposure and risk assessment of thiocyanate in Chinese populations]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 51:332-335. [PMID: 28395467 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze liquid milk exposure of thiocyanate among Chinese population and preliminarily assess its health risk. Methods: A total of 2 059 raw milk samples were collected during 2013 and 2014 from 12 Chinese provinces, New Zealand and Netherlands. Farms were chosed according to the main sources of dairy companies, the distribution of farms and the yield of milk. Content of thiocyanate were detected by ion chromatography. Liquid milk consumption data were taken from Chinese beverage and alcoholic beverage consumption survey in 18 cities or counties in 9 provinces, including 16 775 subjects older than 3. A simple distribution model was used to estimate the exposure of thiocyanate from liquid milk. The tolerable daily intake (TDI) of thiocyanate was made 0.08 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1). Then the exposures of different age groups were compared with TDI. Results: Finally, 1 331 samples out of 2 059 were detected to contain thiocyanate. The detection rate was 65%. The average concentration of thiocyanate was 2.11 mg/kg, with a range of 0.10-16.20 mg/kg. The general population's consumption of thiocyanate by drinking liquid milk was 0.001 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1), which was lower than TDI. The P(95) of general population and consumers were 0.009 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1) and 0.020 mg·kg( -1)·d(-1) respectively, which were also lower than TDI. Mean exposures of population aged 3-6, 7-12, 13-17, 18-59 as well as elderly aged 60 and above were 0.007, 0.003, 0.002, 0.001 and 0.001 mg · kg(-1)·d(-1) respectively, which were all lower than TDI. Conclusion: The results suggested that the health risk of thiocyanate exposure by drinking liquid milk among Chinese population was at a low level. However, milk products for children deserve more concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yong
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
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Boitz LI, Fiechter G, Seifried RK, Mayer HK. A novel ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method for the rapid determination of β-lactoglobulin as heat load indicator in commercial milk samples. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1386:98-102. [PMID: 25700725 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The level of undenatured acid-soluble β-lactoglobulin can be used as an indicator to assess the heat load applied to liquid milk, thus further allowing the discrimination between milk originating from different thermal production processes. In this work, a new UHPLC method for the rapid determination of bovine β-lactoglobulin in 1.8min only (total runtime 3min) is presented using simple UV detection at 205nm. Separation selectivity for possibly co-eluting other major whey proteins (bovine serum albumin, lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, immunoglobulin G) was verified, and the method validated for the analysis of liquid milk samples regarding linearity (20-560μg/mL, R(2)>0.99), instrumentation precision (RSDs<2.8%), limits of detection and quantification (7 and 23mg/L milk), repeatability of sample work-up (RSDs≤2.6%) and method recovery (103%). In total, 71 commercial liquid milk samples produced using different preservation techniques (e.g., thermal or mechanical treatment), hence featuring different applied heat loads, were profiled for their intrinsic undenatured acid-soluble β-lactoglobulin levels. As expected, pasteurized milk showed the highest concentrations clearly above 3000mg/L due to pasteurization being the mildest thermal treatment, while in contrast, ultra-high temperature heated milk featured the lowest amounts (<200mg/L). For extended shelf life (ESL) milk, quite diverse levels were determined ranging from ∼100 up to 4000mg/L, thus clearly illustrating variable applied heat loads and impacts on the "nativeness" of milk essentially due to the fact that the production technologies used for ESL milk may differ significantly, and are currently not regulated in the EU.
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Xin JY, Zhang LX, Chen DD, Lin K, Fan HC, Wang Y, Xia CG. Colorimetric detection of melamine based on methanobactin-mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Food Chem 2014; 174:473-9. [PMID: 25529708 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid field-portable colorimetric method for the detection of melamine in liquid milk was reported. Methanobactin (Mb) could reduce Au (III) to Au (0) and mediate the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). Upon the addition of melamine, melamine interacted with oxazolone ring of Mb, which interrupted the formation of Au-NPs. Melamine could also stimulate the aggregation of formed Au-NPs. In this paper, these characteristics have been used to detect melamine in liquid milk by naked eyes observation with a detection limit of 5.56 × 10(-6)M (0.7 mg/kg). Further, the plasmon absorbance of the formed Au-NPs allowed the quantitative detection of melamine by UV-vis spectrometer. A linear correlation was existed between the absorbance and the melamine concentration ranging from 3.90 × 10(-7)M to 3.97 × 10(-6)M with a correlation coefficient of 0.9685. The detection limit (3σ) obtained by UV-vis spectrum was as low as 2.38 × 10(-7)M (i.e., 0.03 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-ying Xin
- Key Laboratory for Food Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis & Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan-xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Food Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-dan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Food Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Food Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-chen Fan
- Key Laboratory for Food Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Food Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-gu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis & Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Wang X, Li P. Rapid screening of mycotoxins in liquid milk and milk powder by automated size-exclusion SPE-UPLC-MS/MS and quantification of matrix effects over the whole chromatographic run. Food Chem 2014; 173:897-904. [PMID: 25466104 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An automated, size-exclusion solid phase extraction (SPE)-UPLC-MS/MS protocol without pre-treatment of samples was developed to screen for four mycotoxins (OTA, ZEN, AFB1, and AFM1) in liquid milk and milk powder. Firstly, a mixed macropore-silica gel cartridge was established as a size-exclusion SPE column. The proposed methodology could be a candidate in green analytical chemistry because it saves on manpower and organic solvent. Permanent post-column infusion of mycotoxin standards was used to quantify matrix effects throughout the chromatographic run. Matrix-matched calibration could effectively compensate for matrix effects, which may be caused by liquid milk or milk powder matrix. Recovery of the four mycotoxins in fortified liquid milk was in the range 89-120% and RSD 2-9%. The LOD for the four mycotoxins in liquid milk and milk powder were 0.05-2 ng L(-1) and 0.25-10 ng kg(-1), respectively. The LOQ for the four mycotoxins in liquid milk and milk powder were 0.1-5 ng L(-1) and 0.5-25 ng kg(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiupin Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, PR China; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, PR China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, PR China; Quality Inspection and Center for Oilseeds Productions, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, PR China.
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11
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Chansuvarn W, Panich S, Imyim A. Simple spectrophotometric method for determination of melamine in liquid milks based on green Mannich reaction. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 113:154-158. [PMID: 23727667 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new and simple spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for measuring the contamination of melamine in different milk products. The method is based upon measuring the absorption of the complex formed from melamine, 4-hydroxyacetophenone (Hap) and 1-pyrene carboxaldehyde (Pcd), which was adapted from the Mannich reaction. Quantitative analysis was done at a wavelength of 236 nm within a few minutes. The reaction was optimized by focusing on both obtaining high performance of the method and to concern the volatility and toxicity of used reagents. This method provided a linear dynamic range, limit of detection and limit of quantification of 0.100-3.78, 0.08 and 0.14 mg L(-1), respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.6% (n=10). The recoveries of melamine spiked liquid milk samples, with melamine concentrations of 0.63, 1.26, 1.89 and 2.52 mg L(-1), were 87.7±3.7%, 91.1±8.8%, 89.2±4.4% and 90.6±3.6% (n=3), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woravith Chansuvarn
- Division of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon (RMUTP), Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
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