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Adachi N, Sakhri FZ, Ikemoto H, Ohashi Y, Kato M, Inoue T, Hisamitsu T, Sunagawa M. Kamikihito rescued depressive-like behaviors and hippocampus neurogenesis in chronic restraint stress rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:172-179. [PMID: 35528472 PMCID: PMC9072803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Substantial evidence suggests the effectiveness of plant-based medicine in stress-related diseases. Kamikihito (KKT), a Japanese traditional herbal medicine (Kampo), has been used for anemia, insomnia, and anxiety. Recent studies revealed its ameliorating effect on cognitive and memory dysfunction in several animal models. We, therefore, determined whether daily supplementation of KKT has an antidepressant-like effect on the stress-induced behavioral and neurological changes in rats. Experimental procedure The effect of KKT against the stress-induced changes in anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and hippocampal neurogenesis were determined using a rat model of chronic restraint stress (CRS). KKT was orally administered daily at 300 or 1000 mg/kg during 21 consecutive days of CRS (6 h/day). The effect of CRS and KKT on physiological parameters, including body weight gain, food/water consumptions, plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, and percentage of adrenal gland weight to body weight, were firstly measured. Anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in rats were assessed in the open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), and forced swimming test (FST). Hippocampal neurogenesis was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results and conclusion CRS for 21 days caused a significant decrease in body weight gain and increase in plasma CORT levels and percentage of adrenal gland weight to body weight, which were rescued by KKT treatment. KKT also suppressed the CRS-induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis. These results suggest that daily treatment of KKT has a protective effect against physiological, neurological, and behavioral changes in a rat model of depression.
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Key Words
- Antidepressant-like effect
- BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- CORT, corticosterone
- CRS, chronic restraint stress
- Chronic restraint stress
- DCX, doublecortin
- DG, dentate gyrus
- DNA, methyltransferase
- FST, forced swimming test
- HPA, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal
- Hippocampal neurogenesis
- KKT, Kamikihito
- Kamikihito (加味帰脾湯)
- MAO, monoamine oxidase
- MDD, major depressive disorder
- Major depressive disorder
- NSPCs, neural progenitor/stem cells
- OFT, open field test
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SPT, sucrose preference test
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Adachi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Fatma Zahra Sakhri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Freres Mentouri Constantine-Algeria, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hideshi Ikemoto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohashi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Mami Kato
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Inoue
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hisamitsu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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Langergaard A, Mathiasen K, Søndergaard J, Sørensen SS, Laursen SL, Xylander AA, Lichtenstein MB, Ehlers LH. Economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial of blended cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients suffering from major depressive disorder. Internet Interv 2022; 28:100513. [PMID: 35242594 PMCID: PMC8886051 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2022.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the cost-effectiveness of blended cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) compared to standard CBT for adult patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD). DESIGN A cost-utility analysis alongside the randomized controlled ENTER trial. SETTING Center for Telepsychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark. PARTICIPANTS The study included 76 patients suffering from MDD. INTERVENTIONS The patients in the intervention group received blended CBT treatment comprising a combination of online modules and face-to-face consultations with a psychologist. The patients in the control group received standard CBT treatment, that is, solely face-to-face consultations with a psychologist. The treatment period was 12 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES Cost-effectiveness was reported as incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. A micro-costing approach was applied to evaluate the savings derived. Changes in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated using the EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-Levels questionnaire at the baseline and the six-month follow-up. RESULTS Data for 74 patients were included in the primary analysis. The adjusted QALY difference between blended CBT and standard CBT was -0.0291 (95% CI: -0.0535 to -0.0047), and the adjusted difference in costs was -£226.32 (95% CI: -300.86 to -151.77). Blended CBT was estimated to have a 6.6% and 3.1% probability of being cost-effective based on thresholds of £20,000 and £30,000. CONCLUSION Compared to standard CBT, blended CBT represents a cost-saving but also a loss in QALYs for patients suffering from MDD. However, results should be carefully interpreted, given the small sample size. Future research involving larger replication studies focusing on other aspects of blended CBT with more patient involvement is advised. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrial.gov: S-20150150.
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Key Words
- B-CBT, blended cognitive-behavioral therapy
- CBT, cognitive-behavioral therapy
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
- Cost-utility
- DRG, diagnosis-related group
- DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition
- ENTER, Emental Health Research
- EQ-5D-5L, EuroQoL 5-Dimensions 5-Levels
- Economic evaluation
- HRQoL, health-related quality of life
- ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio
- Internet intervention
- M.I.N.I., International Neuropsychiatric Interview version 5.0
- MDD, major depressive disorder
- Major depressive disorder
- PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9
- PSA, probabilistic sensitivity analysis
- QALY, quality-adjusted life-years
- SE, standard error
- SUREG, seemingly unrelated regression
- TiC-P, Treatment Inventory of Costs in Psychiatric Patients questionnaire
- WHO, World Health Organization
- iCBT, interned-based cognitive-behavioral therapy
- mHealth
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Langergaard
- Danish Center for Healthcare Improvements, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Kim Mathiasen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark,Center for Telepsychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark,Odense Patient Data Exploratory Network, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jesper Søndergaard
- Danish Center for Healthcare Improvements, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Sabrina S. Sørensen
- Danish Center for Healthcare Improvements, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Sidsel L. Laursen
- Danish Center for Healthcare Improvements, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Alexander A.P. Xylander
- Medical Informatics, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Mia B. Lichtenstein
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark,Center for Telepsychiatry, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Lars H. Ehlers
- Danish Center for Healthcare Improvements, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark,Nordic Institute of Health Economics A/S, Aarhus, Denmark,Corresponding author at: Nordic Institute of Health Economics A/S, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Win E, Zainal NH, Newman MG. Trait anger expression mediates childhood trauma predicting for adulthood anxiety, depressive, and alcohol use disorders. J Affect Disord 2021; 288:114-21. [PMID: 33853004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General aggression and evolutionary models posit that more severe early exposure experiences to trauma (physical, emotional, sexual abuse and/or neglect) place one at risk for adulthood psychopathology through heightened trait anger expression-internal (Anger-In) and external (Anger-Out). However, there are a dearth of empirical studies explaining the longitudinal childhood maltreatment-adulthood psychopathology relation. OBJECTIVE Therefore, this study investigated if childhood maltreatment exposure severity predicted elevated adulthood major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD), and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Moreover, we tested if trait anger expression - internal and external - mediated the childhood maltreatment-adulthood MDD, GAD, PD, and AUD symptom associations. METHOD Participants took part in two waves of measurement spaced approximately 9 years apart. Time 1 childhood trauma severity (retrospectively-reported Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), Time 2 Anger-In and Anger-Out (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory), and Time 3 adulthood MDD, GAD, PD (Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form), and AUD (Alcohol Screening Test) diagnoses were measured. RESULTS Anger-Out and Anger-In partially mediated the relations between childhood trauma severity and adulthood psychopathology diagnoses after adjusting for Time 2 symptoms. Higher Time 1 childhood trauma severity was related to greater Time 2 Anger-Out and Anger-In, and increased Time 2 Anger-Out and Anger-In were thereby related to elevated Time 3 adulthood MDD, PD and AUD, but not GAD severity. Trait anger accounted for 14 to 50% of the variance of childhood trauma-adulthood MDD, PD and AUD relations. DISCUSSION Theoretical and clinical implications, such as the need for trauma-informed care, are discussed.
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Key Words
- AUD, alcohol use disorder
- Anger-In, anger expression–internal
- Anger-Out, anger expression–external
- CTQ, retrospective childhood trauma questionnaire
- GAD, generalized anxiety disorder
- MDD, major depressive disorder
- PD, panic disorder
- STAXI, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory
- T1, Time 1
- T2, Time 2
- T3, Time 3
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Zhang L, Hu K, Shao T, Hou L, Zhang S, Ye W, Josephson L, Meyer JH, Zhang MR, Vasdev N, Wang J, Xu H, Wang L, Liang SH. Recent developments on PET radiotracers for TSPO and their applications in neuroimaging. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:373-393. [PMID: 33643818 PMCID: PMC7893127 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), previously known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, is predominately localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane in steroidogenic cells. Brain TSPO expression is relatively low under physiological conditions, but is upregulated in response to glial cell activation. As the primary index of neuroinflammation, TSPO is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). In this context, numerous TSPO-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) tracers have been developed. Among them, several radioligands have advanced to clinical research studies. In this review, we will overview the recent development of TSPO PET tracers, focusing on the radioligand design, radioisotope labeling, pharmacokinetics, and PET imaging evaluation. Additionally, we will consider current limitations, as well as translational potential for future application of TSPO radiopharmaceuticals. This review aims to not only present the challenges in current TSPO PET imaging, but to also provide a new perspective on TSPO targeted PET tracer discovery efforts. Addressing these challenges will facilitate the translation of TSPO in clinical studies of neuroinflammation associated with central nervous system diseases.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid
- ANT, adenine nucleotide transporter
- Am, molar activities
- BBB, blood‒brain barrier
- BMSC, bone marrow stromal cells
- BP, binding potential
- BPND, non-displaceable binding potential
- BcTSPO, Bacillus cereus TSPO
- CBD, corticobasal degeneration
- CNS disorders
- CNS, central nervous system
- CRAC, cholesterol recognition amino acid consensus sequence
- DLB, Lewy body dementias
- EP, epilepsy
- FTD, frontotemporal dementia
- HAB, high-affinity binding
- HD, Huntington's disease
- HSE, herpes simplex encephalitis
- IMM, inner mitochondrial membrane
- KA, kainic acid
- LAB, low-affinity binding
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAB, mixed-affinity binding
- MAO-B, monoamine oxidase B
- MCI, mild cognitive impairment
- MDD, major depressive disorder
- MMSE, mini-mental state examination
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MS, multiple sclerosis
- MSA, multiple system atrophy
- Microglial activation
- NAA/Cr, N-acetylaspartate/creatine
- Neuroinflammation
- OCD, obsessive compulsive disorder
- OMM, outer mitochondrial membrane
- P2X7R, purinergic receptor P2X7
- PAP7, RIa-associated protein
- PBR, peripheral benzodiazepine receptor
- PCA, posterior cortical atrophy
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PDD, PD dementia
- PET, positron emission tomography
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PRAX-1, PBR-associated protein 1
- PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy
- Positron emission tomography (PET)
- PpIX, protoporphyrin IX
- QA, quinolinic acid
- RCYs, radiochemical yields
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RRMS, relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
- SA, specific activity
- SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SCIDY, spirocyclic iodonium ylide
- SNL, selective neuronal loss
- SNR, signal to noise ratio
- SUV, standard uptake volume
- SUVR, standard uptake volume ratio
- TBAH, tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide
- TBI, traumatic brain injury
- TLE, temporal lobe epilepsy
- TSPO
- TSPO, translocator protein
- VDAC, voltage-dependent anion channel
- VT, distribution volume
- d.c. RCYs, decay-corrected radiochemical yields
- dMCAO, distal middle cerebral artery occlusion
- fP, plasma free fraction
- n.d.c. RCYs, non-decay-corrected radiochemical yields
- p.i., post-injection
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Kim DJ, Min BK. Rich-club in the brain's macrostructure: Insights from graph theoretical analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1761-1773. [PMID: 32695269 PMCID: PMC7355726 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a complex network. Growing evidence supports the critical roles of a set of brain regions within the brain network, known as the brain’s cores or hubs. These regions require high energy cost but possess highly efficient neural information transfer in the brain’s network and are termed the rich-club. The rich-club of the brain network is essential as it directly regulates functional integration across multiple segregated regions and helps to optimize cognitive processes. Here, we review the recent advances in rich-club organization to address the fundamental roles of the rich-club in the brain and discuss how these core brain regions affect brain development and disorders. We describe the concepts of the rich-club behind network construction in the brain using graph theoretical analysis. We also highlight novel insights based on animal studies related to the rich-club and illustrate how human studies using neuroimaging techniques for brain development and psychiatric/neurological disorders may be relevant to the rich-club phenomenon in the brain network.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- ASD, autism spectrum disorder
- BD, bipolar disorder
- Brain connectivity
- Brain network
- DTI, diffusion tensor imaging
- EEG, electroencephalography
- Graph theory
- MDD, major depressive disorder
- MEG, magnetoencephalography
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- Neuroimaging
- Rich-club
- TBI, traumatic brain injury
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Byoung-Kyong Min
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Coenen VA, Sajonz B, Reisert M, Bostroem J, Bewernick B, Urbach H, Jenkner C, Reinacher PC, Schlaepfer TE, Mädler B. Tractography-assisted deep brain stimulation of the superolateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle (slMFB DBS) in major depression. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 20:580-593. [PMID: 30186762 PMCID: PMC6120598 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the superolateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle (slMFB) emerges as a - yet experimental - treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) and other treatment refractory psychiatric diseases. First experiences have been reported from two open label pilot trials in major depression (MDD) and long-term effectiveness for MDD (50 months) has been reported. Objective To give a detailed description of the surgical technique for DBS of the superolateral branch of the medial forebrain bundle (slMFB) in MDD. Methods Surgical experience from bilateral implantation procedures in n = 24 patients with MDD is reported. The detailed procedure of tractography-assisted targeting together with detailed electrophysiology in 144 trajectories in the target region (recording and stimulation) is described. Achieved electrode positions were evaluated based on postoperative helical CT and fused to preoperative high resolution anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands), including the pre-operative diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractographic information (StealthViz DTI, Medtronic, USA; Framelink 5.0, Medtronic, USA). Midcommissural point (MCP) coordinates of effective contact (EC) location, together with angles of entry into the target region were evaluated. To investigate incidental stimulation of surrounding nuclei (subthalamic nucleus, STN; substantia nigra, SNr; and red nucleus, RN) as a possible mechanism, a therapeutic triangle (TT) was defined, located between these structures (based on MRI criteria in T2) and evaluated with respect to EC locations. Results Bilateral slMFB DBS was performed in all patients. We identified an electrophysiological environment (defined by autonomic reaction, passive microelectrode recording, acute effects and oculomotor effects) that helps to identify the proper target site on the operation table. Postoperative MCP-evaluation of effective contacts (EC) shows a significant variability with respect to localization. Evaluation of the TT shows that responders will typically have their active contacts inside the triangle and that surrounding nuclei (STN, SNr, RN) are not directly hit by EC, indicating a predominant white matter stimulation. The individual EC position within the triangle cannot be predicted and is based on individual slMFB (tractography) geometry. There was one intracranial bleeding (FORESEE I study) during a first implantation attempt in a patient who later received full bilateral implantation. Typical oculomotor side effects are idiosyncratic for the target region and at inferior contacts. Conclusion The detailed surgical procedure of slMFB DBS implantation has not been described before. The slMFB emerges as an interesting region for the treatment of major depression (and other psychiatric diseases) with DBS. So far it has only been successfully researched in open label clinical case series and in 15 patients published. Stimulation probably achieves its effect through direct white-matter modulation of slMFB fibers. The surgical implantation comprises a standardized protocol combining tractographic imaging based on DTI, targeting and electrophysiological evaluation of the target region. To this end, slMFB DBS surgery is in technical aspects comparable to typical movement disorder surgery. In our view, slMFB DBS should only be performed under tractographic assistance. The slMFB is an emerging target for DBS in therapy refractory Depression. The therapeutic effect is related to modulation of white matter. Surgery for slMFB DBS is tractography assisted surgery. DBS of the slMFB is in many aspects similar to movement disorder surgery.
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Key Words
- CT, computed tomography
- DBS, deep brain stimulation
- DTI FT, DTI fiber tractography
- DTI, diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging
- Deep brain stimulation
- Depression
- Diffusion tensor imaging
- EC, effective contact
- FT, fiber tractography
- Fiber tracking
- HF, high frequency
- Hz, Hertz [1/s]
- IPG, internal pulse generator
- MADRS, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale
- MCP, mid-commissural point
- MDD, major depressive disorder
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- Medial forebrain bundle
- OCD
- RN, red nucleus
- SNr, substantia nigra pars reticulata
- STN, subthalamic nucleus
- Stereotactic surgery
- Tractography
- VAT, volume of activated tissue
- VTA, ventral tegmental area
- mA, milli-ampere
- slMFB
- μs, micro second
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker A Coenen
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, Bonn University Medical Center, Germany; BrainLinks/BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence, Freiburg University, Germany.
| | - Bastian Sajonz
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Reisert
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Bostroem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bonn University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Bettina Bewernick
- Division of Interventional Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bonn University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Horst Urbach
- Department of Neuroradiology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Bonn University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Carolin Jenkner
- Clinical Trials Unit, Freiburg University, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter C Reinacher
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas E Schlaepfer
- Division of Interventional Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bonn University Medical Center, Germany; BrainLinks/BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence, Freiburg University, Germany
| | - Burkhard Mädler
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany; Medical Faculty, Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany; Philips GmbH DACH, Hamburg, Germany
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Bockmühl Y, Patchev AV, Madejska A, Hoffmann A, Sousa JC, Sousa N, Holsboer F, Almeida OFX, Spengler D. Methylation at the CpG island shore region upregulates Nr3c1 promoter activity after early-life stress. Epigenetics 2015; 10:247-57. [PMID: 25793778 PMCID: PMC4622987 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1017199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) induces long-lasting changes in gene expression conferring an increased risk for the development of stress-related mental disorders. Glucocorticoid receptors (GR) mediate the negative feedback actions of glucocorticoids (GC) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary and therefore play a key role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the endocrine response to stress. We here show that ELS programs the expression of the GR gene (Nr3c1) by site-specific hypermethylation at the CpG island (CGI) shore in hypothalamic neurons that produce corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh), thus preventing Crh upregulation under conditions of chronic stress. CpGs mapping to the Nr3c1 CGI shore region are dynamically regulated by ELS and underpin methylation-sensitive control of this region's insulation-like function via Ying Yang 1 (YY1) binding. Our results provide new insight into how a genomic element integrates experience-dependent epigenetic programming of the composite proximal Nr3c1 promoter, and assigns an insulating role to the CGI shore.
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Key Words
- Avp, arginine vasopressin
- BPD, borderline personal disorder
- CGI, CpG island
- CUS, chronic unpredictable stress
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- CpG island shore
- Crh, corticotropin releasing hormone
- DNA methylation
- Dusp1, dual specificity phosphatase 1
- ELS, early-life stress
- EMSA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay
- Fkbp5, FK506 binding protein 51
- GC, glucocorticoid
- GR, glucocorticoid receptor
- GRE, glucocorticoid response element
- HPA, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
- MDD, major depressive disorder
- PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder
- PVN, paraventricular nucleus
- Pomc, pro-opiomelanocortin
- Sgk1, serum glucocorticoid kinase 1
- YY1, Yin Yang
- Yin Yang
- early-life stress
- glucocorticoid receptor
- insulator
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