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Shahi NK, Kim JY, Dockko S. Process analysis of microplastic aging during the photochemical oxidation process and its effect on the adsorption behavior of dissolved organic matter. Chemosphere 2023; 341:139980. [PMID: 37648171 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Information on microplastics (MPs) interactions with dissolved organic matter (DOM) is essential for understanding their environmental impacts. However, research is scarce regarding the adsorption behavior of DOM with different characteristics onto pristine and aged MPs. This research thus investigates MPs aging behavior accelerated by UV/Persulfate and UV/chlorine oxidation processes and the adsorption behavior of organic matter with low-specific ultraviolet absorbance (L-SUVA) and high-SUVA (H-SUVA) characteristics. MPs were degraded by UV/Cl and UV/Persulfate for 30 days. Changes in thermal properties, surface morphology, and chemistry were studied using different analytical techniques. The adsorption behavior was assessed by adsorption kinetic and isotherm study. After oxidation, the surface of the MPs showed a significant increase in the oxygen-containing functional groups, contact angle, surface roughness, and surface energy, and a decrease in crystallinity. The oxidation effect follows the order of UV/Cl > UV/Persulfate. The kinetic and equilibrium data of H-SUVA adsorption on pristine and aged MPs well-fitted the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir model. In contrast, L-SUVA well-fitted the pseudo-first-order and Freundlich model. The adsorption capacity (qm) increased in the following orders: 8.11 > 5.87>4.29 mg g-1 for H-SUVA and 19.81 > 6.662>5.315 mg g-1 for L-SUVA by MPs aged with UV/Cl, UV/Persulfate and pristine MPs, respectively. The larger the surface damage of MPs, the greater the adsorption affinity of DOM. The result was attributed to the physical adsorption process, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic, hydrogen, and halogen bonding. These findings are beneficial to provide new insights involving the adsorption behavior and interaction mechanisms of DOM onto MPs for the environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Kumar Shahi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yup Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Dockko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Du X, Kong B, He J, Zhang Q, An G, Zhang T, Xia X. Cryoprotective effect of water-tailored trehalose-based natural deep eutectic solvents on frozen-thawed mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) surimi. Food Chem 2023; 426:136633. [PMID: 37329788 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of water-tailored natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) constructed from citric acid and trehalose with different amounts on the quality deterioration and oxidation of frozen-thawed (F-T) mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) surimi was studied. NADES was obtained by citric acid to trehalose and the effect of moisture addition (v/v) on the structure, physicochemical, and anti-freezing capacity of NADES was assessed. NADES + 10 % H2O has relatively low viscosity (25 %) and strong freezing resistance. However, a 50 % H2O addition leads to the disappearance of the hydrogen bond. The addition of NADES effectively inhibits water loss, migration, and mechanical damage on F-T surimi. An inhibitory effect of 4 % (w/w) NADES on oxidation was verified by a decrease in carbonyl contents (17.4 %, 8.63 %) and TBARS (37.9 %, 15.2 %) of surimi compared with control (P < 0.05) and sucrose + sorbitol after 5F-T cycles, suggesting the potential of NADES as a cryoprotectant for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Baohua Kong
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Junjie He
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Quanyu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Geer An
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Xiufang Xia
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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Nie B, Yan H, Liu P, Chen Z, Peng C, Wang X, Yin F, Gong J, Wei Y, Lin S, Gao Q, Cao M. Experimental investigation on spontaneous combustion oxidation characteristics and stages of coal with different metamorphic degrees. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:8269-8279. [PMID: 36053423 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) is a major disaster threatening coal mine safety; therefore, the investigation of coal spontaneous combustion and oxidation characteristics has been a hot topic in the long term. In this paper, the experimental temperature programmed system is used to carry out the simulation experiment of coal spontaneous combustion and oxidation of three kinds of coal with different metamorphic degrees under three oxygen concentrations (9%, 15%, 21%). The effects of metamorphic degree and oxygen concentration on coal oxidation characteristics were analyzed, and the variation laws of crossing point temperature, three characteristic point temperature, and apparent activation energy were qualitatively discussed. Finally, coal oxidation reaction stages were evaluated and divided. The results show that the concentrations of CO and C2H4 are negatively correlated with the degree of deterioration but increase with the increase of oxygen concentration. High metamorphic coal corresponds to high crossing point temperature (CPT). The average error between the CPT value calculated from the BM empirical correlation and the experimental data is very small, which is 6.42%. The higher the metamorphic degree of coal, the higher the three characteristic temperature points (critical temperature, xerochasy temperature, and activity temperature). The oxidation process of the three coal samples is divided into four stages: surface oxidation, oxidation self-heating, accelerated oxidation, and deep oxidation. The apparent activation energy of each stage exhibits significant variability, with varying patterns displayed with the degree of metamorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisheng Nie
- State Key Laboratory Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Disaster Dynamics and Control, School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongwei Yan
- State Key Laboratory Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyu Chen
- Beijing Institute of Aerospace Control Devices, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Peng
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- State Key Laboratory Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Yin
- State Key Laboratory Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gong
- State Key Laboratory Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueying Wei
- State Key Laboratory Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangshuang Lin
- State Key Laboratory Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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Sabet-Sarvestani H, Bolourian S, Eshghi H, Hosseini F, Hosseini H. Nitronium salts as mild and inexpensive oxidizing reagents toward designing efficient strategies in organic syntheses; A mechanistic investigation based on the DFT insights. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 116:108253. [PMID: 35752083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Today, introducing and evaluating the performance of novel reagents are an undeniable part of designing a successful synthetic strategy. Herein, we study the efficiency and mechanism of recently synthesized nitronium salts (e.g., NO2FSO3, NO2CF3SO3, NO2HS2O7, NO2BF4, NO2PF6, and NO2HSO4) in the oxidation reaction of ethanol to acetic acid, as a model of the primary alcohol transformations to linear carboxylic acid. An aldehyde molecule is the first produced species in this reaction which is converted to the acetic acid molecule in the presence of in situ-produced nitric acid. Concerning the proposed mechanism, among the studied nitronium salts, two different behaviors can be observed in the transition state of the step in which the aldehyde molecule is formed. The calculated barrier energies of this step have been scrutinized by powerful descriptors such as Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM), Natural Bond Orbital (NBO), Electrostatic Potential (ESP) surfaces, and Activation Strain Model (ASM). The outcomes of the studied descriptors illustrate that nitronium salts have different performances in progressing the formation of the aldehyde molecule. Indeed, the likeness of the transition state of this step to the products for NO2FSO3, NO2CF3SO3, and NO2HS2O7 species is more significant than the others. Accordingly, these reagents have more potential to apply as oxidizing agents in the primary alcohol transformations to linear carboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sabet-Sarvestani
- Department of Food Additives, Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Research Center for Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Shadi Bolourian
- Department of Food Additives, Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Research Center for Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Eshghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Hosseini
- Department of Food Additives, Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Research Center for Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Hosseini
- Department of Food Additives, Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Research Center for Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
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Nguyen HVM, Lee HS, Lee SY, Hur J, Shin HS. Changes in structural characteristics of humic and fulvic acids under chlorination and their association with trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids formation. Sci Total Environ 2021; 790:148142. [PMID: 34380267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chlorination on 16 humic and fulvic acids (HAs and FAs, respectively) extracted from six different soil samples from Korea and two purchased soil samples (Canadian peat moss, Elliott Silt Loam Soil) were investigated to identify the changes in their structural characteristics and their effects on trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential. The effect of chlorination was also investigated in fractionated samples (Aldrich HA, F1-F5) based on molecular weight (MW). Total organic carbon (TOC), specific UV absorbance (SUVA), fulvic-like fluorescence (%FLF), terrestrial humic-like fluorescence (%THLF), weight-average molecular weight (MWw), and carbon structures (13C NMR) were measured for each sample before and after chlorination, and factors relating to the chlorination mechanism were examined using principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the changes in the structural characteristics and the disinfection by-product formation of chlorinated HA and FA differed critically. For chlorinated HA, TOC and %FLF decreased due to oxidation, whereas %THLF was reduced via incorporation; MW also affected the structural changes and THMFP generation. In the PCA results, high SUVA, low MW, low N/C, and low O groups of aromatic C were associated with high THMFP production in HA, whereas low O groups of aliphatic C in FA were associated with both oxidation and incorporation in terms of THMFP. These results elucidate the mechanisms associated with the effects of chlorination in HA and FA and will support the prediction of THMFP generation in HA and FA based on their specific structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Vo-Minh Nguyen
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Han-Saem Lee
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Su-Young Lee
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environment Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea.
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Emamdadi N, Gholizadeh M, Housaindokht MR. Investigation of static magnetic field effect on horseradish peroxidase enzyme activity and stability in enzymatic oxidation process. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:189-195. [PMID: 33333096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The activity of Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) Enzyme exposed to a static magnetic field (SMF) during the oxidation reaction of pyrogallol (PGL) and the epigallocatechin gallate (EPCG) flavonoid was recorded at different times. As the data showed, the enzyme activity increased by 77.17% with increasing incubation time up to 30 min. The kinetic parameters KM and Vmax for PGL sample incubated in SMF for 30 min were 5.641 × 10-3 mM, 4.424 × 10-2 mmol/min, respectively, and for EPCG sample with the same condition were 8.65 × 10-4 mM, 2.37 × 10-3 mmol/min, respectively. Exposure of HRP enzyme to SMF changed the optimum pH from 7.0 to 6.0 in 10 min, but did not create any change in the optimum temperature of the enzyme. After 120 h, the residual activity of normal enzyme was 17% higher than that of the incubated enzyme. The structural changes of the control and HRP enzyme incubated in SMF were investigated by relative viscosity, fluorescence and CD, UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The structural changes in the presence of SMF were found to cause changes in the enzyme activity. In fact, changes in the amount of hydrogen bonds between enzymes and solvents can be a reason for this behavior from a molecular point of view. Using a static magnetic field can provide a new approach to control and direct enzyme-based biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Emamdadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Gholizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Research and Technology Center of Biomolecules, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Housaindokht
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Research and Technology Center of Biomolecules, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Qian W, Huang H, Pan M, Huang R, Wei J, Liu J. Analysis of morphology, nanostructure, and oxidation reaction of soot particulates from CI engines with dimethoxymethane-diesel blends under different loads and speeds. Fuel (Lond) 2020; 278:118263. [PMID: 32536702 PMCID: PMC7278708 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dimethoxymethane (DMM)-diesel blended fuels can simultaneously reduce exhaust emissions of soot and nitrogen oxide (NOX); several studies have been conducted in this regard. However, the influence of additive DMM on the production of inception and precursors of particulates, especially the relation between oxidation, morphology, and the nanostructure of soot particles has not been extensively investigated. In this study, a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a thermogravimetric analyzer are introduced to acquire TEM images and conduct temperature-programmed-oxidation experiments. Aiming to study the influence of DMM addition on soot oxidation, morphology, and nanostructure, tests are conducted at different rotational speeds (1400 rpm and 2200 rpm), two engine loads (0.6 MPa and 1.2 MPa), and three fuels (D100, DMM6.4, and DMM13). The results show that the diameter distributions of all samples display a similar distribution, with the range of sample diameters being from 10 to 45 nm, and the addition of DMM reduces the dp (primary particle diameters) and the Df (fractal dimension), indicating a decreased structural compactness of aggregates, compared with diesel. Moreover, with increasing load and speed, La (the length of the fringe) increases and d (the distance between adjacent layer planes) decreases. Furthermore, with the addition of DMM, a more regular and higher degree of graphitization within soot particles can be observed in comparison to D100. The nanostructure influences the oxidation reaction of graphene segments with a line relation, leading to a difference in soot oxidation property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Qian
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Haozhong Huang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mingzhang Pan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiangjun Wei
- School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No.193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Lin X, He F, Sun Z, Hou H, Zhao L. Influences of soil properties and long-time aging on phytotoxicity of antimony to barley root elongation. Environ Pollut 2020; 262:114330. [PMID: 32179216 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is a toxic element of global concern. To date, the most previous researches about phytotoxicity of Sb failed to fully consider the effects of soil properties and long-time aging. To address this, the toxicity of exogenous Sb(III) and Sb(V) were studied using the standardized barley root elongation bioassay. The results indicated that in ten soils aged only for 1 d, the EC10 (concentrations causing 10% inhibition) values were 221-3164 mg kg-1 and 135-4260 mg kg-1 in Sb(III)- and Sb(V)-treated soils, respectively. The EC50 values (concentrations causing 50% inhibition) were more than the setting highest concentration of 6400 mg kg-1 in half of ten soils. The regression analysis showed that the amorphous Fe oxide and pH were the most foremost single soil factor explaining above-mentioned variance in EC10, respectively, which suggested that the dominant soil factors were related to Sb forms. The inclusion of amorphous Mn oxide in above these two simple regression model could best explain the toxicity variance. After aged for 116 and 365 d, the phytotoxicity of Sb in Sb-treated soils significantly decreased and the phytotoxicity were even not found in the majority of Sb(V)-treated soils. The extent of aging varied with soils, and correlation analysis indicated that the aging effects negatively correlated with soil pH and positively correlated with clay and amorphous Al oxide in the Sb(III)-treated test soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Fei He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Zaijin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China.
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Lin X, Sun Z, Ma J, Hou H, Zhao L. Effects of soil properties and long aging time on the toxicity of exogenous antimony to soil-dwelling springtail Folsomia candida. Chemosphere 2020; 241:125100. [PMID: 31629240 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The most existing studies on the toxicity of antimony (Sb) were performed in limited types of soil and after short aging time. Effects of soil properties and long aging time on chronic toxicity of Sb(III) and Sb(V) to model organism Folsomia candida were studied in the laboratory studies. The results showed that after the Sb(V)-treated soils were aged for 365 d, the Sb exhibited no toxicity to survival and reproduction even at the nominal highest concentration of 12,800 mg kg-1 in ten types of soils with distinct differences in soil properties. In the Sb(III)-treated ten soils aged only for 30 d, the concentrations causing 50% mortality (LC50) and concentrations inhibiting 50% reproduction (EC50) were 1288-3219 mg kg-1 and 683-1829 mg kg-1, respectively. The LC50 were higher than the highest test concentration and the EC50 significantly increased by 2.24-6.16 fold after the Sb(III)-treated soils were aged for 150 d, and soil pH was the most important single factor explaining the variance in aging effects. After the aging time was 365 d, similar with Sb(V)-treated soils, no toxicity were observed in the most Sb(III)-treated soils, indicating the increasing aging effects with aging time. Regression analysis indicated that the OM and pH were the most important single factor predicting Sb toxicity to reproduction in Sb(III)-treated soils aged for 30 and 150 d, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zaijin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China.
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Yu H, Hu J, Jiang X, Hou X, Tian Y. Point discharge microplasma reactor for high efficiency conversion of H 2S to SO 2 for speciation analysis of sulfide and sulfite using molecular fluorescence spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1042:79-85. [PMID: 30428991 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A low temperature plasma integrating the merits of small size, simple operation and rich active particles has good performance in analytical chemistry. In this work, a point discharge microplasma was used as a reactor to facilitate the gaseous conversion reaction from H2S to SO2 with an excellent efficiency as high as 95%. By coupling this reactor with a fluorescence spectrometer, the speciation analysis of sulfide and sulfite was achieved in a simple, chromatographic separation-free, time-saving and practical way. Specifically, with the discharge off, only sulfite was quantified; with discharge on, both sulfide and sulfite were quantified; and with a simple subtraction, the speciation analysis could be easily attained. By the acidification process, a limit of detection of 7.7 μM by the proposed method was obtained for both sulfide and sulfite in aqueous medium, and this method was successfully utilized to analysis of real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China; Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Yunfei Tian
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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11
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Liu P, Zhao Y, Qin R, Gu L, Zhang P, Fu G, Zheng N. A vicinal effect for promoting catalysis of Pd 1/TiO 2: supports of atomically dispersed catalysts play more roles than simply serving as ligands. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:675-682. [PMID: 36658816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Atomically dispersing metal atoms on supports has been emerging as an effective strategy to maximize the atom utilization of metals for catalysis. However, due to the lack of effective tools to characterize the detailed structure of metal-support interface, the chemical functions of supports in atomically dispersed metal catalysts are hardly elucidated at the molecular level. In this work, an atomically dispersed Pd1/TiO2 catalyst with Ti(III) vicinal to Pd is prepared and used to demonstrate the direct involvement of metal atoms on support in the catalysis of dispersed metal atoms. Systematic studies reveal that the Ti(III)-O-Pd interface facilitates the activation of O2 into superoxide (O2-), thus promoting the catalytic oxidation. The catalyst exhibits the highest CO turn-over frequency among ever-reported Pd-based catalysts, and enhanced catalysis in the combustion of harmful volatile organic compound (i.e., toluene) and green-house gas (i.e., methane). The demonstrated direct involvement of metal atoms on oxide support suggests that the real active sites of atomically dispersed metal catalysts can be far beyond isolated metal atoms themselves. Metal atoms on oxide supports in the vicinity serve as another vector to promote the catalysis of atomically dispersed metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ruixuan Qin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4R2, Canada
| | - Gang Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Kruid J, Fogel R, Limson JL. Quantitative methylene blue decolourisation assays as rapid screening tools for assessing the efficiency of catalytic reactions. Chemosphere 2017; 175:247-252. [PMID: 28226278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the most efficient oxidation process to achieve maximum removal of a target pollutant compound forms the subject of much research. There exists a need to develop rapid screening tools to support research in this area. In this work we report on the development of a quantitative assay as a means for identifying catalysts capable of decolourising methylene blue through the generation of oxidising species from hydrogen peroxide. Here, a previously described methylene blue test strip method was repurposed as a quantitative, aqueous-based spectrophotometric assay. From amongst a selection of metal salts and metallophthalocyanine complexes, monitoring of the decolourisation of the cationic dye methylene blue (via Fenton-like and non-Fenton oxidation reactions) by the assay identified the following to be suitable oxidation catalysts: CuSO4 (a Fenton-like catalyst), iron(II)phthalocyanine (a non-Fenton oxidation catalyst), as well as manganese(II) phthalocyanine. The applicability of the method was examined for the removal of bisphenol A (BPA), as measured by HPLC, during parallel oxidation experiments. The order of catalytic activity was identified as FePc > MnPc > CuSO4 for both BPA and MB. The quantitative MB decolourisation assay may offer a rapid method for screening a wide range of potential catalysts for oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kruid
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Ronen Fogel
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
| | - Janice Leigh Limson
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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