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Colombo G, Aloisio E, Panteghini M. Laboratory investigation of peritoneal fluids: an updated practical approach based on the available evidence. J Clin Pathol 2024:jcp-2023-209282. [PMID: 38538073 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-209282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Even though analysis of peritoneal fluids (PF) is often requested to medical laboratories for biochemical and morphological tests, there is still no mutual agreement on what the most appropriate way is to manage PF samples and which tests should be appropriately executed. In this update, we tried to identify the most useful tests for PF analysis to establish best practice indications. We performed a literature review and examined available guidelines to select the most appropriate tests by an evidence-based approach. Accordingly, the basic PF profile should include (1) serum to effusion albumin gradient and (2) automated cell counts with differential analysis. This profile allows to determine the PF nature, differentiating between 'high-albumin gradient' and 'low-albumin gradient' effusions, which helps to identify the pathophysiological process causing the ascites formation. Restricted to specific clinical situations, additional tests can be requested as follows: PF lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose, to exclude (LDH) or confirm (glucose) secondary bacterial peritonitis; PF total protein, to differentiate ascites of cardiac origin from other causes; PF (pancreatic) amylase, for the identification of pancreatic ascites; PF bilirubin, when a choleperitoneum is suspected; PF triglycerides, in differentiating chylous from pseudochylous ascites and PF creatinine, to detect intraperitoneal urinary leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Colombo
- Clinical Pathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Aloisio
- Clinical Pathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Panteghini
- Clinical Pathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy
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Butnor KJ, Pavlisko EN, Sporn TA, Roggli VL. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma and Crohn disease. J Clin Pathol 2016; 70:228-232. [PMID: 27484913 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mesothelial reaction simulating peritoneal diffuse malignant mesothelioma (MM) has been reported in the setting of Crohn ileitis. To our knowledge, peritoneal MM arising in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to report the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with peritoneal MM and IBD. METHODS A database of approximately 3800 MM was reviewed for cases of MM in patients with IBD. RESULTS Three patients (0.08%) with peritoneal MM and Crohn disease (CD) were identified, including two women and one man ranging in age from 56 to 65 years. All had a long-standing history of diarrhoea and an established diagnosis of CD of 3 years or greater duration. Two had epithelial MM and one had biphasic MM. Only one had documented asbestos exposure. CONCLUSIONS Peritoneal MM occurs rarely in patients with IBD, but interestingly, has only been observed in the setting of CD and not in patients with ulcerative colitis. Chronic inflammation has been associated with the development of MM in rare instances and these three cases suggest that CD with transmural inflammation may also be a precursor. The precise role of CD-related transmural inflammation in the carcinogenesis of peritoneal MM remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Butnor
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Elizabeth N Pavlisko
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas A Sporn
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Victor L Roggli
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Takeda M, Kasai T, Enomoto Y, Takano M, Morita K, Nakai T, Iizuka N, Maruyama H, Ohbayashi C. Comparison of genomic abnormality in malignant mesothelioma by the site of origin. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:1038-43. [PMID: 25217709 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Malignant mesothelioma (MM) results from the accumulation of a number of acquired genetic events at the onset. In MM, the most frequent changes are losses in 9p21, 1p36, 22q12 and 14q32, and gains in 5p, 7p and 8q24 by comparative genomic hybridisation analysis. We have examined various genomic losses and gains in MM and benign mesothelial proliferation by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis. 9p21 deletion was reported to be less frequent in peritoneal than in pleural MMs. This study analysed various genomic losses and gains in MM by the site of origin using FISH analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed FISH analysis using paraffin-embedded tissues from 54 cases (40 pleural and 14 peritoneal) of MMs and compared the frequency of genomic abnormality by the site of origin. RESULTS 9p21 deletion was shown in 34 of 40 cases (85%) of pleural MMs, and was less frequent in five of 14 cases (36%) of peritoneal MMs (p<0.001) by FISH analysis. By contrast, 5p15 and 7p12 amplification was more significantly frequent in peritoneal than in pleural MMs. No difference between the two sites of MM in other genes was found. CONCLUSIONS 9p21 homozygous deletion assessed by FISH has been reported to be useful for differentiating MM from reactive mesothelial proliferation, but it should be noted that 9p21 deletion was less frequent in peritoneal MM. Our study suggests that the pathway of the genetic abnormality might vary between pleural and peritoneal MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Takeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kasai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan Department of Pathology and Oncology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Enomoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masato Takano
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kohei Morita
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Tokiko Nakai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Norishige Iizuka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Kishiwada City Hospital, Kashihara, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maruyama
- Department of Pathology, Hoshigaoka Medical Center, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiho Ohbayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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FUKATA H. ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY ON NORMAL RAT PERITONEAL MESOTHELIUM AND ITS CHANGES IN ABSORPTION OF PARTICULATE IRON DEXTRAN COMPLEX. Pathol Int 1996; 13:309-25. [PMID: 14195196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1963.tb03161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
A simple chamber was constructed for observation of cells at 37°C and under high magnification. Rabbit peritoneal histiocytes observed in this chamber manifested a constant interaction, which lasted as long as the preparation itself. This interaction consisted of formation of cytoplasmic bridges and flow of cytoplasm between the cells. Lung macrophages formed bridges both between themselves, and with peritoneal histiocytes. On the other hand, no bridges were noticed between histiocytes and polymorphonuclears or fibroblasts. BCG bacteria were observed passing from one histiocyte to another. Autoradiographic studies suggest that RNA may be transferred from one cell to another. The possible significance of these observations is discussed.
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LEAKE ES, GONZALEZ-OJEDA D, MYRVIK QN. ENZYMATIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORMAL ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES AND OIL-INDUCED PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES OBTAINED FROM RABBITS. Exp Cell Res 1996; 33:553-61. [PMID: 14161563 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(64)90020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Macrophages from rabbit peritoneal exudate cells incubated in vitro with T2 bacteriophage from 10 up to 120 minutes show phage particles adsorbed to cell membranes, in the process of being engulfed by means of rhopheocytosis, micropinocytosis, and phagocytosis, and localized within dense vacuoles, semi-dense vacuoles, and clear vacuoles of the cytoplasm. The electronmicrographs suggest that newly formed endocytic vacuoles containing phage particles fuse with one another and also fuse with dense bodies of the cytoplasm as they migrate towards the cell interior, thus yielding larger vacuoles of varying densities containing higher concentrations of phage. The polymorphonuclear cells present in a small proportion in the peritoneal exudate cells also endocytosed phage particles. The T2 particles are found in large cytoplasmic vacuoles surrounded by an electron-opaque material presumably derived from cytoplasmic granules. No disintegration of T2 phage within the macrophage following incubations up to 120 minutes could be demonstrated; however, disrupted phage particles were noted within cytoplasmic vacuoles of polymorphonuclear leucocytes after 15 minutes' incubation.
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CRONBERG S, NILSSON IM. THE EFFECT OF INDUCED FIBRINOLYSIS AND VARIOUS SUBSTANCES ON THE MAST CELLS IN THE PERITONEAL FLUID AND MESENTERY OF THE RAT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 60:156-63. [PMID: 14121975 DOI: 10.1111/apm.1964.60.2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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OLITZKI AL, GODINGER D, GERSHON Z. THE UPTAKE OF SALMONELLA TYPHI BY PHAGOCYTES AND ITS INTRACELLULAR VIABILITY. Pathobiology 1996; 27:175-201. [PMID: 14122871 DOI: 10.1159/000161465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Experiments are reported dealing with the increase of lysosomal acid hydrolases induced by BCG infection. Acid hydrolases were determined quantitatively in peritoneal MP, liver homogenate, and plasma of normal and BCG-infected mice. A significant increase of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and cathepsin was found in MP and liver homogenate of BCG-infected mice. In plasma also a significant increase of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase was noticed. The results of the determination of the enzymes in centrifugally separated subcellular fractions of liver homogenate indicated clearly that the acid hydrolases associated mainly with the "large granular" fraction, which consists of mitochondria, lysosomes, and microsomes and that infection with BCG caused significant increase of the enzymes specifically in this fraction. Differences in the pattern of location among centrifugally separated fraction of liver homogenate were observed between acid phosphatase and the other two acid hydrolases. MP cultured in vitro doubled their acid phosphatases content within 24 hours, whereas beta-glucuronidase rather decreased in the same cells.
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RHOADS JE, SCHWEGMAN CW. ONE-STAGE COMBINED ABDOMINOPERINEAL RESECTION OF THE RECTUM (MILES) PERFORMED BY TWO SURGICAL TEAMS. Surgery 1965; 58:600-6. [PMID: 14338554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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SHEAR L, CASTELLOT JJ, BARRY KG. PERITONEAL FLUID ABSORPTION. I. EFFECT OF DEHYDRATION ON KINETICS. J Lab Clin Med 1965; 66:232-44. [PMID: 14322069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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BENNETT B. PHAGOCYTOSIS OF MOUSE TUMOR CELLS IN VITRO BY VARIOUS HOMOLOGOUS AND HETEROLOGOUS CELLS. J Immunol 1965; 95:80-6. [PMID: 14322583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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SHINABERGER JH, SHEAR L, BARRY KG. PERITONEAL-EXTRACORPOREAL RECIRCULATION DIALYSIS A TECHNIQUE FOR IMPROVING EFFICIENCY OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS. Invest Urol 1965; 2:555-66. [PMID: 14283599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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COOPER GN. THE EFFECT OF TRIOLEIN ON KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE PERITONITIS IN MICE. J Pathol Bacteriol 1965; 89:665-79. [PMID: 14320310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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KNOCHEL JP, BARRY KG. THAM DIALYSIS: AN EXPERIMENTAL METHOD TO STUDY DIFFUSION OF CERTAIN WEAK ACIDS IN VIVO. II. SECOBARBITAL. J Lab Clin Med 1965; 65:361-9. [PMID: 14267887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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KNOCHEL JP, BARRY KG. THAM DIALYSIS: AN EXPERIMENTAL METHOD TO STUDY DIFFUSION OF CERTAIN WEAK ACIDS IN VIVO. II. SECOBARBITAL. J Lab Clin Med 1965; 65:261-9. [PMID: 14261319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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BENNETT B. A METHOD FOR PERFORMING DIFFERENTIAL COUNTS ON PERITONEAL CELL POPULATIONS FROM MICE. Transplantation 1965; 3:254-7. [PMID: 14265498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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ABE H. [THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE ABSORPTION FROM THE SMALL BOWEL AND THE PERITONEUM IN ACUTE GENERALIZED PERITONITIS USING RADIOISOTOPES]. Nihon Geka Hokan 1965; 34:481-94. [PMID: 14310158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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GORDILLOPANIAGUA G. [PERITONEAL DYALISIS]. Rev Sanid Milit 1965; 19:75-83. [PMID: 14333416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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MATSUMOTO T, DOUGLAS FM, HOTZ R, STARK G, ROBERTS RE, COLLINS RE, MILLER H. PERITONEAL HOMOGRAFT IN THE DOG. Surgery 1965; 57:435-40. [PMID: 14261584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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