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Manou D, Bouris P, Kletsas D, Götte M, Greve B, Moustakas A, Karamanos NK, Theocharis AD. Serglycin activates pro-tumorigenic signaling and controls glioblastoma cell stemness, differentiation and invasive potential. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 6-7:100033. [PMID: 33543029 PMCID: PMC7852318 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the functional role of serglycin as an intracellular proteoglycan, a variety of malignant cells depends on its expression and constitutive secretion to advance their aggressive behavior. Serglycin arose to be a biomarker for glioblastoma, which is the deadliest and most treatment-resistant form of brain tumor, but its role in this disease is not fully elucidated. In our study we suppressed the endogenous levels of serglycin in LN-18 glioblastoma cells to decipher its involvement in their malignant phenotype. Serglycin suppressed LN-18 (LN-18shSRGN) glioblastoma cells underwent astrocytic differentiation characterized by induced expression of GFAP, SPARCL-1 and SNAIL, with simultaneous loss of their stemness capacity. In particular, LN-18shSRGN cells presented decreased expression of glioma stem cell-related genes and ALDH1 activity, accompanied by reduced colony formation ability. Moreover, the suppression of serglycin in LN-18shSRGN cells retarded the proliferative and migratory rate, the invasive potential in vitro and the tumor burden in vivo. The lack of serglycin in LN-18shSRGN cells was followed by G2 arrest, with subsequent reduction of the expression of cell-cycle regulators. LN-18shSRGN cells also exhibited impaired expression and activity of proteolytic enzymes such as MMPs, TIMPs and uPA, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, suppression of serglycin in LN-18shSRGN cells eliminated the activation of pro-tumorigenic signal transduction. Of note, LN-18shSRGN cells displayed lower expression and secretion levels of IL-6, IL-8 and CXCR-2. Concomitant, serglycin suppressed LN-18shSRGN cells demonstrated repressed phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, SRC and STAT-3, which together with PI3K/AKT and IL-8/CXCR-2 signaling control LN-18 glioblastoma cell aggressiveness. Collectively, the absence of serglycin favors an astrocytic fate switch and a less aggressive phenotype, characterized by loss of pluripotency, block of the cell cycle, reduced ability for ECM proteolysis and pro-tumorigenic signaling attenuation.
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Key Words
- ALDH1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1
- Astrocytic differentiation
- CXCR, C-X-C chemokine receptor
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition
- ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acid protein
- Glioblastoma
- IL, interleukin
- Interleukins
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MMPs, metalloproteinases
- PGs, proteoglycans
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- Proteoglycans
- Proteolytic enzymes
- SRGN, serglycin
- STAT-3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Serglycin
- Signaling
- Stemness
- TIMPs, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases
- uPA, urokinase plasminogen activator
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Bouris
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation & Ageing, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘Demokritos’, Athens, Greece
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
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Mata-Miranda MM, Martinez-Cuazitl A, Guerrero-Robles CI, Noriega-Gonzalez JE, Garcia-Hernandez JS, Vazquez-Zapien GJ. Biochemical similarity between cultured chondrocytes and in situ chondrocytes by chemometric analysis from FTIR microspectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:e00391. [PMID: 31763202 PMCID: PMC6864338 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background aims Fourier Transform Infrared Micro-spectroscopy (FTIRM) is an emerging tool that obtains images with biochemical information of samples that are too small to be chemically analyzed by conventional Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. So, the central objective of this project was to study the biochemical similarity between articular and cultured chondrocytes by chemometric analysis from FTIRM. Methods Nine samples of knee articular cartilage were obtained; each sample was divided into two fragments, one portion was used for FTIRM characterization in situ, and from another part, chondrocytes were obtained to be cultured (in vitro), which were subjected to an FTIRM to characterize their biomolecular components. The FTIRM spectra were normalized, and the second derivative was calculated. From these data, principal component analysis (PCA) and a chemometric comparison between in situ and cultured chondrocytes were carried out. Finally, the biochemical mapping was conducted obtaining micro-FTIR imaging. Results FTIRM spectra of in situ and in vitro chondrocytes were obtained, and different biomolecules were detected, highlighting lipids, proteins, glycosaminoglycans, collagen, and aggrecan. Despite slight differences in the FTIR spectra, the PCA proved the organic similarity between in situ chondrocytes and cultured chondrocytes, which was also observed in the analysis of the ratios related to the degradation of the articular cartilage and collagen. In the same way, the ability of the FTIRM to characterize the molecular biodistribution was demonstrated. Conclusion The biochemical composition and biodistribution analysis using FTIRM have been useful for comparing cultured chondrocytes and in situ chondrocytes.
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Key Words
- ACI, autologous chondrocyte implantation
- Biochemical mapping
- Biomolecules
- Chemometric analysis
- Cultured chondrocytes
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FTIR Micro-spectroscopy
- FTIR, Fourier Transform Infrared
- FTIRI, Micro-FTIR images
- FTIRM, Fourier Transform Infrared Micro-spectroscopy
- GAGs, glycosaminoglycans
- MCT, Mercury-Cadmium-Tellurium
- OA, osteoarthritis
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PGs, proteoglycans
- SNV, standard normal variate
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Maribel Mata-Miranda
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Ciudad de México, 11200, Mexico
| | - Adriana Martinez-Cuazitl
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Ciudad de México, 11200, Mexico.,Hospital Central Militar, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Ciudad de México, 11200, Mexico
| | - Carla Ivonne Guerrero-Robles
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Ciudad de México, 11200, Mexico
| | - Jesus Emmanuel Noriega-Gonzalez
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Ciudad de México, 11200, Mexico
| | | | - Gustavo Jesus Vazquez-Zapien
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Ciudad de México, 11200, Mexico
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Ritelli M, Chiarelli N, Zoppi N, Dordoni C, Quinzani S, Traversa M, Venturini M, Calzavara-Pinton P, Colombi M. Insights in the etiopathology of galactosyltransferase II (GalT-II) deficiency from transcriptome-wide expression profiling of skin fibroblasts of two sisters with compound heterozygosity for two novel B3GALT6 mutations. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2014. [PMID: 28649518 PMCID: PMC5471164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in B3GALT6, encoding the galactosyltransferase II (GalT-II) involved in the synthesis of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) linkage region of proteoglycans (PGs), have recently been associated with a spectrum of connective tissue disorders, including spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity type 1 (SEMDJL1) and Ehlers–Danlos-like syndrome. Here, we report on two sisters compound heterozygous for two novel B3GALT6 mutations that presented with severe short stature and progressive kyphoscoliosis, joint hypermobility and laxity, hyperextensible skin, platyspondyly, short ilia, and elbow malalignment. Microarray-based transcriptome analysis revealed the differential expression of several genes encoding extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components, including COMP, SPP1, COL5A1, and COL15A1, enzymes involved in GAG synthesis and in ECM remodeling, such as CSGALNACT1, CHPF, LOXL3, and STEAP4, signaling transduction molecules of the TGFβ/BMP pathway, i.e., GDF6, GDF15, and BMPER, and transcription factors of the HOX and LIM families implicated in skeletal and limb development. Immunofluorescence analyses confirmed the down-regulated expression of some of these genes, in particular of the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and osteopontin, encoded by COMP and SPP1, respectively, and showed the predominant reduction and disassembly of the heparan sulfate specific GAGs, as well as of the PG perlecan and type III and V collagens. The key role of GalT-II in GAG synthesis and the crucial biological functions of PGs are consistent with the perturbation of many physiological functions that are critical for the correct architecture and homeostasis of various connective tissues, including skin, bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, and generates the wide phenotypic spectrum of GalT-II-deficient patients. Clinical features/molecular characterization of two patients with spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity type 1 Identification of two novel B3GALT6 mutations First report of transcriptome-wide gene expression profiling on GalT-II-deficient fibroblasts Immunofluorescence studies of several ECM structural components in GalT-II-deficient cells Enlargement of the knowledge on the GalT-II deficiency’s molecular pathogenesis
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Key Words
- ATCS, adducted-thumb club foot syndrome
- Abs, antibodies
- B3GALT6
- BMP, bone morphogenetic proteins
- C4ST, chondroitin 4-sulfotransferase
- C6ST, chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase
- COLLI, type I collagen
- COLLIII, type III collagen
- COLLV, type V collagen
- COLLs, collagens
- COMP, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein
- CS, chondroitin sulfate
- CSGALNACT1, chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1
- CTDs, connective tissue disorders
- Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein
- ChPF, chondroitin polymerizing factor
- ChSy, chondroitin synthase
- D4ST, dermatan 4 sulfotransferase 1
- DCN, decorin
- DEGs, differentially expressed genes
- DS, dermatan sulfate
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EDS, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
- Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
- FN, fibronectin
- GAGs, glycosaminoglycans
- GO, gene ontology
- Gal, galactose
- GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine
- GalNAc4S-6ST, GalNAc 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase
- GalNAcT, β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
- GalNAcT-16, N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 16
- GalT-I/II, galactosyltransferase I and II
- GalT-II deficiency
- GlcA, glucuronic acid
- GlcAT, glucuronosyltransferase
- GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine
- GlcNAcT, α1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HAS2, hyaluronan synthase 2
- HOX, homeobox gene family
- HPO, human phenotype ontology
- HS, heparan sulfate
- Hep, heparin
- IF, immunofluorescence microscopy studies
- IdoA, iduronic acid
- OPN, osteopontin
- Osteopontin
- PGs, proteoglycans
- PTC, premature termination codon of translation
- SEMDJL1, spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity type 1
- Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity type 1
- TNs, tenascins
- Xyl, xylose
- XylT, xylosyltransferase
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Chiarelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Dordoni
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Quinzani
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Traversa
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Venturini
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Piergiacomo Calzavara-Pinton
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Corresponding author at: Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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