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Diederichs EV, Mondal D, Patil H, Gorbet M, Willett TL. The effect of triglycerol diacrylate on the printability and properties of UV curable, bio-based nanohydroxyapatite composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 153:106499. [PMID: 38490049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
3D printable biopolymer nanocomposites composed of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and functionalized plant-based monomers demonstrate potential as sustainable and structural biomaterials. To increase this potential, their printability and performance must be improved. For extrusion-based 3D printing, such as Direct Ink Writing (DIW), printability is important for print fidelity. In this work, triglycerol diacrylate (TGDA) was added to an acrylated epoxidized soybean oil:polyethylene glycol diacrylate resin to increase hydrogen bonding. Greater hydrogen bonding was hypothesized to improve printability by increasing the ink's shear yield strength, and therefore shape holding after deposition. The effects of this additive on material and mechanical properties were quantified. Increased hydrogen bonding due to TGDA content increased the ink's shear yield stress and viscosity by 916% and 27.6%, respectively. This resulted in improved printability, with best performance at 3 vol% TGDA. This composition achieved an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 32.4 ± 2.1 MPa and elastic modulus of 1.15 ± 0.21 GPa. These were increased from the 0 vol% TGDA composite, which had an UTS of 24.8 ± 1.8 MPa and a modulus of 0.88 ± 0.06 GPa. This study demonstrates the development of bio-based additive manufacturing feedstocks for potential uses in sustainable manufacturing, rapid prototyping, and biomaterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V Diederichs
- Composite Biomaterial Systems Laboratory, Department of Systems Design, University of Waterloo, Douglas Wright Engineering Building, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Dibakar Mondal
- Composite Biomaterial Systems Laboratory, Department of Systems Design, University of Waterloo, Douglas Wright Engineering Building, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Haresh Patil
- Composite Biomaterial Systems Laboratory, Department of Systems Design, University of Waterloo, Douglas Wright Engineering Building, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Maud Gorbet
- Material Interaction with Biological Systems Laboratory, Department of Systems Design, University of Waterloo, Carl A. Pollock Hall, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Thomas L Willett
- Composite Biomaterial Systems Laboratory, Department of Systems Design, University of Waterloo, Douglas Wright Engineering Building, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada.
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2
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Kołodziej A, Wesełucha-Birczyńska A, Długoń E, Świętek M, Gubernat M, Skalniak Ł, Błażewicz M. A study of the interactions between human osteoblast-like cells and polymer composites with functionalized graphene derivatives using 2D correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS). Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 285:121862. [PMID: 36122465 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In response to the growing need for development of modern biomaterials for applications in regenerative medicine strategies, the research presented here investigated the biological potential of two types of polymer nanocomposites. Graphene oxide (GO) and partially reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were incorporated into a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix, creating PCL/GO and PCL/rGO nanocomposites in the form of membranes. Proliferation of osteoblast-like cells (human U-2 OS cell line) on the surface of the studied materials confirmed their biological activity. Fluorescence microscopy was able to distinguish the different patterns of interaction between cells (depending on the type of material) after 15 days of the test run. Raman micro-spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) applied to Raman spectra distinguished the nature of cell-material interactions after only 8 days. Combination of these two techniques (Raman micro-spectroscopy and 2D-COS analysis) facilitated identification of a much more complex cellular response (especially from proteins) on the surface of PCL/GO. The presented approach can be regarded as a method for early study of the bioactivity of membrane materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kołodziej
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Długoń
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Świętek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maciej Gubernat
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Skalniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Błażewicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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3
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Duncan TV, Bajaj A, Sharma A, Gray PJ, Weiner RG, Pillai KV. Sulfides mediate the migration of nanoparticle mass out of nanocomposite plastics and into aqueous environments. NanoImpact 2022; 28:100426. [PMID: 36096361 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We show that inorganic sulfides strongly influence transfer (migration) of nanoparticle mass out of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) and into aqueous environments. We first manufactured two families of PNCs: one incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and one incorporating CdSe quantum dots (QDs). Then, we assessed migration out of these PNCs and into aqueous media containing Na2S at concentrations ranging from 0 to 10-4 M. Results show that Na2S strongly suppressed migration of Ag from AgNP-based PNCs: the migration into water spiked with 10-6 M Na2S was 79% less than migration into water without Na2S, and no migration was detected (LOD ≈ 0.01 ng/cm2) in water spiked with Na2S at 10-5 M or 10-4 M. With CdSe QD-based PNCs, Na2S suppressed Cd migration but enhanced Se migration, resulting in only a small net effect on the total QD migration but a large shift of the leachate composition (from favoring Cd by an average of 5.8 to 1 in pure water to favoring Se 9.4 to 1 when Na2S was present at 10-4 M). These results show that common inorganic substances like sulfides may play a strong role in determining the environmental fate of polymer-dispersed nanoparticles and imply that migration tests conducted in purified water may not always accurately reflect migration into real environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy V Duncan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, IL 60501, USA.
| | - Akhil Bajaj
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, IL 60501, USA
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Illinois Institute of Technology, Bedford Park, IL 60501, USA
| | - Patrick J Gray
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, IL 60501, USA
| | - Rebecca G Weiner
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, IL 60501, USA
| | - Karthik V Pillai
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Bedford Park, IL 60501, USA
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Dong H, Tang H, Shi X, Yang W, Chen W, Li H, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Hua M. Enhanced fluoride removal from water by nanosized cerium oxides impregnated porous polystyrene anion exchanger. Chemosphere 2022; 287:131932. [PMID: 34455122 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient elimination of fluoride from wastewater is an urgent need for ensuring water safety. In the present study, a stable and reusable nanocomposite (NCO@PAE) was synthesized by impregnating nanosized cerium oxides (NCO) inside a porous polystyrene anion exchanger (PAE) host for efficient fluoride removal from wastewater. The newly fabricated NCO@PAE exhibited excellent resistance to acid and alkali environment, allowing it to be utilized in a wide pH range (2-12). Fluoride uptake onto NCO@PAE was a pH-dependent process, which could reach the maximum capacity at pH 3.0. Compared with its host PAE, NCO@PAE showed conspicuous adsorption affinity towards fluoride in the coexistence of other competing anions at high concentrations. Adsorption kinetics confirmed its high efficiency for achieving equilibrium within 120 min. Fixed-bed adsorption runs demonstrated that the effective processing capacity of NCO@PAE for synthetic fluoride-containing wastewater (initial fluoride 2.5 mg/L) was about ~330 BV (bed volume), while only 22 BV for the host PAE. The exhausted NCO@PAE could be effectively revived by a simple in-situ desorption method for long-term cycle operation without conspicuous capacity loss. All the results indicated that NCO@PAE is a reliable and promising adsorbent for water defluoridation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, PR China
| | - Huan Tang
- School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, PR China
| | - Xinxing Shi
- School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, PR China
| | - Wenlan Yang
- School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, PR China.
| | - Wenjing Chen
- School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, PR China
| | - Han Li
- School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, PR China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, PR China
| | - Zhengyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing, 210036, PR China
| | - Ming Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
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Eghbalian M, Ansari R, Haghighi S. On the mechanical properties and fracture analysis of polymer nanocomposites reinforced by functionalized silicon carbide nanotubes: A molecular dynamics investigation. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 111:108086. [PMID: 34861609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical characteristics of reinforced polymer nanocomposites with Hydrogen (H)- and Fluorine (F)-functionalized silicon carbide nanotubes (H-and F-fSiCNTs) are investigated herein using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The effects of covalent functionalization and chirality of SiCNT, and diverse polymer materials on Young's modulus, maximum stress, and strain to the failure point, as well as strain energy are studied. The results reveal that by increasing the functionalization degree, the maximum stress, maximum strain, elastic modulus, and strain energy decrease. The tensile strength of polymer nanocomposites containing SiCNT is higher than that of pure polymer and polymers containing functionalized silicon carbide nanotubes (fSiCNTs). It is also found that the incorporation of fSiCNT into the polymer matrix (fSiCNT/polymer) gives rise to a considerable improvement in the ultimate strength of nanocomposites compared to the pure polymer. Polymer nanocomposites reinforced by armchair SiCNTs and fSiCNTs withstand higher maximum stresses and possess less longitudinal Young's modulus as compared to the same systems comprising zigzag nanotubes. In every percent of functionalization, the zigzag F-fSiCNT/polymer tends to have a higher Young's modulus as compared to the zigzag H-fSiCNT/polymer. Similarly, the armchair F-fSiCNTs incorporated into the polyethylene (PE) matrix (F-fSiCNTs/PE) are stiffer than the armchair H-fSiCNTs/PE in each weight of functionalization. Moreover, the armchair fSiCNTs/polymer nanocomposites show higher storage of strain energy in comparison with their zigzag counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eghbalian
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - R Ansari
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 3756, Rasht, Iran.
| | - S Haghighi
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Singh AA, Makade CS, Krupadam RJ. Graphene nanoplatelets embedded polymer: An efficient endodontic material for root canal therapy. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 121:111864. [PMID: 33579494 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The design and preparation of clinically relevant endodontic obturating material for root canal therapy is a great challenge. For the first time, we report a new polymer nanocomposite which was prepared by using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization of methacrylic acid and methylene glycol dimethacrylate. The polymer was embedded with reduced graphene oxide nanoplatelets (rGO). These graphene nanoplatelets were embedded in the polymers (GNPs) have shown the tensile strength (27--36%) and the elongation at break 2.1 - 3.1% is quite similar to the commercial gutta percha (GP-C). Atomic force micrograph provided interesting information related to scattering of rGO flakes in GNPs and the surface of GNP contains crystalline spikes of height varied between 0.95 and 1.26 μm. These spikes improved the adhesion of GNPs to bio-interface. The GNPs were 95% more effective in inhibiting bacterial colonization without disturbing the nearby cell integrity compared to commercial GP. It was found that the GNPs after incubation of 24 h at 37 °C, the radius of the inhibition zone was 6.8 mm and 4.3 mm for E.coli and S. aureus, respectively indicating better effective antibacterial activity than the GP-C. This work offers biocompatible, better adhesive and antibacterial endodontic obturating material for future root canal therapy.
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Bhadauriya S, Wang X, Pitliya P, Zhang J, Raghavan D, Bockstaller MR, Stafford CM, Douglas JF, Karim A. Tuning the Relaxation of Nanopatterned Polymer Films with Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles: Observation of Entropy-Enthalpy Compensation. Nano Lett 2018; 18:7441-7447. [PMID: 30398875 PMCID: PMC6537094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymer films provide a versatile platform in which complex functional relief patterns can be thermally imprinted with a resolution down to few nanometers. However, a practical limitation of this method is the tendency for the imprinted patterns to relax ("slump"), leading to loss of pattern fidelity over time. While increasing temperature above glass transition temperature ( Tg) accelerates the slumping kinetics of neat films, we find that the addition of polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNP) can greatly enhance the thermal stability of these patterns. Specifically, increasing the concentration of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) grafted titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in the composite films slows down film relaxation dynamics, leading to enhanced pattern stability for the temperature range that we investigated. Interestingly, slumping relaxation time is found to obey an entropy-enthalpy compensation (EEC) relationship with varying PGNP concentration, similar to recently observed relaxation of strain-induced wrinkling in glassy polymer films having variable film thickness. The compensation temperature, Tcomp was found to be in the vicintity of the bulk Tg of PMMA. Our results suggest a common origin of EEC relaxation in patterned polymer thin films and nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Bhadauriya
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325 United States
| | - Xiaoteng Wang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325 United States
| | - Praveen Pitliya
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia 20059, United States
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Dharmaraj Raghavan
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia 20059, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Christopher M. Stafford
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325 United States
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Ammar LB, Fakhfakh S, Jbara O, Rondot S, Hadjadj A. Study of temperature effects on the electrical behavior of polypropylene-clay nanocomposites submitted to electron beam irradiation in a SEM. Micron 2017; 98:39-48. [PMID: 28364625 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Charge transport and electron emission properties in polypropylene and its nanocomposites filled with nanoclay particles submitted to an electron irradiation, in a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), are investigated using induced displacement and leakage currents. The measurements have been performed at various temperatures ranging from 20°C to 75°C at a primary beam energy of 20keV and a primary beam current of 1nA with the aim to highlight the effect of temperature and nanoclay content on these properties. The results show, at a given temperature, that the incorporation of clay in polypropylene (PP) matrix paradoxically leads to a concomitant increase in the electrical conductivity and the charge accumulated. In contrast, if the clay content is fixed, there is an increase in conductivity and a reduction of the charge accumulated when the temperature increases. The mobility of charge carriers and the corresponding activation energy are deduced from the measured leakage current during discharging step. The mobility was found to be an order of magnitude higher for the nanocomposites. The study of the influence of the temperature and nanoclay concentration on electron emission yield is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Ben Ammar
- LaMaCop, Faculté des sciences, University of Sfax, Route Soukra Km 3, BP 1171, C.P 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Fakhfakh
- LaMaCop, Faculté des sciences, University of Sfax, Route Soukra Km 3, BP 1171, C.P 3000 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Omar Jbara
- LISM, UFR Sciences, BP 1039, 51100 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Aomar Hadjadj
- LISM, UFR Sciences, BP 1039, 51100 Reims Cedex 2, France
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Tian D, Hu J, Bao J, Chandra RP, Saddler JN, Lu C. Lignin valorization: lignin nanoparticles as high-value bio-additive for multifunctional nanocomposites. Biotechnol Biofuels 2017; 10:192. [PMID: 28747994 PMCID: PMC5525242 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although conversion of low value but high-volume lignin by-product to its usable form is one of the determinant factors for building an economically feasible integrated lignocellulose biorefinery, it has been challenged by its structural complexity and inhomogeneity. We and others have shown that uniform lignin nanoparticles can be produced from a wide range of technical lignins, despite the varied lignocellulosic biomass and the pretreatment methods/conditions applied. This value-added nanostructure lignin enriched with multifunctional groups can be a promising versatile material platform for various downstream utilizations especially in the emerging nanocomposite fields. RESULTS Inspired by the story of successful production and application of nanocellulose biopolymer, two types of uniform lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were prepared through self-assembling of deep eutectic solvent (DES) and ethanol-organosolv extracted technical lignins derived from a two-stage fractionation pretreatment approach, respectively. Both LPNs exhibited sphere morphology with unique core-shell nanostructure, where the DES-LNPs showed a more uniform particle size distribution. When incorporated into the traditional polymeric matrix such as poly(vinyl alcohol), these LPN products displayed great potential to formulate a transparent nanocomposite film with additional UV-shielding efficacy (reached ~80% at 400 nm with 4 wt% of LNPs) and antioxidant functionalities (reached ~160 μm mol Trolox g-1 with 4 wt% of LNPs). At the same time, the abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups on the shell of LNPs also provided good interfacial adhesion with PVA matrix through the formation of hydrogen bonding network, which further improved the mechanical and thermal performances of the fabricated LNPs/PVA nanocomposite films. CONCLUSIONS Both LNPs are excellent candidates for producing multifunctional polymer nanocomposites using facile technical route. The prepared transparent and flexible LNPs/PVA composite films with high UV-shielding efficacy, antioxidant activity, and biocompatibility are promising in the advanced packaging field, which potentially provides an additional high-value lignin product stream to the lignocellulose biorefinery. This study could open the door for the production and application of novel LNPs in the nascent bioeconomy.Graphical abstractLignin nanoparticle for transparent nanocomposite film with UV-shielding efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 China
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Jinguang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 China
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 China
| | - Richard P. Chandra
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Jack N. Saddler
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Canhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
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Cai J, Zhang Y, Pan B, Zhang W, Lv L, Zhang Q. Efficient defluoridation of water using reusable nanocrystalline layered double hydroxides impregnated polystyrene anion exchanger. Water Res 2016; 102:109-116. [PMID: 27337346 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water decontamination from fluoride is still a challenging task of global concern. Recently, Al-based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been extensively studied for specific fluoride adsorption from water. Unfortunately, they cannot be readily applied in scaled-up application due to their ultrafine particles as well as the regeneration issues caused by their poor stability at alkaline pHs. Here, we developed a novel (LDH)-based hybrid adsorbent, i.e., LALDH-201, by impregnating nanocrystalline Li/Al LDHs (LADLH) inside a commercial polystyrene anion exchanger D201. TEM image and XRD spectra of the resultant nanocomposite confirmed that the LDHs particles were nanosized inside the pores of D201 of highly crystalline nature and well-ordered layer structure. After impregnation, the chemical and mechanical stability of LALDH were significantly improved against pH variation, facilitating its application at a wide pH range (3.5-12). Fluoride adsorption onto LALDH-201 was compared to D201 and activated alumina, evidencing the preferable removal fluoride of LALDH-201. Fluoride adsorption onto LALDH-201 followed pseudo-second-order model, with the maximum capacity (62.5 mg/g from the Sips model) much higher than the other two adsorbents. Fixed-bed adsorption run indicated the qualified treatable volume of the fluoride contaminated groundwater (4.1 mg/L initially) with LALDH-201 was about 11 times as much as with the anion exchanger D201 when the breakthrough point was set as 1.5 mg/L. The capacity of LALDH-201 could be effectively refreshed for continuous column operation without observable loss by using the mixed solution of 0.01 M NaOH + 1 M NaCl. The above results suggested that the hybrid adsorbent LALDH-201 is very promising for water defluoridation in scaled-up application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Weiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Quanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Lee PC, Su HN. Quantitative mapping of scientific research-The case of electrical conducting polymer nanocomposite. Technol Forecast Soc Change 2011; 78:132-151. [PMID: 32287409 PMCID: PMC7126463 DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to understand knowledge structure both quantitatively and visually by integrating keyword analysis and social network analysis of scientific papers. The methodology proposed in this study is capable of creating a three-dimensional "Research focus parallelship network" and a "Keyword Co-occurrence Network", together with a two-dimensional knowledge map. The network and knowledge map can be depicted differently by choosing different information for the network actor, i.e. country, institute, paper and keyword, to reflect knowledge structures from macro, to meso, to micro-levels. A total of 223 highly cited papers published by 142 institutes and 26 countries are analyzed in this study. China and the US are the two countries located at the core of knowledge structure and China is ranked no. 1. This quantitative exploration provides a way to unveil important or emerging components in scientific development and also to visualize knowledge; thus an objective evaluation of scientific research is possible for quantitative technology management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Lee
- SPRU, Science and Technology Policy Research, The Freeman Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QE, UK
- Graduate Institute of Technology and Innovation Management, National Chengchi University, No. 64, Sec. 2, Chih-nan Rd. Wenshan, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
- Science and Technology Policy Research and Information Center, National Applied Research laboratories, 14 F., No. 106, Sec. 2, He-Ping E. Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ning Su
- Science and Technology Policy Research and Information Center, National Applied Research laboratories, 14 F., No. 106, Sec. 2, He-Ping E. Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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