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Zhang Y, Xiao W, Wang M, Khan M, Liu JH. A C2H2-type zinc finger protein ZAT12 of Poncirus trifoliata acts downstream of CBF1 to regulate cold tolerance. Plant J 2024; 117:1317-1329. [PMID: 38017362 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The Cys2/His2 (C2H2)-type zinc finger family has been reported to regulate multiple aspects of plant development and abiotic stress response. However, the role of C2H2-type zinc finger proteins in cold tolerance remains largely unclear. Through RNA-sequence analysis, a cold-responsive zinc finger protein, named as PtrZAT12, was identified and isolated from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.), a cold-hardy plant closely related to citrus. Furthermore, we found that PtrZAT12 was markedly induced by various abiotic stresses, especially cold stress. PtrZAT12 is a nuclear protein, and physiological analysis suggests that overexpression of PtrZAT12 conferred enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants, while knockdown of PtrZAT12 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) increased the cold sensitivity of trifoliate orange and repressed expression of genes involved in stress tolerance. The promoter of PtrZAT12 harbors a DRE/CRT cis-acting element, which was verified to be specifically bound by PtrCBF1 (Poncirus trifoliata C-repeat BINDING FACTOR1). VIGS-mediated silencing of PtrCBF1 reduced the relative expression levels of PtrZAT12 and decreased the cold resistance of trifoliate orange. Based on these results, we propose that PtrZAT12 is a direct target of CBF1 and plays a positive role in modulation of cold stress tolerance. The knowledge gains new insight into a regulatory module composed of CBF1-ZAT12 in response to cold stress and advances our understanding of cold stress response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Madiha Khan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Asins MJ, Bullones A, Raga V, Romero-Aranda MR, Espinosa J, Triviño JC, Bernet GP, Traverso JA, Carbonell EA, Claros MG, Belver A. Combining Genetic and Transcriptomic Approaches to Identify Transporter-Coding Genes as Likely Responsible for a Repeatable Salt Tolerance QTL in Citrus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15759. [PMID: 37958745 PMCID: PMC10650496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive accumulation of chloride (Cl-) in leaves due to salinity is frequently related to decreased yield in citrus. Two salt tolerance experiments to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for leaf concentrations of Cl-, Na+, and other traits using the same reference progeny derived from the salt-tolerant Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni) and the disease-resistant donor Poncirus trifoliata were performed with the aim to identify repeatable QTLs that regulate leaf Cl- (and/or Na+) exclusion across independent experiments in citrus, as well as potential candidate genes involved. A repeatable QTL controlling leaf Cl- was detected in chromosome 6 (LCl-6), where 23 potential candidate genes coding for transporters were identified using the C. clementina genome as reference. Transcriptomic analysis revealed two important candidate genes coding for a member of the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF5.9) and a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) protein. Cell wall biosynthesis- and secondary metabolism-related processes appeared to play a significant role in differential gene expression in LCl-6. Six likely gene candidates were mapped in LCl-6, showing conserved synteny in C. reshni. In conclusion, markers to select beneficial Cleopatra mandarin alleles of likely candidate genes in LCl-6 to improve salt tolerance in citrus rootstock breeding programs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Asins
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Valencia, Spain; (V.R.)
| | - Amanda Bullones
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.B.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Veronica Raga
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Valencia, Spain; (V.R.)
| | - Maria R. Romero-Aranda
- Integrative Biology for Plant Stress Group, La Mayora Institute of Subtropical and Mediterranean Horticulture, IHSM-CSIC-UMA, 29750 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Jesus Espinosa
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ CSIC), C/Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain; (J.E.); (A.B.)
| | - Juan C. Triviño
- Sistemas Genómicos S.L., Ronda de Guglielmo Marconi, 6, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.C.T.); (G.P.B.)
| | - Guillermo P. Bernet
- Sistemas Genómicos S.L., Ronda de Guglielmo Marconi, 6, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (J.C.T.); (G.P.B.)
| | - Jose A. Traverso
- Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Emilio A. Carbonell
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), 46113 Valencia, Spain; (V.R.)
| | - M. Gonzalo Claros
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (A.B.); (M.G.C.)
- Integrative Biology for Plant Stress Group, La Mayora Institute of Subtropical and Mediterranean Horticulture, IHSM-CSIC-UMA, 29750 Malaga, Spain;
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) U741, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga (IBIMA), IBIMA-RARE, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Andres Belver
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ CSIC), C/Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain; (J.E.); (A.B.)
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Rubio L, Arruabarrena A, Salvo M, Castells M, Bertalmío A, Hernández-Rodríguez L, Benítez-Galeano MJ, Maeso D, Colina R, Rivas F. Biological and molecular characterization of a resistance-breaking isolate of citrus tristeza virus from Uruguay and its effects on Poncirus trifoliata growth performance. Arch Virol 2023; 168:123. [PMID: 36988730 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Resistance-breaking (RB) isolates of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) can replicate and move systemically in Poncirus trifoliata, a rootstock widely used for management of decline caused by CTV and other purposes. In Uruguay, severe CTV isolates are prevalent, and an RB isolate (designated as RB-UY1) was identified. In order to predict the implications of this genotype circulating in citrus crops grafted on trifoliate rootstocks, the aim of this work was to determine the biological and molecular characteristics of this isolate, the efficiency of its transmission by Toxoptera citricida, and its effects on plant growth performance of P. trifoliata. Our results show that RB-UY1 can be classified as a mild isolate, that it is phylogenetically associated with the RB1 group, and that it is efficiently transmitted by T. citrida. They also suggest that the RB-UY1 isolate should not affect the performance of citrus crops grafted on trifoliate rootstocks, although some growth parameters of P. trifoliata seedlings were affected four years after inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Rubio
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA Salto Grande. Camino al Terrible, Salto, CP 50000, Uruguay.
| | - Ana Arruabarrena
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA Salto Grande. Camino al Terrible, Salto, CP 50000, Uruguay
| | - Matías Salvo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA Salto Grande. Camino al Terrible, Salto, CP 50000, Uruguay
| | - Matías Castells
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte (CENUR Litoral Norte), Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, CP 50000, Uruguay
| | - Ana Bertalmío
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA Salto Grande. Camino al Terrible, Salto, CP 50000, Uruguay
| | - Lester Hernández-Rodríguez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA Salto Grande. Camino al Terrible, Salto, CP 50000, Uruguay
| | - María J Benítez-Galeano
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte (CENUR Litoral Norte), Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, CP 50000, Uruguay
| | - Diego Maeso
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA Salto Grande. Camino al Terrible, Salto, CP 50000, Uruguay
| | - Rodney Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte (CENUR Litoral Norte), Universidad de la República, Rivera 1350, Salto, CP 50000, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Rivas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA Salto Grande. Camino al Terrible, Salto, CP 50000, Uruguay
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Lamichhane G, Pandey J, Devkota HP. Bioactive Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Ponciri Fructus. Molecules 2022; 28:255. [PMID: 36615447 PMCID: PMC9821892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ponciri Fructus is a crude drug obtained from the dried immature fruits of Poncirus trifoliata (L). Raf. (Syn. Citrus trifoliata L.). This study aims to compile and analyze the ethnomedicinal uses, bioactive constituents, and pharmacological activities of Ponciri Fructus. Various online bibliographic databases namely, SciFinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were used for collecting information on traditional uses, biological activities, and bioactive constituents. Concerning ethnomedicinal uses, Ponciri Fructus is extensively used in traditional Korean, Chinese, and Kampo medicines to mitigate allergic reactions, inflammation, edema, digestive complications, respiratory problems, spleen-related problems, liver complications, neuronal pain, hyperlipidemia, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular problems, hernia, sinusitis, and insomnia. Several studies have shown that Ponciri Fructus is a major source of diverse classes of bioactive compounds namely flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, phytosterols, and alkaloids. Several in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activity evaluations such as antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimelanogenic, gastroprotective, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects have been conducted from Ponciri Fructus. However, scientific investigations focusing on bioassay-guided isolation and identification of specific bioactive constituents are limited. Therefore, an in-depth scientific investigation of Ponciri Fructus focusing on bioassay-guided isolation, mechanism based pharmacological studies, pharmacokinetic studies, and evaluation of possible toxicities is necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Lamichhane
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jitendra Pandey
- Department of Pharmacy, Crimson College of Technology, Pokhara University, Devinagar-11, Butwal 32900, Nepal
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Headquarters for Admissions and Education, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, 2-39-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
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Wang Y, Zuo L, Wei T, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ming R, Bachar D, Xiao W, Madiha K, Chen C, Fan Q, Li C, Liu JH. CHH methylation of genes associated with fatty acid and jasmonate biosynthesis contributes to cold tolerance in autotetraploids of Poncirus trifoliata. J Integr Plant Biol 2022; 64:2327-2343. [PMID: 36218272 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyploids have elevated stress tolerance, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. In this study, we showed that naturally occurring tetraploid plants of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) exhibited enhanced cold tolerance relative to their diploid progenitors. Transcriptome analysis revealed that whole-genome duplication was associated with higher expression levels of a range of well-characterized cold stress-responsive genes. Global DNA methylation profiling demonstrated that the tetraploids underwent more extensive DNA demethylation in comparison with the diploids under cold stress. CHH methylation in the promoters was associated with up-regulation of related genes, whereas CG, CHG, and CHH methylation in the 3'-regions was relevant to gene down-regulation. Of note, genes involved in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis in the tetraploids displayed different CHH methylation in the gene flanking regions and were prominently up-regulated, consistent with greater accumulation of UFAs and JA when exposed to the cold stress. Collectively, our findings explored the difference in cold stress response between diploids and tetraploids at both transcriptional and epigenetic levels, and gained new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced cold tolerance of the tetraploid. These results contribute to uncovering a novel regulatory role of DNA methylation in better cold tolerance of polyploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lanlan Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tonglu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruhong Ming
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dahro Bachar
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Khan Madiha
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanwu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Citrus Biology, Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qijun Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Citrus Biology, Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Chunlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Wei T, Guo D, Liu J. PtrMYB3, a R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor from Poncirus trifoliata, Negatively Regulates Salt Tolerance and Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1388. [PMID: 34573020 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYB transcription factors are widely present in plants and play significant roles in abiotic stresses. However, most MYB genes have not been identified in plants and their functions in abiotic stresses are still unknown. In this study, one MYB gene, designated as PtrMYB3, was cloned from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), and its function in salt tolerance was investigated. PtrMYB3 contains a conserved R2R3-MYB domain, which is the typical property of R2R3-MYB subfamily proteins. Expression profiling under abiotic stresses indicated that PtrMYB3 could be induced by salt, dehydration and cold stresses. PtrMYB3 was found to be localized to the nucleus and possessed transactivation activity. Overexpression of PtrMYB3 by genetic transformation in tobacco impaired its salt tolerance, whereas silencing of PtrMYB3 by VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) in trifoliate orange conferred significantly enhanced salt tolerance, indicating that PtrMYB3 negatively regulates salt tolerance. Furthermore, a peroxidase gene (PtrPOD) was found to be greatly upregulated in PtrMYB3-silenced trifoliate orange, and a dual LUC (luciferase) assay confirmed that PtrMYB3 could suppress the expression of PtrPOD. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in PtrMYB3 transgenic tobacco plants after salt stress was higher than the wild type (WT), further confirming that overexpression of PtrMYB3 inhibited PtrPOD-mediated H2O2 scavenging. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PtrMYB3 negatively regulates salt tolerance, at least in part, due to the excess accumulation of H2O2.
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Xiong J, Liu L, Ma X, Li F, Tang C, Li Z, Lü B, Zhou T, Lian X, Chang Y, Tang M, Xie S, Lu X. Characterization of PtAOS1 Promoter and Three Novel Interacting Proteins Responding to Drought in Poncirus trifoliata. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134705. [PMID: 32630273 PMCID: PMC7370134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) plays a crucial role in various biological processes including development, signal transduction and stress response. Allene oxide synthase (AOS) catalyzing (13S)-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid (13-HPOT) to an unstable allene oxide is involved in the first step of JA biosynthesis. Here, we isolated the PtAOS1 gene and its promoter from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata). PtAOS1 contains a putative chloroplast targeting sequence in N-terminal and shows relative to pistachio (Pistacia vera) AOS. A number of stress-, light- and hormone-related cis-elements were found in the PtAOS1 promoter which may be responsible for the up-regulation of PtAOS1 under drought and JA treatments. Transient expression in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) demonstrated that the P-532 (-532 to +1) fragment conferring drive activity was a core region in the PtAOS1 promoter. Using yeast one-hybrid, three novel proteins, PtDUF886, PtDUF1685 and PtRAP2.4, binding to P-532 were identified. The dual luciferase assay in tobacco illustrated that all three transcription factors could enhance PtAOS1 promoter activity. Genes PtDUF1685 and PtRAP2.4 shared an expression pattern which was induced significantly by drought stress. These findings should be available evidence for trifoliate orange responding to drought through JA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xiong
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (F.L.); (C.T.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (T.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (M.T.); (S.X.)
- National Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (F.L.); (C.T.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (T.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (M.T.); (S.X.)
- National Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ma
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (F.L.); (C.T.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (T.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (M.T.); (S.X.)
- National Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (F.L.); (C.T.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (T.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (M.T.); (S.X.)
- National Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha 410128, China
- Institute of Horticulture, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Chaolan Tang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (F.L.); (C.T.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (T.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (M.T.); (S.X.)
- National Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zehang Li
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (F.L.); (C.T.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (T.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (M.T.); (S.X.)
- National Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Biwen Lü
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (F.L.); (C.T.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (T.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (M.T.); (S.X.)
- National Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (F.L.); (C.T.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (T.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (M.T.); (S.X.)
- National Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xuefei Lian
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (F.L.); (C.T.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (T.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (M.T.); (S.X.)
- National Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (F.L.); (C.T.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (T.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (M.T.); (S.X.)
- National Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengjing Tang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (F.L.); (C.T.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (T.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (M.T.); (S.X.)
- National Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shenxi Xie
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (F.L.); (C.T.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (T.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (M.T.); (S.X.)
- National Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaopeng Lu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (J.X.); (L.L.); (X.M.); (F.L.); (C.T.); (Z.L.); (B.L.); (T.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.C.); (M.T.); (S.X.)
- National Centre for Citrus Improvement, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-0731-84618171
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Endo T, Fujii H, Omura M, Shimada T. Fast-track breeding system to introduce CTV resistance of trifoliate orange into citrus germplasm, by integrating early flowering transgenic plants with marker-assisted selection. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:224. [PMID: 32429838 PMCID: PMC7238647 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global warming will expand the range of new and invasive pathogens in orchards, and subsequently increase the risk of disease epidemics and economic losses. The development of new resistant plant varieties can help to reduce the impact of pathogens, however, the breeding speed can be extremely slow, due to the growth rates of the plants, and the availability of resistance genes. Citrus trees are suffering immense damage from serious diseases such as citrus canker (XCC), huanglongbing (HLB), and citrus tristeza virus (CTV). A fast-track breeding system, that aimed at shortening the duration for disease resistance breeding by incorporating the resistance genes from related species to commercial varieties, has been developed using the integration of precocious transgenic trifoliate orange with the overexpression of CiFT and MAS. It was applied here to incorporate CTV resistance of trifoliate orange into citrus germplasm. RESULTS One generation of backcrossed breeding, that would normally take at least 5 years, was achieved in a single year by fast-track breeding system. Linkage analysis using the corresponding DNA markers revealed that CTV resistance and T-DNA integrated regions were found in different linkage groups, and they were independently segregated in the BC progenies. The CTV resistant null segregants, in which the T-DNA integrated region was removed from their genome, were feasibly obtained by MAS in each generation of the BC progenies, and their CTV resistance was confirmed by immunological analysis. Several BC3 null segregants, whose genetic backgrounds had been substituted into citrus germplasm, except for the haplotype block of CTV resistance, were successfully obtained. CGH and NGS analyses revealed that the T-DNA integrated region was safely segregated out in null segregants. CONCLUSION Fast-track breeding systems are expected to shorten the required breeding time by more than one-fifth in comparison with conventional cross breeding techniques. Using this system, we obtained BC3-8, whose genetic background was successfully substituted except for the CTV resistance locus, and could be a novel mandarin breeding material. The fast-track breeding system will be useful to introduce important traits from related species to citrus germplasm while also drastically reducing the time required for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Endo
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Fruit and Tea Tree Science (NIFTS), Shizuoka, Shimizu 424-0292 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Fruit and Tea Tree Science (NIFTS), Shizuoka, Shimizu 424-0292 Japan
| | - Mitsuo Omura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Suruga 422-8529 Japan
| | - Takehiko Shimada
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Fruit and Tea Tree Science (NIFTS), Shizuoka, Shimizu 424-0292 Japan
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Kawahara Y, Endo T, Omura M, Teramoto Y, Itoh T, Fujii H, Shimada T. Mikan Genome Database (MiGD): integrated database of genome annotation, genomic diversity, and CAPS marker information for mandarin molecular breeding. Breed Sci 2020; 70:200-211. [PMID: 32523402 PMCID: PMC7272249 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.19097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Citrus species are some of the most valuable and widely consumed fruits globally. The genome sequences of representative citrus (e.g., Citrus clementina, C. sinensis, C. grandis) species have been released but the research base for mandarin molecular breeding is still poor. We assembled the genomes of Citrus unshiu and Poncirus trifoliata, two important species for citrus industry in Japan, using hybrid de novo assembly of Illumina and PacBio sequence data, and developed the Mikan Genome Database (MiGD). The assembled genome sizes of C. unshiu and P. trifoliata are 346 and 292 Mb, respectively, similar to those of citrus species in public databases; they are predicted to possess 41,489 and 34,333 protein-coding genes in their draft genome sequences, with 9,642 and 8,377 specific genes when compared to C. clementina, respectively. MiGD is an integrated database of genome annotation, genetic diversity, and Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) marker information, with these contents being mutually linked by genes. MiGD facilitates access to genome sequences of interest from previously reported linkage maps through CAPS markers and obtains polymorphism information through the multiple genome browser TASUKE. The genomic resources in MiGD (https://mikan.dna.affrc.go.jp) could provide valuable information for mandarin molecular breeding in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kawahara
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Advanced Analysis Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | - Tomoko Endo
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute of Fruit and Tea Tree Science, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Omura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Suruga, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yumiko Teramoto
- IMSBIO Co., Ltd., Owl Tower 6F, 4-21-1, Higashi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0013, Japan
| | - Takeshi Itoh
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Advanced Analysis Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute of Fruit and Tea Tree Science, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Takehiko Shimada
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute of Fruit and Tea Tree Science, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
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Zou YN, Zhang F, Srivastava AK, Wu QS, Kuča K. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Regulate Polyamine Homeostasis in Roots of Trifoliate Orange for Improved Adaptation to Soil Moisture Deficit Stress. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:600792. [PMID: 33510746 PMCID: PMC7835339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.600792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance the tolerance of plants against soil moisture deficit stress (SMDS), but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Polyamines (PAs) as low-molecular-weight, aliphatic polycations have strong roles in abiotic stress tolerance of plants. We aimed to investigate the effect of AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) inoculation on PAs, PA precursors, activities of PA synthases and degrading enzymes, and concentration of reactive oxygen species in the roots of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) subjected to 15 days of SMDS. Leaf water potential and total chlorophyll levels were comparatively higher in AMF-inoculated than in non-AMF-treated plants exposed to SMDS. Mycorrhizal plants recorded a significantly higher concentration of precursors of PA synthesis such as L-ornithine, agmatine, and S-adenosyl methionine, besides higher putrescine and cadaverine and lower spermidine during the 15 days of SMDS. AMF colonization raised the PA synthase (arginine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, spermidine synthase, and spermine synthase) activities and PA-degrading enzymes (copper-containing diamine oxidase and FAD-containing polyamine oxidase) in response to SMDS. However, mycorrhizal plants showed a relatively lower degree of membrane lipid peroxidation, superoxide anion free radical, and hydrogen peroxide than non-mycorrhizal plants, whereas the difference between them increased linearly up to 15 days of SMDS. Our study concluded that AMF regulated PA homeostasis in roots of trifoliate orange to tolerate SMDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ning Zou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | | | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Qiang-Sheng Wu,
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
- Kamil Kuča.
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11
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Heo Y, Cho Y, Ju KS, Cho H, Park KH, Choi H, Yoon JK, Moon C, Kim YB. Antiviral activity of Poncirus trifoliata seed extract against oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus. J Microbiol 2018; 56:586-92. [PMID: 30047088 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of oseltamivir-resistant variants of influenza virus has highlighted the necessity for the development of more effective novel antiviral drugs. To date, numerous researchers have focused on developing antiviral drugs using natural resources, such as traditional herbal medicines. Poncirus trifoliata is widely used in oriental medicine as a remedy for gastritis, dysentery, inflammation and digestive ulcers. In this study, we investigated the potential antiviral effect of the Poncirus trifoliata orange seed extract against influenza virus. An ethanol extract of Poncirus trifoliata seeds (PTex) inhibited the activity of influenza viruses, in particular, oseltamivir- resistant strains, in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. In contrast to oseltamivir, PTex exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the cellular penetration pathway of the virus rather than HA receptor binding. The potent antiviral effect and novel working mechanism of PTex support its further development as an effective natural antiviral drug with a wide spectrum of activity against influenza and oseltamivir-resistant viruses.
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Lima RPM, Curtolo M, Merfa MV, Cristofani-Yaly M, Machado MA. QTLs and eQTLs mapping related to citrandarins' resistance to citrus gummosis disease. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:516. [PMID: 29969985 PMCID: PMC6031180 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan (Phytophthora parasitica Dastur) causes severe damage to citrus crops worldwide. A population of citrandarins was created from the cross between the susceptible parent Citrus sunki Hort. Ex Tan. and the resistant parent Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. cv. Rubidoux, both parents and two reference rootstocks (Rangpur lime and Swingle citrumelo) were grafted in a greenhouse on Rangpur lime. Inoculations were performed at 10 cm and 15 cm above the grafting region and the resulting lesions were evaluated by measuring the lesion length 60 days after inoculation. As control, non-inoculated plants of each genotype were used. In addition, we evaluated the expression of 19 candidate genes involved in citrus defense response 48 h after pathogen infection by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR). We mapped genomic regions of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTLs) associated with resistance to P. parasitica in the linkage groups (LGs) of the previously constructed maps of C. sunki and P. trifoliata. Results We found disease severity differences among the generated hybrids, with lesion lengths varying from 1.15 to 11.13 mm. The heritability of the character was 65%. These results indicate that there is a great possibility of success in the selection of resistant hybrids within this experiment. The analysis of gene expression profile demonstrated a great variation of responses regarding the activation of plant defense pathways, indicating that citrandarins have several defense strategies to control oomycete infection. The information of the phenotypic and gene expression data made possible to detect genomic regions associated with resistance. Three QTLs and 84 eQTLs were detected in the linkage map of P. trifoliata, while one QTL and 110 eQTLs were detected in C. sunki. Conclusions This is the first study to use eQTLs mapping in the Phytophthora-citrus interaction. Our results from the QTLs and eQTLs mapping allow us to conclude that the resistance of some citrandarins to the infection by P. parasitica is due to a favorable combination of QTLs and eQTLs transmitted by both parents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4888-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo P M Lima
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), CP 04, Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-970, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Caixa Postal 510, CEP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Maiara Curtolo
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), CP 04, Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-970, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Merfa
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), CP 04, Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-970, Brazil.,Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Mariângela Cristofani-Yaly
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), CP 04, Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-970, Brazil.
| | - Marcos A Machado
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), CP 04, Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-970, Brazil
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Zhang X, Wang W, Wang M, Zhang HY, Liu JH. The miR396b of Poncirus trifoliata Functions in Cold Tolerance by Regulating ACC Oxidase Gene Expression and Modulating Ethylene-Polyamine Homeostasis. Plant Cell Physiol 2016; 57:1865-78. [PMID: 27402968 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding regulatory molecules that play important roles in a variety of biological processes. Although a number of cold-responsive miRNAs have been computationally identified, functions and mechanisms of most miRNAs are not well understood. Herein, the function of trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] miRNA396b (ptr-miR396b) in cold tolerance and its potential regulatory module were investigated. Compared with the wild type (WT), transgenic lemon (Citrus limon) plants overexpressing ptr-MIR396b, the precursor of ptr-miR396b, displayed enhanced cold tolerance. Ptr-miR396b was experimentally confirmed to guide the cleavage of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO). The overexpressing lines exhibited a reduction in ACO transcript levels and ethylene content compared with the WT, and the expression pattern of ACO was opposite to that of ptr-miR396b in response to cold stress. In addition, the transgenic lines exhibited higher levels of free polyamines and mRNA abundance of polyamine biosynthetic genes than WT plants under cold treatment, consistent with reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the former. Taken together, this study demonstrates that ptr-miR396b positively regulates cold tolerance through reducing ACO transcript levels, thereby repressing ethylene synthesis and simultaneously promoting polyamine synthesis, leading to enhanced ROS scavenging. Identification of the ptr-miR396b-ACO regulatory module provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the reduction of ethylene production under cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Jia S, Gao Z, Yan S, Chen Y, Sun C, Li X, Chen K. Anti-Obesity and Hypoglycemic Effects of Poncirus trifoliata L. Extracts in High-Fat Diet C57BL/6 Mice. Molecules 2016; 21:453. [PMID: 27058520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the possible anti-obesity and hypoglycemic effects of Poncirus trifoliata L. extracts. Mature fruit were divided into flavedo (PF) and juice sacs (PJ), and extracts from them were tested on C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for thirteen weeks. Both fruit extracts (40 mg/kg body weight, respectively) showed anti-obesity and hypoglycemic effects. Consumption of PF and PJ extracts reduced body weight by 9.21% and 20.27%, respectively. Liver and adipose weights, fasting glucose, serum triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels decreased significantly, while serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and oral glucose tolerance levels increased significantly in response to two fruit extracts. These effects were due in part to the modulation of serum insulin, leptin, and adiponectin. Furthermore, transcript levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) were reduced while those of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT1α) and insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) were increased in the liver of C57BL/6 mice, which might be an important mechanism affecting lipid and glucose metabolism. Taken together, P. trifoliata fruit can be potentially used to prevent or treat obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Dahro B, Wang F, Peng T, Liu JH. PtrA/NINV, an alkaline/neutral invertase gene of Poncirus trifoliata, confers enhanced tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses by modulating ROS levels and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency. BMC Plant Biol 2016. [PMID: 27025596 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkaline/neutral invertase (A/N-INV), an enzyme that hydrolyzes sucrose irreversibly into glucose and fructose, is essential for normal plant growth,development, and stress tolerance. However, the physiological and/or molecular mechanism underpinning the role of A/N-INV in abiotic stress tolerance is poorly understood. RESULTS In this report, an A/N-INV gene (PtrA/NINV) was isolated from Poncirus trifoliata, a cold-hardy relative of citrus, and functionally characterized. PtrA/NINV expression levels were induced by cold, salt, dehydration, sucrose, and ABA, but decreased by glucose. PtrA/NINV was found to localize in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Overexpression of PtrA/NINV conferred enhanced tolerance to multiple stresses, including cold, high salinity, and drought, as supported by lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced oxidative damages, decreased water loss rate, and increased photosynthesis efficiency, relative to wild-type (WT). The transgenic plants exhibited higher A/N-INV activity and greater reducing sugar content under normal and stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS PtrA/NINV is an important gene implicated in sucrose decomposition, and plays a positive role in abiotic stress tolerance by promoting osmotic adjustment, ROS detoxification and photosynthesis efficiency. Thus, PtrA/NINV has great potential to be used in transgenic breeding for improvement of stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachar Dahro
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Dahro B, Wang F, Peng T, Liu JH. PtrA/NINV, an alkaline/neutral invertase gene of Poncirus trifoliata, confers enhanced tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses by modulating ROS levels and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency. BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16:76. [PMID: 27025596 PMCID: PMC4812658 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkaline/neutral invertase (A/N-INV), an enzyme that hydrolyzes sucrose irreversibly into glucose and fructose, is essential for normal plant growth,development, and stress tolerance. However, the physiological and/or molecular mechanism underpinning the role of A/N-INV in abiotic stress tolerance is poorly understood. RESULTS In this report, an A/N-INV gene (PtrA/NINV) was isolated from Poncirus trifoliata, a cold-hardy relative of citrus, and functionally characterized. PtrA/NINV expression levels were induced by cold, salt, dehydration, sucrose, and ABA, but decreased by glucose. PtrA/NINV was found to localize in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Overexpression of PtrA/NINV conferred enhanced tolerance to multiple stresses, including cold, high salinity, and drought, as supported by lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced oxidative damages, decreased water loss rate, and increased photosynthesis efficiency, relative to wild-type (WT). The transgenic plants exhibited higher A/N-INV activity and greater reducing sugar content under normal and stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS PtrA/NINV is an important gene implicated in sucrose decomposition, and plays a positive role in abiotic stress tolerance by promoting osmotic adjustment, ROS detoxification and photosynthesis efficiency. Thus, PtrA/NINV has great potential to be used in transgenic breeding for improvement of stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachar Dahro
- />Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- />Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
| | - Fei Wang
- />Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Ting Peng
- />Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- />Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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Han HY, Ryu MH, Son Y, Lee G, Jeong SH, Kim H. Poncirus trifoliata Rafin. induces the apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer cells via activation of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S237-43. [PMID: 26664011 PMCID: PMC4653333 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.166056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Poncirus trifoliata Rafin. is a traditional medicine with known anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Traditionally, it is used to control chronic inflammation, allergy and gastrointestinal diseases such as digestive ulcers gastritis in China, Japan, and Korea. Objectives: To evaluate the apoptosis-inducing activity of a P. trifoliata methanol extract (MEPT) and elucidate the molecular mechanisms. Materials and Methods: The anti-cancer effect of MEPT and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in breast cancer cells using 3,4,5-dimethyl N-methylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5-d-phenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, cell cycle analysis, and western blotting. Results: MEPT suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells with inhibition dose 50% value of 119.44 μg/mL at 24 h, which have features typical of triple-negative breast cancer cells. MEPT also altered the characteristic features of the MDA-MB-231 cells and increased the proportion of cells undergoing sub-G1 arrest. In addition, MEPT increased levels of caspase 8 and 3 in MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas caspase 9 was not detected. In addition, MEPT-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) and TNFR type 1-associated death domain (TRADD) protein and the activations of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). Conclusion: Our results indicate that MEPT has chemotherapeutic potential in triple-negative breast cancer and that at the molecular level its effects are derived from the activations of TNFR and of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of translational Dental Sciences, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Mi Heon Ryu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of translational Dental Sciences, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yonghae Son
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Guemsan Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang, University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Jeong
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
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Zhang Q, Wang M, Hu J, Wang W, Fu X, Liu JH. PtrABF of Poncirus trifoliata functions in dehydration tolerance by reducing stomatal density and maintaining reactive oxygen species homeostasis. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:5911-27. [PMID: 26116025 PMCID: PMC4566982 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid-responsive element (ABRE)-binding factors (ABFs) play important roles in abiotic stress responses; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, it is reported that overexpression of Poncirus trifoliata PtrABF significantly enhanced dehydration tolerance. The transgenic lines displayed smaller stomatal apertures, reduced stomatal density/index, and lower expression levels of genes associated with stomatal development. PtrABF was found to interact with PtrICE1, a homologue of ICE1 (Inducer of CBF Expression 1) that has been shown to be critical for stomatal development. Microarray analysis revealed that a total of 70 genes were differentially expressed in the transgenic line, 42 induced and 28 repressed. At least two units of ABREs and coupling elements were present in the promoters of most of the induced genes, among which peroxidase and arginine decarboxylase were verified as bona fide targets of PtrABF. Transgenic plants exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activities and free polyamine levels, but lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde. Polyamines were revealed to be associated with ROS scavenging in the transgenic plants due to a modulation of antioxidant enzymes triggered by signalling mediated by H2O2 derived from polyamine oxidase (PAO)-mediated catabolism. Taken together, the results indicate that PtrABF functions positively in dehydration tolerance by limiting water loss through its influence on stomatal movement or formation and maintaining ROS homeostasis via modulation of antioxidant enzymes and polyamines through transcriptional regulation of relevant target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianbing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xingzheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Peng T, Jia MM, Liu JH. RNAi-based functional elucidation of PtrPRP, a gene encoding a hybrid proline rich protein, in cold tolerance of Poncirus trifoliata. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:808. [PMID: 26483822 PMCID: PMC4587090 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid proline-rich proteins (HyPRPs) have been suggested to play important roles in various plant development and stress response. In this study, we report the cloning and functional analysis of PtrPRP, a HyPRP-encoding gene of Poncirus trifoliata. PtrPRP contains 176 amino acids, among which 21% are proline residues, and has an 8-cysteine motif (8 CM) domain at the C terminal, a signal peptide and a proline-rich region at the N terminal. PtrPRP is constitutively expressed in root, stem and leaf, with the highest expression levels in leaf. It was progressively induced by cold, but transiently upregulated by salt and ABA. Transgenic P. trifoliata plants with knock-down PtrPRP by RNA interference (RNAi) were generated to investigate the role of PtrPRP in cold tolerance. When challenged by low temperature, the PtrPRP-RNAi plants displayed more sensitive performance compared with wild type (WT), as shown by higher electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content. In addition, the RNAi lines accumulated more reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lower levels of proline relative to WT. These results suggested that PtrPRP might be positively involved in cold tolerance by maintaining membrane integrity and ROS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, WuhanChina
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, GanzhouChina
| | - Mao-Mao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, WuhanChina
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, WuhanChina
- *Correspondence: Ji-Hong Liu, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,
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Papa F, Maggi F, Cianfaglione K, Sagratini G, Caprioli G, Vittori S. Volatile profiles of flavedo, pulp and seeds in Poncirus trifoliata fruits. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:2874-2887. [PMID: 24578252 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poncirus trifoliata, also known as trifoliate orange, is a tree native to China and Korea and widely used all over the world as a rootstock breeding material. In this study the differences among the volatile profiles of flavedo, pulp and seeds from two cultivars (var. trifoliata and var. monstrosa) grown in Italy (Marche, Abruzzo and Sicily) were determined. Headspace solid phase microextraction and hydrodistillation techniques were used in combination with GC/FID and GC/MS to obtain the volatile profiles of the samples. RESULTS Both techniques permitted the differentiation of fruit parts based on the main volatile components: the flavedo was characterized by monoterpene hydrocarbons such as limonene and myrcene, the seeds were characterized by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons such as (E)-caryophyllene and germacrene D, while the pulp showed an intermediate composition. The main differences in volatile profiles obtained by the two techniques were analyzed by chemometric techniques such as principal component analysis. CONCLUSION The study did not highlight significant differences in volatiles between the two cultivars of trifoliate orange, while few differences in the number of volatiles in the fruit parts were revealed by the two techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Papa
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, I-62032, Camerino, Italy
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Gong X, Zhang J, Liu JH. A stress responsive gene of Fortunella crassifolia FcSISP functions in salt stress resistance. Plant Physiol Biochem 2014; 83:10-9. [PMID: 25054478 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of genes functioning in salt tolerance is crucial for generating transgenic plants with enhanced salt tolerance. In this study, we report the isolation and functional characterization of a stress-responsive gene FcSISP from Meiwa kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia). FcSISP encodes a putative protein of 47 amino acids, with a calculated molecular mass of 4.94 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point of 3.76, and was localized in the nucleus. Transcript levels of FcSISP were induced by dehydration, cold, salt and bacterium causing citrus canker, and hormones (salicylic acid and abscisic acid), with the greatest induction under salt treatment. Overexpression of FcSISP in tobacco (Nicotiana nudicaulis) conferred enhanced salt tolerance. The transgenic lines accumulated lower Na(+) contents, leading to reduced Na/K ratio, but accumulated more proline than the wild type (WT). Steady state mRNA levels of genes involved in Na(+) exchange (three SOS genes and three NHX genes) and proline synthesis (P5CS and P5CR) were higher in the transgenic lines in comparison with WT. Moreover, overexpression of FcSISP in trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], a widely-used and salt-sensitive citrus rootstock, led to elevated salt tolerance. Taken together, the data demonstrate that FcSISP plays a positive role in salt tolerance and that it holds a great potential for engineering salt tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Sun P, Zhu X, Huang X, Liu JH. Overexpression of a stress-responsive MYB transcription factor of Poncirus trifoliata confers enhanced dehydration tolerance and increases polyamine biosynthesis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2014; 78:71-9. [PMID: 24636909 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
MYBs are an important family of transcription factors that play significant roles in plant development and stress response in plants. However, knowledge concerning the functions of MYBs in the non-model plants and the target genes is still limited. In this study, we isolated a stress-responsive R2R3-type MYB gene from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), designated as PtsrMYB. PtsrMYB shares the highest degree of identity with AtMYB109. Subcellular localization using onion epidermal cells indicates that PtsrMYB is localized in the nucleus. Transcript levels of PtsrMYB were up-regulated by abiotic stresses such as dehydration, salt, cold and ABA treatment. Overexpression of PtsrMYB in tobacco confers enhanced dehydration tolerance, as indicated by less water loss, lower levels of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. The transgenic tobacco lines displayed higher mRNA levels of two arginine decarboxylase (ADC) genes before and after dehydration treatment when compared with the wild type, concurrent with the greater levels of polyamines. Several MYB-recognizing cis-acting elements exist on the promoters of PtADC gene. Yeast one-hybrid assay demonstrated that PtsrMYB predominantly interact with two regions of the promoter, indicating the PtADC may be a target gene of PtsrMYB. Take together, PtsrMYB plays a positive role in dehydration tolerance, which may be, at least in part, due to the modulation of polyamine synthesis by regulating the ADC gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaosan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Shangguan L, Song C, Han J, Leng X, Kibet KN, Mu Q, Kayesh E, Fang J. Characterization of regulatory mechanism of Poncirus trifoliata microRNAs on their target genes with an integrated strategy of newly developed PPM-RACE and RLM-RACE. Gene 2014; 535:42-52. [PMID: 24275346 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation that involved various biological and metabolic processes. Many extensive studies have been done in model plant species, to discover miRNAs' regulating expression of their target genes and analyze their functions. But, the function of Poncirus trifoliata miRNAs has not been properly investigated. In this study, we employed the RNA ligase-mediated 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE) and the newly developed method called poly (A) polymerase-mediated 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (PPM-RACE), which mapped the cleavage site of target mRNAs and detected expression patterns of cleaved fragments that could in turn indicate the regulatory functions of the miRNAs on their target genes. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal expression levels of target genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR, with exhibiting different expression trends from their corresponding miRNAs, thus indicating the cleavage mode of miRNAs on their target genes. The expression patterns of miRNAs, their target mRNAs and cleaved target mRNAs in different organs of juvenile and adult trifoliate orange were studied. The results showed that the expression of miRNAs and their target mRNAs was in a trade-off trend. When the miRNA expression was high, its corresponding target mRNA expression was low, while the cleaved target mRNA expression was high; when the miRNA expression was low, its target mRNA expression was high, while the expression of cleaved target mRNAs follows that of the miRNA. The validation of the cleavage site of target mRNAs and the detection of expression patterns of cleaved fragments can further broaden the knowledge of small RNA-mediated regulation in P. trifoliate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Shangguan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Changnian Song
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jian Han
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xiangpeng Leng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Korir Nicholas Kibet
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qian Mu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Emrul Kayesh
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Inserra RN, O'Bannon JH, Keen WM. Host Status of Citrus and Citrus Relatives to Tylenchulus graminis. J Nematol 1989; 21:661-665. [PMID: 19287668 PMCID: PMC2618986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies were conducted on the host suitability of four citrus rootstocks--rough lemon (Citrus limon), sour orange (C. aurantium), trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata cv. Argentina), and Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi x P. trifoliata)--to Tylenchulus graminis which was previously considered a "grass" race of T. semipenetrans. In an uncultivated field, sour orange seedlings grown with T. graminis-infected broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus) were not infected with this nematode after 18-month's exposure to T. graminis population densities ranging from < 0.01 to 0.4 second-stage juveniles (J2)/cm(3) soil. In a greenhouse test, two T. graminis populations from two Florida locations did not infect sour orange seedlings grown for 2 years in soil naturally infested with 0.3 and 1.3 J2/cm(3). Rough lemon, trifoliate orange, and Swingle citrumelo seedlings suppressed T. graminis initial population densities of 7 to final values of < 0.1 J2/cm(3) soil. Final values of > 70.0 J2/cm(3) occurred in soil with broomsedge. These findings provide conclusive evidence that T. graminis is a specific parasite of grasses and does not infect citrus.
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Inserra RN, Vovlas N, O'Bannon JH. A Classification of Tylenchulus semipenetrans Biotypes. J Nematol 1980; 12:283-287. [PMID: 19300704 PMCID: PMC2618030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of two biotypes of the citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) in Italian citrus and olive orchards has been confirmed by comparing host specificity. Host reaction to California biotypes C1 and C3 and to three populations from Arizona, Texas, and Florida indicates that of these five United States biotypes, all except C3 consistently fit biotype C1. These findings, and the results of host-range studies in other countries, show that four biotypes of T. semipenetrans are distributed worldwide: the "Poncirus biotype," the "Citrus biotype," the "Mediterranean biotype," and the "Grass biotype."
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Inserra RN, Perrotta G, Vovlas N, Catara A. Reaction of citrus rootstocks to Meloidogyne javanica. J Nematol 1978; 10:181-184. [PMID: 19305835 PMCID: PMC2617879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of Citrus spp. and related rootstocks to a population of Meloidogyne javanica was evaluated in a screenhouse experiment. Palestine and Rangpur lime, rough lemon, sour orange, Sexton and Thentriton tangelo, and Volkamer lemon were not infected by M. javanica. Galls and tip swellings were observed on the roots of Poncirus triloliata and Troyer citrange. There was no evidence of nematode development. Symptoms induced by the nematode were stelar division, syncytia formation in the vascular tissues, and necrotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Inserra
- Agricultural Nematology Laboratory, Consiglio Nazionale per le Ricerche, Bari. Italy
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