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Thatcher TH, Freeberg MAT, Myo YPA, Sime PJ. Is there a role for specialized pro-resolving mediators in pulmonary fibrosis? Pharmacol Ther 2023:108460. [PMID: 37244406 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrotic diseases are characterized by proliferation of lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Depending on the specific form of lung fibrosis, there can be progressive scarring of the lung, leading in some cases to respiratory failure and/or death. Recent and ongoing research has demonstrated that resolution of inflammation is an active process regulated by families of small bioactive lipid mediators termed "specialized pro-resolving mediators." While there are many reports of beneficial effects of SPMs in animal and cell culture models of acute and chronic inflammatory and immune diseases, there have been fewer reports investigating SPMs and fibrosis, especially pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we will review evidence that resolution pathways are impaired in interstitial lung disease, and that SPMs and other similar bioactive lipid mediators can inhibit fibroblast proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, and accumulation of excess extracellular matrix in cell culture and animal models of pulmonary fibrosis, and we will consider future therapeutic implications of SPMs in fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Thatcher
- Division of Pulmonary Care and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Margaret A T Freeberg
- Division of Pulmonary Care and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yu Par Aung Myo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Division of Pulmonary Care and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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2
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Simopoulos AP, Serhan CN, Bazinet RP. The need for precision nutrition, genetic variation and resolution in Covid-19 patients. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 77:100943. [PMID: 33551236 PMCID: PMC7843119 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The health of the individual and the population in general is the result of interaction between genetics and various environmental factors, of which diet/nutrition is the most important. The focus of this paper is on the association of high n-6 PUFA or low n-3 PUFA due to genetic variation and/or dietary intake, with changes in specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), cytokine storm, inflammation-resolution and Covid-19. Human beings evolved on a diet that was balanced in the n-6 and n-3 essential fatty acids with a ratio of n-6/n-3 of 1-2/1 whereas today this ratio is 16/1. Such a high ratio due to high amounts of n-6 fatty acids leads to a prothrombotic and proinflammatory state and is associated with obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some forms of cancer. In addition to the high intake of n-6 fatty acids that increases inflammation there is genetic variation in the biosynthesis of n-6 linoleic acid (LA) to arachidonic acid (ARA) and of linolenic (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Present day humans have two common FADS haplotypes that differ dramatically in their ability to generate long-chain fatty acids. The more efficient, evolutionary derived haplotype increases the efficiency of synthesizing essential long-chain fatty acids from precursors and could have provided an advantage in environments with limited access to dietary long-chain fatty acids ARA, EPA and DHA. In the modern world this haplotype has been associated with lifestyle-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, all of which are characterized by increased levels of inflammation. African Americans and Latino populations have increased susceptibility and higher death rates from SARS-CoV-2 than whites. These populations are characterized by increased numbers of persons (about 80%) that are fast metabolizers, leading to increased production of ARA, as well as poor intake of fruits and vegetables. The combinations of fast metabolism and high n-6 intake increases their inflammatory status and possibly susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2. In vitro and human studies indicate that the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) produced from the n-3, EPA and DHA influence the resolution of inflammation, allowing the tissues to return to function and homeostasis. The SPMs each counter-regulate cytokine storms, as well as proinflammatory lipid mediators via NFκB and inflammasome down regulation and reduce the proinflammatory eicosanoids produced from ARA. The nutritional availability of dietary n-3 fatty acids from marine oils enriched with SPM intermediate precursors, along with increasing local biosynthesis of SPMs to functional concentrations may be an approach of value during SARS-CoV2 infections, as well as in prevention, and shortening their recovery from infections. It is evident that populations differ in their genetic variants and their frequencies and their interactions with the food they eat. Gene-nutrient interactions is a very important area of study that provides specific dietary advice for individuals and subgroups within a population in the form of Precision Nutrition. Nutritional science needs to focus on Precision Nutrition, genetic variants in the population and a food supply composed of Nutrients that have been part of our diet throughout evolution, which is the diet that our genes are programmed to respond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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3
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Serhan CN, Gupta SK, Perretti M, Godson C, Brennan E, Li Y, Soehnlein O, Shimizu T, Werz O, Chiurchiù V, Azzi A, Dubourdeau M, Gupta SS, Schopohl P, Hoch M, Gjorgevikj D, Khan FM, Brauer D, Tripathi A, Cesnulevicius K, Lescheid D, Schultz M, Särndahl E, Repsilber D, Kruse R, Sala A, Haeggström JZ, Levy BD, Filep JG, Wolkenhauer O. The Atlas of Inflammation Resolution (AIR). Mol Aspects Med 2020; 74:100894. [PMID: 32893032 PMCID: PMC7733955 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a protective reaction by the immune system in response to invading pathogens or tissue damage. Ideally, the response should be localized, self-limited, and returning to homeostasis. If not resolved, acute inflammation can result in organ pathologies leading to chronic inflammatory phenotypes. Acute inflammation and inflammation resolution are complex coordinated processes, involving a number of cell types, interacting in space and time. The biomolecular complexity and the fact that several biomedical fields are involved, make a multi- and interdisciplinary approach necessary. The Atlas of Inflammation Resolution (AIR) is a web-based resource capturing an essential part of the state-of-the-art in acute inflammation and inflammation resolution research. The AIR provides an interface for users to search thousands of interactions, arranged in inter-connected multi-layers of process diagrams, covering a wide range of clinically relevant phenotypes. By mapping experimental data onto the AIR, it can be used to elucidate drug action as well as molecular mechanisms underlying different disease phenotypes. For the visualization and exploration of information, the AIR uses the Minerva platform, which is a well-established tool for the presentation of disease maps. The molecular details of the AIR are encoded using international standards. The AIR was created as a freely accessible resource, supporting research and education in the fields of acute inflammation and inflammation resolution. The AIR connects research communities, facilitates clinical decision making, and supports research scientists in the formulation and validation of hypotheses. The AIR is accessible through https://air.bio.informatik.uni-rostock.de.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Catherine Godson
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute & School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eoin Brennan
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute & School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFA), Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), München, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian University, 80336, München, Germany
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan; National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Azzi
- School of Graduate Biomedical Pharmacology and Drug Development Program at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Marc Dubourdeau
- Ambiotis, Canal Biotech 2 - 3 Rue des Satellites, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Suchi Smita Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Patrick Schopohl
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matti Hoch
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dragana Gjorgevikj
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Faiz M Khan
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - David Brauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- CSIR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, 226001, Lucknow, India
| | | | - David Lescheid
- Department of Medical Affairs & Research, Heel GmbH, 76532, Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Myron Schultz
- Department of Medical Affairs & Research, Heel GmbH, 76532, Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Eva Särndahl
- iRiSC - Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Dirk Repsilber
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Robert Kruse
- iRiSC - Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Angelo Sala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, and IRIB, C.N.R, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - János G Filep
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, and Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051, Rostock, Germany; Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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4
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Tavares LP, Negreiros-Lima GL, Lima KM, E Silva PMR, Pinho V, Teixeira MM, Sousa LP. Blame the signaling: Role of cAMP for the resolution of inflammation. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105030. [PMID: 32562817 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A complex intracellular signaling governs different cellular responses in inflammation. Extracellular stimuli are sensed, amplified, and transduced through a dynamic cellular network of messengers converting the first signal into a proper response: production of specific mediators, cell activation, survival, or death. Several overlapping pathways are coordinated to ensure specific and timely induction of inflammation to neutralize potential harms to the tissue. Ideally, the inflammatory response must be controlled and self-limited. Resolution of inflammation is an active process that culminates with termination of inflammation and restoration of tissue homeostasis. Comparably to the onset of inflammation, resolution responses are triggered by coordinated intracellular signaling pathways that transduce the message to the nucleus. However, the key messengers and pathways involved in signaling transduction for resolution are still poorly understood in comparison to the inflammatory network. cAMP has long been recognized as an inducer of anti-inflammatory responses and cAMP-dependent pathways have been extensively exploited pharmacologically to treat inflammatory diseases. Recently, cAMP has been pointed out as coordinator of key steps of resolution of inflammation. Here, we summarize the evidence for the role of cAMP at inducing important features of resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P Tavares
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Signaling in Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA..
| | - Graziele L Negreiros-Lima
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Signaling in Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Kátia M Lima
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Signaling in Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia M R E Silva
- Inflammation Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Signaling in Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Abstract
Exposure to air pollution and other environmental inhalation hazards, such as occupational exposures to dusts and fumes, aeroallergens, and tobacco smoke, is a significant cause of chronic lung inflammation leading to respiratory disease. It is now recognized that resolution of inflammation is an active process controlled by a novel family of small lipid mediators termed "specialized pro-resolving mediators" or SPMs, derived mainly from dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Chronic inflammation results from an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution pathways. Research is ongoing to develop SPMs, and the pro-resolution pathway more generally, as a novel therapeutic approach to diseases characterized by chronic inflammation. Here, we will review evidence that the resolution pathway is dysregulated in chronic lung inflammatory diseases, and that SPMs and related molecules have exciting therapeutic potential to reverse or prevent chronic lung inflammation, with a focus on lung inflammation due to inhalation of environmental hazards including urban particulate matter, organic dusts and tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Thatcher
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Collynn F Woeller
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Claire E McCarthy
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Biology, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Patricia J Sime
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
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6
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Lippestad M, Hodges RR, Utheim TP, Serhan CN, Dartt DA. Signaling pathways activated by resolvin E1 to stimulate mucin secretion and increase intracellular Ca 2+ in cultured rat conjunctival goblet cells. Exp Eye Res 2018; 173:64-72. [PMID: 29702100 PMCID: PMC6488018 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugate mucin secretion from conjunctival goblet cells is tightly regulated by nerves and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) to maintain ocular surface health. Here we investigated the actions of the SPM resolvin E1 (RvE1) on cultured rat conjunctival goblet cell glycoconjugate secretion and intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) and the signaling pathways used by RvE1. Goblet cells were cultured from rat conjunctiva in RPMI medium. The amount of RvE1-stimulated glycoconjugate mucin secretion was determined using an enzyme-linked lectin assay with Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin 1 lectin. Cultured goblet cells were also incubated with the Ca2+ indicator dye fura 2/AM and [Ca2+]i was measured. Cultured goblet cells were incubated with inhibitors to phospholipase (PL-) C, D, and A2 signaling pathways. RvE1 stimulated glycoconjugate secretion in a concentration dependent manner and was inhibited with the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA. The Ca2+i response was also increased in a concentration manner when stimulated by RvE1. Inhibition of PLC, PLD, and PLA2, but not Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase blocked RvE1-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i and glycoconjugate secretion. We conclude that under normal, physiological conditions RvE1 stimulates multiple pathways to increase glycoconjugate secretion and [Ca2+]i. RvE1 could be an important regulator of goblet cell glycoconjugate mucin secretion to maintain ocular surface health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Lippestad
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robin R Hodges
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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7
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Perucci LO, Corrêa MD, Dusse LM, Gomes KB, Sousa LP. Resolution of inflammation pathways in preeclampsia-a narrative review. Immunol Res 2017; 65:774-89. [PMID: 28391374 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. This disease is believed to occur in two stages with placental dysfunction in early pregnancy leading to maternal clinical findings after 20 weeks of gestation, as consequence of systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Much evidence suggests that PE women display an overshooting inflammatory response throughout pregnancy due to an unbalanced regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Recently, it has been suggested that dysregulation of endogenous protective pathways might be associated with PE etiopathogenesis. Resolution of inflammation is an active process coordinated by mediators from diverse nature that regulate key cellular events to restore tissue homeostasis. Inadequate or insufficient resolution of inflammation is believed to play an important role in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, like PE. In this narrative review, we discuss possible pro-resolution pathways that might be compromised in PE women, which could be targets to novel therapeutic strategies in this disease.
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Anthonymuthu TS, Kenny EM, Amoscato AA, Lewis J, Kochanek PM, Kagan VE, Bayır H. Global assessment of oxidized free fatty acids in brain reveals an enzymatic predominance to oxidative signaling after trauma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2601-2613. [PMID: 28347845 PMCID: PMC5612836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of TBI is complex involving signaling through multiple cascades, including lipid peroxidation. Oxidized free fatty acids, a prominent product of lipid peroxidation, are potent cellular mediators involved in induction and resolution of inflammation and modulation of vasomotor tone. While previous studies have assessed lipid peroxidation after TBI, to our knowledge no studies have used a systematic approach to quantify the global oxidative changes in free fatty acids. In this study, we identified and quantified 244 free fatty acid oxidation products using a newly developed global liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. This methodology was used to follow the time course of these lipid species in the contusional cortex of our pediatric rat model of TBI. We show that oxidation peaked at 1h after controlled cortical impact and was progressively attenuated at 4 and 24h time points. While enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways were activated at 1h post-TBI, enzymatic lipid peroxidation was the predominant mechanism with 15-lipoxygenase (LOX) contributing to the majority of total oxidized fatty acid content. Pro-inflammatory lipid mediators were significantly increased at 1 and 4h after TBI with return to basal levels by 24h. Anti-inflammatory lipid mediators remained significantly increased across all three time points, indicating an elevated and sustained anti-inflammatory response following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Kenny
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Jesse Lewis
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States.
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9
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Polus A, Zapala B, Razny U, Gielicz A, Kiec-Wilk B, Malczewska-Malec M, Sanak M, Childs CE, Calder PC, Dembinska-Kiec A. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation influences the whole blood transcriptome in women with obesity, associated with pro-resolving lipid mediator production. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1746-1755. [PMID: 27531277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may reduce low-grade inflammation associated with obesity. The relationship between therapeutic response to n-3 PUFAs and modification of the transcriptome in obesity or metabolic syndrome remains to be explored. Blood samples were obtained from women with obesity before and after three-months supplementation with a moderate dose of n-3 PUFAs (1.8g EPA+DHA per day) or from controls. n-3 PUFAs (GC) and plasma concentrations of lipoxins, resolvins, protectin X (GC-MS/MS) and inflammatory markers (ELISA) were measured. Whole blood transcriptome was assayed using microarray. Women supplemented with n-3 PUFAs for 3months had significantly higher levels of EPA and DHA in plasma phosphatidylcholine. n-3 PUFA supplementation, in contrast to placebo, significantly decreased the concentrations of several inflammatory markers (SELE, MCP-1, sVCAM-1, sPECAM-1, and hsCRP), fasting triglycerides and insulin and increased the concentrations of pro-resolving DHA derivatives in plasma. The microarray data demonstrated effects of n-3 PUFAs on PPAR-α, NRF2 and NF-κB target genes. N-3 PUFAs increased DHA-derived pro-resolving mediators in women with obesity. Elevated resolvins and up-regulation of the resolvin receptor occurred in parallel with activation of PPAR-α target genes related to lipid metabolism and of NRF2 up-regulated antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Polus
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Barbara Zapala
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Razny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Gielicz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Kiec-Wilk
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Marek Sanak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Caroline E Childs
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Aldona Dembinska-Kiec
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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