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Shilpa N, Dhir S, Janardhana GR. Molecular detection and characterization of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) infecting Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Karnataka State of India. Virusdisease 2022; 33:261-269. [PMID: 36277411 PMCID: PMC9481773 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid (PSTVd) is a non-coding, infectious, small, circular RNA known to cause disease in agricultural and horticultural plants. In the present work, an investigation was conducted in the southern districts of Karnataka state to assess the possible pospiviroid infections on tomato plants that are considered natural hosts for viroids. A total of 83 tomato samples showing disease symptoms (virus or viroid-like) along with healthy ones were collected and subjected to viroid detection by conventional Reverse Transcriptase Polymer Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using universal (Pospi1-RE/Pospi1-FW) and a specific set of primers (3H1/2H1). The study confirmed the presence of PSTVd in one of the samples of tomato collected from Banghatta village of Mandy District, with an expected amplicon of ~ 361 bp. The bioassay conducted on tomato plants (cv. Rutgers) proved the association of PSTVd, which was further confirmed by RT-PCR. The amplicons were cloned, sequenced, and the representative sequences were deposited in the NCBI GenBank. The sequence alignment and secondary structure analysis of the isolated viroid with other reference sequences revealed the variations in the pathogenicity, central conserved region, and Terminal right domains. The variations observed between the isolated PSTVd with that of other Indian isolates support that viroid may have been transmitted among the crop plants, possibly through seed or mechanical means.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Shilpa
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 006 India
- Molecular Phytodiagnostic Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 006 India
| | - Sunny Dhir
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala, 133207 India
| | - G. R. Janardhana
- Molecular Phytodiagnostic Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 006 India
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Salimnia H, Mitchell R, Gundel A, Cambell A, Gammou F, Chopra T, Fairfax M. Pooling samples: a testing option for SARS-CoV-2 during a supply shortage. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 99:115205. [PMID: 33190092 PMCID: PMC7483063 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pooling of 1 positive sample with up to 5 negative samples prior to testing with the Cepheid GenXpert SARS-CoV-2 assay did not adversely impact detection of positive samples. At our current prevalence of 2%, it could save up to 70% of the test kits. Validation of sample pooling to conserve reagents during COVID-19 testing Benefits and limitations of sample pooling during a COVID-19 test reagent shortage Low SARS coronavirus-2 samples detected in pools with 3 negative samples Pooling 4 COVID-19 samples saves 63% of test kits when the prevalence is 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Salimnia
- Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, 4201 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201; Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Robert Mitchell
- Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, 4201 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Angela Gundel
- Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, 4201 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Alicia Cambell
- Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, 4201 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Fadi Gammou
- Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, 4201 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Teena Chopra
- Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, 4201 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201; Epidemiology and Infection Control, Detroit Medical Center, 4201 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI 48210
| | - Marilynn Fairfax
- Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, 4201 St Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201; Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201.
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Arun Krishnan R, Elizabeth Thomas R, Sukumaran A, Paul JK, Vasudevan DM. COVID-19: Current Trends in Invitro Diagnostics. Indian J Clin Biochem 2020; 35:285-289. [PMID: 32641875 PMCID: PMC7320251 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-020-00906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known species of coronavirus, infectious to human beings. The pandemic COVID-19 spread all over the world with an unprecedented spreading rate after its first appearance in Wuhan, China. As a novel viral disease there in no antiviral treatment or vaccine for the COVID-19. At present, the early detection and the quarantine of infected patients are the ways to stop the spreading of the disease. This review will discuss about the current invitro diagnostic methods used worldwide for the early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19. Currently the nucleic acid based polymerase chain reaction is used as the reliable diagnostic platform and antigen/antibody detection immunoassays are playing the role of screening tests for early detection and prognosis in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Arun Krishnan
- R&D Reagent Department, Agappe Diagnostics Limited, Cochin, Kerala India
| | | | | | - Jofy K. Paul
- R&D Reagent Department, Agappe Diagnostics Limited, Cochin, Kerala India
| | - D. M. Vasudevan
- R&D Reagent Department, Agappe Diagnostics Limited, Cochin, Kerala India
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Autissier M, Guiraud G, Lévy Y. COVID reverse transcriptase PCR in private laboratories: From theory to reality. Med Mal Infect 2020; 50:627-629. [PMID: 32531329 PMCID: PMC7283050 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Autissier
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, faculté de médecine Lyon est, collège universitaire de médecine générale, 8, avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - G Guiraud
- Laboratoire Dynabio: Le Loup Pendu, 545, avenue Victor-Hugo, 69140 Rillieux-la-Pape, France
| | - Y Lévy
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, faculté de médecine Lyon est, collège universitaire de médecine générale, 8, avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
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Tang J, Ng F, Kanchiraopally D, Ward L. Development of TaqMan real-time RT-PCR for sensitive detection of diverse Raspberry ringspot virus isolates. J Virol Methods 2020; 278:113821. [PMID: 31958468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Raspberry ringspot virus (RpRSV) is an important virus that infects horticultural crops including grapevine, cherry, berry fruit and rose. The genome sequences of RpRSV are highly diverse between isolates and this makes the design of a PCR-based detection method difficult. In this study, a TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay was developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of RpRSV. Primers and probes targeting the most conserved region of the movement protein gene were designed to amplify a 229 bp fragment of RpRSV RNA-2. The assay was able to amplify all RpRSV isolates tested. The detection limit of the RpRSV target region was estimated to be 61-98 copies, depending on the RpRSV strain. The sensitivity was about 100 times greater than the conventional RT-PCR assay using the same primers as the real-time RT-PCR assay. A comparison with published conventional RT-PCR assays indicated that both published assays lacked reliability and sensitivity, as neither were able to amplify all RpRSV isolates tested, and both were at least 1000 times less sensitive than the novel TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay. The assay can also be run as a duplex reaction with the nad5 plant internal control primers and probe to simultaneously verify the PCR competency of the samples. The amplicon obtained with the real-time RT-PCR assay is suitable for direct sequencing if it is necessary to further confirm the RpRSV identity or determine the RpRSV strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Tang
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland, 1140, New Zealand
| | - Filomena Ng
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland, 1140, New Zealand.
| | - Deepika Kanchiraopally
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland, 1140, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Ward
- Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2095, Auckland, 1140, New Zealand
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Rojas A, Stittleburg V, Cardozo F, Bopp N, Cantero C, López S, Bernal C, Mendoza L, Aguilar P, Pinsky BA, Guillén Y, Páez M, Waggoner JJ. Real-time RT-PCR for the detection and quantitation of Oropouche virus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 96:114894. [PMID: 31727377 PMCID: PMC6906250 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.114894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oropouche virus (OROV) causes an acute, systemic febrile illness, and in certain regions of South America, this represents the second most common human arboviral infection after dengue virus. A new real-time RT-PCR was developed for OROV and reassortant species. The new OROV rRT-PCR proved linear across 6-7 orders of magnitude with a lower limit of 95% detection of 5.6-10.8 copies/μL. Upon testing dilutions of OROV and Iquitos virus reference genomic RNA, all dilutions with >10 copies/μL were detected in both the OROV rRT-PCR and a comparator molecular assay, but the OROV rRT-PCR detected more samples with ≤10 copies/μL (8/14 vs 0/13, respectively, P = 0.002). In a set of 100 acute-phase clinical samples from Paraguay patients with a suspected arboviral illness, no patients tested positive for OROV RNA using either assay. The OROV rRT-PCR provides a sensitive molecular assay for the study of this important yet neglected tropical arboviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rojas
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Producción, Paraguay
| | - Victoria Stittleburg
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fátima Cardozo
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Salud Pública, Paraguay
| | - Nathen Bopp
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - César Cantero
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Producción, Paraguay
| | - Sanny López
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Producción, Paraguay
| | - Cynthia Bernal
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Producción, Paraguay
| | - Laura Mendoza
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Salud Pública, Paraguay
| | - Patricia Aguilar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yvalena Guillén
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Producción, Paraguay
| | - Malvina Páez
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Salud Pública, Paraguay
| | - Jesse J Waggoner
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA; Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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de Amo GS, Bezerra-Bussoli C, da Silva RR, Kishi LT, Ferreira H, Mariutti RB, Arni RK, Gomes E, Bonilla-Rodriguez GO. Heterologous expression, purification and biochemical characterization of a new xylanase from Myceliophthora heterothallica F.2.1.4. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:798-805. [PMID: 30905755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Myceliophthora heterothallica is a thermophilic fungus potentially relevant for the production of enzymes involved in the degradation of plant biomass. A xylanase encoding gene of this species was identified by means of RT-PCR using primers designed based on a xylanase coding sequence (GH11) of the fungus M. thermophila. The obtained gene was ligated to the vector pET28a(+) and the construct was transformed into Escherichia coli cells. The recombinant xylanase (r-ec-XylMh) was heterologously expressed, and the highest activity was observed at 55 °C and pH 6. The enzyme stability was greater than 70% between pH 4.5 and 9.5 and the inclusion of glycerol (50%) resulted in a significant increase in thermostability. Under these conditions, the enzyme retained more than 50% residual activity when incubated at 65 °C for 1 h, and approximately 30% activity when incubated at 70 °C for the same period. The tested cations did not increase xylanolytic activity, and the enzyme indicated significant tolerance to several phenolic compounds after 24 h, as well as high specificity for xylan, with no activity for other substrates such as CMC (carboxymethylcellulose), Avicel, pNPX (p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside) and pNPA (p-nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside), and is thus, of potential relevance in pulp bleaching.
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Maloney S, Francis F, Bletchly C, Norton R. Evaluation of a commercially available synthetic RNA lipid enveloped control molecule. J Virol Methods 2014; 211:19-21. [PMID: 25447757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Detection of viral ribonucleic acid with RT PCR is a useful tool for viral detection. One of the drawbacks of this technique is the difficulty in including an internal control molecule to ensure the validity of the extraction and amplification process. In this study the potential usefulness of a novel lipid enveloped commercially available RNA control molecule is investigated. Initial optimisation of the detection assay was performed by amplification of IC (internal control) spiked into PCR water. Thirty-two clinical respiratory samples were spiked with the IC before and after extraction and RT PCR was then performed. Inefficient extraction was simulated. Inhibition of the RT PCR was achieved by serial dilution of heparin sulfate into samples post extraction. No Targets that matched the IC (Internal Control) primers were identified in 32 extracted sputum samples as determined by the absence of non specific amplification curves. The unextracted IC had an increased CT (cycle threshold) value compared to IC that had been extracted. Inefficient extraction was detected by an increased CT. Increasing concentrations of heparin inhibited the PCR in a predictable fashion. The Bioline IC molecule provides a stable RNA IC that has acceptable performance characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Maloney
- The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Microbiology, Pathology Queensland, Townsville, Queensland 4814, Australia.
| | - Fleur Francis
- Microbiology, Pathology Queensland, Townsville, Queensland 4814, Australia
| | - Cheryl Bletchly
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Robert Norton
- The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Microbiology, Pathology Queensland, Townsville, Queensland 4814, Australia.
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Windmolders S, De Boeck A, Koninckx R, Daniëls A, De Wever O, Bracke M, Hendrikx M, Hensen K, Rummens JL. Mesenchymal stem cell secreted platelet derived growth factor exerts a pro-migratory effect on resident Cardiac Atrial appendage Stem Cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 66:177-88. [PMID: 24326234 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulate cardiac healing after myocardial injury through the release of paracrine factors, but the exact mechanisms are still unknown. One possible mechanism is through mobilization of endogenous cardiac stem cells (CSCs). This study aimed to test the pro-migratory effect of MSC conditioned medium (MSC-CM) on endogenous CSCs from human cardiac tissue. By using a three-dimensional collagen assay, we found that MSC-CM improved migration of cells from human cardiac tissue. Cell counts, perimeter and area measurements were utilized to quantify migration effects. To examine whether resident stem cells were among the migrating cells, specific stem cell properties were investigated. The migrating cells displayed strong similarities with resident Cardiac Atrial appendage Stem Cells (CASCs), including a clonogenic potential of ~21.5% and expression of pluripotency associated genes like Oct-4, Nanog, c-Myc and Klf-4. Similar to CASCs, migrating cells demonstrated high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and were able to differentiate towards cardiomyocytes. Receptor tyrosine kinase analysis and collagen assays performed with recombinant platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA and Imatinib Mesylate, a PDGF receptor inhibitor, suggested a role for the PDGF-AA/PDGF receptor α axis in enhancing the migration process of CASCs. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that factors present in MSC-CM improve migration of resident stem cells from human cardiac tissue. These data open doors towards future therapies in which MSC secreted factors, like PDGF-AA, can be utilized to enhance the recruitment of CASCs towards the site of myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severina Windmolders
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Campus Virga Jesse, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Astrid De Boeck
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Remco Koninckx
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Campus Virga Jesse, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Annick Daniëls
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Campus Virga Jesse, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marc Bracke
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marc Hendrikx
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jessa Hospital, Campus Virga Jesse, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Karen Hensen
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Campus Virga Jesse, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Luc Rummens
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jessa Hospital, Campus Virga Jesse, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
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Aarthi P, Bagyalakshmi R, Therese KL, Madhavan HN. Development of a novel reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to determine the Gram reaction and viability of bacteria in clinical specimens. Microbiol Res 2013; 168:497-503. [PMID: 23602123 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a novel RNA based assay to determine the Gram reaction and viability of bacteria in clinical specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) targeting 16SrRNA region was optimized using Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 by using two novel sets of primers. Sixty clinical specimens consisting of 31 intraocular specimens (19 vitreous fluids and 12 aqueous humor), 11 peripheral blood specimens and 18 other clinical specimens were subjected to standard microbiological culture and RT-PCR to determine the Gram reaction and viability of bacteria. The amplified products were subjected to DNA sequencing to identify the bacterium. RESULTS The sensitivity of RT-PCR was 0.4fg and the primers amplified bacterial cDNA. RT-PCR detected the presence of bacteria in 60 clinical specimens indicating the presence of viable bacteria. Concordant results were obtained with both primer sets. Seventy five bacterium comprising 52 single (69.3%) and 23 mixed bacteria (30.6%), both Gram positive and Gram negative were detected. These results correlated with the bacterial identity by PCR based DNA sequencing. CONCLUSION RT-PCR is a reliable tool to identify the presence of viable bacteria and to precisely determine Gram reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aarthi
- Larsen and Toubro Microbiology Research Centre, Kamal Nayan Bajaj Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, No. 41, College Road, Chennai 600006, India
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Wu JB, Fu HQ, Huang LZ, Liu AW, Zhang JX. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and 6 and clinical significance in liver carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:834-837. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i8.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and 6 (BMP-2, 6) mRNA in human liver cancer, and to explore its relationship with biologic action in liver cancer.
METHODS: The expressions of BMP-2 and BMP-6 in 30 carcinoma liver tissue samples and 30 normal liver tissue samples were detected and analyzed by reverse transcriptase PCR and Western blot.
RESULTS: The relative level of BMP-2 and BMP-6 mRNA was significantly lower in the normal liver tissue samples than in the liver carcinoma tissue samples (0.3245 ± 0.1127 vs 0.8298 ± 0.1187, 0.2947 ± 0.1853 vs 0.7145 ± 0.1373, both P < 0.05). The relative level of BMP-2 and BMP-6 mRNA in III, IV stages of liver cancer was significantly higher than that in I, II stages (0.92431 ± 0.1234 vs 0.69355 ± 0.1925, 0.8354 ± 0.1423 vs 0.6043 ± 0.1234, both P < 0.05). The expression level of BMP-2 and BMP-6 protein were significantly higher in the metastatic liver cancer compared with that without metastasis (0.9854 ± 0.2888 vs 0.6244 ± 0.3087, 0.9076 ± 0.1276 vs 0.5678 ± 0.2493, both P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Up-regulated expressions of BMP-2 and BMP-6 play an important role in liver cancer. It may have the active role in invasion and metastasis of liver cancer.
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