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Nogueira SO, Fu M, Lugo A, Tigova O, Henderson E, López MJ, Clancy L, Semple S, Soriano JB, Fernandez E, Gallus S. Non-smokers' and smokers' support for smoke-free legislation in 14 indoor and outdoor settings across 12 European countries. Environ Res 2022; 204:112224. [PMID: 34717946 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND European countries differ considerably in the scope and the extent of their policies to protect people from the harms of secondhand smoke exposure. Public opinion may have a substantial influence on several stages of policy development, implementation, and compliance. For this reason, we aimed to evaluate the population level of support for smoke-free policies and its correlates. METHODS We used data from the TackSHS Survey (2017-2018), a cross-sectional study with representative samples of the general population aged ≥15 years from 12 European countries. We described the proportion of non-smokers' and smokers' support for the implementation of smoke-free legislation in 14 indoor and outdoor settings and the country-level characteristics associated with it. RESULTS In the total sample (n = 11,902), support for smoke-free legislation were the lowest for restaurants/bar patios (non-smokers = 53.0%; smokers = 29.2%) and the highest for workplaces (non-smokers = 78.5%; smokers = 66.5%). In the country-level analysis, the highest support among non-smokers was for workplaces in Bulgaria (93.1%) and the lowest for restaurants/bars patios in Greece (39.4%). Among smokers, the corresponding estimates were for children's playgrounds in Latvia (88.9%) and for cars in Portugal (21%). For most settings, support for smoke-free legislation was directly related with the countries' prevalence of secondhand smoke presence and reported smoking in each setting. DISCUSSION Our results show that the majority of European adults (including a large proportion of smokers) are supportive of implementing smoke-free legislation in indoor settings and extending it to selected outdoor settings. Such expressive support can be seen as an opportunity to advance legislation and protect the European population from secondhand smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah O Nogueira
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Fu
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandra Lugo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Olena Tigova
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luke Clancy
- TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, TU Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Semple
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Joan B Soriano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario La Princesa (IISP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernandez
- Institut Catala d'Oncologia (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Institut d'Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Wong RS, Tung KTS, Leung HE, Chow R, Chua GT, Ho MHK, Tso WWY, Fung GPG, Tao VQC, Kwan MYW, Lum TYS, Wong ICK, Ip P. Comorbidity of ADHD and allergic diseases in early adolescence: The role of parental smoking at home. Curr Psychol 2022; 42:1-9. [PMID: 35018079 PMCID: PMC8734129 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests an association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and allergic disorders, but little work has been done to explore the role of external factors such as parental smoking at home in the development of comorbid ADHD and allergic disorders. This study aimed to examine the association between allergic diseases and ADHD adjusted for exposure to parental smoking at home in early adolescents. We recruited 250 male (41.7%) and 350 female (58.3%) adolescents (mean [SD] age, 13.29 [0.52] years) via chain-referral sampling. Their ADHD symptoms were assessed by the parent proxy-report version of the Chinese Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity-symptoms and Normal-behaviours (SWAN) rating scale. Data on the participants' history of clinician-diagnosed allergic diseases, family socio-demographics, and parental smoking habit were collected using a parent-completed questionnaire. Regression analyses were performed to examine the associations of interest. The levels of ADHD symptoms were comparable between allergic and non-allergic participants after controlling for child and family demographics and parental smoking at home. Notably, the risk of probable ADHD was particularly high in participants with food allergies (odd ratio = 4.51, p = 0.011) but not in those with allergic rhinitis after adjusting for parental smoking at home. Our findings suggest that second-hand smoke exposure at home is a potential risk factor underlying the link between ADHD and allergic diseases. Current management guidelines should emphasize the importance of early identification and cessation of tobacco smoke exposure for prevention of comorbidity of ADHD and allergic disorders. Clinical Trial Registration (if any): NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa S. Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Room 115, 1/F, New Clinical Building, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keith T. S. Tung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Room 115, 1/F, New Clinical Building, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Hugo E. Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Room 115, 1/F, New Clinical Building, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Reena Chow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Room 115, 1/F, New Clinical Building, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Gilbert T. Chua
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Room 115, 1/F, New Clinical Building, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Macro H. K. Ho
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Room 115, 1/F, New Clinical Building, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Winnie W. Y. Tso
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Room 115, 1/F, New Clinical Building, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Genevieve P. G. Fung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | | | - Mike Y. W. Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Terry Y. S. Lum
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Ian C. K. Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Room 115, 1/F, New Clinical Building, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China
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Lee ZL, Gan WY, Lim PY, Hasan R, Lim SY. Associations of nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure with dental caries among 3- to 6-year old Malaysian pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:164. [PMID: 32493338 PMCID: PMC7268511 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries in primary teeth is a serious oral health concern among children. It can lead to detrimental impacts on a child's growth, development, and quality of life. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to examine the prevalence of dental caries and its associations with nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure among pre-schoolers. METHODS A total of 26 pre-schools in Seremban, Malaysia were randomly selected using the probability proportional to size sampling. Dental examination was performed by a dentist to record the number of decayed teeth (dt). Weight and height of the pre-schoolers were measured. The mother-administered questionnaire was used to gather information pertaining to the sociodemographic characteristics and second-hand smoke exposure. Total sugar exposure was calculated from a 3-day food record. RESULTS Among the 396 participating pre-schoolers, 63.4% of them had at least one untreated caries, with a mean ± SD dt score of 3.56 ± 4.57. Negative binomial regression analysis revealed that being a boy (adjusted mean ratio = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.005-0.698, p = 0.047), exposed to second-hand smoke (adjusted mean ratio = 1.67, 95% CI = 0.168-0.857, p = 0.004) and those who had more than 6 times of daily total sugar exposure (adjusted mean ratio = 1.93, 95% CI = 0.138-0.857, p = 0.013) were significantly associated with dental caries among pre-schoolers. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of dental caries was reported in this study. This study highlights the need to reduce exposure to second-hand smoke and practice healthy eating behaviours in reducing the risk of dental caries among pre-schoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ling Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ying Gan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Poh Ying Lim
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ruhaya Hasan
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sing Ying Lim
- Department of Paediatric Dental, Tuanku Ja'afar Hospital, Jalan Rasah, Bukit Rasah, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Safa F, Chaiton M, Mahmud I, Ahmed S, Chu A. The association between exposure to second-hand smoke and sleep disturbances: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Health 2020; 6:702-714. [PMID: 32446663 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and sleep disturbances by systematically reviewing the literature base and to quantify this association by conducting a meta-analysis. METHOD We did a systematic search of five databases- PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science - Core Collection, and Google Scholar. The primary outcomes were short sleep duration (SSD), poor sleep quality (PSQ), and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). RESULT Our systematic search yielded a total of 1623 studies. However, 12 studies qualified for qualitative synthesis and 11 studies (12 surveys) with adequate information were included in the meta-analysis involving 730,808 participants. All the studies were cross-sectional. We found an association between SHS exposure and SSD [pooled OR: 1.20 (95% CI, 1.09-1.33; p = 0.0003; I2= 68%), N = 7]; EDS [pooled OR: 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01-1.13; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%), N = 4]; and PSQ [pooled OR: 1.12 (95% CI, 1.01-1.23; p = 0.03; I2 = 79%), N = 10]. Subgroup analyses suggest significant association between SHS exposure and PSQ among adolescents. However, no such association was observed among adults. In addition, no significant association was observed between PSQ and SHS exposure when biomarker was used to identify SHS exposure. CONCLUSION This study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between SHS exposure and sleep outcomes. Self-reported exposure to SHS is positively associated with SSD, EDS, and PSQ, although the effects are modest. Further studies with robust methodology to ascertain exposure information are warranted to further elucidate the relationship between SHS exposure and sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Safa
- Department of Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada.
| | - Michael Chaiton
- Department of Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada; Ontario Tobacco Research Unit (OTRU), Toronto, Canada
| | - Ilias Mahmud
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Bukayriah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamim Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Alanna Chu
- Department of Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; Ontario Tobacco Research Unit (OTRU), Toronto, Canada
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Bamashmous M. Determinants of Support for a Smoke-free University Policy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:799-807. [PMID: 30066683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health care professionals have an essential role in tobacco control through supporting tobacco control policy actions by promoting smoke-free workplaces and extending tobacco cessation programs. OBJECTIVE To assess determinants of support for a smoke-free university policy among dental students. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of dental students was carried out. Multiple linear regression analyses assessed the determinants of support for a smoke-free policy at the university. RESULTS A total of 313 students completed the questionnaires. The multivariate model showed a direct relationship of support for a smoke-free university policy with being a nonsmoker [P = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.37-2.52, p < 0.0001] and having greater knowledge of smoking health hazards (P = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.20-0.30, p < 0.0001). We detected an inverse relationship with being a man (P = -0.49, 95% CI = -2.73 to -0.58, p = 0.03) and with increased willingness to accept second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure score (P = -0.02, 95% CI = -0.04 to -0.01, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This study found that a policy banning smoking would have support from those students who have knowledge of smoking health hazards and those unwilling to accept exposure to SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bamashmous
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, e-mail:
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Huang J, Wen G, Yang W, Yao Z, Wu C, Ye X. The association between second-hand smoke exposure and depressive symptoms among pregnant women. Psychiatry Res 2017; 256:469-474. [PMID: 28711818 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking and depression are strongly associated, but the possible association between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and depression is unclear. This study aimed to examine the possible relation between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms among pregnant women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shenzhen, China, using a multistage sampling method. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the associations between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms. Among 2176 pregnant women, 10.5% and 2.0% were classified as having probable and severe depressive symptoms. Both binary and multinomial logistic regression revealed that there were significantly increased risks of severe depressive symptoms corresponding to SHS exposure in homes or regular SHS exposure in workplaces using no exposure as reference. In addition, greater frequency of SHS exposure was significantly associated with the increased risk of severe depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that SHS exposure is positively associated with depressive symptoms in a dose-response manner among the pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoming Wen
- Women Health Care, Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weikang Yang
- Department of Health Education, Health Education Institute of Longhua District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenjiang Yao
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan'an Wu
- Women Health Care, Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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