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Wu S, Peng X, Sun X, Min F, Zhu W. Dewatering and strength characteristics of dredged slurry under curing-flocculation-vacuum filtration. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:15885-15899. [PMID: 38308778 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Addressing the substantial yearly production of waste dredged slurry with high water content, it is imperative to adopt effective technical treatments for sustainable development. This paper establishes that the curing-flocculation-vacuum filtration (C-F-VF) method efficiently converts high-water content dredged slurry into back-fill soil, achieving rapid dewatering. The study delves into the mechanism facilitating swift dewatering and the heightened mechanical properties of the dewatered soil. The synergy of curing, flocculation, and vacuum filtration expedites the dewatering process. The pre-addition of a curing agent reduces the zeta potential of the slurry, enhancing its efficiency in subsequent flocculation and vacuum filtration. Although the curing agent experiences some loss during vacuum filtration, over 91.22% remains in the dewatered soil, fortifying its strength. Soil strength correlates with the water content post-vacuum filtration and the amount of cement added pre-filtration, with a proposed relevant strength prediction formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Wu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Green, Efficient and Intelligent Construction of Underground Metro Station, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiao Peng
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Green, Efficient and Intelligent Construction of Underground Metro Station, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, the Underground Polis Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Fanlu Min
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
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2
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Horf M, Gebbers R, Olfs HW, Vogel S. Determining nutrients, dry matter, and pH of liquid organic manures using visual and near-infrared spectrometry. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168045. [PMID: 37923277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In agriculture, overfertilization with liquid organic manures (LOM) is causing environmental issues including eutrophication of non-agricultural ecosystems and nitrate pollution of groundwater. To avoid such problems, a precise and demand-oriented fertilization with LOM is needed. This can only be achieved if the nutrient composition of the LOM is known. However, traditional chemical analysis is cost- and time-intensive and furthermore dependent on a representative sample. Optical spectrometry in the visible and near-infrared range could provide an efficient alternative, if a chemometric calibration assures sufficient accuracy. To improve chemometric calibration, this study investigated several spectral preprocessing and regression algorithms, and compared predictions based either on dry or wet weight concentration. In addition, the capability of low-cost spectrometers was evaluated by simulating low-resolution spectra with smaller wavelength ranges. The reflectance spectra of 391 pig manure, 155 cattle manure, and 89 biogas digestate samples were used to predict plant macronutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S), micronutrients (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, B), dry matter (DM) and pH. The experiments demonstrate the general aptness of optical spectrometry to accurately predict DM, pH and all nutrients except boron in pig, cattle, and digestate LOM, even with simulated low-cost spectrometers. Best results show r2 between 0.80 and 0.97, ratios of performance to interquartile distance (RPIQ) between 2.1 and 7.8, and mean absolute errors normalized by the median (nMAE) between 5 and 36 %. The regression methods PLSR, LASSO, and least angle regression predominantly performed best. The innovative preprocessing methods named simple ratios (SR) and normalized differences (ND) proved to be very useful algorithms, especially for N and P predictions, outperforming the accuracy of classical techniques in several cases. Concentrations on dry weight basis improved predictions of K, Mn, and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Horf
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Department of Agromechatronics, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Robin Gebbers
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Chair of Agricultural Business Operations, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Olfs
- University of Applied Sciences, Plant Nutrition and Crop Production, Am Krümpel 31, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Department of Agromechatronics, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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3
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Gubó E, Plutzer J, Molnár T, Pordán-Háber D, Szabó L, Szalai Z, Gubó R, Szakál P, Szakál T, Környei L, Bede-Fazekas Á, Kalocsai R. A 4-year study of bovine reproductive hormones that are induced by pharmaceuticals and appear as steroid estrogenic pollutants in the resulting slurry, using in vitro and instrumental analytical methods. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:125596-125608. [PMID: 38006481 PMCID: PMC10754748 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the research was to study the environmental "price" of the large-scale, milk production from a rarely known perspective, from the mapping of the estrogenic footprint (the amount of oestrus-inducer hormonal products, and the generated endoestrogens) in the resulting slurry in a dairy cow farm. These micropollutants are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and can be dangerous to the normal reproductive functions even at ng/kg concentration. One of them, 17ß-estradiol, has a 20,000 times stronger estrogenic effect than bisphenol-A, a widely known EDC of industrial origin. While most studies on EDCs are short-term and/or laboratory based, this study is longitudinal and field-based. We sampled the slurry pool on a quarterly basis between 2017 and 2020. Our purpose was testing the estrogenic effects using a dual approach. As an effect-based, holistic method, we developed and used the YES (yeast estrogen screen) test employing the genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae BJ3505 strain which contains human estrogenic receptor. For testing exact molecules, UHPLC-FLD was used. Our study points out that slurry contains a growing amount of EDCs with the risk of penetrating into the soil, crops and the food chain. Considering the Green Chemistry concept, the most benign ways to prevent of the pollution of the slurry is choosing appropriate oestrus-inducing veterinary pharmaceuticals (OIVPs) and the separation of the solid and liquid parts with adequate treatment methods. To our knowledge, this is the first paper on the adaptation of the YES test for medicine and slurry samples, extending its applicability. The adapted YES test turned out to be a sensitive, robust and reliable method for testing samples with potential estrogenic effect. Our dual approach was successful in evaluating the estrogenic effect of the slurry samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduárd Gubó
- Albert Kázmér Faculty, Széchenyi István University, Vár Tér 2, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary.
- reAgro Research and Development Ltd., Győrújbarát, Hungary.
| | - Judit Plutzer
- Albert Kázmér Faculty, Széchenyi István University, Vár Tér 2, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Tibor Molnár
- Albert Kázmér Faculty, Széchenyi István University, Vár Tér 2, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Dóra Pordán-Háber
- Albert Kázmér Faculty, Széchenyi István University, Vár Tér 2, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
- reAgro Research and Development Ltd., Győrújbarát, Hungary
| | - Lili Szabó
- Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Geographical Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szalai
- Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Geographical Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Richard Gubó
- SynCat@Beijing, Synfuels China Technology Co. Ltd., Leyuan South Street II, No.1, Huairou District, Beijing, 101407, China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Pál Szakál
- Albert Kázmér Faculty, Széchenyi István University, Vár Tér 2, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szakál
- Albert Kázmér Faculty, Széchenyi István University, Vár Tér 2, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - László Környei
- Department of Mathematics and Computational Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
| | - Ákos Bede-Fazekas
- Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Lóránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renátó Kalocsai
- Albert Kázmér Faculty, Széchenyi István University, Vár Tér 2, 9200, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
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van der Weerden TJ, Noble AN, Beltran I, Hutchings NJ, Thorman RE, de Klein CAM, Amon B. Influence of key factors on ammonia and nitrous oxide emission factors for excreta deposited by livestock and land-applied manure. Sci Total Environ 2023; 889:164066. [PMID: 37201844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from livestock manure management have a significant impact on air quality and climate change. There is an increasing urgency to improve our understanding of drivers influencing these emissions. We analysed the DATAMAN ("DATAbase for MANaging greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions factors") database to identify key factors influencing (i) NH3 emission factors (EFs) for cattle and swine manure applied to land and (ii) N2O EFs for cattle and swine manure applied to land, and (iii) cattle urine, dung and sheep urine deposited during grazing. Slurry dry matter (DM) content, total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) concentration and method of application were significant drivers of NH3 EFs from cattle and swine slurry. Mixed effect models explained 14-59 % of the variance in NH3 EFs. Apart from the method of application, the significant influence of manure DM, manure TAN concentration or pH on NH3 EFs suggests mitigation strategies should focus on these. Identifying key factors influencing N2O EFs from manures and livestock grazing was more challenging, likely because of the complexities associated with microbial processes and soil physical properties impacting N2O production and emissions. Generally, significant factors were soil-related e.g. soil water content, pH, clay content, suggesting mitigations may need to consider the conditions of the receiving environment for manure spreading and grazing deposition. Total variability explained by terms in mixed effect model was on average 66 %, with the random effect 'experiment identification number' explaining, on average, 41 % of the total variability in the models. We suspect this term captured the effect of non-measured manure, soil and climate factors and any biases in application and measurement technique effects associated with individual experiments. This analysis has helped to improve our understanding of key factors of NH3 and N2O EFs for inclusion within models. With more studies over time, insights into the underlying processes influencing emissions will be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A N Noble
- AgResearch Ltd, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - I Beltran
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), INIA Remehue, Carretera Panamericana Sur km. 8 Norte, Osorno, Chile
| | - N J Hutchings
- Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, Tjele 8830, Denmark
| | - R E Thorman
- ADAS, ADAS Boxworth, Battlegate Road, Boxworth, Cambridge, CB23 4NN, UK
| | - C A M de Klein
- AgResearch Ltd, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand
| | - B Amon
- Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik und Bioökonomie (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam D-14469, Germany; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Poland
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5
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Bosch-Serra ÀD, Molina MG, González-Llinàs E, Boixadera-Bosch RR, Martínez B, Orobitg J, Mateo-Marín N, Domingo-Olivé F. Oribatid mites in different Mediterranean crop rotations fertilized with animal droppings. Exp Appl Acarol 2023; 90:185-202. [PMID: 37338638 PMCID: PMC10406719 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Unsustainable soil management is one of the drivers of soil degradation, but impact assessment requires the development of indicators. Oribatids might be considered as early indicators of disturbances due to the stability of their community. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of oribatids as bioindicators of sustainable agricultural practices. Under a dry Mediterranean climate, three fertilization experiments - two under a two-crop rotation system and one under maize monoculture and established 12 years earlier - were sampled 3× for oribatid identification during the last annual cropping cycle. The hypothesis was that different nutrient and crop managements affect the number of oribatid species and individuals present, and these parameters could be used as indicators of soil degradation. In total, 18 oribatid species were identified, and 1974 adult individuals were recovered. Maximum abundance was found prior to sowing. Pig slurry (PS) vs. control, and dairy cattle manure (CM) vs. mineral fertilization increased oribatid abundance. This increase was evident when the average applied rates with PS were ca. 2 Mg of organic matter (OM) ha- 1 yr- 1, or higher than ca. 4 Mg OM ha- 1 yr- 1 for CM. When the preceding crop was wheat and PS or CM were used, Oribatula (Zygoribatula) excavata (which reproduces sexually) predominated. In maize monoculture fertilized with CM, Tectocepheus sarekensis and Acrotritia ardua americana (which can reproduce through parthenogenesis) prevailed vs. Oribatula, which indicated a heavily disturbed soil. Under this specific Mediterranean environment, the predominance of certain parthenogenic oribatid species and the number of individuals provide advanced warning on soil degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngela D Bosch-Serra
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, E-25198, Spain.
| | - M Gabriela Molina
- Cátedras de Bioestadística I y II, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Vélez Sarsfield 299, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elena González-Llinàs
- IRTA Mas Badia, Mas Badia Agricultural Experimental Station, E-17134, La Tallada d'Empordà, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosalia R Boixadera-Bosch
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, E-25198, Spain
| | - Belén Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, E-25198, Spain
| | - Jordi Orobitg
- Independent Scientist, Carrer Església 14, Puig-Reig, Barcelona, E-08692, Spain
| | - Noemí Mateo-Marín
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, E-25198, Spain
| | - Francesc Domingo-Olivé
- IRTA Mas Badia, Mas Badia Agricultural Experimental Station, E-17134, La Tallada d'Empordà, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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Tiwari S, Tripathi P, Mohan D, Singh RS. Imidacloprid biodegradation using novel bacteria Tepidibacillus decaturensis strain ST1 in batch and in situ microcosm study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:61562-61572. [PMID: 36534260 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is one of the frequently used insecticides. Indiscriminate use of imidacloprid makes it perilous to non-target organisms as well as the environment, including soil and water sources, thus, making its elimination from the environment an irresistible concern. Bioremediation is a technique that uses the degrading capabilities of bacteria to create an economical and reliable method of pesticide abatement. In an attempt to solve the problem arising due to imidacloprid contamination, bacterial strains possessing the ability to degrade imidacloprid were isolated from contaminated agricultural soil samples in the present study. Imidacloprid-degrading isolate, identified as Tepidibacillus decaturensis strain ST1, could effectively degrade imidacloprid in liquid media, slurry, and soil microcosms. The microcosm studies using the isolate resulted in the degradation of around 77.5% and 85% of imidacloprid (200 ppm) in sterile and unsterile soils within 45 days. In addition to biodegradation, sorption of insecticide by the plants and natural reduction of insecticide over time has also been reported. The degradation in soil follows first-order kinetics. Hydrazinecarboxamide and hydroxyurea were identified as metabolites on conducting GC-MS analysis of the degraded samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Tiwari
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pranjal Tripathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Devendra Mohan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.
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7
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Pedrayes OD, Usamentiaga R. Satellite imagery dataset of manure application on pasture fields. Data Brief 2023; 46:108786. [PMID: 36506798 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Applying manure to pasture fields is a very common method of fertilization. However, rainfall can cause the manure to leach into water bodies near the field, contaminating the water and damaging the environment and the animals living in it, ultimately affecting human life. This paper presents a dataset consisting of images of 30 plots after manure application, verified by on-site investigations. This involved visiting 38 different plots, of which 8 were discarded because they were not suitable, either because of their small size, the lack of a specific manure application date, or the images being too cloudy in that period. The imagery is collected through Google Earth Engine using the satellite Sentinel-2, which offers 13 hyperspectral bands in the range of ultraviolet and near-infrared wavelengths including the visible spectrum. From these 13 bands, the most common hyperspectral indices in the literature for precision agriculture are calculated and added into the images as channels. 51 hyperspectral indices are calculated, summing up to a total of 64 channels per image when adding the raw bands from Sentinel-2. No normalization has been performed on any of the channels. The data can be used for further research of automatic classification of manure application to control its use and prevent contamination.
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Baker M, Williams AD, Hooton SPT, Helliwell R, King E, Dodsworth T, María Baena-Nogueras R, Warry A, Ortori CA, Todman H, Gray-Hammerton CJ, Pritchard ACW, Iles E, Cook R, Emes RD, Jones MA, Kypraios T, West H, Barrett DA, Ramsden SJ, Gomes RL, Hudson C, Millard AD, Raman S, Morris C, Dodd CER, Kreft JU, Hobman JL, Stekel DJ. Antimicrobial resistance in dairy slurry tanks: A critical point for measurement and control. Environ Int 2022; 169:107516. [PMID: 36122459 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Waste from dairy production is one of the largest sources of contamination from antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) and genes (ARGs) in many parts of the world. However, studies to date do not provide necessary evidence to inform antimicrobial resistance (AMR) countermeasures. We undertook a detailed, interdisciplinary, longitudinal analysis of dairy slurry waste. The slurry contained a population of ARB and ARGs, with resistances to current, historical and never-used on-farm antibiotics; resistances were associated with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and mobile elements (ISEcp1, Tn916, Tn21-family transposons). Modelling and experimental work suggested that these populations are in dynamic equilibrium, with microbial death balanced by fresh input. Consequently, storing slurry without further waste input for at least 60 days was predicted to reduce ARB spread onto land, with > 99 % reduction in cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli. The model also indicated that for farms with low antibiotic use, further reductions are unlikely to reduce AMR further. We conclude that the slurry tank is a critical point for measurement and control of AMR, and that actions to limit the spread of AMR from dairy waste should combine responsible antibiotic use, including low total quantity, avoidance of human critical antibiotics, and choosing antibiotics with shorter half-lives, coupled with appropriate slurry storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Baker
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Alexander D Williams
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Steven P T Hooton
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; (a)Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Richard Helliwell
- School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Ruralis, University Centre Dragvoll, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elizabeth King
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Thomas Dodsworth
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; ResChem Analytical Ltd, 8 Jubilee Parkway, Jubilee Business Park, Stores Road, Derby DE21 4BJ, UK
| | - Rosa María Baena-Nogueras
- Food Water Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Andrew Warry
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Catherine A Ortori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Henry Todman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Charlotte J Gray-Hammerton
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Alexander C W Pritchard
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ethan Iles
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ryan Cook
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Richard D Emes
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Michael A Jones
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Theodore Kypraios
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Helen West
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - David A Barrett
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stephen J Ramsden
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Rachel L Gomes
- Food Water Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chris Hudson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Andrew D Millard
- (a)Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Sujatha Raman
- School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Centre for Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Linnaeus Way, Acton ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia
| | - Carol Morris
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Christine E R Dodd
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jan-Ulrich Kreft
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT
| | - Jon L Hobman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Dov J Stekel
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Rossmore, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Huygens J, Rasschaert G, Heyndrickx M, Dewulf J, Van Coillie E, Quataert P, Daeseleire E, Becue I. Impact of fertilization with pig or calf slurry on antibiotic residues and resistance genes in the soil. Sci Total Environ 2022; 822:153518. [PMID: 35101484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes can enter the environment via fertilization with calf and pig manure. In a longitudinal study, nine antibiotic resistance genes (tet(B), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), tet(W), erm(B), erm(F) and sul2) and 56 antibiotic residues were investigated in 288 soil samples and 8 corresponding slurry samples from 6 pig farms and 2 veal farms using qPCR and LC-MS/MS, respectively. A significant increase in gene copy number of tet(M), erm(B), erm(F) and sul2 was observed in all the soil layers between sampling times prior to (T1) and 2-3 weeks after fertilization (T3). Tet(B), tet(Q) and tet(L) were least abundant in the soil among the genes tested. From 7 classes of antibiotics, 20 residues were detected in soil and slurry using an optimized and validated extraction method. Flumequine was detected in all soil samples in concentrations below 100 μg/kg despite being detected in only half of the corresponding slurry samples. Doxycycline, oxytetracycline, lincomycin and sulfadiazine were also frequently detected in concentrations ranging from 0.1 μg/kg to 500 μg/kg and from 2 μg/kg and 9480 μg/kg in soil and slurry, respectively. Furthermore a positive association between the presence of antibiotic residues (total antibiotic load) and antibiotic resistance genes in soil was found. One possible explanation for this is a simultaneous introduction of antibiotic residues and resistance genes upon application of animal slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Huygens
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Geertrui Rasschaert
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium.
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium; Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Dewulf
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Els Van Coillie
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Paul Quataert
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Science Unit, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Els Daeseleire
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Ilse Becue
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
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10
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Zhang X, Liu C, Liao W, Wang S, Zhang W, Xie J, Gao Z. Separation efficiency of different solid-liquid separation technologies for slurry and gas emissions of liquid and solid fractions: A meta-analysis. J Environ Manage 2022; 310:114777. [PMID: 35219208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solid-liquid separation (SLS) technology is widely used in the slurry management in animal farms. This study conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 45 published articles to evaluate the differences in separation efficiencies (SEX-SF) of various SLSs and the changes of gas emissions before and after the separation during on-farm slurry storage. The results indicated that the SEX-SF of the untreated raw slurry and acidified slurry were consistently greater than those of the digested slurry, and centrifugation resulted in greater SEX-SF than the other mechanical methods. Both measured and simulated data showed that the centrifuge technology had greater reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to the screw press (56.1-58.0% vs. 38.9-40.2% for untreated slurry, and 29.7-30.2% vs. 22.5-23.2% for digested slurry), mainly due to CH4 reduction. Additionally, we identify the need for further assessment of the environmental risks that are associated with SLSs for the development of an optimal slurry management chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University. Baoding, PR China
| | - Chunjing Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University. Baoding, PR China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Wenhua Liao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University. Baoding, PR China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University. Baoding, PR China
| | - Weitao Zhang
- General Husbandry Station of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Jianzhi Xie
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University. Baoding, PR China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Zhiling Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University. Baoding, PR China; Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China.
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11
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Lin S, Mezbahuddin S, Grant R, Hernandez-Ramirez G. How could simulated dewatering of slurry mitigate nitrous oxide emissions from fall and spring injections? - A modelling study in a Chernozem soil in Western Canada. Sci Total Environ 2021; 796:148758. [PMID: 34274665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Process-based ecosystem models, such as ecosys, can be useful tools to gain insights and accurately project nitrous oxide (N2O) inventories in national, regional and global scales, and to explore potential emission reduction strategies. Our objectives are to investigate how the ecosys model simulate the effects of fall and spring slurry injections on N2O production and if de-watering slurry could become a potential N2O mitigation strategy for both fall and spring injections. The ecosys model was used to simulate hourly N2O fluxes from 2014 to 2017 in a cropping system with and without slurry (fall and spring additions) in comparison with field measurements in Alberta, Canada. Furthermore, we performed simulations of de-watered fall and spring slurry applications in the same scenarios. Our results showed ecosys adequately simulated soil temperatures and moisture contents at 10 and 20 cm depths [correlation coefficients (r) ≥ 0.929 for temperatures; r ≥ 0.529 for moistures]. The divergences of modelled and measured soil water contents during spring thaws could be attributed to uncertainties in model inputs for soil hydrological parameters as well as uncertainties in field measurements. The model captured reasonably well the dynamics of N2O fluxes from soils receiving fall and spring slurry (r = 0.356). However, the concurrent discrepancies of N2O fluxes between modelled and measured values during the wetter spring thaw of 2017 might be a result of an unsatisfactory simulation of snowmelt infiltration and runoff. Compared to whole slurry, simulated de-watered slurry resulted in considerable reductions in cumulative N2O emissions by 16-36 and 23-29% for fall and spring slurry injections, respectively. The model results indicate that de-watering slurry would potentially be an efficient emission mitigation strategy; however, there is still a paucity of studies addressing the feasibility of dewatering as a practice and further research can focus on this knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Lin
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Symon Mezbahuddin
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Natural Resource Management Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robert Grant
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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12
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Mori A. Farmyard manure application and associated root proliferation improve the net greenhouse gas balance of Italian ryegrass - Maize double-cropping field in Nasu, Japan. Sci Total Environ 2021; 792:148332. [PMID: 34147791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In Japan, most cows are fed indoors, so cow manure must be carefully treated and used to manage soil fertility. The objective of this study was to compare the net greenhouse gas (GHG) balance (NGHGB) of Italian ryegrass - corn (maize) double-cropping fields receiving farmyard manure (FYM), slurry, or methane fermentation digestion liquid (MFDL). FYM, Slurry, MFDL, mineral fertilizer only (Fert.), and no-N control (Cont.) plots were set up in a randomized block design (n = 3). FYM, slurry, or MFDL was applied to meet the K requirement for forage production, and then mineral fertilizers were supplemented to meet the N and P requirements. From September 2017 to September 2020, C inputs as manure and crop residue, heterotrophic respiration (RH), and emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil were determined. The similarity of the total yields in FYM, Slurry, MFDL, and Fert. plots reflected judicious fertility management. However, the residue-C input of Italian ryegrass was 38% greater in FYM plots than in the other plots. Manure-C input decreased in the order of FYM > Slurry > MFDL plots. RH was greater in FYM and Slurry plots than in MFDL plots. Net ecosystem C balance (NECB) ([residue-C + manure-C] - [RH-C + CH4-C]) decreased in the order of FYM > Slurry > MFDL plots. N2O emission was greater in Slurry and MFDL plots than in FYM plots. Consequently, NGHGB ([CH4 and N2O emissions] - NECB) in terms of CO2 equivalent decreased in the order of MFDL > Slurry > FYM plots, so FYM application contributed most to GHG mitigation. Yield-scaled NGHGB was smallest in FYM plots owing to the synergy of the greatest residue-C and manure-C inputs, less N2O emission, and the achievement of a high enough yield, reflecting judicious fertility management based on manure and mineral fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Mori
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, 768 Senbonmatsu, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2793, Japan.
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13
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Nag R, Monahan C, Whyte P, Markey BK, O'Flaherty V, Bolton D, Fenton O, Richards KG, Cummins E. Risk assessment of Escherichia coli in bioaerosols generated following land application of farmyard slurry. Sci Total Environ 2021; 791:148189. [PMID: 34119787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transfer of Escherichia coli in bioaerosols to humans during and shortly after the land application of farmyard slurry may pose human health hazards, but it has not been extensively explored to date. The present study developed a quantitative risk assessment model for E. coli through the air exposure route. The probabilistic model assessed the predicted number of microorganisms in the air (PNair) to which humans may be exposed. A Gaussian air dispersion model was used to calculate the concentration of E. coli transmitted through aerosols. Human exposure (HE) to E. coli was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation approach. This research predicted the mean HE as 26 CFU day-1 (95th percentile 263 CFU day-1) and suggests the importance of keeping a distance of at least 100 m for the residential population from land spreading activities. However, the simulated mean daily or annual (once a year application) risk of 2.65 × 10-7 person-1 year-1 due to land application of slurry indicates very low occupational risk for farmworkers not equipped with the personal protective equipment (PPE), who are potentially exposed to E. coli indirectly. The model found that the decay constant of E. coli in air, duration of decay, and bio-aerosolisation efficiency factor (top three) could influence HE to airborne E. coli. Furthermore, this research recommends an average time lag of at least 2.5 h following the application of farmyard slurry to the field before humans access the field again without PPE, allowing the airborne pathogen to decay, thereby ensuring occupational safety. The model suggested that the bio-aerosolisation efficiency factor (E) for other pathogens requires further investigation. The information generated from this model can help to assess likely exposure from bioaerosols triggered by land application of farmyard slurry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Nag
- University College Dublin School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Ciaran Monahan
- University College Dublin School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- University College Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Bryan K Markey
- University College Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- National University of Ireland Galway, School of Natural Sciences, Galway, Ireland
| | - Declan Bolton
- TEAGASC, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Owen Fenton
- TEAGASC, Environment Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, County Wexford, Ireland
| | - Karl G Richards
- TEAGASC, Environment Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, County Wexford, Ireland
| | - Enda Cummins
- University College Dublin School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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14
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Nag R, Markey BK, Whyte P, O'Flaherty V, Bolton D, Fenton O, Richards KG, Cummins E. A Bayesian inference approach to quantify average pathogen loads in farmyard manure and slurry using open-source Irish datasets. Sci Total Environ 2021; 786:147474. [PMID: 33965832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Farm-to-fork quantitative microbial risk assessments (QMRA) typically start with a preliminary estimate of initial concentration (Cinitial) of microorganism loading at farm level, consisting of an initial estimate of prevalence (P) and the resulting pathogen levels in animal faeces. An average estimation of the initial concentration of pathogens can be achieved by combining P estimates in animal populations and the levels of pathogens in colonised animals' faeces and resulting cumulative levels in herd farmyard manure and slurry (FYM&S). In the present study, 14 years of data were collated and assessed using a Bayesian inference loop to assess the likely P of pathogens. In this regard, historical and current survey data exists on P estimates for a number of pathogens, including Cryptosporidium parvum, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp., Campylobacter spp., pathogenic E. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes in several species (cattle, pigs, and sheep) in Ireland. The results revealed that Cryptosporidium spp. has potentially the highest mean P (Pmean) (25.93%), followed by MAP (15.68%) and Campylobacter spp. (8.80%) for cattle. The Pmean of E. coli is highest (7.42%) in pigs, while the Pmean of Clostridium spp. in sheep was estimated to be 7.94%. Cinitial for Cryptosporidium spp., MAP., Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp., and Campylobacter spp. in cattle faeces were derived with an average of 2.69, 4.38, 4.24, 3.46, and 3.84 log10 MPN g -1, respectively. Average Cinitial of Cryptosporidium spp., Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp., and E. coli in pig slurry was estimated as 1.27, 3.12, 3.02, and 4.48 log10 MPN g -1, respectively. It was only possible to calculate the average Cinitial of Listeria monocytogenes in sheep manure as 1.86 log10 MPN g -1. This study creates a basis for future farm-to-fork risk assessment models to base initial pathogen loading values for animal faeces and enhance risk assessment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Nag
- University College Dublin, School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Bryan K Markey
- University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Paul Whyte
- University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- National University of Ireland Galway, School of Natural Sciences, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Declan Bolton
- TEAGASC, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
| | - Owen Fenton
- TEAGASC, Environment Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, County Wexford, Ireland.
| | - Karl G Richards
- TEAGASC, Environment Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, County Wexford, Ireland.
| | - Enda Cummins
- University College Dublin, School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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15
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Jindal P, Bedi J, Singh R, Aulakh R, Gill JP. Epidemiological assessment of antibiotic residues in dairy farm milk and farm waste and water in northern India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:29455-29466. [PMID: 33559823 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are frequently used in the dairy sector for prophylactic uses along with therapeutic purposes. Throughout the globe, antibiotic resistance has turned out as one of the greatest public health issue with greater concern in developing countries, such as India. On the matrix wise comparison of the study, slurry samples in all three farming systems show the highest proportion of positive samples. Out of 153 slurry samples, 15.6% samples showed the presence of antibiotic residues. Eighteen milk samples (11.7%) showed the presence of residues following this trend. Only one sample (0.65%) was positive of animal drinking water in the study. None of the targeted residues were found in any sample of human drinking water. The four pond water samples showed the prevalence of residues of oxytetracycline (2 samples) and enrofloxacin (2 samples). Medium size farms (10-30 animals) comprised comparative higher levels than small (< 10) and large farms (> 30). The excretion mass modelling of antibiotics released in the environment indicated 8325.41 kg of oxytetracycline and 12,498.89 kg of enrofloxacin per year. The study helps in providing understanding in the relation between antibiotics usage and dissemination of their residues to the environment which may result in likely ecotoxicological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Jindal
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India.
| | - Jasbir Bedi
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Randhir Singh
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rabinder Aulakh
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jatinder Paul Gill
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
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16
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Jindal P, Bedi J, Singh R, Aulakh R, Gill J. Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolated from dairy farm milk, farm slurry and water in Punjab, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:28556-28570. [PMID: 33544346 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a mushrooming pandemic at national and international levels which if not controlled at this very moment, can lead to global problems. Main reason for emerging bacterial resistance is repeated exposure of bacteria to antimicrobial agents and access of bacteria to increasingly large pools of antimicrobial resistance genes in mixed bacterial populations. A total of 51 villages were sampled in the current study contributing to a total of 153 farms. A total of 612 samples comprising 153 each of raw pooled milk samples, slurry, animal drinking water and human drinking water were gathered from small, medium and large farms located in all seven tehsils of Ludhiana district of Punjab. In addition to that, 37 samples of village pond water were also collected from the targeted villages. Out of total 153 slurry, raw pooled milk samples, animal drinking water and human drinking water samples (each), the prevalence of 24.8%, 60%, 26.7% and 16.3% was found for E. coli respectively. On the other hand, for Klebsiella, the overall prevalence of 19.6%, 51%, 20.2% and 5.8% was found from slurry, raw pooled milk samples, animal drinking water and human drinking water respectively. In all matrices, the comparative frequency of resistance genes in positive isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae was: tetA > tetB > tetC, qnrS > qnrB > qnrA, sulII > sulI > sulIII. The highest proportion of resistance genes was found in slurry (193 genes) followed by milk (71 genes). The overall pattern of resistant genes was tetA > sulII > qnrS. In conclusion, data from the present study suggested that commensal E. coli and Klebsiella may act as reservoirs of antimicrobial drug resistance genes which may be mobilised into human populations and untreated animal waste may be considered an important source of resistant bacteria leading to environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Jindal
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India.
| | - Jasbir Bedi
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Randhir Singh
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rabinder Aulakh
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jatinder Gill
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
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17
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Macedo G, van Veelen HPJ, Hernandez-Leal L, van der Maas P, Heederik D, Mevius D, Bossers A, Schmitt H. Targeted metagenomics reveals inferior resilience of farm soil resistome compared to soil microbiome after manure application. Sci Total Environ 2021; 770:145399. [PMID: 33736375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Application of animal manure to soils results in the introduction of manure-derived bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) into soils. ResCap is a novel targeted-metagenomic approach that allows the detection of minority components of the resistome gene pool without the cost-prohibitive coverage depths and can provide a valuable tool to study the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment. We used high-throughput sequencing and qPCR for 16S rRNA gene fragments as well as ResCap to explore the dynamics of bacteria, and ARGs introduced to soils and adjacent water ditches, both at community and individual scale, over a period of three weeks. The soil bacteriome and resistome showed strong resilience to the input of manure, as manuring did not impact the overall structure of the bacteriome, and its effects on the resistome were transient. Initially, manure application resulted in a substantial increase of ARGs in soils and adjacent waters, while not affecting the overall bacterial community composition. Still, specific families increased after manure application, either through the input of manure (e.g., Dysgonomonadaceae) or through enrichment after manuring (e.g., Pseudomonadaceae). Depending on the type of ARG, manure application resulted mostly in an increase (e.g., aph(6)-Id), but occasionally also in a decrease (e.g., dfrB3) of the absolute abundance of ARG clusters (FPKM/kg or L). This study shows that the structures of the bacteriome and resistome are shaped by different factors, where the bacterial community composition could not explain the changes in ARG diversity or abundances. Also, it highlights the potential of applying targeted metagenomic techniques, such as ResCap, to study the fate of AMR in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Macedo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - H Pieter J van Veelen
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Lucia Hernandez-Leal
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Maas
- Van Hall Larenstein, University of Applied Sciences, Agora 1, 8901 BV Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584, CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dik Mevius
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Alex Bossers
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584, CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Infection Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Heike Schmitt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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18
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Cook R, Hooton S, Trivedi U, King L, Dodd CER, Hobman JL, Stekel DJ, Jones MA, Millard AD. Hybrid assembly of an agricultural slurry virome reveals a diverse and stable community with the potential to alter the metabolism and virulence of veterinary pathogens. Microbiome 2021; 9:65. [PMID: 33743832 PMCID: PMC7981956 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth, known to be crucial components of microbial ecosystems. However, there is little information on the viral community within agricultural waste. There are currently ~ 2.7 million dairy cattle in the UK producing 7-8% of their own bodyweight in manure daily, and 28 million tonnes annually. To avoid pollution of UK freshwaters, manure must be stored and spread in accordance with guidelines set by DEFRA. Manures are used as fertiliser, and widely spread over crop fields, yet little is known about their microbial composition. We analysed the virome of agricultural slurry over a 5-month period using short and long-read sequencing. RESULTS Hybrid sequencing uncovered more high-quality viral genomes than long or short-reads alone; yielding 7682 vOTUs, 174 of which were complete viral genomes. The slurry virome was highly diverse and dominated by lytic bacteriophage, the majority of which represent novel genera (~ 98%). Despite constant influx and efflux of slurry, the composition and diversity of the slurry virome was extremely stable over time, with 55% of vOTUs detected in all samples over a 5-month period. Functional annotation revealed a diverse and abundant range of auxiliary metabolic genes and novel features present in the community, including the agriculturally relevant virulence factor VapE, which was widely distributed across different phage genera that were predicted to infect several hosts. Furthermore, we identified an abundance of phage-encoded diversity-generating retroelements, which were previously thought to be rare on lytic viral genomes. Additionally, we identified a group of crAssphages, including lineages that were previously thought only to be found in the human gut. CONCLUSIONS The cattle slurry virome is complex, diverse and dominated by novel genera, many of which are not recovered using long or short-reads alone. Phages were found to encode a wide range of AMGs that are not constrained to particular groups or predicted hosts, including virulence determinants and putative ARGs. The application of agricultural slurry to land may therefore be a driver of bacterial virulence and antimicrobial resistance in the environment. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Cook
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Steve Hooton
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Urmi Trivedi
- Edinburgh Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Liz King
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Christine E R Dodd
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Jon L Hobman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Dov J Stekel
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Michael A Jones
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Andrew D Millard
- Dept Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, Leicestershire, LE1 7RH, UK.
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Lanyon CW, King JR, Stekel DJ, Gomes RL. A Model to Investigate the Impact of Farm Practice on Antimicrobial Resistance in UK Dairy Farms. Bull Math Biol 2021; 83:36. [PMID: 33646415 PMCID: PMC7921080 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-021-00865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ecological and human health impact of antibiotic use and the related antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal husbandry is poorly understood. In many countries, there has been considerable pressure to reduce overall antibiotic use in agriculture or to cease or minimise use of human critical antibiotics. However, a more nuanced approach would consider the differential impact of use of different antibiotic classes; for example, it is not known whether reduced use of bacteriostatic or bacteriolytic classes of antibiotics would be of greater value. We have developed an ordinary differential equation model to investigate the effects of farm practice on the spread and persistence of AMR in the dairy slurry tank environment. We model the chemical fate of bacteriolytic and bacteriostatic antibiotics within the slurry and their effect on a population of bacteria, which are capable of resistance to both types of antibiotic. Through our analysis, we find that changing the rate at which a slurry tank is emptied may delay the proliferation of multidrug-resistant bacteria by up to five years depending on conditions. This finding has implications for farming practice and the policies that influence waste management practices. We also find that, within our model, the development of multidrug resistance is particularly sensitive to the use of bacteriolytic antibiotics, rather than bacteriostatic antibiotics, and this may be cause for controlling the usage of bacteriolytic antibiotics in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Lanyon
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL, UK.
| | - John R King
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL, UK
| | - Dov J Stekel
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Rachel L Gomes
- Food, Water, Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Nolan S, Thorn CE, Ashekuzzaman SM, Kavanagh I, Nag R, Bolton D, Cummins E, O'Flaherty V, Abram F, Richards K, Fenton O. Landspreading with co-digested cattle slurry, with or without pasteurisation, as a mitigation strategy against pathogen, nutrient and metal contamination associated with untreated slurry. Sci Total Environ 2020; 744:140841. [PMID: 32755776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
North Atlantic European grassland systems have a low nutrient use efficiency and high rainfall. This grassland is typically amended with unprocessed slurry, which counteracts soil organic matter depletion and provides essential plant micronutrients but can be mobilised during rainfall events thereby contributing to pathogen, nutrient and metal incidental losses. Co-digesting slurry with waste from food processing mitigates agriculture-associated environmental impacts but may alter microbial, nutrient and metal profiles and their transmission to watercourses, and/or soil persistence, grass yield and uptake. The impact of EU and alternative pasteurisation regimes on transmission potential of these various pollutants is not clearly understood, particularly in pasture-based agricultural systems. This study utilized simulated rainfall (Amsterdam drip-type) at a high intensity indicative of a worst-case scenario of ~11 mm hr-1 applied to plots 1, 2, 15 and 30 days after grassland application of slurry, unpasteurised digestate, pasteurised digestate (two conditions) and untreated controls. Runoff and soil samples were collected and analysed for a suite of potential pollutants including bacteria, nutrients and metals following rainfall simulation. Grass samples were collected for three months following application to assess yield as well as nutrient and metal uptake. For each environmental parameter tested: microbial, nutrient and metal runoff losses; accumulation in soil and uptake in grass, digestate from anaerobic co-digestion of slurry with food processing waste resulted in lower pollution potential than traditional landspreading of slurry without treatment. Reduced microbial runoff from digestate was the most prominent advantage of digestate application. Pasteurisation of the digestate further augmented those environmental benefits, without impacting grass output. Anaerobic co-digestion of slurry is therefore a multi-beneficial circular approach to reducing impacts of livestock production on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nolan
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Co. Galway, Ireland; Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - C E Thorn
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - S M Ashekuzzaman
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - I Kavanagh
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - R Nag
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Bolton
- Teagasc, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - E Cummins
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - V O'Flaherty
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - F Abram
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - K Richards
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - O Fenton
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland.
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Moradi Tuchayi S, Tam J, Wojtkiewicz GR, Kawa NI, Javorsky E, Anderson RR, Garibyan L. Injectable slurry for selective destruction of neck adipose tissue in New Zealand obese mouse model. Sleep Breath 2020; 24:1715-8. [PMID: 32474829 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased neck circumference is a major risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). New data suggest that increased adipose tissue in the neck may be a contributory cause of OSA. The aim of this study was to investigate safety and efficacy of a recently developed injectable ice slurry in selective reduction of neck adipose tissue in a mouse model. METHODS We used the New Zealand obese mice that have increased volume of anterior neck fat, and are commonly used in OSA studies. MRI imaging was used to measure changes in fat tissue volume. RESULTS Thirty animals were used in this study. Volumetric measurements in MRI images showed thatchanges in anterior neck adipose tissue volume from baseline in treated mice was significantly different in comparison with the control group (-1.09/kg ± 0.33/kg vs 0.68/kg ± 0.37/kg; p < 0.01 by two-tailed Student's t test). Histological analysis of samples from the treated area of the neck did not show scarring or damage to the surrounding tissues. CONCLUSIONS Injection of ice slurry safely, effectively, and selectively reduces upper airway fat in New Zealand obese mice without scarring or damage to surrounding tissue. Our results suggest that slurry injection may be a novel and minimally invasive method of removing neck adipose tissue. This intervention should be further investigated to determine its suitability for treatment of OSA.
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Soares AS, Miranda C, Teixeira CA, Coutinho J, Trindade H, Coelho AC. Impact of different treatments on Escherichia coli during storage of cattle slurry. J Environ Manage 2019; 236:323-327. [PMID: 30738303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There are different types of effluents from farming operations including untreated slurry (a mixture of manure, urine, split feed, and water), and treated slurry that normally is filtered to separate the solid fraction from the liquid fraction. With the amount of slurry applied on the soils as fertiliser every year, there are necessary to measure the leaching of microbial capable of transmitting infective agents that can be normally on slurry, because slurry can be a potential biohazard capable of transmitting infective agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and survival of Escherichia coli (E. coli) on liquid fraction of dairy slurry, with the addition of different treatments during storage, such as addition of Biochar, beneficial microorganisms, sulphuric acid and the combinations of them. All the applied treatments to slurry show statistically significant differences (P < 0.001), according to the different sampling dates. Results showed that there are conditions and treatments that benefit the survival probability of E. coli, the treatments that include the acidification of slurry have the highest averages of CFU/ml (243288.3 at 37 °C; 136584 at 44 °C). These results can contribute to the improvement of the quality of slurry applied on soils, beneficiating agriculture but also public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Soares
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal.
| | - Carla Miranda
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - Carlos Afonso Teixeira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - João Coutinho
- Chemistry Centre, Department of Soil Science, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - Henrique Trindade
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Coelho
- The Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Fan L, Shahbaz M, Ge T, Wu J, Kuzyakov Y, Dorodnikov M. To shake or not to shake: Silicone tube approach for incubation studies on CH 4 oxidation in submerged soils. Sci Total Environ 2019; 657:893-901. [PMID: 30677954 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Incubation experiments are the most common approach to measure methane (CH4) oxidation potential in soils from various ecosystems and land-use practices. However, the commonly used headspace CH4 injection into microcosms and the shaking of the soil slurry during incubation fully removes CH4 (soil-born) and O2 (air-born) gradients common in situ, and may also induce various errors and disturbances. As an alternative, we propose CH4 input into microcosm soils via a silicone tube located within the slurry. We hypothesized that (i) poor CH4 diffusion in slurry will be compensated by direct CH4 delivery into the slurry via a silicone tube and, consequently, (ii) shaking of microcosms can be substituted with the soil silicone tube CH4 injection. During a 29-day submerged paddy soil incubation, the highest net CH4 oxidation rate was 1.6 μg C g-1 dry soil h-1, measured between the 3rd and 7th day after injecting 13CH4 into the slurry via a silicone tube without shaking. This rate was 1.5-2.5 times faster than the respective CH4 oxidation after headspace injection without shaking (1st hypothesis supported). As expected, shaking accelerated CH4 oxidation regardless of injection methods by 3.2-3.7 times (most intensively on days 3-7) compared to headspace injection without shaking. Nonetheless, the rates were similar between silicone tube injection without shaking and headspace injection with shaking. This supports the hypothesized potential of silicone tubes to substitute the common shaking method (2nd hypothesis). Furthermore, shaking increased the incorporation of 13C from CH4 into soil organic matter and microbial biomass by 1.8-2.7 times compared with CH4 injection into tubes and the static control without tubes. This reflects an overestimation of CH4 oxidation due to shaking. We conclude that direct soil CH4 injection via silicone tubes is advantageous in incubation experiments because gas concentration gradients are maintained and thereby more realistically reflect natural soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Fan
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tida Ge
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region & Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 420049 Kazan, Russia
| | - Maxim Dorodnikov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Chase JA, Partyka ML, Bond RF, Atwill ER. Environmental inactivation and irrigation-mediated regrowth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on romaine lettuce when inoculated in a fecal slurry matrix. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6591. [PMID: 30867998 PMCID: PMC6410689 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Field trials were conducted in July-August and October 2012 to quantify the inactivation rate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 when mixed with fecal slurry and applied to romaine lettuce leaves. Lettuce was grown under commercial conditions in Salinas Valley, California. One-half milliliter of rabbit, chicken, or pig fecal slurry, containing an average of 4.05 × 107 CFU E. coli O157:H7 (C0), was inoculated onto the upper (adaxial) surface of a lower leaf on 288 heads of lettuce per trial immediately following a 2.5 h irrigation event. To estimate the bacterial inactivation rate as a function of time, fecal matrix, irrigation and seasonal climate effects, sets of lettuce heads (n = 28) were sampled each day over 10 days and the concentration of E. coli O157:H7 (Ct) determined. E. coli O157:H7 was detected on 100% of heads during the 10-day duration, with concentrations ranging from ≤340 MPN/head (∼5-log reduction) to >3.45 × 1012 MPN/head (∼5-log growth). Relative to C0, on day 10 (Ct = 12) we observed an overall 2.6-log and 3.2-log mean reduction of E. coli O157:H7 in July and October, respectively. However, we observed relative maximum concentrations due to bacterial growth on day 6 (maximum Ct = 8) apparently stimulated by foliar irrigation on day 5. From this maximum there was a mean 5.3-log and 5.1-log reduction by day 10 (Ct = 12) for the July and October trials, respectively. This study provides insight into the inactivation and growth kinetics of E. coli O157:H7 on romaine lettuce leaves under natural field conditions. This study provides evidence that harvesting within 24 h post irrigation has the potential to increase the concentration of E. coli O157:H7 contamination, if present on heads of romaine lettuce; foliar irrigation can temporarily stimulate substantial regrowth of E. coli O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Chase
- Western Center for Food Safety, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Melissa L. Partyka
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ronald F. Bond
- Western Center for Food Safety, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Edward R. Atwill
- Western Center for Food Safety, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Aziz Y, Shah GA, Rashid MI. ZnO nanoparticles and zeolite influence soil nutrient availability but do not affect herbage nitrogen uptake from biogas slurry. Chemosphere 2019; 216:564-575. [PMID: 30390587 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there is a growing interest among agriculturists to use nanotechnology for the development of nutrient-use efficient fertilizers. However, its sustainable use for the synthesis of mineral or organic nano-fertilizers requires a thoughtful of the mechanism as well as the fate of nutrients and their interaction with soil-plant systems. Therefore, the aim of current study was to investigate the mixing of three different application rates of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs: 1.4, 2.8 and 3.6 mg kg-1 soil) as well as zeolite (141, 282 and 423 mg kg-1 soil) with biogas slurry (AS) on soil nutrient availability and herbage nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) uptake in a standard pot experiment. We found that both ZNPs and zeolite significantly increased mineral N content in soil compared to AS alone (P < 0.05). On the other hand, plant available phosphorus or potassium and microbial biomass carbon (C) in the soil were neither significantly affected by any application rate of ZNPs nor zeolite mixed AS. Soil microbial biomass N was significantly higher in second and third application rates of both ZNPs and zeolite amended AS treatments compared to AS alone. However, this increment in mineral N did not influence shoot uptake and herbage apparent recovery of this nutrient from AS. Similarly, co-mixing of both ZNPs and zeolite in AS did not influence shoot N uptake but Zn uptake was significantly higher in this treatment compared to AS alone. Therefore, this combination would be considered for improving crop Zn uptake under such fertilizer management regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Aziz
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas Shah
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Sub-campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
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Shen J, Treu R, Wang J, Nicholson F, Bhogal A, Thorman R. Modeling nitrous oxide emissions from digestate and slurry applied to three agricultural soils in the United Kingdom: Fluxes and emission factors. Environ Pollut 2018; 243:1952-1965. [PMID: 30318134 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic fertilizers, such as digestates and manure, are increasingly applied in agricultural systems because of the benefits they provide in terms of plant nutrients and soil quality. However, there are few investigations of N2O emissions following digestate application to agricultural soils using process-based models. In this study, we modified the UK-DNDC model to include digestate applications to soils by adding digestate properties to the model and considering the effect of organic fertilizer pH. Using the modified model, N2O emissions were simulated from two organic fertilizers (digested food waste and livestock slurry) applied to three farms in the United Kingdom: one growing winter wheat at Wensum (WE) and two grasslands at Pwllpeiran (PW) and North Wyke (NW). The annual cumulative gross (i.e. not excluding control emission) N2O emissions were calculated using MATLAB trapezoidal numerical integration. The relative errors of the modeled annual cumulative emissions to the measured emissions ranged from -5.4% to 48%. Two-factor models, including linear, exponential and hyperbola responses, correlating total N loading and soil clay content to calculations of N2O emissions and N2O emission factors (EFs) were developed for calculations of emission fluxes and EFs. The squares of the correlation coefficients of the measured and two-factor linear modeled emissions were 0.998 and 0.999 for digestate and slurry, respectively, and the corresponding squares of correlation coefficients of the EFs were 0.998 and 0.938. The two-factor linear model also predicted that the EFs increased linearly with decreasing clay content and the maximum EFs for digestate and slurry were 0.95 and 0.76% of total N applied, respectively. This demonstrates that the modified UK_DNDC is a good tool to simulate N2O emission from digestate and slurry and to calculate UK EFs using TIER 3 methodology..
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Shen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1 University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada
| | - Roland Treu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1 University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada
| | - Junye Wang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, 1 University Drive, Athabasca, Alberta T9S 3A3, Canada.
| | - Fiona Nicholson
- ADAS Gleadthorpe, Meden Vale, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, NG20 9PF, UK
| | - Anne Bhogal
- ADAS Gleadthorpe, Meden Vale, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, NG20 9PF, UK
| | - Rachel Thorman
- ADAS Boxworth, Battlegate Road, Boxworth, Cambridge, CB23 4NN, UK
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Mpendulo CT, Hlatini VA, Ncobela CN, Chimonyo M. Effect of fibrous diets on chemical composition and odours from pig slurry. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 31:1833-1839. [PMID: 27608637 PMCID: PMC6212756 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Incorporating high fibre ingredients into pig diets has the potential to reduce odour emissions from of pigs. The current study was carried out to determine effect of diets containing 0, 80 and 160 g/kg of each of lucerne hay, maize cobs and sunflower husks on the chemical characteristics and odours from pig slurries. METHODS Twenty eight pigs averaging 18±2.0 kg were kept in individual cages, over four weeks. All pigs were fed ad libitum. Faeces and urine were collected, mixed in a 1:2.3 ratio (w/w), stored and fermented for 16 days in a temperature controlled room at 22°C±2.3°C. The slurry was sampled twice (on day 1 and on day 16) of the fermentation period and analysed for pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration, on wet basis. All samples were tested for odour offensiveness using 18 panelists. A scale of 1 to 5 was used to rank the odour severity, (1 = not offensive, 5 = extremely offensive). RESULTS Slurry pH and COD varied with fibre source (p<0.05). On day 16, COD for lucerne hay, sunflower husk and maize cobs were 369, 512, and 425 (standard error of the mean = 34.2) mg of oxygen per litre. Total SCFA concentration was higher at day 16 than day 1 (p< 0.05). Odour offensiveness varied with fibre source across both incubation periods (p<0.05). Sunflower husks and lucerne hay-based diets were rated as less offensive (mean rank = 2.2) than maize cob diets (mean rank of 4.3) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION It was concluded that different fibre sources and incubation period influence chemical composition and odour of the slurry. There is, thereby, a need to incorporate locally available fibrous feeds in the diet of pigs because they have an economical and environmental relevance to pig management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conference Thando Mpendulo
- Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Vuyisa Andries Hlatini
- Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Cypril Ndumiso Ncobela
- Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Michael Chimonyo
- Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Saiga A, Yokota H, Higashide T, Takishima H, Omoto A, Kubota Y, Horikoshi T, Uno T. The Relationship Between Gelatin Sponge Preparation Methods and the Incidence of Intrauterine Synechia Following Uterine Artery Embolization for Postpartum Hemorrhage. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2018; 42:195-204. [PMID: 30238332 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-018-2078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between gelatin sponge preparation methods and the incidence of intrauterine synechia following uterine artery embolization (UAE) for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS In a retrospective monocentric study, we used data from 20 consecutive UAE procedures (19 patients) for PPH, performed in 2007-2016, in which gelatin sponge had been used. The gelatin sponge was processed either into a slurry by pumping it back and forth about 10 times through two syringes connected to a three-way stopcock or into pledgets using a scalpel and small scissors to obtain pieces approximately 2 × 2 × 2 mm in size. Patient information was obtained from medical records, and the data were compared between patients treated with the slurry (n = 7) or pledgets (n = 13) forms. Due to the lack of follow-up data and hysterectomy after UAE, the sample size was 6 and 12 because 1 patient with 2 procedures was excluded. RESULTS The rate of intrauterine synechia was significantly higher in the slurry group (5/6, 83.3%) than that in the pledgets group (0/12, 0%; P < 0.001). In contrast, there were no significant differences in population characteristics, such as the incidence of placenta accreta, non-placental diseases, and severity of shock (DIC score, shock index, or blood loss) between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Although non-randomization and small sample size were the two main limitations, our observations suggest that UAE using gelatin sponge slurry may be associated with a high incidence of intrauterine synechia compared to UAE using pledgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saiga
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan. .,Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Hajime Yokota
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Takashi Higashide
- Department of Radiology, Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital, 90-1, Iida-cho, Narita City, Chiba, 286-8523, Japan
| | - Hazuki Takishima
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Akiko Omoto
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kubota
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Takuro Horikoshi
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Takashi Uno
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
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Pearse LF, Hettiaratchi JP, Kumar S. Towards developing a representative biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay for landfilled municipal solid waste - A review. Bioresour Technol 2018; 254:312-324. [PMID: 29395741 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of slurry-based (semi-liquids) BMP assay in determining biodegradation kinetic parameters of landfilled waste is critically reviewed. Factors affecting the amount and rate of methane (CH4) production during anaerobic degradation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and optimal values of these factors specific to landfill conditions are presented. The history of conventional BMP, and some existing procedures are reviewed. A landfill BMP (LBMP) assay is proposed that manipulates some of the key factors, such as moisture content, particle and sample size, that affects the rate of CH4 production and the CH4 generation potential of landfilled MSW (LMSW). By selecting proper conditions for these factors, a representative BMP assay could be conducted to ensure accurate determinations of CH4 potential and the kinetic parameters k; first order rate coefficient and Lo; methane generation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauretta Feyisetan Pearse
- Center for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph Patrick Hettiaratchi
- Center for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Mrag, Nagpur 440 020, India.
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Crook B, Stagg S, Bowry A, Frost G. Gypsum in animal slurry systems enhances generation of hydrogen sulphide and increases occupational exposure hazard. Sci Total Environ 2017; 609:1381-1389. [PMID: 28797144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide gas (H2S) produced by sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) in stored animal slurry is highly toxic and, if emitted into poorly ventilated confined spaces, can build up to concentrations capable of causing asphyxiation. Therefore it is important to understand factors influencing H2S emission from slurry. Powdered gypsum (hydrated calcium sulphate) may be used as animal bedding and, if it enters slurry systems, could be metabolised by SRB and further increase H2S generation. Cattle slurry and cattle bedding collected from farms was used in laboratory-scale experiments sealed in 20litre vessels fitted with mechanical stirrers. H2S was monitored in head space above the slurry using real-time gas detectors before and after stirring, and before and after adding 1% of two sources of gypsum powder. In one set of experiments, gypsum was already present in the slurry having been used in bedding on the farm. H2S monitoring continued daily for up to 25days. Before stirring, H2S levels in head spaces were minimal. After stirring, even without gypsum, maximum head space H2S levels with slurry or bedding ranged from 330 to 1190ppm. By comparison, the UK short-term (15min) Workplace Exposure Limit is 10ppm. Statistically significant increases in H2S levels were associated with gypsum addition, as high as 1772ppm with slurry and 3940ppm with bedding. Emissions peaked at around day 15 with slurry and bedding to which gypsum was freshly added, but within 5days when added to slurry already containing farm-added gypsum. Levels of H2S produced from stirred slurry would constitute a hazard to anyone exposed to it, and adding gypsum further increased emission levels. Therefore, if gypsum residues enter slurry it could increase the risk of H2S accumulation in confined spaces associated with slurry systems. It is important therefore to take this into account in managing risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Crook
- Health and Safety Executive, Buxton SK17 9JN, UK.
| | | | - Alison Bowry
- Health and Safety Executive, Buxton SK17 9JN, UK.
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31
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Chase JA, Atwill ER, Partyka ML, Bond RF, Oryang D. Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Romaine Lettuce When Inoculated in a Fecal Slurry Matrix. J Food Prot 2017; 80:792-798. [PMID: 28371591 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A field trial was conducted in July 2011 to quantify the inactivation rate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 when mixed with fecal slurry and applied to romaine lettuce leaves. Lettuce was grown under commercial conditions in Salinas Valley, CA. One-half milliliter of rabbit fecal slurry, containing 6.3 × 107 CFU of E. coli O157:H7, was inoculated onto the upper (adaxial) surface of a lower leaf on 240 heads of lettuce within 30 min after a 2.5-h irrigation event. Forty-eight romaine lettuce heads were collected per event at 2.5 h (day 0.1), 19.75 h (day 0.8), 43.25 h (day 1.8), 67.25 h (day 2.8), and 91.75 h (day 3.8) postinoculation and were analyzed for the concentration of E. coli O157:H7 (Ct). E. coli O157:H7 was detected on 100% of collected heads in concentrations ranging from 340 to 3.40 × 1010 most probable number (MPN) per head. Enumeration data indicate substantial growth of E. coli O157:H7 postinoculation (2.5 h), leading to elevated concentrations, 1 to 3 log above the starting inoculum concentration (Co). By the end of the 92-h trial, we observed a net 0.8-log mean reduction of E. coli O157:H7 compared with Co; however, after accounting for the substantial bacterial growth, there was an overall 2.3-log reduction by the final sampling event (92 h). On the basis of two different regression models that used either the raw data for Ct or log-transformed values of Ct/Co during the period 2.5 to 91.75 h postinoculation, there was an estimated 76 to 80% reduction per day in bacterial counts; however, more accurate predictions of MPN per head of lettuce were generated by using non-log-transformed values of Ct. This study provides insight into the survival of E. coli O157:H7 transferred via splash from a contaminated fecal source onto produce during irrigation. Moreover, these findings can help generate inactivation times following a potential contamination incident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Chase
- Western Center for Food Safety, University of California, Davis, 1477 Drew Avenue, Suite 101, Davis, California 95618
| | - Edward R Atwill
- Western Center for Food Safety, University of California, Davis, 1477 Drew Avenue, Suite 101, Davis, California 95618
| | - Melissa L Partyka
- Western Center for Food Safety, University of California, Davis, 1477 Drew Avenue, Suite 101, Davis, California 95618
| | - Ronald F Bond
- Western Center for Food Safety, University of California, Davis, 1477 Drew Avenue, Suite 101, Davis, California 95618
| | - David Oryang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
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Sivagami K, Vikraman B, Krishna RR, Swaminathan T. Chlorpyrifos and Endosulfan degradation studies in an annular slurry photo reactor. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 134:327-331. [PMID: 26560434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 is one of those compounds which are highly used in photocatalytic degradation of substrates using UV radiation. The substrates are degraded oxidatively and hence finds an important position in advanced oxidation for water/wastewater treatment processes. The thrust of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis (HP) technique, for the removal of pesticides from water/wastewater. The photo-catalytic degradation of two pesticides, widely used in India, viz., Endosulfan (ES) and Chlorpyriphos (CPS) was studied in an annular slurry photo reactor under UVillumination at 254nm. Results revealed that the degradation rate is significantly affected by the initial pesticide concentration, pH of the solution and catalyst concentration. Batch degradation studies on Endosulphan and Chlorpyrifos were conducted in the concentration range from 5 to 25mg/L at a pH ranging from 3.5 to 10.5 and at a catalyst loading of 0.5-2g/L. Endosulphan removal efficiency was about 80-99% and chlorpyrifos removal efficiency was about 84-94%. L-H rate constants were determined using L-H kinetics. High removal efficiencies obtained (80-99%) indicate the effectiveness of this process and its potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sivagami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - B Vikraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering,, Sriperumpudur Sriperumpudur, India
| | - R Ravi Krishna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - T Swaminathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Vieira LDBP, Figueiredo ADD. Evaluation of concrete recycling system efficiency for ready-mix concrete plants. Waste Manag 2016; 56:337-351. [PMID: 27478022 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The volume of waste generated annually in concrete plants is quite large and has important environmental and economic consequences. The use of fresh concrete recyclers is an interesting way for the reuse of aggregates and water in new concrete production. This paper presents a study carried out for over one year by one of the largest ready-mix concrete producers in Brazil. This study focused on the evaluation of two recyclers with distinct material separation systems, herein referred to as drum-type and rotary sieve-type equipment. They were evaluated through characterization and monitoring test programs to verify the behaviour of recovered materials (aggregates, water, and slurry). The applicability of the recovered materials (water and aggregates) was also evaluated in the laboratory and at an industrial scale. The results obtained with the two types of recyclers used were equivalent and showed no significant differences. The only exception was in terms of workability. The drum-type recycler generated fewer cases that required increased pumping pressure. The analysis concluded that the use of untreated slurry is unfeasible because of its intense negative effects on the strength and workability of concrete. The reclaimed water, pre-treated to ensure that its density is less than 1.03g/cm(3), can be used on an industrial scale without causing any harm to the concrete. The use of recovered aggregates consequently induces an increase in water demand and cement consumption to ensure the workability conditions of concrete that is proportional to the concrete strength level. Therefore, the viability of their use is restricted to concretes with characteristic strengths lower than 25MPa.
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Shore M, Jordan P, Melland AR, Mellander PE, McDonald N, Shortle G. Incidental nutrient transfers: Assessing critical times in agricultural catchments using high-resolution data. Sci Total Environ 2016; 553:404-415. [PMID: 26933967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Managing incidental losses associated with liquid slurry applications during closed periods has significant cost and policy implications and the environmental data required to review such a measure are difficult to capture due to storm dependencies. Over four years (2010-2014) in five intensive agricultural catchments, this study used high-resolution total and total reactive phosphorus (TP and TRP), total oxidised nitrogen (TON) and suspended sediment (SS) concentrations with river discharge data to investigate the magnitude and timing of nutrient losses. A large dataset of storm events (defined as 90th percentile discharges), and associated flow-weighted mean (FWM) nutrient concentrations and TP/SS ratios, was used to indicate when losses were indicative of residual or incidental nutrient transfers. The beginning of the slurry closed period was reflective of incidental and residual transfers with high storm FWM P (TP and TRP) concentrations, with some catchments also showing elevated storm TP:SS ratios. This pattern diminished at the end of the closed period in all catchments. Total oxidised N behaved similarly to P during storms in the poorly drained catchments and revealed a long lag time in other catchments. Low storm FWM P concentrations and TP:SS ratios during the weeks following the closed period suggests that nutrients either weren't applied during this time (best times chosen) or that they were applied to less risky areas (best places chosen). For other periods such as late autumn and during wet summers, where storm FWM P concentrations and TP:SS ratios were high, it is recommended that an augmentation of farmer knowledge of soil drainage characteristics with local and detailed current and forecast soil moisture conditions will help to strengthen existing regulatory frameworks to avoid storm driven incidental nutrient transfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairead Shore
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Phil Jordan
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, N. Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Alice R Melland
- National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Per-Erik Mellander
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Noeleen McDonald
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - Ger Shortle
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Environment Research Centre, Wexford, Co. Wexford, Ireland
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35
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Szulejko JE, Kim BW, Kim KH, Lee MH, Kim YH, Jo SH, Kwon E, Cho SB, Hwang OH. Estimation of emission factor for odorants released from swine excretion slurries. Sci Total Environ 2016; 548-549:472-478. [PMID: 26888605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the odorant emission rates from excretory wastes collected in sealed containers from a large swine facility were determined offsite in a laboratory using both raw slurry from ([1] windowless pigpen (WP) and [2] open pigpen (OP)) and treated waste samples ([3] composting facility (CF) and [4] slurry treatment facility (SF)). The emission rates of up to 41 volatile odorants were measured for 100g waste samples (of all four types) in a 0.75L impinger with an air change rate of 8h(-1). The initial emission rates (mgkg(-1)·h(-1)) for the most dominant species from each waste type can be summarized as: (1) WP: NH3 (16.3) and H2S (0.54); (2) OP: H2S (1.78), NH3 (1.69), and p-cresol (0.36); (3) CF: NH3 (7.04), CH3SH (0.30), and DMS (0.12); and (4) SF: NH3 (11.7), H2S (11.7), and p-cresol (0.25). Accordingly, the emission factors for the key odorant (mE, kg·pig(-1))) for fattening pigs in the WP and OP facilities of S. Korea were extrapolated as 3.46 (NH3) and 0.38 (H2S), respectively. The emission factors were estimated assuming exponentially decaying emission rates and slurry production rates obtained from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan E Szulejko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Bo-Won Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
| | - Min-Hee Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Jo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Eilhann Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Back Cho
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, South Korea
| | - Ok-Hwa Hwang
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, South Korea
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Wohde M, Berkner S, Junker T, Konradi S, Schwarz L, Düring RA. Occurrence and transformation of veterinary pharmaceuticals and biocides in manure: a literature review. Environ Sci Eur 2016; 28:23. [PMID: 27761355 PMCID: PMC5044974 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-016-0091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The spread of veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) and biocides via manure onto agriculturally used areas represents a very important emission into the environment for these product groups. Within this literature study, publicly available transformation studies with liquid manure are summarized. Transformation studies were evaluated regarding the transformation fate of tested substances, the origin and characteristics of used manure, the experimental setup, and the measured parameters. As main topics within the 42 evaluated transformation studies, the high dependency of transformation on temperature, redox potential, dry matter content, and other parameters is reported. Test duration throughout the studies ranged from 2 to 374 days and study temperature ranged from 5 to 55 °C. Only seven publications gave information on the redox potential of the manure. Further, the characterization of the matrix in many cases was inadequate due to missing parameters such as dry matter content or pH. Only three publications studied transformation of biocides. To allow for a consistent assessment of studies within the registration process, a harmonized internationally accepted and validated test method is needed. Additionally, monitoring data of VMPs in manure were collected from literature and evaluated regarding the origin and characteristics of the manure, the minimum/maximum found concentrations, and the percentage of identified compounds. Within the 27 evaluated publications, 1568 manure samples were analyzed and 39 different active substances for VMPs and 11 metabolites and transformation products of VMPs could be found in manure. Most often, the samples were analyzed for sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. Not one study searched for biocides or worked with a non-target approach. For sulfadiazine and chlortetracycline, concentrations exceeding the predicted environmental concentrations were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Wohde
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Silvia Berkner
- Unit IV 2.2 Pharmaceuticals, Washing and Cleansing Agents and Nanomaterials, German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Konradi
- Unit IV 2.2 Pharmaceuticals, Washing and Cleansing Agents and Nanomaterials, German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Lisa Schwarz
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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37
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McCarthy G, Lawlor PG, Carney KN, Zhan X, Gutierrez M, Gardiner GE. An investigation into the removal of Salmonella and enteric indicator bacteria from the separated liquid fraction of raw or anaerobically digested pig manure using novel on-farm woodchip biofilters. Sci Total Environ 2015; 514:140-146. [PMID: 25659312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the removal of Salmonella and enteric indicator bacteria from the liquid fraction of raw and anaerobically digested (AD) pig manure in woodchip biofilters over a 14 week (98 day) period. Antibiotic susceptible Salmonella Infantis was detected in one influent material (liquid fraction of raw manure) on two occasions but was not found in the effluent at any time point. Furthermore, mean coliform reductions of 56% were observed in the biofilters treating the liquid fraction of raw manure. However, a mean increase of 228% was found in those treating the liquid from AD manure, despite the fact that the microbial challenge to these biofilters was lower. In addition, relatively high coliform counts were still present in the effluent from both biofilter treatments, especially in the systems treating the liquid fraction of AD manure. However, findings for Escherichia coli and Enterococcus were more promising, with reductions observed for both treatments (10 and 18.5% for E. coli and 71 and 87% for Enterococcus). Moreover, E. coli and Enterococcus were at, or just above, the limit of detection in the final effluents. Overall, although, there are no microbial limits for discharge or washwaters, the woodchip filter effluent would appear safe for discharge to waterways or use on-farm as regards Salmonella, E. coli and Enterococcus but not coliform. In conclusion, woodchip biofilters offer potential as a low-cost sustainable novel treatment option for the removal of pathogens from the liquid fraction of pig manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G McCarthy
- Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland; Teagasc Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - P G Lawlor
- Teagasc Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - K N Carney
- Teagasc Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - X Zhan
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Gutierrez
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food & the Marine, Backweston Campus, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - G E Gardiner
- Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
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38
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Cook KL, Ritchey EL, Loughrin JH, Haley M, Sistani KR, Bolster CH. Effect of turning frequency and season on composting materials from swine high-rise facilities. Waste Manag 2015; 39:86-95. [PMID: 25752584 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Composting swine slurries has several advantages, liquid slurries are converted to solids at lower moisture, the total volume and weight of material is reduced and the stabilized product is more easily transported off-site. Despite this, swine waste is generally stored, treated and applied in its liquid form. High-rise finishing facilities (HRFF) permit liquid slurries to be converted to solids which are partially decomposed underneath the HRFF and then finished in compost windrows. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of turning frequency and ambient weather conditions on biological, physical and chemical properties of composted slurry-woodchip mixtures from HRFF. Compost trials were conducted in either fall (FT) or spring (ST) and piles were turned once or three times per week or upon compost temperature reaching 65°C. Physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics were measured over the course of 112 (FT) or 143 (ST) days of composting. Total carbon, total nitrogen (N) and inorganic N decreased in all piles. Ammonium decreased while nitrate increased in all piles (including unturned), but total N losses were greatest in piles turned more frequently during the ST. Microbial populations of nitrifiers were dominated by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (3.0×10(3)-4.2×10(6)cellsg(-1) compost) but ammonia oxidizing bacteria (below detection to 6.0×10(5)cellsg(-1) compost) varied in response to turning and compost temperature; denitrifiers were present in high concentrations throughout the process. Swine HRFF materials composted well in windrows regardless of turning frequency and despite significant differences in starting materials and low initial C/N. Volume reduction, low moisture and low readily degradable organic matter suggest that the finished compost would have lower transportation costs and should provide value as a soil conditioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Cook
- USDA-ARS, Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Bowling Green, KY, USA.
| | - E L Ritchey
- University of Kentucky, Plant and Soil Sciences, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - J H Loughrin
- USDA-ARS, Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Bowling Green, KY, USA.
| | - M Haley
- USDA-ARS, Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Bowling Green, KY, USA.
| | - K R Sistani
- USDA-ARS, Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Bowling Green, KY, USA.
| | - C H Bolster
- USDA-ARS, Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Bowling Green, KY, USA.
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Wall DM, Allen E, Straccialini B, O'Kiely P, Murphy JD. The effect of trace element addition to mono-digestion of grass silage at high organic loading rates. Bioresour Technol 2014; 172:349-355. [PMID: 25280042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of trace element addition to mono-digestion of grass silage at high organic loading rates. Two continuous reactors were compared. The first mono-digested grass silage whilst the second operated in co-digestion, 80% grass silage with 20% dairy slurry (VS basis). The reactors were run for 65weeks with a further 5weeks taken for trace element supplementation for the mono-digestion of grass silage. The co-digestion reactor reported a higher biomethane efficiency (1.01) than mono-digestion (0.90) at an OLR of 4.0kgVSm(-3)d(-1) prior to addition of trace elements. Addition of cobalt, iron and nickel, led to an increase in the SMY in mono-digestion of grass silage by 12% to 404LCH4kg(-1)VS and attained a biomethane efficiency of 1.01.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Wall
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Eoin Allen
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Barbara Straccialini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
| | - Padraig O'Kiely
- Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Jerry D Murphy
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Blanes-Vidal V, Bælum J, Nadimi ES, Løfstrøm P, Christensen LP. Chronic exposure to odorous chemicals in residential areas and effects on human psychosocial health: dose-response relationships. Sci Total Environ 2014; 490:545-554. [PMID: 24880544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Perceived air pollution, including environmental odor pollution, is known to be an environmental stressor that affects individuals' psychosocial health and well-being. However, very few studies have been able to quantify exposure-response associations based on individual-specific residential exposures to a proxy gas and to examine the mechanisms underlying these associations. In this study, individual-specific exposures in non-urban residential environments during 2005-2010 on a gas released from animal biodegradable wastes (ammonia, NH3) were calculated by the Danish Eulerian long-range transport model and the local-scale transport deposition model. We used binomial and multinomial logistic regression and mediation analyses to examine the associations between average exposures and questionnaire-based data on psychosocial responses, after controlling for person-specific covariates. About 45% of the respondents were annoyed by residential odor pollution. Exposures were associated with annoyance (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj]=3.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.33-5.39), health risk perception (ORadj=4.94; 95% CI=1.95-12.5) and behavioral interference (ORadj=3.28; 95% CI=1.77-6.11), for each unit increase in loge(NH3 exposure). Annoyance was a strong mediator in exposure-behavior interference and exposure-health risk perception relationships (81% and 44% mediation, respectively). Health risk perception did not play a mediating role in exposure-annoyance or exposure-behavioral interference relationships. This is the first study to provide a quantitative estimation of the dose-response associations between ambient NH3 exposures and psychosocial effects caused by odor pollution in non-urban residential outdoor environments. It further shows that these effects are both direct and mediated by other psychosocial responses. The results support the use of NH3 as a proxy gas of air pollution from animal biodegradable wastes in epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Blanes-Vidal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Alle, 1, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Jesper Bælum
- Institute of Public Health, Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9A, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Esmaeil S Nadimi
- Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Per Løfstrøm
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lars P Christensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Alle, 1, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
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Wall DM, O'Kiely P, Murphy JD. The potential for biomethane from grass and slurry to satisfy renewable energy targets. Bioresour Technol 2013; 149:425-431. [PMID: 24135566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A biomethane potential (BMP) assessment of grass silage yielded 107 m(3)CH4 t(-1). Long term mono-digestion of grass silage can suffer due to a deficiency in essential nutrients; this may be overcome by co-digesting with slurry. Mono-digestion of slurry achieved a low yield of 16 m(3)CH4 t(-1). BMP assessments at a range of co-digestion ratios indicated methane yields were between 4% and 11% lower than the values calculated from mono-digestion. This paper suggests that co-digestion of the majority of slurry produced from dairy cows in Ireland with grass silage quantities equivalent to 1.1% of grassland on a 50:50 volatile solids basis would generate over 10% renewable energy supply in transport (RES-T). The industry proposed would equate to 170 digesters each treating 10,000 t a(-1) of grass silage and 40,000 t a(-1) of slurry from dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Wall
- Bioenergy and Biofuels Research Group, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
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42
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Alitalo A, Alakukku L, Aura E. Process design and dynamics of a series of continuously fed aerated tank reactors treating dairy manure. Bioresour Technol 2013; 144:350-359. [PMID: 23886853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A 6-month trial was carried out to study operational conditions and process dynamics in a system of six continuously fed aerated tank bioreactors grouped by serial connection. Feedback was with NH3-stripped solution after biological treatment, with the purpose of lowering the NH3 content of the feedback solution in order to improve the process. The fate of carbon and nutrients during treatment were determined, as well as the ammonia stripping performance of the biological treatment. The results of the study confirmed the dynamic nature of the serial system and indicated its resistance to process disturbances. The feedback of slurry resulted in a dilution effect and significantly reduced the carbon and nutrients concentrations in the first tank, increasing the treatment efficiency. Overall, after mechanical separation, low intensity aeration treatment and ammonia stripping, up to 61%, 67%, 79% and 83% average reductions of TS, Ntot, NH4(+)-N and Ptot, respectively, were reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Alitalo
- MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Helsinki, Finland.
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