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Sugai K, Sekine Y, Kawamura T, Yanagihara T, Saeki Y, Kitazawa S, Kobayashi N, Kikuchi S, Goto Y, Ichimura H, Sato Y. Sphericity of lymph nodes using 3D-CT predicts metastasis in lung cancer patients. Cancer Imaging 2023; 23:124. [PMID: 38105231 PMCID: PMC10726577 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of mediastinal lymph node metastasis is important because it is related to the treatment and prognosis of lung cancer. Although prevalently used, evaluation of lymph nodes is not always reliable. We introduced sphericity as a criterion for evaluating morphologic differences between metastatic and nonmetastatic nodes. METHODS We reviewed the cases of 66 patients with N2 disease and of 68 patients with N0-1 disease who underwent lobectomy with mediastinal dissection between January 2012 and December 2021. The sphericity of the dissected station lymph nodes, which represents how close the node is to being a true sphere, was evaluated along with the diameter and volume. Each parameter was obtained and evaluated for ability to predict metastasis. RESULTS Metastatic lymph nodes had a larger short-axis diameter (average: 8.2 mm vs. 5.4 mm, p < 0.001) and sphericity (average: 0.72 vs. 0.60, p < 0.001) than those of nonmetastatic lymph nodes. Short-axis diameter ≥ 6 mm and sphericity ≥ 0.60 identified metastasis with 76.2% sensitivity and 70.2% specificity (AUC = 0.78, p < 0.001) and 92.1% sensitivity and 53.9% specificity (AUC = 0.78, p < 0.001), respectively. For lymph nodes with a short-axis diameter ≥ 5 mm, sphericity ≥ 0.60 identified metastasis with 84.1% sensitivity and 89.3% specificity. CONCLUSION By using 3D-CT analysis to examine sphericity, we showed that metastatic lymph nodes became spherical. Our method for predicting lymph node metastasis based on sphericity of lymph nodes with a short-axis diameter ≥ 5 mm could do so with higher sensitivity than the conventional method, and with acceptable specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Sugai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Sekine
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawamura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yanagihara
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saeki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kitazawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kobayashi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinji Kikuchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
- Ibaraki Prefectural Hospital, 6528, Koibuchi, Kasama, 309-1793, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Goto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideo Ichimura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukio Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Boubaris M, Cameron A, Love R, George R. Sphericity of periapical lesion and its relation to the novel CBCT periapical volume index. J Endod 2022; 48:1395-1399. [PMID: 36087762 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the sphericity of periapical lesions and its relation to the cone beam computed tomography periapical volume index (CBCTPAVI). METHODS 261 periapical lesions were assessed using cone beam computed tomography images from InteleViewerTM. Three-dimensional analysis of the lesions was conducted using analytical imaging software Mimics ResearchTM. Lesion volume and surface area measurements were determined using the semi-automatic segmentation technique and these measurements were then used to determine lesion sphericity and CBCTPAVI score. One-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Tuckey test was used to assess for differences in sphericity among CBCTPAVI groups. RESULTS The mean sphericity of periapical lesions was 62%. Periapical lesions with larger CBCTPAVI scores were significantly less spherical than lesions with smaller CBCTPAVI scores. CONCLUSIONS Periapical lesions of endodontic origin are mostly semi-spherical in their spread and as CBCTPAVI score increases, sphericity decreases, indicating that larger lesions expand less uniformly compared with smaller lesions. Clinicians should be aware that lesions of increased volume, have less sphericity, and are thus elongated or stretched in one or more anatomical plane. This information will assist clinicians in planning and performing periapical surgery and may aid in differential diagnosis of radiolucent jaw lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Boubaris
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Andrew Cameron
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Robert Love
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Roy George
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Yu Z, Yang G, Zhang W. A new model for the terminal settling velocity of microplastics. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 176:113449. [PMID: 35183949 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) settling process is important for the transport of microplastic particles (MPs, <5 mm) in water bodies. However, for the control parameter of the drag coefficient (Cd), no generalized formula has been proposed for MPs of different shapes and materials. In this study, a total of 1343 MP settling data were collected from the literature. It was found that the drag law for perfect spheres cannot reasonably predict Cd for MPs with particle Reynolds number of 1-103. A new formula for Cd was developed by introducing the dimensionless particle diameter (d⁎) and two shape descriptors. The absolute error of the new formula is 15.2%, smaller than those (42.5-72.8%) of other existing formulas. Moreover, an explicit model was developed for MP settling velocity by correlating Cd, d⁎, and shape descriptors, with lower absolute error (8.8%) than those (15.4-77.2%) of existing models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Yu
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Ge Yang
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
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Kuusisto JK, Pöyhönen PAK, Pirinen J, Lehmonen LJ, Räty HP, Martinez-Majander N, Putaala J, Sinisalo J, Järvinen V. Revisiting left atrial volumetry by magnetic resonance imaging: the role of atrial shape and 3D angle between left ventricular and left atrial axis. BMC Med Imaging 2021; 21:167. [PMID: 34753444 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-021-00701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate measurement of left atrial (LA) volumes is needed in cardiac diagnostics and the follow up of heart and valvular diseases. Geometrical assumptions with 2D methods for LA volume estimation contribute to volume misestimation. In this study, we test agreement of 3D and 2D methods of LA volume detection and explore contribution of 3D LA axis orientation and LA shape in introducing error in 2D methods by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Methods 30 patients with prior first-ever ischemic stroke and no known heart disease, and 30 healthy controls were enrolled (age 18–49) in a substudy of a prospective case–control study. All study subjects underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and were pooled for this methodological study. LA volumes were calculated by biplane area-length method from both conventional long axis (LAVAL-LV) and LA long axis-oriented images (LAVAL-LA) and were compared to 3D segmented LA volume (LAVSAX) to assess accuracy of volume detection. 3D orientation of LA long axis to left ventricular (LV) long axis and to four-chamber plane were determined, and LA 3D sphericity indices were calculated to assess sources of error in LA volume calculation. Shapiro–Wilk test, Bland–Altman analysis, intraclass and Pearson correlation, and Spearman’s rho were used for statistical analysis. Results Biases were − 9.9 mL (− 12.5 to − 7.2) for LAVAL-LV and 13.4 (10.0–16.9) for LAVAL-LA [mean difference to LAVSAX (95% confidence interval)]. End-diastolic LA long axis 3D deviation angle to LV long axis was 28.3 ± 6.2° [mean ± SD] and LA long axis 3D rotation angle to four-chamber plane 20.5 ± 18.0°. 3D orientation of LA axis or 3D sphericity were not correlated to error in LA volume calculation. Conclusions Calculated LA volume accuracy did not improve by using LA long axis-oriented images for volume calculation in comparison to conventional method. We present novel data on LA axis orientation and a novel metric of LA sphericity and conclude that these measures cannot be utilized to assess error in LA volume calculation. Trial registration Main study Searching for Explanations for Cryptogenic Stroke in the Young: Revealing the Etiology, Triggers, and Outcome (SECRETO; NCT01934725) has been registered previously. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12880-021-00701-5.
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Dudzińska-Szczerba K, Zalewska M, Niemiro W, Michałowska I, Piotrowski R, Sikorska A, Kułakowski P, Baran J. Association of Left Atrial Sphericity with Risk of Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Sub-Analysis of the ASSAM Study. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2021; 13:419-427. [PMID: 34750781 PMCID: PMC9197816 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-021-00587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The study was designed to evaluate the value of left atrial (LA) sphericity (LASP) in the identification of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who had prior ischemic stroke. The secondary aim was to investigate the possibility of improving stroke risk assessment based on six geometrical variables of LA. Methods This prospective observational study involved 157 patients: 74 in the stroke group and 83 in the control. All patients had cardiac computed tomography (CT) performed to analyze LA volume and dimensions. LASP and the discriminant function of six geometrical measurements were calculated. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant association of stroke with and gender, diabetes, CHA2DS2-VASc score, LA anteroposterior diameter, and LA sphericity. Patients with prior stroke had lower LASP than those without (66.6 ± 10.3% vs. 70.5 ± 7%; p = 0.0062). The most accurate identification of patients with a history of ischemic stroke was achieved by using a function of six geometrical measurements, the sphericity and volume coefficient. The C-statistic was higher for the above discriminant function (0.7273) than for LASP (0.3974). The addition of the discriminant function to the CHA2DS2-VASc score increased the performance of the risk score alone. Conclusion LASP is associated with prior stroke in AF patients. The proposed new formula for identification of AF patients who are at risk of stroke, based on geometrical measurements of LA, is superior to the basic LASP in identification of AF patients with a history of stroke. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13239-021-00587-y.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Zalewska
- Department of Environmental Hazards Prevention and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Niemiro
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Roman Piotrowski
- Division of Clinical Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Grenadierów Street 51/59, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sikorska
- Division of Clinical Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Grenadierów Street 51/59, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kułakowski
- Division of Clinical Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Grenadierów Street 51/59, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Baran
- Division of Clinical Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Grenadierów Street 51/59, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland
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Yang F, Zeng YH, Huai WX. A new model for settling velocity of non-spherical particles. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:61636-61646. [PMID: 34184223 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The settlement of non-spherical particles, such as propagules of plants and natural sediments, is commonly observed in riverine ecosystems. The settling process is influenced by both particle properties (size, density, and shape) and fluid properties (density and viscosity). Therefore, the drag law of non-spherical particles is a function of both particle Reynolds number and particle shape. Herein, a total of 828 settling data are collected from the literatures, which cover a wide range of particle Reynolds number (0.008-10000). To characterize the influence of particle shapes, sphericity is adopted as the general shape factor, which varies from 0.421 to 1.0. By comparing the measured drag with the standard drag curve of spheres, we modify the spherical drag law with three shape-dependent functions to develop a new drag law for non-spherical particles. Combined with an iterative procedure, a new model is thus obtained to predict the settling velocity of non-spherical particles of various shapes and materials. Further applications in hydrochorous propagule dispersal and sediment transport are projected based on deeper understanding of the settling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Wen-Xin Huai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
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7
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Li W, Newitt DC, Yun BL, Jones EF, Arasu V, Wilmes LJ, Gibbs J, Nguyen AAT, Onishi N, Kornak J, Joe BN, Esserman LJ, Hylton NM. Tumor Sphericity Predicts Response in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Invasive Breast Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:216-222. [PMID: 32548299 PMCID: PMC7289243 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2020.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study examined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–derived tumor sphericity (SPH) as a quantitative measure of breast tumor morphology, and investigated the association between SPH and reader-assessed morphological pattern (MP). In addition, association of SPH with pathologic complete response was evaluated in patients enrolled in an adaptively randomized clinical trial designed to rapidly identify new agents for breast cancer. All patients underwent MRI examinations at multiple time points during the treatment. SPH values from pretreatment (T0) and early-treatment (T1) were investigated in this study. MP on T0 dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was ranked from 1 to 5 in 220 patients. Mean SPH values decreased with the increased order of MP. SPH was higher in patients with pathologic complete response than in patients without (difference at T0: 0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02–0.05, P < .001; difference at T1: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02–0.04, P < .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was estimated as 0.61 (95% CI, 0.57–0.65) at T0 and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.55–0.62) at T1. When the analysis was performed by cancer subtype defined by hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were observed in HR−/HER2+: 0.67 (95% CI, 0.54–0.80) at T0, and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.51–0.76) at T1. Tumor SPH showed promise to quantify MRI MPs and as a biomarker for predicting treatment outcome at pre- or early-treatment time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - David C Newitt
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bo La Yun
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul
| | - Ella F Jones
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Vignesh Arasu
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lisa J Wilmes
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jessica Gibbs
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alex Anh-Tu Nguyen
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Natsuko Onishi
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John Kornak
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; and
| | - Bonnie N Joe
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Laura J Esserman
- Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nola M Hylton
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Drvenica I, Mojsilović S, Stančić A, Marković D, Kovačić M, Maslovarić I, Rapajić I, Vučetić D, Ilić V. The effects of incubation media on the assessment of the shape of human erythrocytes by flow cytometry: a contribution to mathematical data interpretation to enable wider application of the method. Eur Biophys J 2021; 50:829-846. [PMID: 33813598 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FC) analysis of erythrocyte shape and related biomechanical properties, such as osmotic fragility, have not moved from a research tool to regular clinical testing. The main reason is existing evidence that various pre-analytical factors influence the mathematical interpretation of the data obtained. With an aim to contribute to the standardization and broaden the use of FC for human erythrocyte shape assessment, freshly prepared peripheral blood erythrocytes isolated from healthy donors were incubated in iso and hypo-osmotic solutions (pure saline, saline with potassium and calcium, and phosphate buffered saline) and examined by FC using values of forward scatter (FSC) and side scatter (SSC). Kurtosis, skewness, Pearson's second skewness coefficient of dissymmetry (PCD), and spherical index, calculated from FSC distributions, were used for the erythrocyte shape evaluation. In all isotonic media FSC distribution and FSC-based morphology parameters showed huge inter-individual and inter-medium variation. With decreasing osmolality, in all media and samples, the size of the erythrocytes increased, and swelling index and kurtosis decreased. However, changes in skewness and PCD were influenced by the medium used and the sample tested. Compared to FSC, SSC signal in isotonic and its change in hypotonic media showed lower inter-individual variation and was not influenced by the type of medium. We propose a spherical index and kurtosis as FSC-based indicators of erythrocyte shape. As more resistant to the influence of the preanalytical treatment, SSC data appeared to be unfairly neglected for the assessment of erythrocyte shape, in comparison to the usually employed FSC data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Drvenica
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129, Belgrade 102, Serbia.
| | - Slavko Mojsilović
- Group for Hematology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Stančić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129, Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Dragana Marković
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129, Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Marijana Kovačić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129, Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Irina Maslovarić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129, Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Ivana Rapajić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129, Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Dušan Vučetić
- Institute for Transfusiology and Hemobiology of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Ilić
- Group for Immunology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 4, POB 39, 11129, Belgrade 102, Serbia
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Nedios S, Sanatkhani S, Oladosu M, Seewöster T, Richter S, Arya A, Heijman J, J G M Crijns H, Hindricks G, Bollmann A, Menon PG. Association of low-voltage areas with the regional wall deformation and the left atrial shape in patients with atrial fibrillation: A proof of concept study. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc 2021; 33:100730. [PMID: 33718586 PMCID: PMC7933256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Left atrium (LA) remodeling is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and reduced success after AF ablation, but its relation with low-voltage areas (LVA) is not known. This study aimed to evaluate the relation between regional LA changes and LVAs in AF patients. Methods Pre-interventional CT data of patients (n = 24) with LA-LVA (<0.5 mV) in voltage mapping after AF ablation were analyzed (Surgery Explorer, QuantMD LLC). To quantify asymmetry (ASI = LA-A/LAV) a cutting plane parallel to the rear wall and along the pulmonary veins divided the LA-volume (LAV) into anterior (LA-A) and posterior parts. To quantify sphericity (LAS = 1-R/S), a patient-specific best-fit LA sphere was created. The average radius (R) and the mean deviation (S) from this sphere were calculated. The average local deviation (D) was measured for the roof, posterior, septum, inferior septum, inferior-posterior and lateral walls. Results The roof, posterior and septal regions had negative local deviations. There was a correlation between roof and septum (r = 0.42, p = 0.04), lateral and inferior-posterior (r = 0.48, p = 0.02) as well as posterior and inferior-septal deviations (r = −0.41, p = 0.046). ASI correlated with septum deformation (r = −0.43, p = 0.04). LAS correlated with dilatation (LAV, r = 0.49, p = 0.02), roof (r = 0.52, p = 0.009) and posterior deformation (r = −0.56, p = 0.005). Extended LVA correlated with local deformation of all LA walls, except the roof and the septum. LVA association with LAV, ASI and LAS did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion Extended LVA correlates with local wall deformations better than other remodeling surrogates. Therefore, their calculation could help predict LVA presence and deserve further evaluation in clinical studies.
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Key Words
- AF, atrial fibrillation
- AR, average radius
- ASI, asymmetry index
- Atrial fibrillation
- Atrial remodeling
- CA, catheter ablation
- CT, computed tomography
- Computer tomography
- IQR, inter-quartile range
- LA, left atrium
- LA-A, left atrial anterior (LA-A) partial volume
- LA-P, left atrial posterior (LA-P) partial volume
- LAA, left atrial appendage
- LAV, left atrial volume with anterior (LA-A) and posterior (LA-P) partial volumes
- LV, left ventricle
- LV-EF, left ventricular ejection fraction
- LVA, low-voltage area
- LVDD, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- PVI, pulmonary vein isolation
- S, mean deviation
- SD, standard deviation
- Sphericity
- Voltage mapping
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Nedios
- Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany.,Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Arash Arya
- Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Harry J G M Crijns
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Prahlad G Menon
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,QuantMD LLC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Hendriks P, Berkhout WEM, Kaanen CI, Sluijter JH, Visser IJ, van den Dobbelsteen JJ, de Geus-Oei LF, Webb AG, Burgmans MC. Performance of the Emprint and Amica Microwave Ablation Systems in ex vivo Porcine Livers: Sphericity and Reproducibility Versus Size. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2021; 44:952-8. [PMID: 33462682 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-020-02742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the performance of two microwave ablation (MWA) systems regarding ablation volume, ablation shape and variability. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this ex vivo study, the Emprint and Amica MWA systems were used to ablate porcine livers at 4 different settings of time and power (3 and 5 minutes at 60 and 80 Watt). In total, 48 ablations were analysed for ablation size and shape using Vitrea Advanced Visualization software after acquisition of a 7T MRI scan. RESULTS Emprint ablations were smaller (11,1 vs. 21,1 mL p < 0.001), more spherical (sphericity index of 0.89 vs. 0.59 p < 0.001) and showed less variability than Amica ablations. In both systems, longer ablation time and higher power resulted in significantly larger ablation volumes. CONCLUSION Emprint ablations were more spherical, and the results showed a lower variability than those of Amica ablations. This comes at the price of smaller ablation volumes.
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Adusumilli G, Kaggie JD, D’Amore S, Cox TM, Deegan P, MacKay JW, McDonald S. Improving the quantitative classification of Erlenmeyer flask deformities. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:361-369. [PMID: 32734372 PMCID: PMC7736022 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Erlenmeyer flask deformity is a common skeletal modeling deformity, but current classification systems are binary and may restrict its utility as a predictor of associated skeletal conditions. A quantifiable 3-point system of severity classification could improve its predictive potential in disease. Ratios were derived from volumes of regions of interests drawn in 50 Gaucher's disease patients. ROIs were drawn from the distal physis to 2 cm proximal, 2 cm to 4 cm, and 4 cm to 6 cm. Width was also measured at each of these boundaries. Two readers rated these 100 femurs using a 3-point scale of severity classification. Weighted kappa indicated reliability and one-way analysis of variance characterized ratio differences across the severity scale. Accuracy analyses allowed determination of clinical cutoffs for each ratio. Pearson's correlations assessed the associations of volume and width with a shape-based concavity metric of the femur. The volume ratio incorporating the metaphyseal region from 0 to 2 cm and the diametaphyseal region at 4-6 cm was most accurate at distinguishing femurs on the 3-point scale. Receiver operating characteristic curves for this ratio indicated areas of 0.95 to distinguish normal and mild femurs and 0.93 to distinguish mild and severe femurs. Volume was moderately associated with the degree of femur concavity. The proposed volume ratio method is an objective, proficient method at distinguishing severities of the Erlenmeyer flask deformity with the potential for automation. This may have application across diseases associated with the deformity and deficient osteoclast-mediated modeling of growing bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Adusumilli
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK ,Present Address: St. Louis, USA
| | - Joshua D. Kaggie
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Simona D’Amore
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 157, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Timothy M. Cox
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 157, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Patrick Deegan
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 157, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - James W. MacKay
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Scott McDonald
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 218, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
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Kilanko O, Ojolo SJ, Leramo RO, Ilori TA, Oyedepo SO, Babalola PO, Fayomi OS, Onwordi PN, Ufot E, Ekwere A. Dataset on physical properties of raw and roasted cashew nuts. Data Brief 2020; 33:106514. [PMID: 33251309 PMCID: PMC7683228 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cashew nut is one of the topmost edible crops in the world. However, one of the challenges of this crop is processing. Designing an equipment for the processing of cashew nut requires the knowledge of its physical properties data. The dataset in this article contained the physical properties of raw and roasted cashew nuts. The physical properties include length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, true density, bulk density, porosity and mass of cashew nut. Two experiments were performed. In one experiment, raw cashew nut was roasted in groundnut oil. In the second experiment, raw cashew nut was roasted in palm-kernel oil. The physical properties of the nuts were measured before and after roasting in hot oil. The data were subjected to a paired sample t-test analysis to determine the level of significant difference. The data of the cashew nut graded with machine and sorted with hand manually were compared. The data provided in this article will be useful in designing various types of equipment for grading, separating and cleaning cashew nut. It will also be useful in the design of storage structures and processing machines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunday J Ojolo
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Lagos, PMB 56, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Richard O Leramo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, Nigeria
| | - Titus A Ilori
- Department of Agriculture Engineering Programme, Federal College of Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sunday O Oyedepo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, Nigeria
| | | | - Ojo Si Fayomi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, Nigeria
| | | | - Edidiong Ufot
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, Nigeria
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Elsergany RN, Lenhart V, Kleinebudde P. Influence of the surface tension of wet massing liquid on the functionality of microcrystalline cellulose as pelletization aid. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 153:285-296. [PMID: 32599270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study designed to investigate the impact of surface tension of moistening liquid on the functionality of MCC as pelletization aid. For this purpose, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), poloxamer 188 (PL), di-potassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4) and combinations thereof were incorporated into the powder blend comprised of MCC and dicalcium phosphate (DCP) at different levels. Physical mixture (PM) and co-processed composite (Cop) of MCC and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) replaced MCC as pelletization aids. The pellets prepared were characterized for their median diameter (D50), particle size distribution (PSD), sphericity, porosity, tensile strength and disintegration. SDS induced a drop in the surface tension of water from 68.7 to 23.7 mN/m at 0.1% (w/w). In contrast, the surface tension values of PL and K2HPO4 solutions were 2.08- and 3.07-fold higher than that of SDS solutions, respectively. MCC based pellets obtained with SDS showed wider PSD and lower sphericity than those made with PL, K2HPO4 and their combinations. In addition, the PSD and porosity increased with rise of SDS concentration from 0.05 to 0.25% (w/w). It was thus inferred that a critical surface tension of moistening liquid was essential for functionality of MCC as pelletization aid but not for PM and Cop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy N Elsergany
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vincent Lenhart
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Kleinebudde
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Fisser C, Götz K, Hetzenecker A, Debl K, Zeman F, Hamer OW, Poschenrieder F, Fellner C, Stadler S, Maier LS, Pfeifer M, Buchner S, Arzt M. Obstructive sleep apnoea but not central sleep apnoea is associated with left ventricular remodelling after acute myocardial infarction. Clin Res Cardiol 2020; 110:971-982. [PMID: 32519084 PMCID: PMC8238704 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Obejctive Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) increases left ventricular transmural pressure more than central sleep apnoea (CSA) owing to negative intrathoracic pressure swings. We tested the hypothesis that the severity of OSA, and not CSA, is therefore associated with spheric cardiac remodelling after acute myocardial infarction. Methods This sub-analysis of a prospective observational study included 24 patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Spheric remodelling, calculated according to the sphericity index, was assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 12 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. OSA and CSA [apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥ 5/hour] were diagnosed by polysomnography.
Results Within 12 weeks after acute myocardial infarction, patients with OSA exhibited a significant increase in systolic sphericity index compared to patients without sleep-disordered breathing (no SDB) and patients with CSA (OSA vs. CSA vs. no SDB: 0.05 ± 0.04 vs. 0.01 ± 0.04 vs. − 0.03 ± 0.03, p = 0.002). In contrast to CSA, the severity of OSA was associated with an increase in systolic sphericity index after accounting for TIMI-flow before percutaneous coronary intervention, infarct size, pain-to-balloon-time and systolic blood pressure [OSA: B (95% CI) 0.443 (0.021; 0.816), p = 0.040; CSA: 0.193 (− 0.134; 0.300), p = 0.385]. Conclusion In contrast to CSA and no SDB, OSA is associated with spheric cardiac remodelling within the first 12 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. Data suggest that OSA-related negative intrathoracic pressure swings may contribute to this remodelling after acute myocardial infaction. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00392-020-01684-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Fisser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Kristina Götz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Kurt Debl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Zeman
- Centre for Clinical Studies, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Okka W Hamer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Fellner
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Stadler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Pfeifer
- Department of Pneumology, Donaustauf Hospital, Donaustauf, Germany
| | - Stefan Buchner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cham Hospital, Cham, Germany
| | - Michael Arzt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Liu H, Liu F, Ma Y, Goff HD, Zhong F. Versatile preparation of spherically and mechanically controllable liquid-core-shell alginate-based bead through interfacial gelation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 236:115980. [PMID: 32172829 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Developing alginate-based beads with liquid-core-shell structure is highly appealing for industrial applications as a promising delivery matrix material. Herein, based on the reaction-diffusion mechanism, a facile method that includes dissolving natural polymer in calcium ion core solution followed by dripping it to alginate shell bath is proposed through interfacial gelation. By facilely tuning the viscosity and surface tension, the boundary condition for forming spherical beads with applicable mechanical properties was obtained. The universal viscosity-boundary relationship was independent of the type or charge condition of polymers in liquid-core. However, chitosan in the core solution significantly affected mechanical properties due to polyelectrolyte interaction with alginate, based on FTIR and SEM analyses. Moreover, a larger spherical zone was obtained by adding a surfactant into the shell bath. By varying calcium ion concentration and reaction time, beads of superior mechanical properties were obtained with an increase in shell membrane compactness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Yun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - H Douglas Goff
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Fang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper presents a parametric investigation into the effect of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) on the sphericity of the femoral supra-equatorial region and acetabulum. METHODS Radiographic parameters from x-rays, sphericity calculations and visualisation and joint contact area and pressure from FE models of 10 DDH, FAI and normal hips were analysed and compared both within and between hip groups. RESULTS The sphericity of the acetabulum and femoral head of both the DDH and FAI groups was found to be less than that for normal hips but the variation in sphericity was greater (range 2.4% for normal hips, compared to 3.3% and 3.1% for the FAI and DDH groups respectively). For the DDH group, femoral head sphericity was found to correlate strongly with 2 of the radiographic parameters used to diagnose the condition, CE angle and Sharp angle. For FAI and DDH hips peak contact pressure primarily occurred in Ilizaliturri Zone 2 (anterior-superior region) in the acetabulum and femoral head which corresponded with increased aspherity in this region compared to the normal hip group. These findings correlate with loading and damage patterns reported in the literature. Additionally, our analysis identified a protrusion of bone in Ilizaliturri Zones 1 and 6 (anterior-inferior region) of the acetabulum of a subgroup of FAI hips, whose existence was confirmed using a full-scale hip model fabricated using a 3D printer, which we believe could result in cartilage damage. CONCLUSION We postulate that such protrusions could potentially explain residual symptoms and unaddressed structural deformity in patients who have undergone FAI surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynol A Diaz-Lopez
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Colin G Bailey
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Tello Galán MJ, García Vicente AM, Pérez Beteta J, Amo Salas M, Jiménez Londoño GA, Pena Pardo FJ, Soriano Castrejón ÁM, Pérez García VM. Global heterogeneity assessed with 18F-FDG PET/CT. Relation with biological variables and prognosis in locally advanced breast cancer. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2019; 38:290-297. [PMID: 31427247 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the relationship between measurements of global heterogeneity, obtained from 18F-FDG PET/CT, with biological variables, and their predictive and prognostic role in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). MATERIAL AND METHODS 68 patients from a multicenter and prospective study, with LABC and a baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT were included. Immunohistochemical profile [estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), expression of the HER-2 oncogene, Ki-67 proliferation index and tumor histological grade], response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were obtained as clinical variables. Three-dimensional segmentation of the lesions, providing SUV, volumetric [metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG)] and global heterogeneity variables [coefficient of variation (COV) and SUVmean/SUVmax ratio], as well as sphericity was performed. The correlation between the results obtained with the immunohistochemical profile, the response to NC and survival was also analyzed. RESULTS Of the patients included, 62 received NC. Only 18 responded. 13 patients relapsed and 11 died during follow-up. ER negative tumors had a lower COV (p=0.018) as well as those with high Ki-67 (p=0.001) and high risk phenotype (p=0.033) compared to the rest. No PET variable showed association with the response to NC nor OS. There was an inverse relationship between sphericity with DFS (p=0.041), so, for every tenth that sphericity increases, the risk of recurrence decreases by 37%. CONCLUSIONS Breast tumors in our LABC dataset behaved as homogeneous and spherical lesions. Larger volumes were associated with a lower sphericity. Global heterogeneity variables and sphericity do not seem to have a predictive role in response to NC nor in OS. More spherical tumors with less variation in gray intensity between voxels showed a lower risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Tello Galán
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear. Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, España.
| | - A M García Vicente
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear. Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, España
| | - J Pérez Beteta
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada a la Ciencia y la Ingeniería. Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Ciudad Real, España
| | - M Amo Salas
- Departamento de Matemáticas. Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Ciudad Real, España
| | - G A Jiménez Londoño
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear. Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, España
| | - F J Pena Pardo
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear. Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, España
| | | | - V M Pérez García
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada a la Ciencia y la Ingeniería. Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Ciudad Real, España
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Partovinia A, Vatankhah E. Experimental investigation into size and sphericity of alginate micro-beads produced by electrospraying technique: Operational condition optimization. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 209:389-399. [PMID: 30732823 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alginate spherical hydrogel beads have several applications in biomedical and biological processes in which the bead size and sphericity are critical factors affecting mass transfer phenomena. Electrospraying technology facilitates generation of small and almost uniform beads with higher diffusion rate resulting in process performance improvement. There are several key factors affecting particle size and shape behavior of electrosprayed alginate beads meanwhile interactions between these factors introduce complexity in determining appropriate conditions to produce spherical beads with the size of interest. Thus, the need to achieve reliable products has put growing emphasis on the use of modeling methodology to establish correlations between particle size and affecting variables as well as sphericity coefficient and meaningful factors. Obviously, a more applicable model based on intentionally manipulatable factors would spark a great deal of interest for practical engineering applications. In this regard we employed a central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) to model the diameter and sphericity coefficient of electrosprayed alginate beads for the first time. Two quadratic models were obtained in which the effectiveness order of the variables were found. We could benefit from this RSM-based empirical model not only for better understanding the complex physics of the electrospraying process, but also for selection of factors and their levels to produce alginate micro-beads with appropriate size and sphericity. The results indicate that the alginate concentration, voltage and needle size have the strongest influence on both response variables. The quite spherical beads with a minimum size of 130 μm can be obtained at alginate concentration of 1.5%, voltage of 11 kV, and needle size of 26 G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Partovinia
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of New Technologies Engineering, Zirab Campus, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Vatankhah
- Department of Biological Systems, Faculty of New Technologies Engineering, Zirab Campus, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Hatt M, Laurent B, Fayad H, Jaouen V, Visvikis D, Le Rest CC. Tumour functional sphericity from PET images: prognostic value in NSCLC and impact of delineation method. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 45:630-41. [PMID: 29177871 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sphericity has been proposed as a parameter for characterizing PET tumour volumes, with complementary prognostic value with respect to SUV and volume in both head and neck cancer and lung cancer. The objective of the present study was to investigate its dependency on tumour delineation and the resulting impact on its prognostic value. METHODS Five segmentation methods were considered: two thresholds (40% and 50% of SUVmax), ant colony optimization, fuzzy locally adaptive Bayesian (FLAB), and gradient-aided region-based active contour. The accuracy of each method in extracting sphericity was evaluated using a dataset of 176 simulated, phantom and clinical PET images of tumours with associated ground truth. The prognostic value of sphericity and its complementary value with respect to volume for each segmentation method was evaluated in a cohort of 87 patients with stage II/III lung cancer. RESULTS Volume and associated sphericity values were dependent on the segmentation method. The correlation between segmentation accuracy and sphericity error was moderate (|ρ| from 0.24 to 0.57). The accuracy in measuring sphericity was not dependent on volume (|ρ| < 0.4). In the patients with lung cancer, sphericity had prognostic value, although lower than that of volume, except for that derived using FLAB for which when combined with volume showed a small improvement over volume alone (hazard ratio 2.67, compared with 2.5). Substantial differences in patient prognosis stratification were observed depending on the segmentation method used. CONCLUSION Tumour functional sphericity was found to be dependent on the segmentation method, although the accuracy in retrieving the true sphericity was not dependent on tumour volume. In addition, even accurate segmentation can lead to an inaccurate sphericity value, and vice versa. Sphericity had similar or lower prognostic value than volume alone in the patients with lung cancer, except when determined using the FLAB method for which there was a small improvement in stratification when the parameters were combined.
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Mezei M. Use of circular variance to quantify the deviation of a macromolecule from the spherical shape. J Math Chem 2015; 53:2184-2190. [PMID: 26702193 PMCID: PMC4684833 DOI: 10.1007/s10910-015-0540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that the extent of deviation of a molecular shape from spherical can be characterized by comparing the distribution of the circular variances, a measure originally proposed to quantify angular spread, of the vectors from each atom to the rest of the molecule to the circular variance of a collection of atoms filling the unit sphere. Different measures for quantifying the difference between distribution are proposed and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaly Mezei
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. ; Tel.: +1-212-659-5475
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21
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Dhara AK, Mukhopadhyay S, Saha P, Garg M, Khandelwal N. Differential geometry-based techniques for characterization of boundary roughness of pulmonary nodules in CT images. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2015; 11:337-49. [PMID: 26337440 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-015-1284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Boundary roughness of a pulmonary nodule is an important indication of its malignancy. The irregularity of the shape of a nodule is represented in terms of a few diagnostic characteristics such as spiculation, lobulation, and sphericity. Quantitative characterization of these diagnostic characteristics is essential for designing a content-based image retrieval system and computer-aided system for diagnosis of lung cancer. METHODS This paper presents differential geometry-based techniques for computation of spiculation, lobulation, and sphericity using the binary mask of the segmented nodule. These shape features are computed in 3D considering complete nodule. RESULTS The performance of the proposed and competing methods is evaluated in terms of the precision, mean similarity, and normalized discounted cumulative gain on 891 nodules of Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative. The proposed methods are comparable to or better than gold standard technique. The reproducibility of proposed feature extraction techniques is evaluated using RIDER coffee break data set. The mean and standard deviation of the percent change of spiculation, lobulation, and sphericity are [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] %, respectively. CONCLUSION The prior works of computation of spiculation, lobulation, and sphericity require a set of four ground truths from radiologists and, hence, can not be used in practice. The proposed methods do not require ground truth information of nodules from radiologists, and hence, it can be used in real-life computer-aided diagnosis system for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Kumar Dhara
- Department of Electronics and Electrical, Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sudipta Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Electronics and Electrical, Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Pramit Saha
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Mandeep Garg
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160023, India
| | - Niranjan Khandelwal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160023, India
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22
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Nedios S, Koutalas E, Kosiuk J, Sommer P, Arya A, Richter S, Rolf S, Husser D, Hindricks G, Bollmann A. Impact of asymmetrical dilatation of the left atrium on the long-term success after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2015; 184:315-317. [PMID: 25731848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Nedios
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Emmanuel Koutalas
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jedrzej Kosiuk
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Sommer
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arash Arya
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sergio Richter
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sascha Rolf
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Husser
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hindricks
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bollmann
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Kenghe RN, Nimkar PM, Shirkole SS. Moisture dependent physical properties of lathyrus. J Food Sci Technol 2011; 50:856-67. [PMID: 24425992 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The moisture dependent physical properties of different lathyrus varieties namely NLK-40, Pratik and Ratan were studied at moisture content of 7.33 to 30.29, 6.75 to 29.95 and 7.90 to 30.90% (d.b.), respectively. The grain size, thousand grain weight, angle of repose, grain volume and surface area were found increased linearly. The grain size was found increased from 4.43 to 4.70, 4.96 to 5.32 and 5.08 to 5.49 mm. Thousand grain weight was found increased from 64.6 to 103.5, 69.1 to 105.3 and 85.3 to 125.6 g. The angle repose was increased from 28.3 to 35.4, 29.5 to 35.8 and 26.9 to 33.5°. The grain volume was increased from 9.13 to 10.38,11.73 to 13.24 and 12.22 to 14.15 mm(3) whereas, surface area increased from 54.78 to 62.29, 70.38 to 79.45 and 73.31 to 84.88 mm(2),respectively with the corresponding increase in moisture content, for NLK-40, Pratik and Ratan. The sphericity and porosity increased initially and then found decreased with increase in further moisture content. The bulk density values decreased linearly from 827.5 to 697.2, 851.3 to 726.3 and 856.0 to 727.4 kg/m(3). The true density values were found decreased from 1288.3 to 1074.3, 1324.0 to 1118.4 and 1277.7 to 1102.5 kg/m(3), respectively for these varieties with the corresponding increase in moisture content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Narayan Kenghe
- Department of Agricultural Process Engineering, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, 413 722 India ; E-55, Gulmohar colony, MPKV, Rahuri Dist., Ahmednagar, 413 722(MS) India
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