1
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Acuto O. T-cell virtuosity in ''knowing thyself". Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343575. [PMID: 38415261 PMCID: PMC10896960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) I and II and the αβ T-cell antigen receptor (TCRαβ) govern fundamental traits of adaptive immunity. They form a membrane-borne ligand-receptor system weighing host proteome integrity to detect contamination by nonself proteins. MHC-I and -II exhibit the "MHC-fold", which is able to bind a large assortment of short peptides as proxies for self and nonself proteins. The ensuing varying surfaces are mandatory ligands for Ig-like TCRαβ highly mutable binding sites. Conserved molecular signatures guide TCRαβ ligand binding sites to focus on the MHC-fold (MHC-restriction) while leaving many opportunities for its most hypervariable determinants to contact the peptide. This riveting molecular strategy affords many options for binding energy compatible with specific recognition and signalling aimed to eradicated microbial pathogens and cancer cells. While the molecular foundations of αβ T-cell adaptive immunity are largely understood, uncertainty persists on how peptide-MHC binding induces the TCRαβ signals that instruct cell-fate decisions. Solving this mystery is another milestone for understanding αβ T-cells' self/nonself discrimination. Recent developments revealing the innermost links between TCRαβ structural dynamics and signalling modality should help dissipate this long-sought-after enigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oreste Acuto
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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2
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Jang YS, Yang SW, Kim TG, Song HE, Park S, Lee EH, Kang SG, Yoon SI, Ko HJ, Lee GS, Park SR, Seo SR, Kim PH. Lactoferrin-derived chimeric peptide (LFch) strongly boosts TGFβ1-mediated inducible Treg differentiation possibly through downregulating TCR/CD28 signalling. Immunol Suppl 2023; 168:110-119. [PMID: 36054548 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that lactoferrin (LF) induces Foxp3+ Treg differentiation through binding to TGFβ receptor III (TβRIII), and this activity was further enhanced by TGFβ1. Generally, a low T-cell receptor (TCR) signal strength is favourable for Foxp3+ Treg differentiation. In the present study, we explored the effect of lactoferrin chimera (LFch, containing lactoferricin [aa 17-30] and lactoferrampin [aa 265-284]), along with TGFβ1 on Foxp3+ Treg differentiation. LFch alone did not induce Foxp3 expression, yet LFch dramatically enhanced TGFβ1-induced Foxp3 expression. LFch had little effect on the phosphorylation of Smad3, a canonical transcriptional factor of TGFβ1. Instead, LFch attenuated the phosphorylation of S6 (a target of mTOR), IκB and PI3K. These activities of LFch were completely abrogated by pretreatment of LFch with soluble TGFβ1 receptor III (sTβRIII). Consistent with this, the activity of LFch on TGFβ1-induced Foxp3 expression was also abrogated by treatment with sTβRIII. Finally, the TGFβ1/LFch-induced T cell population substantially suppressed the proliferation of responder CD4+ T cells. These results indicate that LFch robustly enhances TGFβ1-induced Foxp3+ Treg differentiation by diminishing TCR/CD28 signal intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Saeng Jang
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Won Yang
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Eon Song
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Park
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Goo Kang
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Yoon
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Rae Park
- Department of Microbiology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ryeon Seo
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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3
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Elliot TAE, Jennings EK, Lecky DAJ, Rouvray S, Mackie GM, Scarfe L, Sheriff L, Ono M, Maslowski KM, Bending D. Nur77-Tempo mice reveal T cell steady state antigen recognition. Discov Immunol 2022; 1:kyac009. [PMID: 36704407 PMCID: PMC7614040 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In lymphocytes, Nr4a gene expression is specifically regulated by antigen receptor signalling, making them ideal targets for use as distal T cell receptor (TCR) reporters. Nr4a3-Timer of cell kinetics and activity (Tocky) mice are a ground-breaking tool to report TCR-driven Nr4a3 expression using Fluorescent Timer protein (FT). FT undergoes a time-dependent shift in its emission spectrum following translation, allowing for the temporal reporting of transcriptional events. Our recent work suggested that Nr4a1/Nur77 may be a more sensitive gene to distal TCR signals compared to Nr4a3, so we, therefore, generated Nur77-Timer-rapidly-expressed-in-lymphocytes (Tempo) mice that express FT under the regulation of Nur77. We validated the ability of Nur77-Tempo mice to report TCR and B cell receptor signals and investigated the signals regulating Nur77-FT expression. We found that Nur77-FT was sensitive to low-strength TCR signals, and its brightness was graded in response to TCR signal strength. Nur77-FT detected positive selection signals in the thymus, and analysis of FT expression revealed that positive selection signals are often persistent in nature, with most thymic Treg expressing FT Blue. We found that active TCR signals in the spleen are low frequency, but CD69+ lymphoid T cells are enriched for FT Blue+ Red+ T cells, suggesting frequent TCR signalling. In non-lymphoid tissue, we saw a dissociation of FT protein from CD69 expression, indicating that tissue residency is not associated with tonic TCR signals. Nur77-Tempo mice, therefore, combine the temporal dynamics from the Tocky innovation with increased sensitivity of Nr4a1 to lower TCR signal strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. E. Elliot
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma K. Jennings
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David A. J. Lecky
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sophie Rouvray
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gillian M. Mackie
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lisa Scarfe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lozan Sheriff
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kendle M. Maslowski
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David Bending
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,Correspondence: David Bending, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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4
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Spinelli L, Marchingo JM, Nomura A, Damasio MP, Cantrell DA. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase p110 Delta Differentially Restrains and Directs Naïve Versus Effector CD8 + T Cell Transcriptional Programs. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691997. [PMID: 34220851 PMCID: PMC8250422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110 delta (PI3K p110δ) is pivotal for CD8+ T cell immune responses. The current study explores PI3K p110δ induction and repression of antigen receptor and cytokine regulated programs to inform how PI3K p110δ directs CD8+ T cell fate. The studies force a revision of the concept that PI3K p110δ controls metabolic pathways in T cells and reveal major differences in PI3K p110δ regulated transcriptional programs between naïve and effector cytotoxic T cells (CTL). These differences include differential control of the expression of cytolytic effector molecules and costimulatory receptors. Key insights from the work include that PI3K p110δ signalling pathways repress expression of the critical inhibitory receptors CTLA4 and SLAMF6 in CTL. Moreover, in both naïve and effector T cells the dominant role for PI3K p110δ is to restrain the production of the chemokines that orchestrate communication between adaptive and innate immune cells. The study provides a comprehensive resource for understanding how PI3K p110δ uses multiple processes mediated by Protein Kinase B/AKT, FOXO1 dependent and independent mechanisms and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) to direct CD8+ T cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Spinelli
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Julia M Marchingo
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Aneela Nomura
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos P Damasio
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Doreen A Cantrell
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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5
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Luff DH, Wojdyla K, Oxley D, Chessa T, Hudson K, Hawkins PT, Stephens LR, Barry ST, Okkenhaug K. PI3Kδ Forms Distinct Multiprotein Complexes at the TCR Signalosome in Naïve and Differentiated CD4 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631271. [PMID: 33763075 PMCID: PMC7982423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) play a central role in adaptive immunity by transducing signals from the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) via production of PIP3. PI3Kδ is a heterodimer composed of a p110δ catalytic subunit associated with a p85α or p85β regulatory subunit and is preferentially engaged by the TCR upon T cell activation. The molecular mechanisms leading to PI3Kδ recruitment and activation at the TCR signalosome remain unclear. In this study, we have used quantitative mass spectrometry, biochemical approaches and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to uncover the p110δ interactome in primary CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we have determined how the PI3Kδ interactome changes upon the differentiation of small naïve T cells into T cell blasts expanded in the presence of IL-2. Our interactomic analyses identified multiple constitutive and inducible PI3Kδ-interacting proteins, some of which were common to naïve and previously-activated T cells. Our data reveals that PI3Kδ rapidly interacts with as many as seven adaptor proteins upon TCR engagement, including the Gab-family proteins, GAB2 and GAB3, a CD5-CBL signalosome and the transmembrane proteins ICOS and TRIM. Our results also suggest that PI3Kδ pre-forms complexes with the adaptors SH3KBP1 and CRKL in resting cells that could facilitate the localization and activation of p110δ at the plasma membrane by forming ternary complexes during early TCR signalling. Furthermore, we identify interactions that were not previously known to occur in CD4+ T cells, involving BCAP, GAB3, IQGAP3 and JAML. We used CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout in primary T cells to confirm that BCAP is a positive regulator of PI3K-AKT signalling in CD4+ T cell blasts. Overall, our results provide evidence for a large protein network that regulates the recruitment and activation of PI3Kδ in T cells. Finally, this work shows how the PI3Kδ interactome is remodeled as CD4+ T cells differentiate from naïve T cells to activated T cell blasts. These activated T cells upregulate additional PI3Kδ adaptor proteins, including BCAP, GAB2, IQGAP3 and ICOS. This rewiring of TCR-PI3K signalling that occurs upon T cell differentiation may serve to reduce the threshold of activation and diversify the inputs for the PI3K pathway in effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy H Luff
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Wojdyla
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Oxley
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara Chessa
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Hudson
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip T Hawkins
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Len R Stephens
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon T Barry
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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6
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Ono M. Control of regulatory T-cell differentiation and function by T-cell receptor signalling and Foxp3 transcription factor complexes. Immunology 2020; 160:24-37. [PMID: 32022254 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Foxp3 controls the differentiation and function of regulatory T-cells (Treg). Studies in the past decades identified numerous Foxp3-interacting protein partners. However, it is still not clear how Foxp3 produces the Treg-type transcriptomic landscape through cooperating with its partners. Here I show the current understanding of how Foxp3 transcription factor complexes regulate the differentiation, maintenance and functional maturation of Treg. Importantly, T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling plays central roles in Treg differentiation and Foxp3-mediated gene regulation. Differentiating Treg will have recognized their cognate antigens and received TCR signals before initiating Foxp3 transcription, which is triggered by TCR-induced transcription factors including NFAT, AP-1 and NF-κB. Once expressed, Foxp3 seizes TCR signal-induced transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms through interacting with AML1/Runx1 and NFAT. Thus, Foxp3 modifies gene expression dynamics of TCR-induced genes, which constitute cardinal mechanisms for Treg-mediated immune suppression. Next, I discuss the following key topics, proposing new mechanistic models for Foxp3-mediated gene regulation: (i) how Foxp3 transcription is induced and maintained by the Foxp3-inducing enhanceosome and the Foxp3 autoregulatory transcription factor complex; (ii) molecular mechanisms for effector Treg differentiation (i.e. Treg maturation); (iii) how Foxp3 activates or represses its target genes through recruiting coactivators and corepressors; (iv) the 'decision-making' Foxp3-containing transcription factor complex for Th17 and Treg differentiation; and (v) the roles of post-translational modification in Foxp3 regulation. Thus, this article provides cutting-edge understanding of molecular biology of Foxp3 and Treg, integrating findings by biochemical and genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ono
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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7
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Wiede F, Lu KH, Du X, Liang S, Hochheiser K, Dodd GT, Goh PK, Kearney C, Meyran D, Beavis PA, Henderson MA, Park SL, Waithman J, Zhang S, Zhang ZY, Oliaro J, Gebhardt T, Darcy PK, Tiganis T. PTPN2 phosphatase deletion in T cells promotes anti-tumour immunity and CAR T-cell efficacy in solid tumours. EMBO J 2019; 39:e103637. [PMID: 31803974 PMCID: PMC6960448 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although adoptive T-cell therapy has shown remarkable clinical efficacy in haematological malignancies, its success in combating solid tumours has been limited. Here, we report that PTPN2 deletion in T cells enhances cancer immunosurveillance and the efficacy of adoptively transferred tumour-specific T cells. T-cell-specific PTPN2 deficiency prevented tumours forming in aged mice heterozygous for the tumour suppressor p53. Adoptive transfer of PTPN2-deficient CD8+ T cells markedly repressed tumour formation in mice bearing mammary tumours. Moreover, PTPN2 deletion in T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for the oncoprotein HER-2 increased the activation of the Src family kinase LCK and cytokine-induced STAT-5 signalling, thereby enhancing both CAR T-cell activation and homing to CXCL9/10-expressing tumours to eradicate HER-2+ mammary tumours in vivo. Our findings define PTPN2 as a target for bolstering T-cell-mediated anti-tumour immunity and CAR T-cell therapy against solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wiede
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Kun-Hui Lu
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Xin Du
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Shuwei Liang
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Katharina Hochheiser
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Garron T Dodd
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Pei K Goh
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Conor Kearney
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Deborah Meyran
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Paul A Beavis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jason Waithman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jane Oliaro
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Phillip K Darcy
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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8
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Naidoo L, Mzobe Z, Jin SW, Rajkoomar E, Reddy T, Brockman MA, Brumme ZL, Ndung'u T, Mann JK. Nef-mediated inhibition of NFAT following TCR stimulation differs between HIV-1 subtypes. Virology 2019; 531:192-202. [PMID: 30927712 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional characterisation of different HIV-1 subtypes may improve understanding of viral pathogenesis and spread. Here, we evaluated the ability of 345 unique HIV-1 Nef clones representing subtypes A, B, C and D to inhibit NFAT signalling following TCR stimulation. The contribution of this Nef function to disease progression was also assessed in 211 additional Nef clones isolated from unique subtype C infected individuals in early or chronic infection. On average, subtype A and C Nef clones exhibited significantly lower ability to inhibit TCR-mediated NFAT signalling compared to subtype B and D Nef clones. While this observation corroborates accumulating evidence supporting relative attenuation of subtypes A and C that may paradoxically contribute to their increased global prevalence and spread, no significant correlations between Nef-mediated NFAT inhibition activity and clinical markers of HIV-1 infection were observed, indicating that the relationship between Nef function and pathogenesis is complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Naidoo
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Zinhle Mzobe
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Steven W Jin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Erasha Rajkoomar
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Tarylee Reddy
- Medical Research Council, Biostatistics Unit, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Mark A Brockman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6; Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6
| | - Zabrina L Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6Z 1Y6
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Africa Health Research Institute, Durban 4001, South Africa; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaclyn K Mann
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.
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9
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Capitani N, Codolo G, Vallese F, Minervini G, Grassi A, Cianchi F, Troilo A, Fischer W, Zanotti G, Baldari CT, de Bernard M, D'Elios MM. The lipoprotein HP1454 of Helicobacter pylori regulates T-cell response by shaping T-cell receptor signalling. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13006. [PMID: 30646431 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a Gram-negative bacterium that chronically infects the stomach of more than 50% of human population and represents a major cause of gastric cancer, gastric lymphoma, gastric autoimmunity, and peptic ulcer. It still remains to be elucidated, which HP virulence factors are important in the development of gastric disorders. Here, we analysed the role of the HP protein HP1454 in the host-pathogen interaction. We found that a significant proportion of T cells isolated from HP patients with chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma proliferated in response to HP1454. Moreover, we demonstrated in vivo that HP1454 protein drives Th1/Th17 inflammatory responses. We further analysed the in vitro response of human T cells exposed either to an HP wild-type strain or to a strain with a deletion of the hp1454 gene, and we revealed that HP1454 triggers the T-cell antigen receptor-dependent signalling and lymphocyte proliferation, as well as the CXCL12-dependent cell adhesion and migration. Our study findings prove that HP1454 is a crucial bacterial factor that exerts its proinflammatory activity by directly modulating the T-cell response. The relevance of these results can be appreciated by considering that compelling evidence suggest that chronic gastric inflammation, a condition that paves the way to HP-associated diseases, is dependent on T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Vallese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Grassi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Cianchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Arianna Troilo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Fischer
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institutfür Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Zanotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario M D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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10
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Inderberg EM, Mensali N, Oksvold MP, Fallang LE, Fåne A, Skorstad G, Stenvik GE, Progida C, Bakke O, Kvalheim G, Myklebust JH, Wälchli S. Human c-SRC kinase (CSK) overexpression makes T cells dummy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:525-536. [PMID: 29248956 PMCID: PMC11028372 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells represents a powerful method to redirect the immune system against tumours. However, although TCR recognition is restricted to a specific peptide-MHC (pMHC) complex, increasing numbers of reports have shown cross-reactivity and off-target effects with severe consequences for the patients. This demands further development of strategies to validate TCR safety prior to clinical use. We reasoned that the desired TCR signalling depends on correct pMHC recognition on the outside and a restricted clustering on the inside of the cell. Since the majority of the adverse events are due to TCR recognition of the wrong target, we tested if blocking the signalling would affect the binding. By over-expressing the c-SRC kinase (CSK), a negative regulator of LCK, in redirected T cells, we showed that peripheral blood T cells inhibited anti-CD3/anti-CD28-induced phosphorylation of ERK, whereas TCR proximal signalling was not affected. Similarly, overexpression of CSK together with a therapeutic TCR prevented pMHC-induced ERK phosphorylation. Downstream effector functions were also almost completely blocked, including pMHC-induced IL-2 release, degranulation and, most importantly, target cell killing. The lack of effector functions contrasted with the unaffected TCR expression, pMHC recognition, and membrane exchange activity (trogocytosis). Therefore, co-expression of CSK with a therapeutic TCR did not compromise target recognition and binding, but rendered T cells incapable of executing their effector functions. Consequently, we named these redirected T cells "dummy T cells" and propose to use them for safety validation of new TCRs prior to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Marit Inderberg
- Section for Cellular Therapy, Department for Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, PO Box 4953, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Mensali
- Section for Cellular Therapy, Department for Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, PO Box 4953, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten P Oksvold
- Section for Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Anne Fåne
- Section for Cellular Therapy, Department for Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, PO Box 4953, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gjertrud Skorstad
- Section for Cellular Therapy, Department for Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, PO Box 4953, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Cinzia Progida
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oddmund Bakke
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Section for Cellular Therapy, Department for Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, PO Box 4953, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - June H Myklebust
- Section for Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Section for Cellular Therapy, Department for Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, PO Box 4953, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
- Section for Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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11
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Franz D, Contreras F, González H, Prado C, Elgueta D, Figueroa C, Pacheco R. Dopamine receptors D3 and D5 regulate CD4(+)T-cell activation and differentiation by modulating ERK activation and cAMP production. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 284:18-29. [PMID: 26025054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine receptors have been described in T-cells, however their signalling pathways coupled remain unknown. Since cAMP and ERKs play key roles regulating T-cell physiology, we aim to determine whether cAMP and ERK1/2-phosphorylation are modulated by dopamine receptor 3 (D3R) and D5R, and how this modulation affects CD4(+) T-cell activation and differentiation. Our pharmacologic and genetic evidence shows that D3R-stimulation reduced cAMP levels and ERK2-phosphorylation, consequently increasing CD4(+) T-cell activation and Th1-differentiation, respectively. Moreover, D5R expression reinforced TCR-triggered ERK1/2-phosphorylation and T-cell activation. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate how D3R and D5R modulate key signalling pathways affecting CD4(+) T-cell activation and Th1-differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Franz
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, 7780272 Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Contreras
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, 7780272 Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo González
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, 7780272 Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Prado
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, 7780272 Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Elgueta
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, 7780272 Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Figueroa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia, 7510157 Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, 7780272 Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146 Santiago, Chile.
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12
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MacKinnon CH, Lau K, Burch JD, Chen Y, Dines J, Ding X, Eigenbrot C, Heifetz A, Jaochico A, Johnson A, Kraemer J, Kruger S, Krülle TM, Liimatta M, Ly J, Maghames R, Montalbetti CAGN, Ortwine DF, Pérez-Fuertes Y, Shia S, Stein DB, Trani G, Vaidya DG, Wang X, Bromidge SM, Wu LC, Pei Z. Structure-based design and synthesis of potent benzothiazole inhibitors of interleukin-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6331-5. [PMID: 24138940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase ITK, a component of the T-cell receptor signalling cascade, may represent a novel treatment for allergic asthma. Here we report the structure-based optimization of a series of benzothiazole amides that demonstrate sub-nanomolar inhibitory potency against ITK with good cellular activity and kinase selectivity. We also elucidate the binding mode of these inhibitors by solving the X-ray crystal structures of several inhibitor-ITK complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin H MacKinnon
- Evotec (UK) Ltd, 114 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SA, United Kingdom
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13
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Hoyne GF. The role of ubiquitin ligases in the control of organ specific autoimmunity. Am J Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 1:101-112. [PMID: 23885319 PMCID: PMC3714191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia caused by a deficiency in insulin action, insulin secretion or both. Type 1 diabetes is classified as the destruction of beta cells leading to a deficiency in insulin production. Type1 diabetes accounts for 5-10% of patients with diabetes and most commonly is caused by the autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas. The adaptive immune system is composed of antigen specific T and B lymphocytes which play a central role in protecting the human body from infectious pathogens but occasionally autoreactive T and B cells can escape immune tolerance, become activated and induce autoimmune diseases. Naïve T cells require two distinct signals one delivered via the antigen receptor and the second through the costimulatory receptor CD28 that leads to the induction of IL-2 gene transcription. IL-2 is an important T cell growth factor that can influence both immunity and tolerance. Given its pivotal role it is not surprising that the immune system places strict regulation over Il2 gene transcription that is controlled by a number of E3 ubiquitin ligases that modulate TCR and CD28 signaling. This review will examine how different E3 ligases function to control T effector cell differentiation and how studies in gene knockout animal models has been crucial in understanding how these proteins function in vivo to regulate immune tolerance in the peripheral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard F Hoyne
- The School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia Fremantle, Western Australia 6959
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