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Zhang L, Li X, Yu R, Geng Y, Sun L, Sun H, Li Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Lei X, Wang R, Lu C, Lu X. Significant methane ebullition from large shallow eutrophic lakes of the semi-arid region of northern China. J Environ Manage 2023; 347:119093. [PMID: 37783080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophic lakes are a major source of the atmospheric greenhouse gas methane (CH4), and CH4 ebullition emissions from inland lakes have important implications for the carbon cycle. However, the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of CH4 ebullition emission and its influencing factors in shallow eutrophic lakes of arid and semi-arid regions remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the mechanism of CH4 emission via eutrophication in Lake Ulansuhai, a large shallow eutrophic lake in a semi-arid region of China.To this end, monthly field surveys were conducted from May to October 2021, and gas chromatography was applied using the headspace equilibrium technique with an inverted funnel arrangement. The total CH4 fluxes ranged from 0.102 mmol m-2 d-1 to 59.296 mmol m-2 d-1 with an average value of 4.984 ± 1.82 mmol m-2 d-1. CH4 ebullition emissions showed significant temporal and spatial variations. The highest CH4 ebullition emission was observed in July with a grand mean of 9.299 mmol m-2 d-1, and the lowest CH4 ebullition emissions occurred in October with an average of 0.235 mmol m-2 d-1. Among seven sites (S1-S7), the maximum (3.657 mmol m-2 d-1) and minimum (1.297 mmol m-2 d-1). CH4 ebullition emissions were observed at S2 and S7, respectively. As the main route of CH4 emission to the atmosphere in Lake Ulansuhai, the CH4 ebullition flux during May to October accounted for 69% of the total CH4 flux. Statistical analysis showed that CH4 ebullition was positively correlated with temperature (R = 0.391, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with air pressure (R = 0.286, P < 0.00). Temperature and air pressure were found to strongly regulate the production and oxidation of CH4. Moreover, nutritional status indicators such as TP and NH4+-N significantly affect CH4 ebullition emissions (R = 0.232, P < 0.01; R = -0.241, P < 0.01). This study reveals the influencing factors of CH4 ebullition emission in Lake Ulansuhai, and provides theoretical reference and data support for carbon emission from eutrophic lakes. Nevertheless, research on eutrophic shallow lakes needs to be further strengthened. Future research should incorporate improved flux measurement techniques with process-based models to improve the accuracy from regional to large-scale estimation of CH4 emissions and clarify the carbon budget of aquatic ecosystems. In this manner, the understanding and predictability of CH4 ebullition emission from shallow lakes can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiangwei Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China; Key Laboratory of Mongolian Plateau Ecology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Hohhot, 010021, China; Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River, Hohhot, 010018, China.
| | - Yue Geng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Liangqi Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Heyang Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China; Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xue Lei
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Changwei Lu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xixi Lu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China; Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 117570, Singapore
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Tse YT, Lo HS, Tsang CW, Han J, Fang JKH, Chan SMN, Sze ETP. Quantitative analysis and risk assessment to full-size microplastics pollution in the coastal marine waters of Hong Kong. Science of The Total Environment 2023; 879:163006. [PMID: 36966838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the potential risk to the ecosystem, attention has increased in recent decades to the contamination of the aquatic environment by microplastics (MPs). Due to the limitations of conventional analysis methods of MPs, little is known about the size distribution and abundance of a full-size MPs from 1 μm to 5 mm. The present study quantified MPs with size ranges of 50 μm - 5 mm and 1-50 μm in the coastal marine waters from twelve locations in Hong Kong using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry respectively, during the end of wet (September 2021) and dry (March 2022) seasons. The average abundance of MPs with size ranges of 50 μm - 5 mm and 1-50 μm from twelve sampling locations marine surface waters were found ranging from 27 to 104 particles L-1 and 43,675-387,901 particles L-1 in the wet season respectively, and 13-36 particles L-1 and 23,178-338,604 particles L-1 in the dry season respectively. Significant temporal and spatial variations of small MPs abundance might be observed at the sampling locations, which were contributed by the influences of the estuary of Pearl River, sewage discharge points, land structure, and other anthropogenic activities. Based on the MPs abundance information, ecological risk assessment was conducted and revealed that the small MPs (< 10 μm) in coastal marine surface waters may pose potential health risks to aquatic organisms. Additional risk assessments are needed in order to determine whether or not the MPs exposure would cause health risks to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuet-Tung Tse
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Homantin, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi-Shing Lo
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chi-Wing Tsang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong (THEi), Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - Jie Han
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Homantin, Hong Kong
| | - James Kar-Hei Fang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Sidney Man-Ngai Chan
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Homantin, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Tung-Po Sze
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Homantin, Hong Kong.
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Hirose K, Povinec PP. Ten years of investigations of Fukushima radionuclides in the environment: A review on process studies in environmental compartments. J Environ Radioact 2022; 251-252:106929. [PMID: 35717792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In March 2011, severe nuclear accident happened at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) after the gigantic earthquake and following huge tsunami wave. A lot of investigations to assess environmental and radiological impacts of released radionuclides have been conducted by domestic and international organizations. Environmental radioactivity research related to the FDNPP accident has spread widely over different scientific fields due to specific features of the accident, and specifically its impact on the marine environment. The present paper summarizes major lessons learned from the environmental investigations of the FDNPP accident. Environmental radioactivity studies have typical interdisciplinary character; especially physics and chemistry are fundamental as a base of process studies in the environment. In this sight, we review chemical aspects regarding FDNPP-derived radiocesium transfer within and between compartments (atmosphere, ocean and land). We also discuss future trends in investigations of behavior of anthropogenic radionuclides in the environment, important not only for a better understanding of impacts of the FDNPP accident on the environment, but also for improving our general knowledge of the total environment in the Anthropocene era and its protection for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Hirose
- Laboratory for Environmental Research at Mount Fuji, Okubo, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Pavel P Povinec
- Comenius University, Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Li H, Chen S, Ma T, Ruan X. The quantification of the influencing factors for spatial and temporal variations in surface water quality in recent ten years of the Huaihe River Basin, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:44490-44503. [PMID: 35133589 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Temporal and spatial variations in river water quality and the factors influencing such variations are important basis and prerequisites for identifying pollution sources and improving river water environment. Monthly data for 22 indicators at 485 surface water quality (SWQ) monitoring sites (46,560 groups) in the Huaihe River Basin (HRB) from 2011 to 2018 were analyzed. This paper assessed temporal and spatial changes in SWQ in the HRB and identified the main factors influencing the changes and each factor's contribution to the changes. The five-day biological oxygen demand, permanganate index, fluoride, ammonium nitrogen, and total phosphorus were the main pollutants. Spatial cluster analysis indicated that the HRB could be divided by SWQ into areas I-IV from light to heavy pollution. Areas I and IV were nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients pollution, and areas II and III were heavy metals and organic pollution. Area IV (poor SWQ) locates mainly north of the Huaihe mainstream with annual average rainfall ≤ 640 mm. SWQ in the HRB has been improving for two decades, with an inflection point in 2015 between 2011 and 2018, and rainfall change is an important factor for the inflection point. The urbanization rate, industrial water consumption, and rainfall were the key factors influencing SWQ changes in the watershed with significant hydrological zonation, with urbanization rate and rainfall increased, industrial water consumption decreased, the SWQ was gradually improved. The key factors contributing to SWQ changes in the future will be the sewage treatment rate and rainfall changes caused by natural variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tianhai Ma
- Nanjing University Jinling College, Nanjing, 210089, China
| | - Xiaohong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Taher MES, Ghoneium AM, Hopcroft RR, ElTohamy WS. Temporal and spatial variations of surface water quality in the Nile River of Damietta Region, Egypt. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:128. [PMID: 33587189 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Temporal/spatial variations of surface water quality were examined for the Nile River in the Damietta region where it serves as the major source of water for the inhabitants of Damietta Governorate. A total of 32 water quality parameters were monitored at six sampling sites for 12 months from February 2016 to January 2017. Higher values of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), heavy metals, and nutrients were observed upstream. About ~ 70% of the total variance in observations was explained by five main influences using factor analysis. The first factor (24.6% of the variance) was indicative of the mixed sources of natural and anthropogenic inputs. The second (nutritional) and the third (organic) factors were mainly controlled by the discharges from agricultural and domestic sources, respectively. Human activities and natural processes controlled the fourth and fifth factors. Only 11 parameters (K, temperature, COD, HPC, total hardness, DO, NO2, Na, TDS, Cl, and EC) were necessary for distinguishing temporal variations according to Discriminant analysis (DA). Seven parameters (BOD, PO4, SiO3, Al, Turbidity, Fe, and Chlorophyll-a) were the most important variables responsible for spatial variations. Using the results we developed a water quality index (WQI) using only those parameters identified as important. All water quality parameters were below the permissible limits except for turbidity according to the World Health Organization standards, BOD and COD according to the Egyptian regulations. The calculated WQI values ranged between 12.73 and 33.73. According to these values, the Nile River Damietta branch represents a good to an excellent source of drinking water for entering secondary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed M Ghoneium
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Russell R Hopcroft
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Wael S ElTohamy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt.
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Li X, Zhang J, Ma J, Liu Q, Shi T, Gong Y, Yang S, Wu Y. Status of chromium accumulation in agricultural soils across China (1989-2016). Chemosphere 2020; 256:127036. [PMID: 32428740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The first national-scale assessment of chromium (Cr) contamination in China's agricultural soils was performed based on 1625 sites analysed with 1799 previously published papers. Spatial and temporal variations were assessed, and the ecological risk was estimated. The range of Cr concentrations in farmland soil is 1.48-820.24 mg/kg. At approximately 4.31% and 0.12% of the sampling sites, Cr concentrations exceeded the screening value (150 mg/kg) and the control value (800 mg/kg), respectively (GB15618-2018). Cr concentrations decreased in the following order: Southwest > Northwest > East > South > Northeast > Central > North China. Moreover, the Cr accumulation rate in agricultural soils may have decreased during 2011-2016, possibly due to government-led changes in China's industrial structure and policies limiting the discharge of polluted industrial wastes. Linear correlations were observed between the application amounts of fertilizers and Cr concentrations in the soil, indicating that the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is an important contributor of Cr in agricultural soils. Additionally, geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values for Cr showed that more than 83.4% of the sampling sites were uncontaminated, with high Igeo values distributed in some areas, especially those with mining and electroplating industries. Overall, this study details the Cr contamination status of agricultural soils in China and provides insights for policymakers enacting measures to prevent pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, 510045, China
| | - Jin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Qiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Taoran Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yiwei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yihang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Li X, Zhang J, Gong Y, Liu Q, Yang S, Ma J, Zhao L, Hou H. Status of copper accumulation in agricultural soils across China (1985-2016). Chemosphere 2020; 244:125516. [PMID: 31830645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The first national-scale assessment of Cu contamination of agricultural soils covering 1731 sites in China was performed based on 1837 published papers. The temporal and spatial variations from 1985 to 2016 in the Cu concentrations and the ecological and health risks associated with Cu exposure were analyzed. Approximately, 21.02% of the sampling sites revealed Cu concentrations that exceeded the screening value (50.00 mg/kg; GB15618-2018). The Cu concentrations differed among five geographical regions in the decreasing order of South China > West China > East China > Northeast China > North China. Notably, concentration of Cu in agricultural soils have begun to diminish since 2011 due to reduced heavy metal inputs. Cu mainly originated from anthropogenic activities such as mining and agricultural activities. Linear correlations were observed between the amounts of fungicides and fertilizers applied and the Cu concentrations in the soils, which suggested that the application of fungicides and fertilizers is an important contributor to the accumulation of Cu in soils. Additionally, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and ecological risk index (Efi) values implied that pollution and ecological risk resulting from soil Cu concentration were in low levels. The hazard index (HI) values were higher for children than for adults. Therefore, children should be prioritized for protection from heavy metal pollution. Overall, this study details the status of Cu contamination of agricultural soils in China, and thus provides insights for policymakers regarding the preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, 510045, China
| | - Yiwei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Qiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Nkinahamira F, Suanon F, Chi Q, Li Y, Feng M, Huang X, Yu CP, Sun Q. Occurrence, geochemical fractionation, and environmental risk assessment of major and trace elements in sewage sludge. J Environ Manage 2019; 249:109427. [PMID: 31450198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization and accelerated population growth have created a huge amount of sewage sludge. Many studies have reported the sewage sludge as a sink of major and trace elements, but less is known about their geochemical fractionations. In order to assess the mobility, the distribution, bioavailability, and toxicity of those elements in sludge, we collected the sewage sludge samples from all the seven wastewater treatment plants in Xiamen City, China. Results revealed a strong spatial variation and the occurrence of 48 elements with concentrations ranging from 1.00×10-2 mg kg-1 (Re) to 9.03×101 g kg-1 (Fe) on the basis of dry sludge weight. Sequential extraction procedure showed that residual and oxidizable fractions were the main geochemical fractions of most studied elements. However, Ca, Mn, Sr, and Ni were mainly bound to acid-exchangeable fractions, while Fe, Zn, Cd, Cr, Co, and V were mainly distributed in the reducible fractions. The contamination factor and risk assessment code indicated that Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Co, Sr, Ca, Mn, Mo, Re, and W were highly mobile with less retention time and exerted high environmental risks through sludge land application. The sludge disposal strategy should consider not only the total concentrations of a broad range of elements but also their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Nkinahamira
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fidèle Suanon
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yeyun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Meiling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Shi T, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Ma J, Wei H, Wu X, Zhao L, Hou H. Status of cadmium accumulation in agricultural soils across China (1975-2016): From temporal and spatial variations to risk assessment. Chemosphere 2019; 230:136-143. [PMID: 31103859 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Based on 1186 published studies, the first national-scale assessment of cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils across China was conducted. Cd concentrations, temporal and spatial variations, and ecological and health risks resulted from Cd exposure were analyzed. A small part of sampling sites with Cd concentration surpass the screening value and the control value (GB15618-2018), respectively. Soil Cd concentrations in South China were higher than other regions. Ecological risks resulting from Cd contamination were low. Soil Cd concentrations accumulated gradually from 1981 to 2016. Cd mainly came from anthropogenic activities, such as mining, smelting, sewage irrigation, and fertilization. Linear correlations were observed between application amounts of fertilizers and Cd concentrations in soil, indicating that the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and compound fertilizers is an important contributor of Cd in soils. This study details the overall Cd contamination status of agricultural soils in China, thus can provide insights for policymakers regarding contamination prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoran Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yunyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yiwei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Haiying Wei
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Yu H, Yang W, Wang X, Yin B, Zhang X, Wang J, Gu C, Ming J, Geng C, Bai Z. A seriously sand storm mixed air-polluted area in the margin of Tarim Basin: Temporal-spatial distribution and potential sources. Sci Total Environ 2019; 676:436-446. [PMID: 31048173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to analyze the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3 in five cities and the potential sources of PM10 in southern Xinjiang during 2016, we collected one year officially released data for analysis. The average PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3 and CO concentrations were 289 ± 363, 99 ± 106, 17 ± 9, 29 ± 11, 65 ± 25 μg m-3 and 1.3 ± 0.6 mg m-3 in southern Xinjiang in 2016, respectively. The air pollutants presented distinct seasonal and spatial distribution characteristics. During sandstorm process, the particulate matters (PM) concentrations increased abruptly, with the PM10 and PM2.5 maximum concentrations exceeding 1000 and 500 μg m-3 in each city. The backward trajectory results showed that the air masses in Akesu, Kurla, Hotan, Kashi and Atushi were mainly from the Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Kyrgyzstan, Kizilesu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture and Taklimakan Desert (TD). In addition, TD was the main potential contributor to ambient PM10 in five cities during the dust season (DS), with a weighted potential source contribution function (WPSCF) > 0.9. While the trajectories of air masses from TD, Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Urumqi-Changji Area and local emission were potential sources contributing to PM2.5 in these five cities during DS, with a WPSCF > 0.7. Moreover, the high weighted concentration weighted trajectory (WCWT) values were distributed in the Tarim basin, with PM10 > 700 μg m-3, however, the local emission and long distance transport contributed to the PM2.5 > 160 μg m-3 for five cities. This study comprehensively analyzes the pollution characteristics of air pollutants in five important cities in the southern margin of the Tarim Basin for the first time, and will provide an important reference basis for the prevention and control of air pollution in southern Xinjiang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Baohui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Chao Gu
- The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Environmental Monitoring Station, Urumchi, Xinjiang 830011, PR China
| | - Jing Ming
- Freelance Scientist, Victoria 3109, Australia
| | - Chunmei Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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11
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Han L, Gao B, Hao H, Zhou H, Lu J, Sun K. Lead contamination in sediments in the past 20 years: A challenge for China. Sci Total Environ 2018; 640-641:746-756. [PMID: 29879663 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) contamination was recognized in China early in the 1920s. However, the response of Pb contamination in sediments to China's rapid economic and social development remains uncertain to date. We conducted a literature review of over 1000 articles from 1990 to 2016 and the first national-scale survey of Pb contamination in China. A literature review showed that available research in China focused on the economically highly developed river basins, including the Pearl River Basin (PRB), Yellow River Basin (YRB), and Yangtze River Basin (YtRB), whereas those in the less developed southeastern, southwestern, and northwestern river basins received limited attention. The YtRB and YRB had higher Pb contamination levels than other basins, corresponding with the rapid economic development in those regions. However, the less economically developed river basins in the southeastern and northwestern regions of China were also contaminated by Pb. Analysis of 146 studies in the PRB, YRB, and YtRB revealed that Pb contamination in PRB sediments showed a tendency to improve over time, whereas that from the YtRB exhibited a tendency to worsen. For the YRB, there was a slight increase from 1990 to 2006 and a decreasing trend from 2007 to 2014. The overall temporal trend in Pb levels in PRB and YRB sediments corresponded with that of the Pb discharged in wastewater in the surrounding cities, indicating that industrial wastewater discharge was possibly one of the main anthropogenic sources of Pb in those sediments. For the YtRB, the increasing trend in Pb concentrations was related to the considerably high atmospheric Pb emissions in the surrounding cities and its geographical characteristics. These findings suggested that China should develop systematic and consistent approaches for monitoring Pb contents in sediments and adopt a regional economic development policy focusing on pollution prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Hong Hao
- Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Huaidong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; Department of Water Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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12
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Jin Q, Ma X, Wang G, Yang X, Guo F. Dynamics of major air pollutants from crop residue burning in mainland China, 2000-2014. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 70:190-205. [PMID: 30037405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Based on satellite image data and China's Statistical Yearbooks (2000 to 2014), we estimated the total mass of crop residue burned, and the proportion of residue burned in the field vs. indoors as domestic fuel. The total emissions of various pollutants from the burning of crop residue were estimated for 2000-2014 using the emission factor method. The results indicate that the total amount of crop residue and average burned mass were 8690.9Tg and 4914.6Tg, respectively. The total amount of emitted pollutants including CO2, CO, NOx, VOCs, PM2.5, OC (organic carbon), EC (element carbon) and TC (total carbon) were 4212.4-8440.9Tg, 192.8-579.4Tg, 4.8-19.4Tg, 18.6-61.3Tg, 18.8-49.7Tg, 6.7-31.3Tg, 2.3-4.7Tg, and 8.5-34.1Tg, respectively. The emissions of pollutants released from crop residue burning were found to be spatially variable, with the burning of crop residue mainly occurring in Northeast, North and South China. In addition, pollutant emissions per unit area (10 km × 10 km) were mostly concentrated in the central and eastern regions of China. Emissions of CO2, NOx, VOCs, OC and TC were mainly from rice straw burning, while burning of corn and wheat residues contributed most to emissions of CO, PM2.5 and EC. The increased ratio of PM2.5 emissions from crop residue burning to the total emitted from industry during the study period is attributed to the implementation of strict emissions management policies in Chinese industry. This study also provides baseline data for assessment of the regional atmospheric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfeng Jin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Co-innovation Center for Soil and Water Conservation in the Red Soil Region of the Cross-straits, Fuzhou 350002, China; Li Shui Vocational Technical College, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Xiangqing Ma
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Co-innovation Center for Soil and Water Conservation in the Red Soil Region of the Cross-straits, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Asia-Pacific Forest Research Centre, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xiajie Yang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Co-innovation Center for Soil and Water Conservation in the Red Soil Region of the Cross-straits, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Futao Guo
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Co-innovation Center for Soil and Water Conservation in the Red Soil Region of the Cross-straits, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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13
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Wang Y, Li Y, Hu A, Rashid A, Ashfaq M, Wang Y, Wang H, Luo H, Yu CP, Sun Q. Monitoring, mass balance and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in seven wastewater treatment plants in Xiamen City, China. J Hazard Mater 2018; 354:81-90. [PMID: 29729602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) was investigated in seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Xiamen City, China. Special emphasis was placed on their co-occurrence and the mass balances of both dissolved and adsorbed PPCPs in influent, effluent, and sludge samples. Results showed that PPCPs were widely detected and their co-occurrence was observed both in the wastewater and sludge that can be attributed to either their similar usage or similar physicochemical properties. These results further emphasize that some specific PPCPs have the potential as indicators or surrogate compounds to reduce the number of targeted PPCPs. The occurrence and distribution of PPCPs also showed strong spatial variations, as the PPCP mass loads per inhabitant were positively correlated with the urbanization levels. Both the removal efficiencies of dissolved PPCPs from the aqueous phase and mass loss proportion of the total PPCPs were evaluated and compared. Overall, a measured total amount of 8500 g PPCPs entered the seven WWTPs daily via influent with 6640 g in the dissolved form, while 3450 g left the WWTPs. The large mass loads of antibiotics in the sludge and effluents indicated their potential adverse effects to the receiving environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Anyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Azhar Rashid
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Tarnab, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Yinhan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Houqiao Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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