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Wang W, Zhang C, Xiong M, Jiang L, Fang Z, Zhou H, Shao Y. WAVE3 Facilitates the Tumorigenesis and Metastasis of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma via EMT. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04764-8. [PMID: 37947948 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin-homologous domain-containing protein 3 (WAVE3) is reported as an oncogene regulating cell proliferation and motility in multiple malignancies, while its role in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the expression and mechanism of WAVE3 in TSCC. We enrolled 64 TSCC patients admitted between June 2013 and February 2014 and collected their cancerous and adjacent normal tissues to determine WAVE3 expression by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of WAVE3 expression with TSCC patients' pathological characteristics was analyzed. Then, a 7-year follow-up was conducted to observe the value of WAVE3 in evaluating patient outcomes. In addition, human TSCC SCC9, SCC25, and CAL27 cells were purchased and detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell, and scratch-wound assays for their proliferation, invasion, and migration capacities, while real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were utilized to quantify WAVE3 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related protein expression, respectively. The most active cell lines were selected to be infected with lentiviral vectors that silenced WAVE3 (named WAVE3-sh group) and overexpressed WAVE3 cDNA (named WAVE3-OE group) to observe the impacts of interfering WAVE3 expression on TSCC cell biological behavior. The positive expression of WAVE3 in TSCC tissue was found to be obviously enhanced and predominantly located in the cytoplasm. In addition, close correlations were identified between WAVE3 and T staging, clinical staging, lymphatic metastasis, distant metastasis, and differentiation degree (P < 0.05). Increased WAVE3 expression predicted an elevated risk of death, as indicated by the follow-up analysis (P < 0.05). SCC9 was selected for subsequent experiments among various TSCC cell lines studied because it showed the most potent ability to proliferate, invade, and migrate (P < 0.05). Silencing WAVE3 expression in SCC9 cells decreased cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT-related protein expression (P < 0.05), while increasing WAVE3 expression promoted SCC9 viability. WAVE3, which was highly expressed in TSCC, promoted EMT in tumor cells and accelerated their proliferation, invasion, and migration, which might provide a new theoretical basis for molecular targeted therapy of TSCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chenwei Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meihua Xiong
- Department of ENT, Jiangxi Province of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiyi Fang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hanjian Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yisen Shao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Lugassy C, Kleinman HK, Barnhill RL. Monitoring Angiotropic Extravascular Migratory Metastasis In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2572:91-100. [PMID: 36161410 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2703-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of cancer cell migration from the primary tumor toward secondary sites is not fully understood. In addition to intravascular cellular migration, angiotropic extravascular migratory metastasis (EVMM) has been recognized as a metastatic pathway involving tumor cells crawling along the abluminal vascular surface to distant sites. A very simple in vitro 3D assay is described here, which is based on a previous in vitro angiogenesis assay. The assay involves monitoring single fluorescence-tagged migrating cancer cells in the presence of vascular structures in real time. This coculture assay represents a quantitative approach for monitoring the migration processes of cancer cells along vessels, demonstrating phenotypic switching and migration dynamics. This protocol can be used for molecular analyses and can also be adapted for screening of therapeutic agents to block cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lugassy
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
| | - Hynda K Kleinman
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Raymond L Barnhill
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Réné Descartes, Paris, France
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Gu H, Peng Y, Chen Y. An Emerging Therapeutic Approach by Targeting Myoferlin (MYOF) for Malignant Tumors. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1509-1515. [PMID: 32552653 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200618123436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myoferlin (MYOF), as a member of the ferlin family, is a type II transmembrane protein with a single transmembrane domain at the carbon terminus. Studies have shown that MYOF is involved in pivotal physiological functions related to numerous cell membranes, such as extracellular secretion, endocytosis cycle, vesicle trafficking, membrane repair, membrane receptor recycling, and secreted protein efflux. Recently, the studies have also revealed that MYOF is overexpressed in a variety of cancers such as colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, gastric cancer, and non-small-cell lung cancer. High expression of MYOF is associated with the high invasion of tumors and poor clinical prognosis. MYOF medicates the expression, secretion, and distribution of proteins, which were closely related to cancers, as well as the energy utilization of cancer cells, lipid metabolism and other physiological activities by regulating the physiological processes of membrane transport. In this short article, we briefly summarize the latest progress related to MYOF, indicating that small molecule inhibitors targeting the MYOF-C2D domain can selectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of cancer cells, and MYOF may be a promising target for the treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yangrui Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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Cui S, Lin H, Cui Y, Wen W, Cui X, Shen C, Mo H, Yang L, Bai S, Shi Y, Zhang R. Depression promotes lung carcinoma progression by regulating the tumor microenvironment in tumor-bearing models of C57BL/6J mice. Neurosci Lett 2021; 754:135851. [PMID: 33781910 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Psychological stress is a common etiology among patients with lung cancer and serves as a potential indication of poor prognosis and advanced cancer clinical stage. Evidence indicates that depression is positively correlated with the evolvement of lung carcinoma. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the effects of mental disorder on lung cancer have not been considerably and systemically explored. We hypothesized that mental disorder may affect the adjustment of the tumor microenvironment and immune cells. We used the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure to induce depressed mice models and established tumor-bearing models of C57BL/6 J mice. Results revealed that the worsening of lung cancer was notably hastened in the CUMS + tumor group. Notably, the expression of PD-L1 in tumor issues increased in the tumor microenvironment, accompanied with a decline in the levels of CD8. On the basis of the date of tumor migration, our results indicated that MMPs and VEGF significantly increased after CUMS + tumor treatment. Thus, we demonstrated that modulation of the tumor microenvironment is pivotal for depression-promoted lung cancer migration.
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Kollitsch L, Hamann C, Knüpfer S, Meyer D, Kneissl P, Jüttner E, Osmonov D. [Symptomatic testicular metastasis of acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate]. Urologe A 2020; 59:1092-1094. [PMID: 32248276 PMCID: PMC8460512 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-020-01194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report about the rare occurrence of symptomatic testicular metastasis of an acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Testicular metastases are usually incidentally detected in patients treated with bilateral orchiectomy or more often during autopsy. In the literature, there are only a few clinical cases describing symptomatic testicular metastases. However, the possibility of such metastases should be considered in patients diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer. Testicular examination should be performed regularly, even in patients with low prostate-specific antigen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kollitsch
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland.
| | - C Hamann
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - S Knüpfer
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - D Meyer
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - P Kneissl
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - E Jüttner
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - D Osmonov
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
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Wang Y, Duan M, Zhao L, Ma P. Guajadial inhibits NSCLC growth and migration following activation of the VEGF receptor-2. Fitoterapia 2018; 129:73-77. [PMID: 29928966 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Guajadial, one of natural dialdehyde meroterpenoids, demonstrated significant antineoplasmic activity. The present research was to investigate the inhibitory effects of guajadial by using two NSCLC cells (A549 and H1650) proliferation and migration. Western blotting was employed to explore the underlying mechanisms of VEGF receptor (VEGFR)2-mediated. This research indicated that guajadial not only inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and migration but also suppress tumor growth in human NSCLC xenograft mouse models. It is also suggested that guajadial inhibited A549 proliferation via blocking the Ras/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, No. 17 Jiankang Road, 276400 Linyi, China.
| | - Meiling Duan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, No. 17 Jiankang Road, 276400 Linyi, China
| | - Lijiang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, No. 17 Jiankang Road, 276400 Linyi, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, No. 17 Jiankang Road, 276400 Linyi, China
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Ohkuri T, Kosaka A, Ishibashi K, Kumai T, Hirata Y, Ohara K, Nagato T, Oikawa K, Aoki N, Harabuchi Y, Celis E, Kobayashi H. Intratumoral administration of cGAMP transiently accumulates potent macrophages for anti-tumor immunity at a mouse tumor site. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:705-716. [PMID: 28243692 PMCID: PMC11028681 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-1975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) spontaneously contributes to anti-tumor immunity by inducing type I interferons (IFNs) following sensing of tumor-derived genomic DNAs in the tumor-bearing host. Although direct injection of STING ligands such as cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) and cyclic [G(2',5')pA(3',5')p] (cGAMP) into the tumor microenvironment exerts anti-tumor effects through strong induction of type I IFNs and activation of innate and adaptive immunity, the precise events caused by STING in the tumor microenvironment remain to be elucidated. We describe here our finding that a CD45+ CD11bmid Ly6C+ cell subset transiently accumulated in mouse tumor microenvironment of 4T1 breast cancer, squamous cell carcinomas, CT26 colon cancer, or B16F10 melanoma tissue after intratumoral injection of cGAMP. The accumulated cells displayed a macrophage (M ) phenotype since the cells were positive for F4/80 and MHC class II and negative for Ly6G. Intratumoral cGAMP treatment did not induce Mφ accumulation in STING-deficient mice. Depletion of CD8+ T cell using anti-CD8 mAb impaired the anti-tumor effects of cGAMP treatment. Depletion of the Mφ using clodronate liposomes impaired the anti-tumor effects of cGAMP treatment. Functional analysis indicated that the STING-triggered tumor-migrating Mφ exhibited phagocytic activity, production of tumor necrosis factor alpha TNFα), and high expression levels of T cell-recruiting chemokines, Cxcl10 and Cxcl11, IFN-induced molecules, MX dynamin-like GTPase 1 (Mx1) and 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-like 1 (Oasl1), nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2), and interferon beta 1 (Ifnb1). These results indicate that the STING-triggered tumor-migrating Mφ participate in the anti-tumor effects of STING-activating compounds.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/prevention & control
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Female
- Immunotherapy
- Injections, Intralesional
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nucleotides, Cyclic/administration & dosage
- Nucleotides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Phagocytosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ohkuri
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Akemi Kosaka
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Respiratory and Breast Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takumi Kumai
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Augusta University GRU Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yui Hirata
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kenzo Ohara
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nagato
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kensuke Oikawa
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Naoko Aoki
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Esteban Celis
- Cancer Immunology, Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Augusta University GRU Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hiroya Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan.
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Jeon SY, Hwang KA, Choi KC. Effect of steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone, on epithelial mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer development. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 158:1-8. [PMID: 26873134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the primary female sex steroid hormones, estrogens and progesterone play important roles to regulate growth, differentiation, and function of a broad range of target tissues in the human body and maintain the function of female reproductive tissues. Ovarian cancer is the most cause of cancer death in gynecological malignancy. Despite enormous outcomes in the understanding of ovarian cancer pathology, this disease has resulted in poor survival rates since most patients are asymptomatic until the disease has been metastasized. The exact molecular events leading to metastasis of ovarian tumor cells have not yet been well elucidated, although it is recognized that the acquisition of capacity for migration and invasiveness would be a necessary prerequisite. During metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process, in which epithelial cells lose their intracellular adhesion and cell polarity and acquire increased motility and invasive properties to become mesenchymal like cells. The process of cancer cells to undergo EMT is regulated through the up- and down- regulation of a multiple cellular markers and signaling proteins. In this review, we focused the roles of women sex steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone, in ovarian cancer, especially the ovarian cancer undergoing EMT and metastatic process. All things considered, we may suggest that progesterone is a potent hormone which inhibits the growth of human ovarian cancer cells and development to metastasis whereas estrogen may act as a risk factor of ovarian cancer progression and that progesterone therapy may be an alternative clinically effective tool for the treatment of human ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ye Jeon
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Linder M, Tschernig T. Vasculogenic mimicry: Possible role of effector caspase-3, caspase-6 and caspase-7. Ann Anat 2015; 204:114-7. [PMID: 26704356 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) describes the process by which aggressive cancer cells form extracellular matrix-rich, vessel-like mesh works, which supply nutrients and oxygen. Furthermore, it offers a new route for tumor cell invasion and metastasis and thus a correspondingly poor prognosis and survival rate for affected patients. Effector caspases are well known for their apoptotic function, whereas a non-apoptotic function in tumor progression is highly disputed. Caspase-3, -6 and -7 are expressed in aggressive tumor cells in a non-mutated form, indicating an active function independent of apoptosis. This review summarizes the possible functions of the above-mentioned caspases in VM. We also discuss the possible involvement of caspases in potential mechanisms towards the formation of vessel-like structures. Furthermore, this review illustrates the importance of new studies in the ongoing investigation into the role of effector caspases in VM, invasion, and migration of aggressive tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Linder
- Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
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Guan J, Zhang H, Wen Z, Gu Y, Cheng Y, Sun Y, Zhang T, Jia C, Lu Z, Chen J. Retinoic acid inhibits pancreatic cancer cell migration and EMT through the downregulation of IL-6 in cancer associated fibroblast cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 345:132-9. [PMID: 24334138 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a small molecular derivative of vitamin A that is stored in quiescent stellate cells in pancreas stroma. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are activated fibroblast cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment. We treated CAFs with RA and found that these cells became static due to the low expression of α-SMA, FAP, and IL-6 and decreased production of extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, we verified that the low secretion of IL-6 from CAFs was related to RA-induced inhibition of migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. However, RA could not inhibit the migration and EMT of tumor cells directly. Therefore, our study showed that one of the therapeutic effects of RA on tumor cells is through its modulation of CAFs in tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in promoting tumor migration and might be a promising target of biological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guan
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Zhang Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yumei Gu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yin Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Congwei Jia
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Lu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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11
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Ishiwata T, Matsuda Y, Naito Z. Nestin in gastrointestinal and other cancers: Effects on cells and tumor angiogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:409-18. [PMID: 21274370 PMCID: PMC3027007 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i4.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nestin is a class VI intermediate filament protein that was originally described as a neuronal stem cell marker during central nervous system (CNS) development, and is currently widely used in that capacity. Nestin is also expressed in non-neuronal immature or progenitor cells in normal tissues. Under pathological conditions, nestin is expressed in repair processes in the CNS, muscle, liver, and infarcted myocardium. Furthermore, increased nestin expression has been reported in various tumor cells, including CNS tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, malignant melanoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberances, and thyroid tumors. Nestin is reported to correlate with aggressive growth, metastasis, and poor prognosis in some tumors; however, the roles of nestin in cancer cells have not been well characterized. Furthermore, nestin is more specifically expressed in proliferating small-sized tumor vessels in glioblastoma and gastric, colorectal, and prostate cancers than are other tumor vessel markers. These findings indicate that nestin may be a marker for newly synthesized tumor vessels and a therapeutic target for tumor angiogenesis. It has received a lot of attention recently as a cancer stem cell marker in various cancer cells including brain tumors, malignant rhabdoid tumors, and uterine, cervical, prostate, bladder, head and neck, ovarian, testicular, and pancreatic cancers. The purpose of this review is to clarify the roles of nestin in cancer cells and in tumor angiogenesis, and to examine the association between nestin and cancer stem cells. Nestin has the potential to serve as a molecular target for cancers with nestin-positive cancer cells and nestin-positive tumor vasculature.
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