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Prater MC, Scheurell AR, Paton CM, Cooper JA. Eight weeks of daily cottonseed oil intake attenuates postprandial angiopoietin-like proteins 3 and 4 responses compared to olive oil in adults with hypercholesterolemia: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Nutr Res 2024; 123:88-100. [PMID: 38295507 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) -3, -4, and -8 are regulators of lipid metabolism and have been shown to respond to changes in dietary fats. It is unknown how ANGPTLs respond to cottonseed oil (CSO) and olive oil (OO) consumption in a population with hypercholesterolemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of CSO vs. OO consumption on fasting and postprandial ANGPTL responses in adults with hypercholesterolemia. We hypothesized that CSO would have lower fasting and postprandial ANGPTL responses compared with OO. Forty-two adults with high cholesterol completed a single-blind, randomized trial comparing CSO (n = 21) vs. OO (n = 21) diet enrichment. An 8-week partial outpatient feeding intervention provided ∼60% of the volunteers' total energy expenditure (∼30% of total energy expenditure as CSO or OO). The remaining 40% was not controlled. Fasting blood draws were taken at pre-, mid-, and postintervention visits. Volunteers consumed a high saturated fat meal followed by 5 hours of blood draws pre- and postvisits. Fasting ANGPTL3 had a marginally significant treatment by visit interaction (P = .06) showing an increase from pre- to postintervention in CSO vs. OO (CSO: 385.1 ± 27.7 to 440.3 ± 33.9 ng/mL; OO: 468.2 ± 38.3 to 449.2 ± 49.5 ng/mL). Both postprandial ANGPTL3 (P = .02) and ANGPTL4 (P < .01) had treatment by visit interactions suggesting increases from pre- to postintervention in OO vs. CSO with no differences between groups in ANGPTL8. These data show a worsening (increase) of postprandial ANGPTLs after the OO, but not CSO, intervention. This aligns with previously reported data in which postprandial triglycerides were protected from increases compared with OO. ANGPTLs may mediate protective effects of CSO consumption on lipid control. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04397055).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catherine Prater
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Alex R Scheurell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chad M Paton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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2
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Arita-Merino N, Yener S, van Valenberg HJF, Dijkstra J, van Gastelen S, Scholten E, Tzompa-Sosa DA. Linseed oil supplementation and DGAT1 K232A polymorphism affect the triacylglycerol composition and crystallization of milk fat. Food Chem 2023; 407:135112. [PMID: 36493479 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of dietary linseed oil (LSO) supplementation and DGAT1 K232A (DGAT1) polymorphism on the triacylglycerol composition and crystallization of bovine milk fat. LSO supplementation increased unsaturated triacylglycerols, notably in the C52-C54 carbon range, while reducing the saturated C29-C49 triacylglycerols. These changes were associated with an increase in the low-melting fraction and the crystal lamellar thickness, as well as a reduction in the medium and high-melting fractions and the formation of the most abundant crystal type at 20 °C (β'-2 polymorph). Furthermore, DGAT1 KK was associated with higher levels of odd-chain saturated triacylglycerols than DGAT1 AA, and it was also associated with an increase in the high-melting fraction and the endset melting temperature. An interaction between diet and DGAT1 for the unsaturated C54 triacylglycerols accentuated the effects of LSO supplementation with DGAT1 AA. These findings show that genetic polymorphism and cows' diet can have considerable effects on milk fat properties.
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3
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Fernández-Felipe J, Sanz-Martos AB, Marcos A, Lorenzo MP, Cano V, Merino B, Ambrosio E, Del Olmo N, Ruiz-Gayo M. Saturated and unsaturated triglyceride-enriched diets modify amino acid content in the mice hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2023; 793:136972. [PMID: 36414132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elevated intake of fat modulates l-glutamate (l-Glu) turnover within the hippocampus (HIP). Our aim has been to investigate the effect of saturated vs unsaturated fat on the content of l-Glu and other amino acids involved in synaptic transmission within the HIP. The study was carried out in male mice fed (2 h or 8 weeks) with standard chow or with diets enriched either with saturated (SOLF) or unsaturated triglycerides (UOLF). An in vitro assay was performed in HIP slices incubated with palmitic (PA), oleic (OA), or lauric acid (LA). Amino acids were quantified by capillary electrophoresis. While both diets increased the amount of l-Glu and l-aspartate and decreased l-glutamine levels, only UOLF affected d-serine and taurine levels. γ-Aminobutyric acid was specifically decreased by SOLF. In vitro assays revealed that PA and OA modified l-Glu, glycine, l-serine and d-serine concentration. Our results suggest that fatty acids contained in SOLF and UOLF have an impact on HIP amino acid turnover that may account, at least partially, for the functional changes evoked by these diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Fernández-Felipe
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz-Martos
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Marcos
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - María P Lorenzo
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cano
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ambrosio
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Del Olmo
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Department of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.
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Jian C, Luukkonen P, Sädevirta S, Yki-Järvinen H, Salonen A. Impact of short-term overfeeding of saturated or unsaturated fat or sugars on the gut microbiota in relation to liver fat in obese and overweight adults. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:207-216. [PMID: 32536582 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS & AIMS Intestinal microbiota may be causally involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to study the effect of short-term overfeeding on human gut microbiota in relation to baseline and overfeeding-induced liver steatosis. We also asked whether the baseline microbiota composition is associated to the overfeeding-induced increase in liver fat. METHODS In a randomized trial, 38 overweight and obese subjects were assigned to consume an excess of 1000 kcal/day of diets rich in either saturated fat, unsaturated fat, or simple sugars for 3 weeks. Fasting blood samples and 1H-MR spectroscopy were used for extensive clinical phenotyping as previously reported (PMID: 29844096). Fecal samples were collected for the analysis of the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, imputed metagenomics and qPCR. Microbiota results were correlated with dietary intakes and clinical measurements before and during overfeeding. RESULTS The overall community structure of the microbiota remained highly stable and personalized during overfeeding based on between-sample Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, but the relative abundances of individual taxa were altered in a diet-specific manner: overfeeding saturated fat increased Proteobacteria, while unsaturated fat increased butyrate producers. Sugar overfeeding increased Lactococcus and Escherichia coli. Imputed functions of the gut microbiota were not affected by overfeeding. Several taxa affected by overfeeding significantly correlated with the changes in host metabolic markers. The baseline levels of proteobacterial family Desulfovibrionaceae, and especially genus Bilophila, were significantly associated to overfeeding-induced liver fat increase independently of the diet arm. In general, limited overlap was observed between the overfeeding-induced microbiota changes and the liver fat-associated microbiota features at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Our work indicates that the human gut microbiota is resilient to short-term overfeeding on community level, but specific taxa are altered on diet composition-dependent manner. Generalizable microbiota signatures directly associated with liver steatosis could not be identified. Instead, the carriage of Bilophila was identified as a potential novel risk factor for diet-induced liver steatosis in humans. Clinical trial registry number: NCT02133144 listed on NIH website: ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Jian
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panu Luukkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanja Sädevirta
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Ferri J, Navarro I, Alabadí B, Bosch-Sierra N, Benito E, Civera M, Ascaso JF, Martinez-Hervas S, Real JT. Gender differences on oxidative stress markers and complement component C3 plasma values after an oral unsaturated fat load test. Clin Investig Arterioscler 2020; 32:87-93. [PMID: 32291193 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-prandial lipaemia (PL), oxidative stress (OS), and complement component C3 (C3) values are related to the atherosclerosis process. The post-prandial response of C3 after an oral fat load test (OFLT) using unsaturated fat is poorly addressed. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the post-prandial response of OS markers and C3 values in men and women after an OFLT using unsaturated fat. METHODS The study included a total of 22 healthy subjects with normal lipids and normal blood glucose (11 men and 11 pre-menopausal women). An oral unsaturated fat load test (OFLT: 50g fat per m2 body surface) was performed using a commercial liquid preparation of long chain triglycerides (Supracal®). OS markers and C3 were measured using standardized methods at fasting state and every 2h up to 8h after the OFLT. RESULTS Men showed statistically significant higher C3, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and oxidized-reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio values at fasting state compared to that obtained in women. In addition, post-prandial C3 values and GSSG/GSH ratios were significantly higher in men compared to women. The GSSG value and GSSG/GSH ratio significantly decreased in men after the OFLT compared to fasting values. In contrast, the post-prandial OS markers decrease observed in women was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS In fasting state, men showed higher statistically significant C3 values and OS markers than women. The post-prandial OS markers (GSSG and GSSG/GSH ratio) significantly decrease after the OFLT with unsaturated fat in men compared to women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ferri
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Navarro
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Blanca Alabadí
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Neus Bosch-Sierra
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Benito
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Civera
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Ascaso
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Martinez-Hervas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose T Real
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research of the Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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6
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Abstract
Dietary fats have important effects on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Abundant evidence shows that partial replacement of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) with unsaturated fatty acids improves the blood lipid and lipoprotein profile and reduces the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Low-fat diets high in refined carbohydrates and sugar are not effective. Very long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 or omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 VLCPUFA) present in fish have multiple beneficial metabolic effects, and regular intake of fatty fish is associated with lower risks of fatal CHD and stroke. Food-based guidelines on dietary fats recommend limiting the consumption of animal fats high in SAFA, using vegetable oils high in monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and eating fatty fish. These recommendations are part of a healthy eating pattern that also includes ample intake of plant-based foods rich in fiber and limited sugar and salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Zock
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wendy A M Blom
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce A Nettleton
- Member of the IUNS-associated International Expert Movement to Improve Dietary Fat Quality, ScienceVoice Consulting, 2931 Race Street, Denver, CO, 80205, USA
| | - Gerard Hornstra
- Member of the IUNS-associated International Expert Movement to Improve Dietary Fat Quality, Maastricht University, Brikkenoven 14, 6247 BG, Gronsveld, Netherlands
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7
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Anders LC, Yeo H, Kaelin BR, Lang AL, Bushau AM, Douglas AN, Cave M, Arteel GE, McClain CJ, Beier JI. Role of dietary fatty acids in liver injury caused by vinyl chloride metabolites in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 311:34-41. [PMID: 27693805 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vinyl chloride (VC) causes toxicant-associated steatohepatitis at high exposure levels. Recent work by this group suggests that underlying liver disease may predispose the liver to VC hepatotoxicity at lower exposure levels. The most common form of underlying liver disease in the developed world is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is well-known that the type of dietary fat can play an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. However, whether the combination of dietary fat and VC/metabolites promotes liver injury has not been studied. METHODS Mice were administered chloroethanol (CE - a VC metabolite) or vehicle once, 10weeks after being fed diets rich in saturated fatty acids (HSFA), rich in poly-unsaturated fatty acids (HPUFA), or the respective low-fat control diets (LSFA; LPUFA). RESULTS In control mice, chloroethanol caused no detectable liver injury, as determined by plasma transaminases and histologic indices of damage. In HSFA-fed mice, chloroethanol increased HSFA-induced liver damage, steatosis, infiltrating inflammatory cells, hepatic expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, markers of inflammasome activation were increased, while markers of inflammasome inhibition were downregulated. In mice fed HPUFA all of these effects were significantly attenuated. CONCLUSIONS Chloroethanol promotes inflammatory liver injury caused by dietary fatty acids. This effect is far more exacerbated with saturated fat, versus poly-unsaturated fat; and strongly correlates with a robust activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the saturated fed animals only. Taken together these data support the hypothesis that environmental toxicant exposure can exacerbate the severity of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne C Anders
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Heegook Yeo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Brenna R Kaelin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Anna L Lang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Adrienne M Bushau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Amanda N Douglas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Matt Cave
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Robley Rex Louisville VAMC, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
| | - Gavin E Arteel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Robley Rex Louisville VAMC, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
| | - Juliane I Beier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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8
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Abstract
Hydrogenation of fat products is used in the food industry to extend their shelf life. Trans fats are the result of partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fat. Trans fats increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Canadians have one of the highest dietary intake of trans fat in the world. Health Canada has made recommendations to decrease the trans fat intake of Canadians. Physicians should be able to provide their patients with information on trans fats and their deleterious effects on health.
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