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Hashio A, Hamano E, Ozaki S, Hatyakeyama K, Ikeda Y, Niwa A, Yamada N, Ikedo T, Yamada K, Imamura H, Mori H, Iihara K, Kataoka H. Pathological changes in the lenticulostriate artery indicate the mechanisms leading to intracranial hemorrhage in Moyamoya disease: a case report. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2024; 166:116. [PMID: 38421418 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-024-05992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This case report details the pathological findings of a vessel wall identified as the bleeding point for intracranial hemorrhage associated with Moyamoya disease. A 29-year-old woman experienced intracranial hemorrhage unrelated to hyperperfusion following superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery. A pseudoaneurysm on the lenticulostriate artery (LSA) was identified as the causative vessel and subsequently excised. Examination of the excised pseudoaneurysm revealed a fragment of the LSA, with a disrupted internal elastic lamina and media degeneration. These pathological findings in a perforating artery, akin to the circle of Willis, provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of hemorrhage in Moyamoya disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hashio
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Eika Hamano
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan.
| | - Saya Ozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Kinta Hatyakeyama
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Niwa
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Imamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Hisae Mori
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Koji Iihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Kataoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
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Kuyanova J, Dubovoi A, Fomichev A, Khelimskii D, Parshin D. Hemodynamics of vascular shunts: trends, challenges, and prospects. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1287-1301. [PMID: 37975016 PMCID: PMC10643646 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular bypass surgery takes a significant place in the treatment of vascular disease. According to various assessments, this type of surgery is associated with almost 20 % of all vascular surgery episodes (up to 23 % according to the Federal Neurosurgical Center of Novosibirsk). Even though the problem of using of vascular grafts is obvious and natural, many problems associated with them are not still elucidated. From the mechanics' point of view, a vascular bypass is a converging or diverging tee, and the functioning of such structures still does not have strict mathematical formulations and proofs in the general case, which forces many researchers to solve specific engineering problems associated with shunting. Mathematical modeling, which is the gold standard for virtual simulations of industrial and medical problems, faces great difficulties and limitations in solving problems for vascular bypasses. Complications in the treatment of the vascular disease may follow the difficulties in mathematical modeling, and the price can be a cardiac arrest or a stroke. This work is devoted to the main aspects of the medical application of vascular bypasses and their functioning as a mechanical system, as well the mathematical aspects of their possible setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kuyanova
- Department, Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS, Ac. Lavrentieva ave., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russian Federation
| | - Andrei Dubovoi
- Department, FSBI “Federal Neurosurgical Center”, Nemirovicha-Danchenko st., Novosibirsk, 630087 Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei Fomichev
- Department, Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Rechkunovskaya st., Novosibirsk, 610101 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii Khelimskii
- Department, Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Rechkunovskaya st., Novosibirsk, 610101 Russian Federation
| | - Daniil Parshin
- Department, Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS, Ac. Lavrentieva ave., Novosibirsk, 630090 Russian Federation
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Gama Sosa MA, De Gasperi R, Pryor D, Perez Garcia GS, Perez GM, Abutarboush R, Kawoos U, Hogg S, Ache B, Sowa A, Tetreault T, Varghese M, Cook DG, Zhu CW, Tappan SJ, Janssen WGM, Hof PR, Ahlers ST, Elder GA. Late chronic local inflammation, synaptic alterations, vascular remodeling and arteriovenous malformations in the brains of male rats exposed to repetitive low-level blast overpressures. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:81. [PMID: 37173747 PMCID: PMC10176873 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of military operations in modern war theaters, blast exposures are associated with the development of a variety of mental health disorders associated with a post-traumatic stress disorder-related features, including anxiety, impulsivity, insomnia, suicidality, depression, and cognitive decline. Several lines of evidence indicate that acute and chronic cerebral vascular alterations are involved in the development of these blast-induced neuropsychiatric changes. In the present study, we investigated late occurring neuropathological events associated with cerebrovascular alterations in a rat model of repetitive low-level blast-exposures (3 × 74.5 kPa). The observed events included hippocampal hypoperfusion associated with late-onset inflammation, vascular extracellular matrix degeneration, synaptic structural changes and neuronal loss. We also demonstrate that arteriovenous malformations in exposed animals are a direct consequence of blast-induced tissue tears. Overall, our results further identify the cerebral vasculature as a main target for blast-induced damage and support the urgent need to develop early therapeutic approaches for the prevention of blast-induced late-onset neurovascular degenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Gama Sosa
- General Medical Research Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Rita De Gasperi
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Dylan Pryor
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Georgina S Perez Garcia
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gissel M Perez
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Rania Abutarboush
- Department of Neurotrauma, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Usmah Kawoos
- Department of Neurotrauma, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seth Hogg
- Micro Photonics, Inc, 1550 Pond Road, Suite 110, Allentown, PA, 18104, USA
| | - Benjamin Ache
- Micro Photonics, Inc, 1550 Pond Road, Suite 110, Allentown, PA, 18104, USA
| | - Allison Sowa
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Merina Varghese
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - David G Cook
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Carolyn W Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Susan J Tappan
- MBF Bioscience LLC, 185 Allen Brook Lane, Williston, VT, 05495, USA
| | - William G M Janssen
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Stephen T Ahlers
- Department of Neurotrauma, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Gregory A Elder
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Neurology Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
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Alarcón Yempén RE, Venzel R, Paulino Campos MC, de Oliveira LP, Lins RVD, Pessoni AM, Fanaro GB, de Oliveira Souza A, Calaza KDC, de Brito Alves JL, Cavalcanti-Neto MP. Gut microbiota: A potential therapeutic target for management of diabetic retinopathy? Life Sci 2021; 286:120060. [PMID: 34666038 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the main complications of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), drastically impacting individuals of working age over the years, being one of the main causes of blindness in the world. The existing therapies for its treatment consist of measures that aim only to alleviate the existing clinical signs, associated with the microvasculature. These treatments are limited only to the advanced stages and not to the preclinical ones. In response to a treatment with little resolution and limited for many patients with DM, investigations of alternative therapies that make possible the improvement of the glycemic parameters and the quality of life of subjects with DR, become extremely necessary. Recent evidence has shown that deregulation of the microbiota (dysbiosis) can lead to low-grade, local and systemic inflammation, directly impacting the development of DM and its microvascular complications, including DR, in an axis called the intestine-retina. In this regard, the present review seeks to comprehensively describe the biochemical pathways involved in DR as well as the association of the modulation of these mechanisms by the intestinal microbiota, since direct changes in the microbiota can have a drastic impact on various physiological processes. Finally, emphasize the strong potential for modulation of the gut-retina axis, as therapeutic and prophylactic target for the treatment of DR.
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Gama Sosa MA, De Gasperi R, Pryor D, Perez Garcia GS, Perez GM, Abutarboush R, Kawoos U, Hogg S, Ache B, Janssen WG, Sowa A, Tetreault T, Cook DG, Tappan SJ, Gandy S, Hof PR, Ahlers ST, Elder GA. Low-level blast exposure induces chronic vascular remodeling, perivascular astrocytic degeneration and vascular-associated neuroinflammation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:167. [PMID: 34654480 PMCID: PMC8518227 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vascular injury as a consequence of blast-induced traumatic brain injury is primarily the result of blast wave-induced mechanical disruptions within the neurovascular unit. In rodent models of blast-induced traumatic brain injury, chronic vascular degenerative processes are associated with the development of an age-dependent post-traumatic stress disorder-like phenotype. To investigate the evolution of blast-induced chronic vascular degenerative changes, Long-Evans rats were blast-exposed (3 × 74.5 kPa) and their brains analyzed at different times post-exposure by X-ray microcomputed tomography, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. On microcomputed tomography scans, regional cerebral vascular attenuation or occlusion was observed as early as 48 h post-blast, and cerebral vascular disorganization was visible at 6 weeks and more accentuated at 13 months post-blast. Progression of the late-onset pathology was characterized by detachment of the endothelial and smooth muscle cellular elements from the neuropil due to degeneration and loss of arteriolar perivascular astrocytes. Development of this pathology was associated with vascular remodeling and neuroinflammation as increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), collagen type IV loss, and microglial activation were observed in the affected vasculature. Blast-induced chronic alterations within the neurovascular unit should affect cerebral blood circulation, glymphatic flow and intramural periarterial drainage, all of which may contribute to development of the blast-induced behavioral phenotype. Our results also identify astrocytic degeneration as a potential target for the development of therapies to treat blast-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Gama Sosa
- General Medical Research Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Rita De Gasperi
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Dylan Pryor
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Georgina S Perez Garcia
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gissel M Perez
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
| | - Rania Abutarboush
- Department of Neurotrauma, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Usmah Kawoos
- Department of Neurotrauma, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seth Hogg
- Micro Photonics, Inc, 1550 Pond Road, Suite 110, Allentown, PA, 18104, USA
| | - Benjamin Ache
- Micro Photonics, Inc, 1550 Pond Road, Suite 110, Allentown, PA, 18104, USA
| | - William G Janssen
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Allison Sowa
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - David G Cook
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Susan J Tappan
- MBF Bioscience LLC, 185 Allen Brook Lane, Williston, VT, 05495, USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- NFL Neurological Care Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Stephen T Ahlers
- Department of Neurotrauma, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Gregory A Elder
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Neurology Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
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Pyun JM, Ryoo N, Park YH, Kim S. Fibrinogen Levels and Cognitive Profile Differences in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2021; 49:489-496. [PMID: 33142286 PMCID: PMC7949208 DOI: 10.1159/000510420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinogen is considered a marker of vascular pathology, indicating a weakened blood-brain barrier, and has a causative role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Little is known about the relationship between fibrinogen levels and cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aimed to investigate differences in cognitive profiles according to plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with MCI and the influence of plasma fibrinogen levels on cognitive decline. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 643 patients with MCI: 323 patients in the high fibrinogen (high fib) group and 320 patients in the low fibrinogen (low fib) group. A multiple linear regression model was performed to compare cognitive test performance between groups. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the hazard ratio of fibrinogen level for disease progression. RESULTS The high fib group demonstrated poorer performance in attention, executive function, and confrontation naming than the low fib group. After adjustment for APOE genotype, the high fib group was associated with poor attention and executive function. After adjustment for vascular risk factors including body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and smoking history, the high fib group showed declined attention and confrontation naming ability. High fibrinogen levels did not predict disease progression to CDR 1. CONCLUSION High plasma fibrinogen levels were associated with poor performance in attention in patients with MCI, regardless of APOE genotype or vascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Pyun
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea,
| | - Nayoung Ryoo
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
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Camilleri C, Buskmiller C, Sammut S. Pregnancy-induced long-term uterine vascular remodeling in the rat. Reprod Biol 2020; 21:100466. [PMID: 33279772 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the available research investigating uterine physiology during and immediately following pregnancy, including at the vascular and muscular levels, knowledge of the potential long-term timeline of such changes is limited. Thus, our study sought to investigate the potential long-term changes in uterine vasculature and horn length in the postpartum rat, following delivery and weaning. Female Long-Evans rats (n = 9-11 rats/group/timepoint) were divided into two groups: a pregnant group and an age-matched virgin control group. Rat weight, food consumption and vaginal impedance measurements were recorded throughout the experiment. Rats in the pregnant group were bred and pregnancy was confirmed using ultrasound imaging. The uterus and its vasculature were collected at various timepoints following weaning: 3 (week of weaning), 8-9 and 13 weeks postpartum, and at age-equivalent timepoints in the virgin group, and the diameters of the main uterine artery and vein, and lengths of the mesometrial segmental vessels (MSV) and uterine horns were recorded. The results indicated a significant difference between the previously-pregnant and virgin rats in both internal and external arterial diameters (but not arterial wall thickness), as well as the uterine horn length, 3 weeks postpartum, but not 8-9 and 13 weeks postpartum. Significant differences were observed in both venous diameter and MSV length at all timepoints measured. Placental scars were also observed in previously-pregnant rats at all timepoints measured. Our study highlights the long-term impact of pregnancy on the uterine vasculature and the necessity for consideration of such changes on subsequent pregnancies, as well as pregnancy-related vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Camilleri
- Department of Psychology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, 1235 University Blvd, Steubenville, OH, 43952, USA
| | - Cara Buskmiller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, Saint Louis University, 6420 Clayton Rd, Ste 240, St. Louis, MO, 63117, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin, Suite MSB3.262 Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Sammut
- Department of Psychology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, 1235 University Blvd, Steubenville, OH, 43952, USA.
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Samuel O O. Review on multifaceted involvement of perivascular adipose tissue in vascular pathology. Cardiovasc Pathol 2020; 49:107259. [PMID: 32692664 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a fat tissue deposit that encircles the vasculature. PVAT is traditionally known to protect the vasculature from external stimuli that could cause biological stress. In addition to the protective role of PVAT, it secretes certain biologically active substances known as adipokines that induce paracrine effects on proximate blood vessels. These adipokines influence vascular tones. There are different types of PVAT and they are phenotypically and functionally distinct. These are the white and brown PVATs. Under certain conditions, white PVAT could undergo phenotypic switch to attain a brown PVAT-like phenotype. This type of PVAT is referred to as Beige PVAT. The morphology of adipose tissue is influenced by species, age, and sex. These factors play significant roles in adipose tissue mass, functionality, paracrine activity, and predisposition to vascular diseases. The difficulty that is currently experienced in extrapolating animal models to human physiology could be traceable to these factors. Up till now, the involvement of PVAT in the development of vascular pathology is still not well understood. Brown and white PVAT contribute differently to vascular pathology. Thus, the PVAT could be a therapeutic target in curbing certain vascular diseases. In this review, knowledge would be updated on the multifaceted involvement of PVAT in vascular pathology and also explore its vascular therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olapoju Samuel O
- EA 7288, Biocommunication en Cardiometabolique (BC2M), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Barks A, Behbahani M, Alqadi MM, Sandozi J, Du X, McGuire LS, Alaraj A, Amin-Hanjani S, Charbel FT, Dashti R. A New Scoring System for Prediction of Underlying Vascular Pathology in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The Modified Secondary Intracerebral Hemorrhage Score. World Neurosurg 2020; 142:e126-e132. [PMID: 32593764 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) score is used to predict risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) associated vascular lesions. However, it has low clinical utility in identifying patients without need for neurovascular imaging. This study aims to develop a modified scoring system to capture patients with low risk of underlying vascular pathology, thereby decreasing need for vascular imaging and its associated morbidity. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 994 patients with atraumatic ICH over 8 years was conducted, excluding known underlying pathology, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or lack of vascular imaging. Using a multivariate logistic regression model, independent predictors of vascular pathology were identified and utilized toward developing a modified Secondary Intracerebral Hemorrhage (mSICH) score. RESULTS Of 575 patients identified, 60 (10.4%) had underlying vascular etiology. Statistically significant predictors of vascular pathology included age; female sex; admission systolic blood pressure <160 mm Hg; locations other than basal ganglia, thalamus, pons, or midbrain; presence of high-risk imaging features; and proximity to large vessel-containing cisterns. The mSICH score correlated with an increasing incidence of vascular pathology [0-1 (0%), 9 (4.3%), 12 (9.7%), 21 (40.4%), 6 (33.3%), 8 (88.9%), and 4 (100%)] and had a significantly higher number of patients receiving scores with 0% incidence of vascular lesions compared with the SICH score [159 (27.6%) versus 12 (2.1%); P < 0.001)]. CONCLUSIONS The mSICH score can more accurately predict risk of underlying vascular pathology of ICH and identify patients with lowest risk of vascular pathology. This may minimize the cost and associated risks of invasive cerebrovascular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Barks
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mandana Behbahani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Murad M Alqadi
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Junaid Sandozi
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xinjian Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura S McGuire
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ali Alaraj
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sepideh Amin-Hanjani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fady T Charbel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Reza Dashti
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Sergeys J, Van Hove I, Hu TT, Temps C, Carragher NO, Unciti-Broceta A, Feyen JHM, Moons L, Porcu M. The retinal tyrosine kinome of diabetic Akimba mice highlights potential for specific Src family kinase inhibition in retinal vascular disease. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108108. [PMID: 32590005 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although anti-VEGF therapies have radically changed clinical practice, there is still an urgent demand for novel, integrative approaches for sight-threatening retinal vascular diseases. As we hypothesize that protein tyrosine kinases are key signaling mediators in retinal vascular disease, we performed a comprehensive activity-based tyrosine kinome profiling on retinal tissue of 12-week-old Akimba mice, a translational model displaying hallmarks of early and advanced diabetic retinopathy. Western blotting was used to confirm retinal tyrosine kinase activity in Akimba mice. HUVEC tube formation and murine organotypic choroidal sprouting assays were applied to compare tyrosine kinase inhibitors with different specificity profiles. HUVEC toxicity and proliferation were evaluated using the CellTox™ Green Cytotoxicity and PrestoBlue™ Assays. Our results indicate a shift of the Akimba retinal tyrosine kinome towards a hyperactive state. Functional network analysis of significantly hyperphosphorylated peptides and upstream kinase prediction revealed a central role for Src-FAK family kinases. Western blotting confirmed hyperactivity of this signaling node in the retina of Akimba mice. We demonstrated that not only Src but also FAK family kinase inhibitors with different selectivity profiles were able to suppress angiogenesis in vitro and ex vivo. In the latter model, the novel selective Src family kinase inhibitor eCF506 was able to achieve potent reduction of angiogenesis, comparable to the less specific inhibitor Dasatinib. None of the tested compounds demonstrated acute endothelial cell toxicity. Overall, the collected findings provide the first comprehensive overview of retinal tyrosine kinome changes in the Akimba model of diabetic retinopathy and for the first time highlight Src family kinase inhibition using highly specific inhibitors as an attractive therapeutic intervention for retinal vascular pathology.
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Fiford CM, Sudre CH, Pemberton H, Walsh P, Manning E, Malone IB, Nicholas J, Bouvy WH, Carmichael OT, Biessels GJ, Cardoso MJ, Barnes J. Automated White Matter Hyperintensity Segmentation Using Bayesian Model Selection: Assessment and Correlations with Cognitive Change. Neuroinformatics 2020; 18:429-449. [PMID: 32062817 PMCID: PMC7338814 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-019-09439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Accurate, automated white matter hyperintensity (WMH) segmentations are needed for large-scale studies to understand contributions of WMH to neurological diseases. We evaluated Bayesian Model Selection (BaMoS), a hierarchical fully-unsupervised model selection framework for WMH segmentation. We compared BaMoS segmentations to semi-automated segmentations, and assessed whether they predicted longitudinal cognitive change in control, early Mild Cognitive Impairment (EMCI), late Mild Cognitive Impairment (LMCI), subjective/significant memory concern (SMC) and Alzheimer's (AD) participants. Data were downloaded from the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Magnetic resonance images from 30 control and 30 AD participants were selected to incorporate multiple scanners, and were semi-automatically segmented by 4 raters and BaMoS. Segmentations were assessed using volume correlation, Dice score, and other spatial metrics. Linear mixed-effect models were fitted to 180 control, 107 SMC, 320 EMCI, 171 LMCI and 151 AD participants separately in each group, with the outcomes being cognitive change (e.g. mini-mental state examination; MMSE), and BaMoS WMH, age, sex, race and education used as predictors. There was a high level of agreement between BaMoS' WMH segmentation volumes and a consensus of rater segmentations, with a median Dice score of 0.74 and correlation coefficient of 0.96. BaMoS WMH predicted cognitive change in: control, EMCI, and SMC groups using MMSE; LMCI using clinical dementia rating scale; and EMCI using Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (p < 0.05, all tests). BaMoS compares well to semi-automated segmentation, is robust to different WMH loads and scanners, and can generate volumes which predict decline. BaMoS can be applicable to further large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy M. Fiford
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Carole H. Sudre
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hugh Pemberton
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Phoebe Walsh
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Emily Manning
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ian B. Malone
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Willem H Bouvy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. Jorge Cardoso
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Josephine Barnes
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA
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12
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Moreno-Grau S, de Rojas I, Hernández I, Quintela I, Montrreal L, Alegret M, Hernández-Olasagarre B, Madrid L, González-Perez A, Maroñas O, Rosende-Roca M, Mauleón A, Vargas L, Lafuente A, Abdelnour C, Rodríguez-Gómez O, Gil S, Santos-Santos MÁ, Espinosa A, Ortega G, Sanabria Á, Pérez-Cordón A, Cañabate P, Moreno M, Preckler S, Ruiz S, Aguilera N, Pineda JA, Macías J, Alarcón-Martín E, Sotolongo-Grau O, Marquié M, Monté-Rubio G, Valero S, Benaque A, Clarimón J, Bullido MJ, García-Ribas G, Pástor P, Sánchez-Juan P, Álvarez V, Piñol-Ripoll G, García-Alberca JM, Royo JL, Franco E, Mir P, Calero M, Medina M, Rábano A, Ávila J, Antúnez C, Real LM, Orellana A, Carracedo Á, Sáez ME, Tárraga L, Boada M, Ruiz A. Genome-wide association analysis of dementia and its clinical endophenotypes reveal novel loci associated with Alzheimer's disease and three causality networks: The GR@ACE project. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:1333-1347. [PMID: 31473137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.4950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Large variability among Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases might impact genetic discoveries and complicate dissection of underlying biological pathways. METHODS Genome Research at Fundacio ACE (GR@ACE) is a genome-wide study of dementia and its clinical endophenotypes, defined based on AD's clinical certainty and vascular burden. We assessed the impact of known AD loci across endophenotypes to generate loci categories. We incorporated gene coexpression data and conducted pathway analysis per category. Finally, to evaluate the effect of heterogeneity in genetic studies, GR@ACE series were meta-analyzed with additional genome-wide association study data sets. RESULTS We classified known AD loci into three categories, which might reflect the disease clinical heterogeneity. Vascular processes were only detected as a causal mechanism in probable AD. The meta-analysis strategy revealed the ANKRD31-rs4704171 and NDUFAF6-rs10098778 and confirmed SCIMP-rs7225151 and CD33-rs3865444. DISCUSSION The regulation of vasculature is a prominent causal component of probable AD. GR@ACE meta-analysis revealed novel AD genetic signals, strongly driven by the presence of clinical heterogeneity in the AD series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Moreno-Grau
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Montrreal
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Alegret
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Hernández-Olasagarre
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Madrid
- CAEBI, Centro Andaluz de Estudios Bioinformáticos, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Olalla Maroñas
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maitée Rosende-Roca
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Mauleón
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liliana Vargas
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asunción Lafuente
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Abdelnour
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Octavio Rodríguez-Gómez
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Gil
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Santos-Santos
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Ortega
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Sanabria
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Pérez-Cordón
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Cañabate
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariola Moreno
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Preckler
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Aguilera
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Pineda
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Macías
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Emilio Alarcón-Martín
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Oscar Sotolongo-Grau
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Monté-Rubio
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Valero
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Benaque
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Bullido
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria "Hospital la Paz" (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pau Pástor
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, and Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Neurology Service 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Victoria Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Genética Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gerard Piñol-Ripoll
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unitat Trastorns Cognitius, Hospital Universitari Santa Maria de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomédica de Lleida (IRBLLeida), Lleida, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Royo
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Emilio Franco
- Unidad de Demencias, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Calero
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Medina
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; CIEN Foundation, Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Center, Madrid, Spain; BT-CIEN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Antúnez
- Unidad de Demencias, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Real
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN-PRB3-ISCIII). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica- CIBERER-IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Lluís Tárraga
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory clinic Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Foidl BM, Humpel C. Chronic treatment with five vascular risk factors causes cerebral amyloid angiopathy but no Alzheimer pathology in C57BL6 mice. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 78:52-64. [PMID: 30664922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder and the most common form of dementia coming along with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in more than 70% of all cases. However, CAA occurs also in pure form without AD pathology. Vascular life style risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, stress or an old age play an important role in the progression of CAA. So far, no animal model for sporadic CAA has been reported, thus the aim of the present study was to create and characterize a new mouse model for sporadic CAA by treatment with different vascular risk factors. Healthy C57BL6 mice were treated with lifestyle vascular risk factors for 35 or 56 weeks: lipopolysaccharide, social stress, streptozotozin, high cholesterol diet and copper in the drinking water. Four behavioral tests (black-white box, classical maze, cheeseboard maze and plus-maze discriminative avoidance task) showed impaired learning, memory and executive functions as well as anxiety with increased age. The treated animals exhibited increased plasma levels of cortisol, insulin, interleukin-1ß, glucose and cholesterol, confirming the effectiveness of the treatment. Confocal microscopy analysis displayed severe vessel damage already after 35 weeks of treatment. IgG positive staining points to a severe blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and furthermore, cerebral bleedings were observed in a much higher amount in the treatment group. Importantly, inclusions of beta-amyloid in the vessels indicated the development of CAA, but no deposition of beta-amyloid plaques and tau pathology in the brains were seen. Taken together, we characterized a novel sporadic CAA mouse model, which offers a strategy to study the progression of the disease and therapeutic and diagnostic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Foidl
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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14
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Póliska S, Besenyei T, Végh E, Hamar A, Pusztai A, Váncsa A, Bodnár N, Szamosi S, Csumita M, Kerekes G, Szabó Z, Nagy Z, Szűcs G, Szántó S, Zahuczky G, Nagy L, Szekanecz Z. Gene expression analysis of vascular pathophysiology related to anti-TNF treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:94. [PMID: 30987671 PMCID: PMC6466794 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impaired vascular pathophysiology and increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To date, no genomic analysis of RA- and RA treatment-related vascular pathophysiology has been published. In this pilot study, we performed gene expression profiling in association with vascular pathophysiology in RA patients. METHODS Sixteen and 19 biologic-naïve RA patients were included in study 1 and study 2, respectively. In study 1, genetic signatures determined by microarray were related to flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), pulse-wave velocity (PWV), and common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) of patients. In study 2, clinical response (cR) vs non-response (cNR) to 1-year etanercept (ETN) or certolizumab pegol (CZP) treatment, as well as "vascular" response (vR) vs non-response (vNR) to biologics, were also associated with genomic profiles. Multiple testing could not be performed due to the relatively small number of patients; therefore, our pilot study may lack power. RESULTS In study 1, multiple genes were up- or downregulated in patients with abnormal vs normal FMD, IMT, and PWV. In study 2, there were 13 cR and 6 cNR anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-treated patients. In addition, 10, 9, and 8 patients were FMD-20%, IMT-20%, and PWV-20% responders. Again, vascular responder status was associated with changes of the expression of various genes. The highest number of genes showing significant enrichment were involved in positive regulation of immune effector process, regulation of glucose transport, and Golgi vesicle budding. CONCLUSION Differential expression of multiple genetic profiles may be associated with vascular pathophysiology associated with RA. Moreover, distinct genetic signatures may also be associated with clinical and vascular responses to 1-year anti-TNF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilárd Póliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Sports Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Timea Besenyei
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Edit Végh
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Hamar
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Anita Pusztai
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Andrea Váncsa
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Nóra Bodnár
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Szamosi
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Mária Csumita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Sports Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Kerekes
- Department of Angiology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nagy
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szűcs
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Sándor Szántó
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,Department of Sports Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - László Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Nagyerdei str 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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15
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Wennberg AM, Whitwell JL, Tosakulwong N, Weigand SD, Murray ME, Machulda MM, Petrucelli L, Mielke MM, Jack CR, Knopman DS, Parisi JE, Petersen RC, Dickson DW, Josephs KA. The influence of tau, amyloid, alpha-synuclein, TDP-43, and vascular pathology in clinically normal elderly individuals. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 77:26-36. [PMID: 30776649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many individuals live to older ages without clinical impairment. It is unknown whether brain pathologies in these individuals are associated with subtle clinical deficits. We analyzed the brains of 161 clinically normal (Clinical Dementia Rating score = 0) older individuals enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Patient Registry or Study of Aging. We assessed for the presence and burden of beta-amyloid, tau, alpha-synuclein, TDP-43, and vascular pathology. We investigated whether pathologies were associated with antemortem cognitive and motor function, depression, MRI volumetric measures, or the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele. Eighty-six percent had at least 1 pathology, and 63% had mixed pathologies. Tau and vascular pathology were associated with poorer memory scores. Tau was also associated with poorer general cognition scores and smaller amygdala, hippocampi, and entorhinal cortex volumes. Beta-amyloid neuritic plaque burden was associated with greater depression scores. The presence of a greater number of pathologies was associated with APOE e4 carrier status and with poorer memory performance. Some dementia-related pathologies are associated with poorer performance in clinical measures and brain atrophy in the unimpaired elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephen D Weigand
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychology (Neuropsychiatry), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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16
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Gama Sosa MA, De Gasperi R, Perez Garcia GS, Perez GM, Searcy C, Vargas D, Spencer A, Janssen PL, Tschiffely AE, McCarron RM, Ache B, Manoharan R, Janssen WG, Tappan SJ, Hanson RW, Gandy S, Hof PR, Ahlers ST, Elder GA. Low-level blast exposure disrupts gliovascular and neurovascular connections and induces a chronic vascular pathology in rat brain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:6. [PMID: 30626447 PMCID: PMC6327415 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Much concern exists over the role of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the chronic cognitive and mental health problems that develop in veterans and active duty military personnel. The brain vasculature is particularly sensitive to blast injury. The aim of this study was to characterize the evolving molecular and histologic alterations in the neurovascular unit induced by three repetitive low-energy blast exposures (3 × 74.5 kPa) in a rat model mimicking human mild TBI or subclinical blast exposure. High-resolution two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of purified brain vascular fractions from blast-exposed animals 6 weeks post-exposure showed decreased levels of vascular-associated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and several neuronal intermediate filament proteins (α-internexin and the low, middle, and high molecular weight neurofilament subunits). Loss of these proteins suggested that blast exposure disrupts gliovascular and neurovascular interactions. Electron microscopy confirmed blast-induced effects on perivascular astrocytes including swelling and degeneration of astrocytic endfeet in the brain cortical vasculature. Because the astrocyte is a major sensor of neuronal activity and regulator of cerebral blood flow, structural disruption of gliovascular integrity within the neurovascular unit should impair cerebral autoregulation. Disrupted neurovascular connections to pial and parenchymal blood vessels might also affect brain circulation. Blast exposures also induced structural and functional alterations in the arterial smooth muscle layer. Interestingly, by 8 months after blast exposure, GFAP and neuronal intermediate filament expression had recovered to control levels in isolated brain vascular fractions. However, despite this recovery, a widespread vascular pathology was still apparent at 10 months after blast exposure histologically and on micro-computed tomography scanning. Thus, low-level blast exposure disrupts gliovascular and neurovascular connections while inducing a chronic vascular pathology.
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17
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Kapasi A, Leurgans SE, James BD, Boyle PA, Arvanitakis Z, Nag S, Bennett DA, Buchman AS, Schneider JA. Watershed microinfarct pathology and cognition in older persons. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 70:10-17. [PMID: 29935416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Brain microinfarcts are common in aging and are associated with cognitive impairment. Anterior and posterior watershed border zones lie at the territories of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries, and are more vulnerable to hypoperfusion than brain regions outside the watershed areas. However, little is known about microinfarcts in these regions and how they relate to cognition in aging. Participants from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a community-based clinical-pathologic study of aging, underwent detailed annual cognitive evaluations. We examined 356 consecutive autopsy cases (mean age-at-death, 91 years [SD = 6.16]; 28% men) for microinfarcts from 3 watershed brain regions (2 anterior and 1 posterior) and 8 brain regions outside the watershed regions. Linear regression models were used to examine the association of cortical watershed microinfarcts with cognition, including global cognition and 5 cognitive domains. Microinfarcts in any region were present in 133 (37%) participants, of which 50 had microinfarcts in watershed regions. Persons with multiple microinfarcts in cortical watershed regions had lower global cognition (estimate = -0.56, standard error (SE) = 0.26, p = 0.03) and lower cognitive function in the specific domains of working memory (estimate = -0.58, SE = 0.27, p = 0.03) and visuospatial abilities (estimate = -0.57, SE = 0.27, p = 0.03), even after controlling for microinfarcts in other brain regions, demographics, and age-related pathologies. Neither the presence nor multiplicity of microinfarcts in brain regions outside the cortical watershed regions were related to global cognition or any of the 5 cognitive domains. These findings suggest that multiple microinfarcts in watershed regions contribute to age-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alifiya Kapasi
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sue E Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bryan D James
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patricia A Boyle
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sukriti Nag
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Gutierrez J, Murray J, Chon C, Morgello S. Relationship between brain large artery characteristics and their downstream arterioles. J Neurovirol 2017; 24:106-112. [PMID: 29256040 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to test the hypothesis that brain large artery diameters relate to distal downstream arteriolar diameters. In a sample of 110 autopsied individuals (69% men, 76% HIV+, mean age 51), we used multilevel models to relate large artery lumen and lumen-to-wall ratio to left frontal lobe arteriolar lumen and lumen-to-wall ratio adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors. Comparing the large artery characteristics of the whole brain did not disclose significant associations with frontal lobe arteriolar characteristics. However, restricting the comparison to large arteries upstream of the studied arterioles demonstrated an independent association between left-sided frontal lobe arteriolar luminal diameter with large artery luminal diameters (B = 1.82 ± 0.77, P = 0.01) and with large artery lumen-to-wall ratio (B = 0.58 ± 0.29, P = 0.05). In stratified models, the point estimates in the HIV+ subsample were larger than in the HIV- subsample. These finding suggest coupling between higher proximal blood flow represented by large artery diameter and lower distal resistance represented by arteriolar dilatation. The relationship between arteriolar dilatation and brain parenchyma homeostasis should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th Street, 6th floor, Suite 639, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Jacinta Murray
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Christina Chon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Susan Morgello
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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19
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Dodge HH, Zhu J, Woltjer R, Nelson PT, Bennett DA, Cairns NJ, Fardo DW, Kaye JA, Lyons DE, Mattek N, Schneider JA, Silbert LC, Xiong C, Yu L, Schmitt FA, Kryscio RJ, Abner EL. Risk of incident clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease-type dementia attributable to pathology-confirmed vascular disease. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 13:613-623. [PMID: 28017827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of cerebrovascular pathology may increase the risk of clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS We examined excess risk of incident clinical diagnosis of AD (probable and possible AD) posed by the presence of lacunes and large infarcts beyond AD pathology using data from the Statistical Modeling of Aging and Risk of Transition study, a consortium of longitudinal cohort studies with more than 2000 autopsies. We created six mutually exclusive pathology patterns combining three levels of AD pathology (low, moderate, or high AD pathology) and two levels of vascular pathology (without lacunes and large infarcts or with lacunes and/or large infarcts). RESULTS The coexistence of lacunes and large infarcts results in higher likelihood of clinical diagnosis of AD only when AD pathology burden is low. DISCUSSION Our results reinforce the diagnostic importance of AD pathology in clinical AD. Further harmonization of assessment approaches for vascular pathologies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko H Dodge
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Jian Zhu
- School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Randy Woltjer
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR
| | - Deniz-Erten Lyons
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR
| | - Nora Mattek
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Lisa C Silbert
- Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; College of Medicine, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Richard J Kryscio
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Erin L Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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20
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Janelidze S, Hertze J, Nägga K, Nilsson K, Nilsson C, Wennström M, van Westen D, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Hansson O. Increased blood-brain barrier permeability is associated with dementia and diabetes but not amyloid pathology or APOE genotype. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 51:104-112. [PMID: 28061383 PMCID: PMC5754327 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction might be an important component of many neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we investigated its role in dementia using large clinical cohorts. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma albumin ratio (Qalb), an indicator of BBB (and blood-CSF barrier) permeability, was measured in a total of 1015 individuals. The ratio was increased in patients with Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies or Parkinson's disease dementia, subcortical vascular dementia, and frontotemporal dementia compared with controls. However, this measure was not changed during preclinical or prodromal Alzheimer's disease and was not associated with amyloid positron emission tomography or APOE genotype. The Qalb was increased in diabetes mellitus and correlated positively with CSF biomarkers of angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction (vascular endothelial growth factor, intracellular adhesion molecule 1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1). In healthy elderly, high body mass index and waist-hip ratio predicted increased Qalb 20 years later. In summary, BBB permeability is increased in major dementia disorders but does not relate to amyloid pathology or APOE genotype. Instead, BBB impairment may be associated with diabetes and brain microvascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Hertze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Katarina Nägga
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Nilsson
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christer Nilsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Malin Wennström
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Wallenberg Laboratory, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Danielle van Westen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diagnostic radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Imaging and Function, Skåne University Health Care, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inflammation and compromise in structure and function of cerebral parenchymal microvasculature begins early after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We recently found greater inflammation and greater vascular compromise in male than in female rats following SAH. In this study, we investigated whether this cross-sexual difference in pathology is reflected in expression levels of genes related to vascular inflammation and structural compromise. METHOD Age-matched male and female rats underwent sham surgery or SAH by endovascular perforation. Early physiology (intracranial pressure (ICP), blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and cerebral blood flow) was monitored. Cerebral RNA was extracted at sacrifice 3 h after surgery and assayed for expression of thrombomodulin (Thbd), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNos;Nos3), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (Icam1), vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), interleukin-1beta (Il1β) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf-α), and arginine vasopressin (Avp). RESULTS Increases in ICP and BP at SAH appeared slightly greater in males but the difference did not reach statistical difference, indicating that SAH intensity did not differ significantly between the sexes. Of the seven genes studied two; Tnf-α and Vegf, did not change after injury, while the remainder showed significant responses to SAH. Response of Nos3 and Thbd was markedly different between the sexes, with expression greater in males. CONCLUSION This study finds that sexual dimorphism is present in the response of some but not all genes to SAH. Since products of genes exhibiting sexual dimorphism have anti-inflammatory activities, our results indicate that previously found sex-based differences in vascular pathology are paralleled by sexually dimorphic changes in gene expression following SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Friedrich
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY, USA
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22
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Griffanti L, Zamboni G, Khan A, Li L, Bonifacio G, Sundaresan V, Schulz UG, Kuker W, Battaglini M, Rothwell PM, Jenkinson M. BIANCA (Brain Intensity AbNormality Classification Algorithm): A new tool for automated segmentation of white matter hyperintensities. Neuroimage 2016; 141:191-205. [PMID: 27402600 PMCID: PMC5035138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable quantification of white matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin (WMHs) is increasingly needed, given the presence of these MRI findings in patients with several neurological and vascular disorders, as well as in elderly healthy subjects. We present BIANCA (Brain Intensity AbNormality Classification Algorithm), a fully automated, supervised method for WMH detection, based on the k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) algorithm. Relative to previous k-NN based segmentation methods, BIANCA offers different options for weighting the spatial information, local spatial intensity averaging, and different options for the choice of the number and location of the training points. BIANCA is multimodal and highly flexible so that the user can adapt the tool to their protocol and specific needs. We optimised and validated BIANCA on two datasets with different MRI protocols and patient populations (a "predominantly neurodegenerative" and a "predominantly vascular" cohort). BIANCA was first optimised on a subset of images for each dataset in terms of overlap and volumetric agreement with a manually segmented WMH mask. The correlation between the volumes extracted with BIANCA (using the optimised set of options), the volumes extracted from the manual masks and visual ratings showed that BIANCA is a valid alternative to manual segmentation. The optimised set of options was then applied to the whole cohorts and the resulting WMH volume estimates showed good correlations with visual ratings and with age. Finally, we performed a reproducibility test, to evaluate the robustness of BIANCA, and compared BIANCA performance against existing methods. Our findings suggest that BIANCA, which will be freely available as part of the FSL package, is a reliable method for automated WMH segmentation in large cross-sectional cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Griffanti
- Centre for the Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Giovanna Zamboni
- Centre for the Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Aamira Khan
- Centre for the Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Linxin Li
- Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Guendalina Bonifacio
- Centre for the Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Vaanathi Sundaresan
- Centre for the Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Ursula G Schulz
- Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Wilhelm Kuker
- Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Marco Battaglini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Jenkinson
- Centre for the Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
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Adamczyk LA, Gordon K, Kholová I, Meijer-Jorna LB, Telinius N, Gallagher PJ, van der Wal AC, Baandrup U. Lymph vessels: the forgotten second circulation in health and disease. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:3-17. [PMID: 27173782 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic circulation is still a somewhat forgotten part of the circulatory system. Despite this, novel insights in lymph angiogenesis in health and disease, application of immune markers for lymphatic growth and differentiation and also the introduction of new imaging techniques to visualize the lymphatic circulation have improved our understanding of lymphatic function in both health and disease, especially in the last decade. These achievements yield better understanding of the various manifestations of lymph oedemas and malformations, and also the patterns of lymphovascular spread of cancers. Immune markers that recognize lymphatic endothelium antigens, such as podoplanin, LYVE-1 and Prox-1, can be successfully applied in diagnostic pathology and have revealed (at least partial) lymphatic differentiation in many types of vascular lesions.
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Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells residing in the vascular wall of post-natal vessels play a crucial role in angiogenesis and vascular regeneration after damage. There are four major populations of vascular-resident stem/progenitor cells with differentiated clonogenic and proliferative potential, namely mesenchymal stem cells, pericytes, endothelial progenitor cells, and smooth muscle progenitor cells. These progenitors reside in vascular stem cell niches, which are more likely to be in the adventitia, a vascular wall layer in which increased concentration of stem cell surface markers has been shown. Indeed, vascular resident progenitors are not uniformly distributed across the vessel wall and the circulatory system. The heterogeneity of such a distribution could contribute to the differentiated susceptibility of various vessel regions to chronic vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In cardiovascular pathology, adult vascular resident progenitors could play either a negative or a positive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V Bobryshev
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, 143025, Russia
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dimitry A Chistiakov
- The Mount Sinai Community Clinical Oncology Program, Mount Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA
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25
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Klein SK, Redfern WS. Cardiovascular safety risk assessment for new candidate drugs from functional and pathological data: Conference report. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 76:1-6. [PMID: 26126834 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This is a report on a 2-day joint meeting between the British Society of Toxicological Pathology (BSTP) and the Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) held in the UK in November 2013. Drug induced adverse effects on the cardiovascular system are associated with the attrition of more marketed and candidate drugs than any other safety issue. The objectives of this meeting were to foster inter-disciplinary approaches to address cardiovascular risk assessment, improve understanding of the respective disciplines, and increase awareness of new technologies. These aims were achieved. This well attended meeting covered both 'purely functional' cardiovascular adverse effects of drugs (e.g., electrophysiological and haemodynamic changes) as well as adverse effects encompassing both functional and pathological changes. Most of the presentations focused on nonclinical safety data, with information on translation to human where known. To reflect the content of the presentations we have cited key references and review articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Klein
- Drug Safety & Metabolism, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Will S Redfern
- Drug Safety & Metabolism, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom.
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26
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Alonso-Nanclares L, DeFelipe J. Alterations of the microvascular network in the sclerotic hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 38:48-52. [PMID: 24406303 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal sclerosis is the most frequent pathology encountered in resected tissue obtained from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. The main hallmarks of hippocampal sclerosis are neuronal loss and gliosis. Several authors have proposed that an increase in blood vessel density is a further indicator, based on interpretations from staining of markers related to both blood-brain barrier disruption and the formation of new blood vessels. However, previous studies performed in our laboratory using correlative light and electron microscopy revealed that many of these "blood vessels" are in fact atrophic vascular structures with a reduced or virtually absent lumen and are often filled with processes of reactive astrocytes. Thus, "normal" vasculature within the sclerotic CA1 field is drastically reduced. Since this decrease is consistently observed in the human sclerotic CA1, this feature can be considered another key pathological indicator of hippocampal sclerosis associated with temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Alonso-Nanclares
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Avda. Doctor Arce, 37, Madrid 28002, Spain; Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (Centro de Tecnología Biomédica), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo s/n, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Avda. Doctor Arce, 37, Madrid 28002, Spain; Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (Centro de Tecnología Biomédica), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo s/n, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
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Lin F, Lo RY, Cole D, Ducharme S, Chen DG, Mapstone M, Porsteinsson A. Longitudinal effects of metabolic syndrome on Alzheimer and vascular related brain pathology. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2014; 4:184-94. [PMID: 25337075 PMCID: PMC4187257 DOI: 10.1159/000363285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims This study examines the longitudinal effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on brain-aging indices among cognitively normal (CN) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) groups [single-domain aMCI (saMCI) and multiple-domain aMCI (maMCI)]. Methods The study population included 739 participants (CN = 226, saMCI = 275, and maMCI = 238) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, a clinic-based, multi-center prospective cohort. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to determine a MetS latent composite score using baseline data of vascular risk factors. We examined the changes of two Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, namely [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) regions of interest and medial temporal lobe volume over 5 years. A cerebrovascular aging index, cerebral white matter (cWM) volume, was examined as a comparison. Results The vascular risk was similar in all groups. Applying generalized estimating equation modeling, all brain-aging indices declined significantly over time. Higher MetS scores were associated with a faster decline of cWM in the CN and maMCI groups but with a slower decrement of regional glucose metabolism in FDG-PET in the saMCI and maMCI groups. Conclusion At the very early stage of cognitive decline, the vascular burden such as MetS may be in parallel with or independent of AD pathology in contributing to cognitive impairment in terms of accelerating the disclosure of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y., USA ; Department of School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y., USA
| | - Raymond Y Lo
- Department of Neurology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Daniel Cole
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y., USA
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., USA ; McLean Hospital, Belmont, Mass., USA ; Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada
| | - Ding-Geng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y., USA ; Department of School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y., USA
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y., USA
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Snorradottir AO, Isaksson HJ, Kaeser SA, Skodras AA, Olafsson E, Palsdottir A, Bragason BT. Deposition of collagen IV and aggrecan in leptomeningeal arteries of hereditary brain haemorrhage with amyloidosis. Brain Res 2013; 1535:106-14. [PMID: 23973860 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary Cystatin C Amyloid Angiopathy (HCCAA) is a rare genetic disease in Icelandic families caused by a mutation in the cystatin C gene, CST3. HCCAA is classified as a cerebral amyloid angiopathy and mutant cystatin C forms amyloid deposits in cerebral arteries resulting in fatal haemorrhagic strokes in young adults. The aetiology of HCCAA pathology is not clear and there is, at present, no animal model of the disease. The aim of this study was to increase understanding of the cerebral vascular pathology of HCCAA patients with an emphasis on structural changes within the arterial wall of affected leptomeningeal arteries. Examination of post-mortem samples revealed extensive changes in the walls of affected arteries characterised by deposition of extracellular matrix constituents, notably collagen IV and the proteoglycan aggrecan. Other structural abnormalities were thickening of the laminin distribution, intimal thickening concomitant with a frayed elastic layer, and variable reduction in the integrity of endothelia. Our results show that excess deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in cerebral arteries of HCCAA is a prominent feature of the disease and may play an important role in its pathogenesis.
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