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Rao MN, Gaikwad S, Ram A, Pradhan UK, Sautya S, Kumbhar L, Udayakrishnan PB, Siddaiha V. Effects of sedimentary heavy metals on meiobenthic community in tropical estuaries along eastern Arabian Sea. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:731-750. [PMID: 35292879 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The central west coast of India comprises the 720 km long coastline of Maharashtra state and houses widespread industrial zones along the eastern Arabian Sea. Sediments from seven industrial-dominated estuaries along the central west coast were studied for metal enrichment and benthic assemblages to determine sediment quality status and ecological effects in these areas. The suit of geochemical indices highlighted the contamination of sediment in the estuaries concerning heavy metals. Positive correlations of Hg with Co, Zn, Ni, Cr, and Pb indicated the source similarity and effect of anthropogenic activity. non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (n-MDS) based on meiofaunal abundance showed a cleared separation of clusters through the gradient of heavy metal concentrations. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) results with the Monte Carlo test signified those heavy metals influenced the meiobenthic community. Heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Hg) were the main drivers shaping the meiofaunal community with a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in taxa richness, diversity, and evenness. Dominant meiofaunal assemblages evidence the tolerance of foraminiferans and nematodes. However, these taxa were affected by decreased abundance at impacted sites compared to other fauna. In conclusion, results demonstrated that impairment occurred in the meiofaunal community in most estuaries (except AB and KK).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nageswar Rao
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Mumbai, 400053, India
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Food, Drug and Water, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India
| | - S Gaikwad
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Mumbai, 400053, India
| | - Anirudh Ram
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Mumbai, 400053, India
| | - U K Pradhan
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Mumbai, 400053, India.
| | - S Sautya
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Mumbai, 400053, India
| | - L Kumbhar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Mumbai, 400053, India
| | - P B Udayakrishnan
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Mumbai, 400053, India
| | - V Siddaiha
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Food, Drug and Water, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530003, India
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Rashid CP, Jyothibabu R, Arunpandi N, Abhijith VT, Josna MP, Vidhya V, Gupta GVM, Ramanamurty MV. Microplastics in zooplankton in the eastern Arabian Sea: The threats they pose to fish and corals favoured by coastal currents. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 173:113042. [PMID: 34655907 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The baseline study of Microplastics (MPs) in zooplankton (copepods, chaetognaths, decapods, and fish larvae) from six different zones along India's west coast (off Kanyakumari/Cape Comorin, Kochi, Mangalore, Goa, Mumbai, and Okha) in the Eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) is presented here with their vast ecosystem impacts. This investigation revealed that zooplankton in all six zones accumulated MPs pellets (52.14%), fibres (28.40%), films (10.51%), and fragments (8.95%). The highest average retention of MPs (MPs/individual) was found in fish larvae (av. 0.57 ± 0.18) while copepods had the lowest (av. 0.03 ± 0.01). The presence of low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate was confirmed by Raman Spectra of MPs. The MPs in zooplankton found in this study (av. 22 ± 7 pieces/m3) were nearly 2-fold greater than those found in some of the world's most densely populated areas. It is shown that the strong southerly coastal currents could advect the MPs contaminated water mass too far away, having the potential to affect the fish and corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Rashid
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, India
| | - R Jyothibabu
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, India.
| | - N Arunpandi
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, India
| | - V T Abhijith
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, India
| | - M P Josna
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, India
| | - V Vidhya
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi, India
| | - G V M Gupta
- Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Kochi, India
| | - M V Ramanamurty
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India
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Gupta P, Saha M, Rathore C, Suneel V, Ray D, Naik A, K U, M D, Daga K. Spatial and seasonal variation of microplastics and possible sources in the estuarine system from central west coast of India. Environ Pollut 2021; 288:117665. [PMID: 34256285 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The versatile use of various synthetic polymers, including plastics, generates a large volume of non-degradable waste, which is eventually responsible for forming microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments. The present study describes the significant spatial and seasonal variation on the abundance of MPs and their physiochemical nature along the Mandovi-Zuari estuarine system of Goa, west coast of India. During the wet season (September), the average abundance of MPs was found relatively higher in water (0.107 particles/m3) and sediment (7314 particles/kg) than those found in the dry season (April) (0.099 particles/m3 in water and 4873 particles/kg in sediment). During the wet season, heavy rain and excessive riverine freshwater influx carry more terrestrial plastic debris in the estuarine system which causes higher averages MPs density in surface water and sediment. <300 μm sized particles and black colored MPs were predominant equally in water and sediment during both seasons. MPs of different shapes like fragments, fibres, films and beads accounted for most collected samples. The Micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (μ-FTIR) based compositional analysis identified approximately 33 types of polymers, of which polyacrylamide (PAM), polyacetylene, polyamide (PA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyimide (PI) were abundant. Fragmentation of larger plastic particles due to mismanaged treated and untreated STPs and washing machine effluents are the primary sources of these MPs in the estuarine system. Moreover, these estuaries also receive a variety of domestic, industrial and other wastes from local cities, ports, and fishing jetties. Thus the present study enlightens the current distribution of MPs and their sources in the Mandovi-Zuari estuarine system and thus provides very useful information to the stakeholder and concerned departments for initiating the mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyansha Gupta
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahua Saha
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India.
| | - Chayanika Rathore
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Suneel
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Durbar Ray
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Akshata Naik
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Unnikrishnan K
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India; Amity Institute of Environmental Science, Amity University, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Dhivya M
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India; Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, 608002, India
| | - Krushi Daga
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India; S.I.E.S College of Arts, Science and Commerce Sion (W), Mumbai, 400022, India
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Sangodkar N, Gonsalves MJ, Shanbhag Y, Rayadurga AS, Nazareth D. Prevalence of indicator and potential pathogenic bacterial groups in the Chapora bay-estuarine system, Goa, central west coast of India. Environ Monit Assess 2020; 192:397. [PMID: 32462544 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the prevalence of indicator and pathogenic bacterial groups in water and sediments in OSZ-offshore, ISZ-inshore, IEZ-inner estuary, and UEZ-upper estuary along the river Chapora, central west coast of India, which is influenced by anthropogenic inputs. The abundance of indicator bacterial groups such as total coliforms and Escherichia coli-like organisms in water ranged from non-detectable (ND) to 103 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. In contrast, their abundance in the sediments was six orders magnitude higher than water (ND to 109 CFU/g). The abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria in water and sediment samples ranged from ND to 103 CFU/mL and from ND to 109 CFU/g respectively, with Shigella-like organisms (SHLO) being the most abundant. In the surface waters, SHLO and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-like organisms (PALO) and in bottom waters, Vibrio parahaemolyticus-like organism and PALO increased progressively from OSZ to UEZ. In contrast, Proteus/Klebsiella-like organisms (PKLO) showed a reverse trend. Amongst all four zones, IEZ was the most contaminated in terms of the higher abundance of indicator and potential pathogenic bacterial populations as corroborated by significantly lower water quality index value. Principal component analysis performed using physico-chemical variables and bacterial groups to reduce data set variability revealed that a different set of parameters contributed differently to the total variation in each zone. Considering the eco-sensitivity of the river Chapora, the results of the present study call for precautionary measures to minimize the degree of anthropogenic inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitisha Sangodkar
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Maria Judith Gonsalves
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India.
| | - Yogini Shanbhag
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Anantha Sreepada Rayadurga
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Delcy Nazareth
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
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Maharana D, Saha M, Dar JY, Rathore C, Sreepada RA, Xu XR, Koongolla JB, Li HX. Assessment of micro and macroplastics along the west coast of India: Abundance, distribution, polymer type and toxicity. Chemosphere 2020; 246:125708. [PMID: 31911330 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Considering the magnitude of pollution caused by marine plastics, the present study assessed their abundance, distribution, surface morphology and polymer type in ten sandy beaches spread across three states (Maharashtra, Karnataka and Goa) along the west coast of India (WCI). The total abundance of plastics (∼1-100 mm) in the studied beaches ranged from 4.1 to 23.4% (19±1-346 ± 2 items/m2). Location-wise, the abundances of both micro (43.6 ± 1.1-346 ± 2 items/m2) and macroplastics (21.6±3-195 ± 6 items/m2) were relatively higher in beaches along the Maharashtra coast. Surface morphology-wise, fragments were predominantly abundant in both micro (76±2-346 ± 2 items/m2) and macroplastics (50.6 ± 1.5-195 ± 6 items/m2) followed by pellets (43.3 ± 2.5-245.6 ± 2 items/m2). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of plastics revealed a dominance of polyethylene (PE) followed by polypropylene (PP). IR spectra of the collected plastics at absorption band at 1750-1700 cm-1 reflect minimal surface oxidation. White-colored plastics were observed most frequently, followed by pale-yellow, dark-brown, green, blue, transparent and red. A short-term (72 h) experimental study to assess the toxicity of PE microbeads (∼1 mm) in a commercially important shrimp species, Litopenaeus vannamei revealed toxicological changes. An elevated level of lipid peroxidation (LPX)-the tagged biochemical marker, was recorded only at the maximum dose (0.15 mg/L) of PE microbeads. A moderate increase in the levels of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase and glutathione S-transferase) was also recorded at the same dose. Comprehensive information on marine plastics, including ecotoxicity provided in this study, would help in evolving strategies in minimizing plastic pollution along the WCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusmant Maharana
- Chemical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India; CAS-Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - Mahua Saha
- Chemical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India.
| | - Jaffer Yousuf Dar
- Division of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Chayanika Rathore
- Chemical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India.
| | - R A Sreepada
- Aquaculture Laboratory, Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India.
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - J Bimali Koongolla
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
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Nageswar Rao M, Ram A, Pradhan UK, Siddaiah V. Factors controlling organic matter composition and trophic state in seven tropical estuaries along the west coast of India. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:545-562. [PMID: 29982906 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To understand the organic matter (OM) sources and trophic states, spatial and seasonal (post-monsoon and pre-monsoon) variation in sedimentary OM compositions was investigated in seven tropical estuaries of the state of Maharashtra along the central west coast of India. Based on the result of cluster analysis, estuaries were segregated into two distinct groups: Northern Maharashtra and Southern Maharashtra owing to dissimilarity in OM characteristics potentially constrained by geomorphology and catchment properties. Enrichment of Corg and major biochemical compounds (lipids, carbohydrates and proteins) in the middle zone of most estuaries highlighted towards the addition of allochthonous OM. Results of principal component analysis highlighted the similar source of OM in most of the estuaries during both seasons and their distribution largely constrained by grain size change. The benthic trophic state indicated the prevalence of eutrophic state in the middle zone of the investigated estuaries, which may be sporadic and dependent upon anthropogenic activities in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nageswar Rao
- Chemical Oceanography Division, Regional Centre, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Lokhandwala Rd. Four Bungalows, Andheri (West), Mumbai, 400 053, India
| | - Anirudh Ram
- Chemical Oceanography Division, Regional Centre, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Lokhandwala Rd. Four Bungalows, Andheri (West), Mumbai, 400 053, India.
| | - U K Pradhan
- Chemical Oceanography Division, Regional Centre, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Lokhandwala Rd. Four Bungalows, Andheri (West), Mumbai, 400 053, India
| | - V Siddaiah
- Department of Organic Chemistry & FDW, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530 003, India
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Revadekar JV, Varikoden H, Murumkar PK, Ahmed SA. On the relationship between sea surface temperatures, circulation parameters and temperatures over west coast of India. Sci Total Environ 2016; 551-552:175-185. [PMID: 26874773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The oceans and the atmosphere are tightly linked and they together form the most dynamic component of the climate system. Topography and proximity to the surrounding seas of the region determine the temperature of the area. West Coast (WC) of India is a high elevated region surrounded by large oceanic area, therefore, an attempt is made in this study to examine the trends and variability in temperature over WC in relation to oceanic phenomena. Temperature over the WC shows considerable year-to-year variation with anomalous cool years in recent warm epoch. Therefore, sea surface temperature (SST) and associated winds have been analyzed to understand possible mechanism behind the variation in temperatures over the WC. During the winter, north-easterlies prevail over the WC which blows from land to ocean. Variations in SSTs alter the strength of these winds to cause anomalies in temperature over the WC. Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) appears to have a dominant role in climate of the WC, whereas SSTs over the equatorial Pacific do not show any impact on temperatures over the WC. Study indicates that the strengthening of north-easterlies due to negative phase of Indian Ocean Dipole causes cooling over the WC of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Revadekar
- Center for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Hamza Varikoden
- Center for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune 411008, India
| | - P K Murumkar
- Center for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune 411008, India; Department of Geology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - S A Ahmed
- Department of Geology, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
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Rameshkumar G, Ramesh M, Ravichandran S, Trilles JP, Subbiah S. New record of Norileca indica from the west coast of India. J Parasit Dis 2015; 39:712-5. [PMID: 26688639 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hundred and twenty samples of Rastrelliger kanagurta from the Cochin Fisheries Harbour were collected during the month of August 2013. Forty-one specimens (32 females and 9 males) were parasitized by the cymothoid isopod Norileca indica. N. indica is recorded for the first time from the west coast of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Rameshkumar
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Samuthirapandian Ravichandran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Jean-Paul Trilles
- UMR 5119 (CNRS-UM2-IFREMER-IRD), Equipe Adaptation Ecophysiologique et Ontogenèse, Université Montpellier 2, CC. 092, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Shunmugam Subbiah
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 Tamil Nadu India
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