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Carrión MG, Corripio MAR, Contreras JVH, Marrón MR, Olán GM, Cázares ASH. Optimization and characterization of taro starch, nisin, and sodium alginate-based biodegradable films: antimicrobial effect in chicken meat. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103100. [PMID: 37837678 PMCID: PMC10589887 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable films based on polymers from renewable resources have become a feasible technology to preserve the quality (texture, color, flavor) and safety of food. The addition of antimicrobial agents to films can prevent the growth of pathogenic microorganisms that affect meat and poultry products. In this study, a biodegradable film with sodium alginate (SA), taro starch (MS), and nisin (Nis) was optimized to have high tensile strength (TS), breaking force (BF), and a low water vapor permeability (WVP) using a Box-Behnken response surface design, and its antimicrobial effect was evaluated in relation to its use as a packaging material for chicken meat. The OB was characterized via analysis of its mechanical, physical, and chemical properties; in addition, the total migration of Nis was also analyzed, along with its retention ability, the kinetics of the release of Nis into food simulants, and its antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes in vitro and on inoculated chicken meat. The resulting optimal OB was produced with 1.9% MS, 1% glycerol (G), and 2,369 IU/mL of Nis, and displayed adequate TS and WVP. The OB significantly reduced the microbial load and helped extend the shelf life of the chicken meat under refrigeration by up to 15 d. Total migration and the kinetics of the release of Nis showed that the OB can be used on hydrophilic and acidic foods, making it a natural alternative for use in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marcela Rangel Marrón
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Ciudad del Carmen, C.P. 24180, Campeche, México
| | - Gema Morales Olán
- Colegio de Postgraduados - Campus Córdoba, Veracruz, C.P. 94953, México
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2
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Choi HJ, Choi SW, Lee N, Chang HJ. Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan/Gelatin/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Ternary Blend Film Incorporated with Duchesnea indica Extract in Strawberry Applications. Foods 2022; 11:foods11243963. [PMID: 36553706 PMCID: PMC9778419 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CTS)/gelatin (GEL)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based composite films with different concentrations of Duchesnea indica extract (DIE) (6.25 and 25 mg/mL), an antimicrobial agent, were manufactured using a casting technique. Results indicated that elongation at break decreased as DIE was added at higher concentrations. Composite films showed no significant differences in thickness, tensile strength, and water vapor permeability. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that DIE was successfully incorporated into film matrices to interact with polymers. The addition of DIE to the film inhibited the growth of S. aureus by up to 4.9 log CFU/mL. The inhibitory effect on S. aureus using DIE-incorporated coating applied to strawberries was greatest at room temperature storage for 24 h only when it was coated twice or more. The maximum inhibition in strawberries was 2.5 log CFU/g when they were coated twice and 3.2 log CFU/g when they were coated three times. The results of this study suggest that DIE could be used as a natural antimicrobial agent, and DIE-integrated CTS/GEL/PVA films or coatings have potential as a food packaging alternative for preventing foodborne pathogen contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jo Choi
- Research Group of Safety and Distribution, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Choi
- Research Group of Safety and Distribution, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Lee
- Research Group of Safety and Distribution, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Chang
- Research Group of Safety and Distribution, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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3
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Heo KJ, Lee DU, Shin JH, Park J, Lee BJ, Shin J, Jeong SB, Hwang GB, MacRobert AJ, Parkin IP, Jung JH, Choi DY. Transparent, Robust, and Photochemical Antibacterial Surface Based on Hydrogen Bonding between a Si-Al and Cationic Dye. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:53285-53297. [PMID: 36395463 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections can occur and spread through direct contact with contaminated fomites in a hospital, such as mobile phones, tablets, computer keyboards, doorknobs, and other surfaces. Herein, this study shows a transparent, robust, and visible light-activated antibacterial surface based on hydrogen bonds between a transparent silica-alumina (Si-Al) sol-gel and a visible light-activated photosensitizer, such as crystal violet (CV). The study of the bonding mechanisms revealed that hydrogen bonding predominantly occurs between the N of CV and Al-OH. Apart from CV, Si-Al can be combined with a variety of dyes, highlighting its potential for wide application. The Si-Al@CV film selectively generates singlet oxygen using ambient visible light, triggering potent photochemical antibacterial performance against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, the Si-Al@CV film is stable even after mechanical stability tests such as tape adhesion, scratch, bending, and water immersion. In vitro cytotoxicity tests using C2C12 myoblast cells showed that the Si-Al@CV film is a biocompatible material. This work suggests a new approach for designing a transparent and robust touchscreen surface with photochemical antibacterial capability against healthcare-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Joon Heo
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, LondonWC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Lee
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon38822, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hak Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghun Park
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon38822, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Jin Lee
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon38822, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhun Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, LondonWC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sang Bin Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Byoung Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, LondonWC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, LondonNW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, LondonWC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jae Hee Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Choi
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon38822, Republic of Korea
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4
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Bhattacharjee B, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee R, Haldar J. Easy Fabrication of a Polymeric Transparent Sheet to Combat Microbial Infection. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:3951-3959. [PMID: 35912488 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Surges in infectious diseases and their transmission in households and commercial and healthcare settings have increased the use of polymeric materials as protective covers. Despite ongoing efforts, conventional polymeric materials still pose the threat of surface-associated transmission of pathogens due to the fact that they lack antimicrobial properties. Here, we have developed an easy-to-fabricate polymeric sheet [quaternary polymeric transparent sheet (QPTS)] that shows an excellent antimicrobial property and is also transparent in nature, increasing its practical applications in a wide range of surfaces. The sheet was fabricated by combining cationic amphiphilic water-soluble polyethylenimine derivative (QPEINH-C6) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The optimum composition (QPTS-3) exhibited a complete reduction of bacterial and fungal infection (∼3-4 log reduction) within 15 min. QPTS-3 also exhibited activity against antibiotic-insusceptible metabolically inactive bacterial cells. The sheet prevented the growth of MRSA biofilm even after 72 h of incubation, which was confirmed through electron microscopy on the QPTS sheet. Most importantly, ∼99.9% of the influenza viral load was reduced completely within 30 min of exposure of the sheet. Apart from the antimicrobial property, the sheet successfully retained its transparency (∼88%) and maintained a significant mechanical strength (∼15 N), highlighting its potential applications in commercial and healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brinta Bhattacharjee
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru, 560064 Karnataka, India
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru, 560064 Karnataka, India
| | - Riya Mukherjee
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru, 560064 Karnataka, India
| | - Jayanta Haldar
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru, 560064 Karnataka, India.,School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bengaluru, 560064 Karnataka, India
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Azevedo AG, Barros C, Miranda S, Machado AV, Castro O, Silva B, Saraiva M, Silva AS, Pastrana L, Carneiro OS, Cerqueira MA. Active Flexible Films for Food Packaging: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122442. [PMID: 35746023 PMCID: PMC9228407 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Active food packaging is a dynamic area where the scientific community and industry have been trying to find new strategies to produce innovative packaging that is economically viable and compatible with conventional production processes. The materials used to develop active packaging can be organized into scavenging and emitting materials, and based on organic and inorganic materials. However, the incorporation of these materials in polymer-based flexible packaging is not always straightforward. The challenges to be faced are mainly related to active agents’ sensitivity to high temperatures or difficulties in dispersing them in the high viscosity polymer matrix. This review provides an overview of methodologies and processes used in the production of active packaging, particularly for the production of active flexible films at the industrial level. The direct incorporation of active agents in polymer films is presented, focusing on the processing conditions and their effect on the active agent, and final application of the packaging material. Moreover, the incorporation of active agents by coating technologies and supercritical impregnation are presented. Finally, the use of carriers to help the incorporation of active agents and several methodologies is discussed. This review aims to guide academic and industrial researchers in the development of active flexible packaging, namely in the selection of the materials, methodologies, and process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G. Azevedo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.A.); (L.P.)
| | - Carolina Barros
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.B.); (A.V.M.); (O.S.C.)
| | - Sónia Miranda
- PIEP—Centre for Innovation in Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Edifício 15, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (S.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Ana Vera Machado
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.B.); (A.V.M.); (O.S.C.)
| | - Olga Castro
- Vizelpas—Flexible Films, S.A., Rua da Fundição, 8, Vilarinho, 4795-791 Santo Tirso, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Silva
- PIEP—Centre for Innovation in Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, Edifício 15, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (S.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- INSA—National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research I.P., Portugal and CECA-Center for Study in Animal Science, ICETA, University of Porto, Vairão, 4099-002 Vila do Conde, Portugal;
| | - Lorenzo Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.A.); (L.P.)
| | - Olga Sousa Carneiro
- IPC—Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (C.B.); (A.V.M.); (O.S.C.)
| | - Miguel A. Cerqueira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.G.A.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Díaz-Cruz CA, Caicedo C, Jiménez-Regalado EJ, Díaz de León R, López-González R, Aguirre-Loredo RY. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial, Thermal, Mechanical, and Barrier Properties of Corn Starch-Chitosan Biodegradable Films Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112166. [PMID: 35683839 PMCID: PMC9183151 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Packaging materials play an essential role in the preservation and marketing of food and other products. To improve their conservation capacity, antimicrobial agents that inhibit bacterial growth are used. Biopolymers such as starch and chitosan are a sustainable alternative for the generation of films for packaging that can also serve as a support for preservatives and antimicrobial agents. These substances can replace packaging of synthetic origin and maintain good functional properties to ensure the quality of food products. Films based on a mixture of corn starch and chitosan were developed by the casting method and the effect of incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) at different concentrations (0 to 10% w/w) was studied. The effect of the incorporation of CNC on the rheological, mechanical, thermal and barrier properties, as well as the antimicrobial activity of nanocomposite films, was evaluated. A significant modification of the functional and antimicrobial properties of the starch–chitosan films was observed with an increase in the concentration of nanomaterials. The films with CNC in a range of 0.5 to 5% presented the best performance. In line with the physicochemical characteristics which are desired in antimicrobial materials, this study can serve as a guide for the development this type of packaging for food use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Alonso Díaz-Cruz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. Venustiano Carranza SN, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Carolina Caicedo
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biotecnología (QUIBIO), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Pampalinda, Santiago de Cali 760035, Colombia;
| | - Enrique Javier Jiménez-Regalado
- Departamento de Procesos de Polimerización, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico; (E.J.J.-R.); (R.D.d.L.); (R.L.-G.)
| | - Ramón Díaz de León
- Departamento de Procesos de Polimerización, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico; (E.J.J.-R.); (R.D.d.L.); (R.L.-G.)
| | - Ricardo López-González
- Departamento de Procesos de Polimerización, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico; (E.J.J.-R.); (R.D.d.L.); (R.L.-G.)
| | - Rocio Yaneli Aguirre-Loredo
- Departamento de Procesos de Polimerización, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico; (E.J.J.-R.); (R.D.d.L.); (R.L.-G.)
- Investigadora por México CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Monge M, Abdel-Hady A, Aslett L, Calfee M, Williams B, Ratliff K, Ryan S, Oudejans L, Touati A. Inactivation of MS2 bacteriophage on copper film deployed in high touch areas of a public transport system. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 74:405-410. [PMID: 34862976 PMCID: PMC8935140 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although SARS-CoV-2 is primarily an airborne risk, the COVID-19 pandemic also highlighted the need for self-disinfection surfaces that could withstand the demand of high occupant densities characteristic of public transportation systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the durability and antiviral activity of a copper film deployed for 90 days in two high touch locations within an active metropolitan bus and railcar. The antiviral efficacy of this copper film after being deployed in transit vehicles for 90 days (deployed copper film) was then compared to new (unused) copper film to determine if frequent touches and cleaning protocols could decrease the efficacy of the copper films. Deployed copper film, new copper film, and aluminium foil (positive control) coupons were inoculated with ~1 × 106 MS2 virus particles, allowed a contact time of either 5- or 10-min, and analysed for residual viral infectiousness. On both new and deployed copper films, MS2 was completely inactivated (≥5 log reduction) at both time points. These results suggest that the copper film may provide the durability demanded by high touch public spaces while maintaining the antiviral activity necessary to reduce exposure risk and viral transmission via surfaces in public transportation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M.W. Calfee
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - B. Williams
- Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K. Ratliff
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S. Ryan
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - L. Oudejans
- U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - A. Touati
- Jacobs Technology, Inc., Tullahoma, TN, USA
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Nikam SP, Nettleton K, Everitt JI, Barton HA, Becker ML. Antibiotic eluting poly(ester urea) films for control of a model cardiac implantable electronic device infection. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:65-79. [PMID: 32447067 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections acquired during or after surgical procedures are a major complication that are challenging to treat therapeutically, resulting in chronic and sometimes fatal infections. Localized delivery of antibiotics at the surgical site could be used to supplement traditional systemic administration as a preventative measure. Herein, we investigate a cefazolin-eluting l-valine poly(ester urea) (PEU) films as a model system for localized antibiotic delivery for CIEDs. Poly(1-VAL-8) PEU was used to fabricate a series of antibiotic-loaded films with varied loading concentrations (2%, 5%, 10% wt/wt) and thicknesses (40 µm, 80 µm, 140 µm). In vitro release measurements show thickness and loading concentration influence the amount and rate of cefazolin release. Group 10%-140 µm (load-thickness) showed 22.5% release of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the first 24 h and 81.2% of cumulative percent release through day 14 and was found most effective in bacterial clearance in vitro. This group was also effective in clearing a bacterial infection in a model in vivo rat study while eliciting a limited inflammatory response. Our results suggest the feasibility of cefazolin-loaded PEU films as an effective sustained release matrix for localized delivery of antibiotics. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Implant-associated infections acquired during surgical procedures are a major complication that have proven a challenge to treat clinically, resulting in chronic and sometimes fatal infections. In this manuscript, we investigate an antibiotic-eluting L-valine poly(ester urea) (PEU) films as a model system for localized delivery of cefazolin. Significantly, we demonstrate a wide variation in temporal delivery and dosing within this family of PEUs and show that the delivery can be extended by varying the film thickness. The in vivo results show efficacy in an infected wound model and suggest antibiotic loaded PEU films function as an effective sustained release matrix for localized delivery of antibiotics across a number of clinical indications.
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Kolarova Raskova Z, Stahel P, Sedlarikova J, Musilova L, Stupavska M, Lehocky M. The Effect of Plasma Pretreatment and Cross-Linking Degree on the Physical and Antimicrobial Properties of Nisin-Coated PVA Films. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11081451. [PMID: 30115861 PMCID: PMC6120017 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stable antimicrobial nisin layers were prepared on the carrying medium-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films, crosslinked by glutaric acid. Surface plasma dielectric coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) modification of polyvinyl alcohol was used to improve the hydrophilic properties and to provide better adhesion of biologically active peptide-nisin to the polymer. The surface modification of films was studied in correlation to their cross-linking degree. Nisin was attached directly from the salt solution of the commercial product. In order to achieve a stable layer, the initial nisin concentration and the following release were investigated using chromatographic methods. The uniformity and stability of the layers was evaluated by means of zeta potential measurements, and for the surface changes of hydrophilic character, the water contact angle measurements were provided. The nisin long-term stability on the PVA films was confirmed by tricine polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and by antimicrobial assay. It was found that PVA can serve as a suitable carrying medium for nisin with tunable properties by plasma treatment and crosslinking degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kolarova Raskova
- Centre of polymer systems, Tomas Bata University, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Stahel
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 267/2, 63711 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Sedlarikova
- Centre of polymer systems, Tomas Bata University, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic.
- Department of Fat, Surfactants and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Vavrečkova 275, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Musilova
- Centre of polymer systems, Tomas Bata University, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Stupavska
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 267/2, 63711 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Marian Lehocky
- Centre of polymer systems, Tomas Bata University, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic.
- Department of Fat, Surfactants and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Vavrečkova 275, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic.
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Makaremi M, Pasbakhsh P, Cavallaro G, Lazzara G, Aw YK, Lee SM, Milioto S. Effect of Morphology and Size of Halloysite Nanotubes on Functional Pectin Bionanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:17476-17488. [PMID: 28481104 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pectin bionanocomposite films filled with various concentrations of two different types of halloysite nanotubes were prepared and characterized in this study as potential films for food packaging applications. The two types of halloysite nanotubes were long and thin (patch) (200-30 000 nm length) and short and stubby (Matauri Bay) (50-3000 nm length) with different morphological, physical, and dispersibility properties. Both matrix (pectin) and reinforcer (halloysite nanotubes) used in this study are considered as biocompatible, natural, and low-cost materials. Various characterization tests including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, release kinetics, contact angle, and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed to evaluate the performance of the pectin films. Exceptional thermal, tensile, and contact angle properties have been achieved for films reinforced by patch halloysite nanotubes due to the patchy and lengthy nature of these tubes, which form a bird nest structure in the pectin matrix. Matauri Bay halloysite nanotubes were dispersed uniformly and individually in the matrix in low and even high halloysite nanotube concentrations. Furthermore, salicylic acid as a biocidal agent was encapsulated in the halloysite nanotubes lumen to control its release kinetics. On this basis, halloysite nanotubes/salicylic acid hybrids were dispersed into the pectin matrix to develop functional biofilms with antimicrobial properties that can be extended over time. Results revealed that shorter nanotubes (Matauri Bay) had better ability for the encapsulation of salicylic acid into their lumen, while patchy structure and longer tubes of patch halloysite nanotubes made the encapsulation process more difficult, as they might need more time and energy to be fully loaded by salicylic acid. Moreover, antimicrobial activity of the films against four different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria indicated the effective antimicrobial properties of pectin/halloysite functionalized films and their potential to be used for food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziyar Makaremi
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia , Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Pooria Pasbakhsh
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia , Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Giuseppe Cavallaro
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo , Viale delle Scienze, pad. 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lazzara
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo , Viale delle Scienze, pad. 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Yoong Kit Aw
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia , Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia , Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Stefana Milioto
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo , Viale delle Scienze, pad. 17, Palermo 90128, Italy
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Pangule RC, Brooks SJ, Dinu CZ, Bale SS, Salmon SL, Zhu G, Metzger DW, Kane RS, Dordick JS. Antistaphylococcal nanocomposite films based on enzyme-nanotube conjugates. ACS Nano 2010; 4:3993-4000. [PMID: 20604574 PMCID: PMC2919614 DOI: 10.1021/nn100932t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Infection with antibiotic-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the primary causes of hospitalizations and deaths. To address this issue, we have designed antimicrobial coatings incorporating carbon nanotube-enzyme conjugates that are highly effective against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Specifically, we incorporated conjugates of carbon nanotubes with lysostaphin, a cell wall degrading enzyme, into films to impart bactericidal properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. We fabricated and characterized nanocomposites containing different conjugate formulations and enzyme loadings. These enzyme-based composites were highly efficient in killing MRSA (>99% within 2 h) without release of the enzyme into solution. Additionally, these films were reusable and stable under dry storage conditions for a month. Such enzyme-based film formulations may be used to prevent growth of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms on various common surfaces in hospital settings. Polymer and paint films containing such antimicrobial conjugates, in particular, could be advantageous to prevent risk of staphylococcal-specific infection and biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra C. Pangule
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Sarah J. Brooks
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Shyam Sundhar Bale
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Sharon L. Salmon
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Dennis W. Metzger
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Ravi S. Kane
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
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| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
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