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Yamamoto S, Yamamoto-Ibusuki M, Yamamoto Y, Fujiwara S, Iwase H. A comprehensive analysis of Aurora A; transcript levels are the most reliable in association with proliferation and prognosis in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:217. [PMID: 23627634 PMCID: PMC3671980 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aurora A kinase, a centrosomal serine/threonine kinase which plays an essential role in chromosome segregation during cell division, is commonly amplified and/or over expressed in human malignancies. Aurora A is suggested to be one of the proliferation parameters which is an independent prognostic factor for early invasive breast cancer patients; however the individual clinical or prognostic relevance of this gene has been a matter of debate. METHODS A comprehensive analysis of Aurora A at the levels of gene expression, gene copy number and protein expression was performed for 278 primary invasive breast cancer patients; and the correlation with clinical outcomes were investigated. RESULTS Aurora A gene expression level not only correlated with gene amplification, but was also significantly associated with several clinicopathological parameters and patient prognosis. Patients with higher nuclear grade, negative progesterone receptor status and higher Ki67 expressed higher levels of Aurora A mRNA, which was associated not only with poor relapse-free survival (RFS) but was also found to be a significant multivariate parameter for RFS. Aurora A protein expression was also significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics; lymph node status, nuclear grade, estrogen receptor status and Ki67, but not with prognosis. By contrast, Aurora A gene amplification correlated with tumor size, nuclear grade and Ki67, and had no prognostic value. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that Aurora A gene expression is an effective tool, which defines both tumor proliferation potency and patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Yamamoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Yamamoto-Ibusuki
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamamoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Therapy for Breast Cancer, Innovation Center for Translational Research, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Saori Fujiwara
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iwase
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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Ikeda M, Chiba S, Ohashi K, Mizuno K. Furry protein promotes aurora A-mediated Polo-like kinase 1 activation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:27670-81. [PMID: 22753416 PMCID: PMC3431660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.378968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar mitotic spindle organization is fundamental to faithful chromosome segregation. Furry (Fry) is an evolutionarily conserved protein implicated in cell division and morphology. In human cells, Fry localizes to centrosomes and spindle microtubules in early mitosis, and depletion of Fry causes multipolar spindle formation. However, it remains unknown how Fry controls bipolar spindle organization. This study demonstrates that Fry binds to polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) through the polo-box domain of Plk1 in a manner dependent on the cyclin-dependent kinase 1-mediated Fry phosphorylation at Thr-2516. Fry also binds to Aurora A and promotes Plk1 activity by binding to the polo-box domain of Plk1 and by facilitating Aurora A-mediated Plk1 phosphorylation at Thr-210. Depletion of Fry causes centrosome and centriole splitting in mitotic spindles and reduces the kinase activity of Plk1 in mitotic cells and the accumulation of Thr-210-phosphorylated Plk1 at the spindle poles. Our results suggest that Fry plays a crucial role in the structural integrity of mitotic centrosomes and in the maintenance of spindle bipolarity by promoting Plk1 activity at the spindle poles in early mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ikeda
- From the Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shuhei Chiba
- From the Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ohashi
- From the Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kensaku Mizuno
- From the Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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Abstract
The events of cell division are regulated by a complex interplay between kinases and phosphatases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), polo-like kinases (Plks) and Aurora kinases play central roles in this process. Polo kinase (Plk1 in humans) regulates a wide range of events in mitosis and cytokinesis. To ensure the accuracy of these processes, polo activity itself is subject to complex regulation. Phosphorylation of polo in its T loop (or activation loop) increases its kinase activity several-fold. It has been shown that Aurora A kinase, with its co-factor Bora, activates Plk1 in G(2), and that this is essential for recovery from cell cycle arrest induced by DNA damage. In a recent article published in PLoS Biology, we report that Drosophila polo is activated by Aurora B kinase at centromeres, and that this is crucial for polo function in regulating chromosome dynamics in prometaphase. Our results suggest that this regulatory pathway is conserved in humans. Here, we propose a model for the collaboration between Aurora B and polo in the regulation of kinetochore attachment to microtubules in early mitosis. Moreover, we suggest that Aurora B could also function to activate Polo/Plk1 in cytokinesis. Finally, we discuss recent findings and open questions regarding the activation of polo and polo-like kinases by different kinases in mitosis, cytokinesis and other processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Archambault
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et en Cancérologie and Département de Biochimie; Université de Montréal; Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Mar Carmena
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, Scotland UK
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Van Horn RD, Chu S, Fan L, Yin T, Du J, Beckmann R, Mader M, Zhu G, Toth J, Blanchard K, Ye XS. Cdk1 activity is required for mitotic activation of aurora A during G2/M transition of human cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:21849-57. [PMID: 20444701 PMCID: PMC2898447 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.141010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells entry into and progression through mitosis are regulated by multiple mitotic kinases. How mitotic kinases interact with each other and coordinately regulate mitosis remains to be fully understood. Here we employed a chemical biology approach using selective small molecule kinase inhibitors to dissect the relationship between Cdk1 and Aurora A kinases during G(2)/M transition. We find that activation of Aurora A first occurs at centrosomes at late G(2) and is required for centrosome separation independently of Cdk1 activity. Upon entry into mitosis, Aurora A then becomes fully activated downstream of Cdk1 activation. Inactivation of Aurora A or Plk1 individually during a synchronized cell cycle shows no significant effect on Cdk1 activation and entry into mitosis. However, simultaneous inactivation of both Aurora A and Plk1 markedly delays Cdk1 activation and entry into mitosis, suggesting that Aurora A and Plk1 have redundant functions in the feedback activation of Cdk1. Together, our data suggest that Cdk1, Aurora A, and Plk1 mitotic kinases participate in a feedback activation loop and that activation of Cdk1 initiates the feedback loop activity, leading to rapid and timely entry into mitosis in human cells. In addition, live cell imaging reveals that the nuclear cycle of cells becomes uncoupled from cytokinesis upon inactivation of both Aurora A and Aurora B kinases and continues to oscillate in a Cdk1-dependent manner in the absence of cytokinesis, resulting in multinucleated, polyploidy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Van Horn
- From Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Shaoyou Chu
- From Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Li Fan
- From Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Tinggui Yin
- From Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Jian Du
- From Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Richard Beckmann
- From Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Mary Mader
- From Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Guoxin Zhu
- From Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - John Toth
- From Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Kerry Blanchard
- From Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Xiang S. Ye
- From Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
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Bee C, Moshnikova A, Mellor CD, Molloy JE, Koryakina Y, Stieglitz B, Khokhlatchev A, Herrmann C. Growth and tumor suppressor NORE1A is a regulatory node between Ras signaling and microtubule nucleation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:16258-66. [PMID: 20339001 PMCID: PMC2871493 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.081562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
NORE1A is a Ras-binding protein that belongs to a group of tumor suppressors known as the Ras association domain family. Their growth- and tumor-suppressive function is assumed to be dependent on association with the microtubule cytoskeleton. However, a detailed understanding of this interplay is still missing. Here, we show that NORE1A directly interacts with tubulin and is capable of nucleating microtubules. Strikingly, the ability to stimulate nucleation is regulated in a dual specific way either via phosphorylation of NORE1A within the Ras-binding domain by Aurora A kinase or via binding to activated Ras. We also demonstrate that NORE1A mediates a negative effect of activated Ras on microtubule nucleation. On the basis of our results, we propose a novel regulatory network composed of the tumor suppressor NORE1A, the mitotic kinase Aurora A, the small GTPase Ras, and the microtubule cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bee
- From the Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry 1, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Christopher D. Mellor
- the Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Justin E. Molloy
- the Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | - Yulia Koryakina
- Microbiology, University of Virginia Health Science Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, and
| | - Benjamin Stieglitz
- the Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christian Herrmann
- From the Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry 1, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Jang CY, Coppinger JA, Seki A, Yates JR, Fang G. Plk1 and Aurora A regulate the depolymerase activity and the cellular localization of Kif2a. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:1334-41. [PMID: 19351716 PMCID: PMC2671931 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.044321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule depolymerase Kif2a controls spindle assembly and dynamics and is essential for chromosome congression and segregation. Through a proteomic analysis, we identified Kif2a as a target for regulation by the Polo-like kinase Plk1. Plk1 interacts with Kif2a, but only in mitosis, in a manner dependent on its kinase activity. Plk1 phosphorylates Kif2a and enhances its depolymerase activity in vitro. Inhibition or depletion of Plk1 decreases microtubule-associated Kif2a signals and increases the spindle microtubule intensity in vivo. Interestingly, Aurora A also interacts with and phosphorylates Kif2a. Phosphorylation of Kif2a by Aurora A suppresses its depolymerase activity in vitro, and inhibition of Aurora A increases the microtubule-associated Kif2a signals and reduces the spindle microtubule intensity in vivo. Thus, Kif2a is regulated positively by Plk1 and negatively by Aurora A. We propose that this antagonistic regulation confers differential stability to microtubules in the spindle versus at the pole versus in the cytosol, and that this spatial differential stability is important for spindle assembly and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Young Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,
USA
| | - Judith A. Coppinger
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla,
CA 92037, USA
| | - Akiko Seki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,
USA
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla,
CA 92037, USA
| | - Guowei Fang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305,
USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Abstract
A central question in the study of cell proliferation is, what controls cell-cycle transitions? Although the accumulation of mitotic cyclins drives the transition from the G2 phase to the M phase in embryonic cells, the trigger for mitotic entry in somatic cells remains unknown. We report that the synergistic action of Bora and the kinase Aurora A (Aur-A) controls the G2-M transition. Bora accumulates in the G2 phase and promotes Aur-A-mediated activation of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), leading to the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and mitotic entry. Mechanistically, Bora interacts with Plk1 and controls the accessibility of its activation loop for phosphorylation and activation by Aur-A. Thus, Bora and Aur-A control mitotic entry, which provides a mechanism for one of the most important yet ill-defined events in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Seki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020
| | - Judith A. Coppinger
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Chang-Young Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Guowei Fang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020
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Petretti C, Savoian M, Montembault E, Glover DM, Prigent C, Giet R. The PITSLRE/CDK11p58 protein kinase promotes centrosome maturation and bipolar spindle formation. EMBO Rep 2006; 7:418-24. [PMID: 16462731 PMCID: PMC1456919 DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2005] [Revised: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The CDK11 (cyclin-dependent kinase 11) gene has an internal ribosome entry site (IRES), allowing the expression of two protein kinases. The longer 110-kDa isoform is expressed at constant levels during the cell cycle and the shorter 58-kDa isoform is expressed only during G2 and M phases. By means of RNA interference (RNAi), we show that the CDK11 gene is required for mitotic spindle formation. CDK11 RNAi leads to mitotic checkpoint activation. Mitotic cells are arrested with short or monopolar spindles. gamma-Tubulin as well as Plk1 and Aurora A protein kinase levels are greatly reduced at centrosomes, resulting in microtubule nucleation defects. We show that the mitotic CDK11(p58) isoform, but not the CDK11(p110) isoform, associates with mitotic centrosomes and rescues the phenotypes resulting from CDK11 RNAi. This work demonstrates for the first time the role of CDK11(p58) in centrosome maturation and bipolar spindle morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Petretti
- CNRS UMR 6061 Université de Rennes I, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, IFR140 GFAS, Faculté de Médecine, 2 av. Pr. Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Matthew Savoian
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research UK, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Emilie Montembault
- CNRS UMR 6061 Université de Rennes I, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, IFR140 GFAS, Faculté de Médecine, 2 av. Pr. Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - David M Glover
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research UK, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Claude Prigent
- CNRS UMR 6061 Université de Rennes I, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, IFR140 GFAS, Faculté de Médecine, 2 av. Pr. Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Régis Giet
- CNRS UMR 6061 Université de Rennes I, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, IFR140 GFAS, Faculté de Médecine, 2 av. Pr. Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
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