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Dowlatshahi S, Chen CY, Zigdon-Giladi H, Horwitz J, Ahn C, Kim DM, Machtei EE. Volumetric assessment of changes in the alveolar ridge dimension following GBR using a combination FDBA with collagen membrane or novel resorbable scaffold: A prospective two-center clinical trial. J Periodontol 2021; 93:343-353. [PMID: 34245016 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine osseous changes following lateral bone augmentation using a novel Ossix Volumax (OV) scaffold alone and compare it to combination therapy using freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) and resorbable collagen membrane (FDBA/CM). METHODS Thirty patients completed this 9-months prospective two-center cohort clinical trial. Before surgery and 9-months re-entry, linear measurements were performed, and impressions taken. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were done at baseline and 9 months. DICOM slice data were converted into volumetric images using 3D Slicer. Following 3D volumetric image construction, pre- and post-op Standard Triangle Language files were superimposed and volumetric data were extracted for a 10-mm region of interest. Linear measurements were compared similarly. RESULTS Baseline clinical parameters were similar in both groups (4.22 and 4.53 mm for OV and FDBA/CM at -2 mm, respectively). Following treatment, vertical distance from the stent had changed minimally (-0.36 and -0.12 mm, respectively). Similarly, lateral bone gain ranged from 0 to 0.4 mm, for both groups. To the contrary, the CBCT measurements showed a significantly greater increase in horizontal width in the control at -2 mm (0.95 ± 0.2 mm) compared with -0.62 mm for the OV (P = 0.000). Similar changes were observed at -5 mm (0.63 and -0.41 mm, respectively, P = 0.01). Sites volume had increased from 266 ± 149 mm3 to 360 ± 138 mm3 (P = 0.001) for FDBA/CM with negligible changes for OV (from 334 to 335 mm3 , P = 0.952). these between-group changes being statistically significant (P = 0.023). CONCLUSION FDBA/CM yielded better albeit moderate increase in the volume of the edentulous ridge, while OV scaffolds failed to produce similar results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Dowlatshahi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chia-Yu Chen
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hadar Zigdon-Giladi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion (Israel Institute of Technology), Haifa, Israel
| | - Jacob Horwitz
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion (Israel Institute of Technology), Haifa, Israel
| | - Chiho Ahn
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Kim
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eli E Machtei
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion (Israel Institute of Technology), Haifa, Israel
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Machtei EE, Romanos G, Kang P, Travan S, Schmidt S, Papathanasiou E, Tatarakis N, Tandlich M, Liberman LH, Horwitz J, Bassir SH, Myneni S, Shiau HJ, Shapira L, Donos N, Papas A, Meyle J, Giannobile WV, Papapanou PN, Kim DM. Repeated delivery of chlorhexidine chips for the treatment of peri-implantitis: A multicenter, randomized, comparative clinical trial. J Periodontol 2020; 92:11-20. [PMID: 33111988 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peri-implantitis is a challenging condition to manage and is frequently treated using non-surgical debridement. The local delivery of antimicrobial agents has demonstrated benefit in mild to moderate cases of peri-implantitis. This study compared the safety and efficacy of chlorhexidine gluconate 2.5 mg chip (CHX chips) as an adjunctive treatment to subgingival debridement in patients afflicted with peri-implantitis. METHODS A multicenter, randomized, single-blind, two-arm, parallel Phase-3 study was conducted. Peri-implantitis patients with implant pocket depths (IPD) of 5-8 mm underwent subgingival implant surface debridement followed by repeated bi-weekly supragingival plaque removal and chlorhexidine chips application (ChxC group) for 12 weeks, or similar therapy but without application of ChxC (control group). All patients were followed for 24 weeks. Plaque and gingival indices were measured at every visit whereas IPD, recession, and bleeding on probing were assessed at 8, 12, 16, 24 week. RESULTS A total of 290 patients were included: 146 in the ChxC group and 144 in the control. At 24 weeks, a significant reduction in IPD (P = 0.01) was measured in the ChxC group (1.76 ± 1.13 mm) compared with the control group (1.54 ± 1.13 mm). IPD reduction of ≥2 mm was found in 59% and 47.2% of the implants in the ChxC and control groups, respectively (P = 0.03). Changes in gingival recession (0.29 ± 0.68 mm versus 0.15 ± 0.55 mm, P = 0.015) and relative attachment gain (1.47 ± 1.32 mm and 1.39 ± 1.27 mm, P = 0.0017) were significantly larger in the ChxC group. Patients in the ChxC group that were < 65 years exhibited significantly better responses (P < 0.02); likewise, non-smokers had similarly better response (P < 0.02). Both protocols were well tolerated, and no severe treatment-related adverse events were recorded throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS Patients with peri-implantitis that were treated with an intensive treatment protocol of bi-weekly supragingival plaque removal and local application of chlorhexidine chips had greater mean IPD reduction and greater percentile of sites with IPD reduction of ≥2 mm as compared with bi-weekly supra-gingival plaque removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli E Machtei
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technion (I.I.T.), Rambam health care campus, Haifa, Israel.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Georgios Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Philip Kang
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Suncica Travan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Department of Periodontics, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen & Avadent, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Evangelos Papathanasiou
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nikolaos Tatarakis
- Center for Oral Clinical Research, Barts & The Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - Moshik Tandlich
- Department of Periodontology, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Jacob Horwitz
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technion (I.I.T.), Rambam health care campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Seyed Hossein Bassir
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Srinivas Myneni
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Harlan J Shiau
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA
| | - Lior Shapira
- Department of Periodontology, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nikos Donos
- Center for Oral Clinical Research, Barts & The Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - Athena Papas
- Division of Oral Medicine, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontics, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen & Avadent, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - William V Giannobile
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - David M Kim
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wada E, Onoue T, Kobayashi T, Handa T, Hayase A, Ito M, Furukawa M, Okuji T, Okada N, Iwama S, Sugiyama M, Tsunekawa T, Takagi H, Hagiwara D, Ito Y, Suga H, Banno R, Kuwatsuka Y, Ando M, Goto M, Arima H. Flash glucose monitoring helps achieve better glycemic control than conventional self-monitoring of blood glucose in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001115. [PMID: 32518063 PMCID: PMC7292039 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of flash glucose monitoring (FGM) and conventional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) on glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this 24-week, multicenter, open-label, randomized (1:1), parallel-group study, patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes at five hospitals in Japan were randomly assigned to the FGM (n=49) or SMBG (n=51) groups and were provided each device for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, and was compared using analysis of covariance model that included baseline values and group as covariates. RESULTS Forty-eight participants in the FGM group and 45 in the SMBG group completed the study. The mean HbA1c levels were 7.83% (62.1 mmol/mol) in the FGM group and 7.84% (62.2 mmol/mol) in the SMBG group at baseline, and the values were reduced in both FGM (-0.43% (-4.7 mmol/mol), p<0.001) and SMBG groups (-0.30% (-3.3 mmol/mol), p=0.001) at 12 weeks. On the other hand, HbA1c was significantly decreased from baseline values in the FGM group, but not in the SMBG group at 24 weeks (FGM: -0.46% (-5.0 mmol/mol), p<0.001; SMBG: -0.17% (-1.8 mmol/mol), p=0.124); a significant between-group difference was also observed (difference -0.29% (-3.2 mmol/mol), p=0.022). Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire score was significantly improved, and the mean glucose levels, SD of glucose, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions and time in hyperglycemia were significantly decreased in the FGM group compared with the SMBG group. CONCLUSIONS Glycemic control was better with FGM than with SMBG after cessation of glucose monitoring in patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000026452, jRCTs041180082.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Wada
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Onoue
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Handa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hayase
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mariko Furukawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okuji
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Okada
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shintaro Iwama
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mariko Sugiyama
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taku Tsunekawa
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of CKD Initiatives Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Suga
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Banno
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yachiyo Kuwatsuka
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ando
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motomitsu Goto
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Yoon SK, Bae KS, Hong DH, Kim SS, Choi YK, Lim HS. Pharmacokinetic Evaluation by Modeling and Simulation Analysis of a Donepezil Patch Formulation in Healthy Male Volunteers. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:1729-1737. [PMID: 32440098 PMCID: PMC7211298 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s244957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction This study characterized the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of a donepezil patch formulation currently under development, using mixed effect modeling analysis, and explored optimal patch dosing regimens in comparison with the donepezil oral formulation. Methods PK data used in this analysis were from 60 healthy Korean male subjects participating in two Phase I studies, where subjects received single or multiple doses of donepezil of 43.75, 87.5, and 175 mg via patches, and 12 of them received a single oral dose of 10 mg of donepezil, followed by a single dose of donepezil via a patch. Donepezil PKs were analyzed by nonlinear mixed effect modeling using NONMEM software. Results A well-stirred model with two-compartment distribution and delayed absorption was chosen as the best model for the oral formulation. The PKs of donepezil after the patch applications were best described by a two-compartment linear model with zero-order absorption (D2) and absorption delay. The relative bioavailability (BA) of donepezil after the patch application compared with oral dosing was described to be affected by the duration of patch application. Conclusion PK simulations based on the chosen PK models suggested that, overall, donepezil exposure in plasma is similar whether with 10 mg of oral donepezil every 24 h or a 175 mg patch every 72 h, and likewise with 5 mg of oral donepezil every 24 h or an 87.5 mg patch every 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Kyu Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Seop Bae
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Research, iCure Pharmaceutical Incorporated, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Su Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Research, iCure Pharmaceutical Incorporated, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kweon Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Research, iCure Pharmaceutical Incorporated, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Seok Lim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) form the adaptive immune system in archaea and bacteria and have been modified for genome engineering in eukaryotic cells. CRISPR systems contain 2 components, a single-guide RNA, which is a short RNA composed of a 20 nucleotide sequence that targets specific sites in the genomic DNA and a scaffold necessary for its binding to the CRISPR-associated endonuclease (Cas9). Because of its high efficiency and accuracy, the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing based therapies are poised to treat a multitude of human diseases with a promise to target previously "undruggable" proteins. As the first in-body clinical trial with CRISPR-Cas9 is embarked on, the risks associated with administering the genome editing machinery to patients become increasingly relevant. Recent studies have demonstrated an innate and adaptive cellular immune response to Cas9 in mouse models and the presence of anti-Cas9 antibodies and T-cells in human plasma. Pre-existing immunity against therapeutic Cas9 delivery could decrease its efficacy in vivo and may pose significant safety issues. This review focuses on the immunogenicity of the Cas9 protein and summarizes potential approaches to circumvent the problem of immune recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Mehta
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Asimakopoulou K, Nolan M, McCarthy C, Newton JT. The effect of risk communication on periodontal treatment outcomes: A randomized controlled trial. J Periodontol 2019; 90:948-956. [PMID: 30997690 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study determines the effects of a routine assessment (Treatment as Usual, TAU) versus a risk communication intervention (Risk) versus a Goal-Setting, Planning and Self-Monitoring (GPS) intervention on periodontal disease patients' clinical and psychological outcomes. METHODS In a three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT; registration: ISRCTN59696243) adults (N = 97) judged to have moderate oral hygiene attended a primary dental care setting for a standard consultation. Intervention participants received an individualized calculation of their periodontal disease risk using only the Previser Risk Calculator (Risk group) or supplemented with a GPS-behavioral intervention (GPS group). Clinical, behavioral and psychological measures were obtained at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks later. RESULTS Percent plaque reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in intervention groups but not in TAU group. Percent of sites bleeding-on-probing reduced in all groups, but the effect was more pronounced in the intervention groups. Interdental cleaning frequency improved only in the intervention groups (P < 0.05). Brushing frequency and probing depths showed little variation across time/groups. Disease risk and most thoughts about periodontal disease changed across time (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A simple behavioral intervention using individualized periodontal disease risk communication, with or without GPS, reduced plaque and bleeding and increased interdental cleaning over 12 weeks. This is the first study in the field to show that risk communication and behavioral techniques such as Goal-Setting, Planning and Self-Monitoring can improve periodontal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koula Asimakopoulou
- Dental Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Matthew Nolan
- Merivale Dental Practice, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Claire McCarthy
- Dental Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jonathan T Newton
- Dental Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Maher S, Walsh SJ, Takyi J, Wakai A, Brayden DJ, Hayden JC. Effect of Overencapsulation on the Disintegration and Dissolution of Licensed Formulations for Blinding in Randomized Controlled Trials. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:1227-1235. [PMID: 30385287 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Overencapsulation is a technique used to conceal tablet products for blinding in randomized controlled trials. A tablet is inserted in an opaque capsule shell with backfill excipient to prevent rattling. Regulatory authorities require evidence that such modification does not materially alter drug release to approve their use in trials. The objective of this study was to assess impact of overencapsulation on disintegration and dissolution of 4 immediate-release drug products (penicillin V, gemfibrozil, ciprofloxacin, and furosemide). Each unmodified tablet was compared to 3 overencapsulated tablets with differing backfill excipient (colloidal silica, lactose monohydrate, or microcrystalline cellulose). All 12 overencapsulated tablets met disintegration and dissolution acceptance criteria. Dissolution acceptance was dependent on apparatus as only 4/12 formulations met specifications using the rotating basket compared to 12/12 using the rotating paddle. Significant differences in release were observed at early time points (T5-T15). No correlation was observed between aqueous solubility and release, although dissolution of the lipophilic drug gemfibrozil was least impacted by overencapsulation. There was evidence that type/quantity of backfill delays release at early time points. These findings indicate that under the specified conditions, overencapsulated formulations of 4 drugs, 1 from each class of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, met compendial requirements for release testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Maher
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stephen J Walsh
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Josephine Takyi
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Abel Wakai
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Emergency Care Research Unit (ECRU), RCSI, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Emergency Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John C Hayden
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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