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Zhang Z, Said S, Lovett AJ, Jervis R, Shearing PR, Brett DJL, Miller TS. The Influence of Cathode Degradation Products on the Anode Interface in Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Nano 2024; 18:9389-9402. [PMID: 38507591 PMCID: PMC10993644 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Degradation of cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries results in the presence of transition metal ions in the electrolyte, and these ions are known to play a major role in capacity fade and cell failure. Yet, while it is known that transition metal ions migrate from the metal oxide cathode and deposit on the graphite anode, their specific influence on anode reactions and structures, such as the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), is still quite poorly understood due to the complexity in studying this interface in operational cells. In this work we combine operando electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM), electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements to probe the influence of a range of transition metal ions on the morphological, mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties of the SEI. By adding representative concentrations of Ni2+, Mn2+, and Co2+ ions into a commercially relevant battery electrolyte, the impacts of each on the formation and stability of the anode interface layer is revealed; all are shown to pose a threat to battery performance and stability. Mn2+, in particular, is shown to induce a thick, soft, and unstable SEI layer, which is known to cause severe degradation of batteries, while Co2+ and Ni2+ significantly impact interfacial conductivity. When transition metal ions are mixed, SEI degradation is amplified, suggesting a synergistic effect on the cell stability. Hence, by uncovering the roles these cathode degradation products play in operational batteries, we have provided a foundation upon which strategies to mitigate or eliminate these degradation products can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 ORA, U.K.
- Renewable
Energy Group, Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science
and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, U.K.
| | - Samia Said
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Adam J. Lovett
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 ORA, U.K.
| | - Rhodri Jervis
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 ORA, U.K.
| | - Paul R. Shearing
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 ORA, U.K.
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, U.K.
| | - Daniel J. L. Brett
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 ORA, U.K.
| | - Thomas S. Miller
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Becquerel Avenue, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 ORA, U.K.
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2
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He ZF, Lu YT, Wei TC, Hu CC. Complementary Operando Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance and UV/Vis Spectroscopic Studies: Acetate Effects on Zinc-Manganese Batteries. ChemSusChem 2023:e202300259. [PMID: 36869690 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-ion batteries, in which zinc ions and protons do intercalation and de-intercalation during battery cycling with various proposed mechanisms under debate, have been studied. Recently, electrolytic zinc-manganese batteries, exhibiting the pure dissolution-deposition behavior with a large charge capacity, have been accomplished through using electrolytes with Lewis acid. However, the complicated chemical environment and mixed products hinder the investigation though it is crucial to understand the detailed mechanism. Here, cyclic voltammetry coupled electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) are respectively, for the very first time, used to study the transition from zinc-ion batteries to zinc electrolytic batteries by the continuous addition of acetate ions. These complementary techniques operando trace the mass and the composition evolution. The observed formation and dissolution of zinc hydroxide sulfate (ZHS) and manganese oxides evince the effect of acetate ions on zinc-manganese batteries from an alternative perspective. Both the amount of acetate and the pH value have large impacts on the capacity and Coulombic efficiency of the MnO2 electrode, and thus they should be optimized when constructing a full zinc-manganese battery with high rate capability and reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Fan He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chien Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu, 300044, Taiwan
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3
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Bedendi G, De Moura Torquato LD, Webb S, Cadoux C, Kulkarni A, Sahin S, Maroni P, Milton RD, Grattieri M. Enzymatic and Microbial Electrochemistry: Approaches and Methods. ACS Meas Sci Au 2022; 2:517-541. [PMID: 36573075 PMCID: PMC9783092 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of enzymes and/or intact bacteria with electrodes has been vastly investigated due to the wide range of existing applications. These span from biomedical and biosensing to energy production purposes and bioelectrosynthesis, whether for theoretical research or pure applied industrial processes. Both enzymes and bacteria offer a potential biotechnological alternative to noble/rare metal-dependent catalytic processes. However, when developing these biohybrid electrochemical systems, it is of the utmost importance to investigate how the approaches utilized to couple biocatalysts and electrodes influence the resulting bioelectrocatalytic response. Accordingly, this tutorial review starts by recalling some basic principles and applications of bioelectrochemistry, presenting the electrode and/or biocatalyst modifications that facilitate the interaction between the biotic and abiotic components of bioelectrochemical systems. Focus is then directed toward the methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of enzyme/bacteria-electrode interaction and the insights that they provide. The basic concepts of electrochemical methods widely employed in enzymatic and microbial electrochemistry, such as amperometry and voltammetry, are initially presented to later focus on various complementary methods such as spectroelectrochemistry, fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy, and surface analytical/characterization techniques such as quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy. The tutorial review is thus aimed at students and graduate students approaching the field of enzymatic and microbial electrochemistry, while also providing a critical and up-to-date reference for senior researchers working in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Bedendi
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | - Sophie Webb
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Cadoux
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Amogh Kulkarni
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Selmihan Sahin
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Plinio Maroni
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Ross D. Milton
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- National
Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Grattieri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
- IPCF-CNR
Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
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4
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Escobar-Teran F, Perrot H, Sel O. Ion Dynamics at the Carbon Electrode/Electrolyte Interface: Influence of Carbon Nanotubes Types. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:1867. [PMID: 35269098 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and AC-electrogravimetry methods were employed to study ion dynamics in carbon nanotube base electrodes in NaCl aqueous electrolyte. Two types of carbon nanotubes, Double Wall Carbon Nanotube (DWCNT) and Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT), were chosen due to their variable morphology of pores and structure properties. The effect of pore morphology/structure on the capacitive charge storage mechanisms demonstrated that DWCNT base electrodes are the best candidates for energy storage applications in terms of current variation and specific surface area. Furthermore, the mass change obtained via EQCM showed that DWCNT films is 1.5 times greater than MWCNT films in the same potential range. In this way, the permselectivity of DWCNT films showed cation exchange preference at cathode potentials while MWCNT films showed anion exchange preference at anode potentials. The relative concentration obtained from AC-electrogravimetry confirm that DWCNT base electrodes are the best candidates for charge storage capacity electrodes, since they can accommodate higher concentration of charged species than MWCNT base electrodes.
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Sariyer S, Ghosh A, Dambasan SN, Halim EM, El Rhazi M, Perrot H, Sel O, Demir-Cakan R. Aqueous Multivalent Charge Storage Mechanism in Aromatic Diamine-Based Organic Electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:8508-8520. [PMID: 35119810 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable batteries employing aqueous electrolytes are more reliable and cost-effective as well as possess high ionic conductivity compared to the flammable organic electrolyte solutions. Among these types of batteries, aqueous batteries with multivalent ions attract more attention in terms of providing high energy density. Herein, electrochemical behavior of an organic electrode based on a highly aromatic polymer containing 2,3-diaminophenazine repeating unit, namely poly(ortho-phenylenediamine) (PoPD), is tested in two different multivalent ions (Zn2+ and Al3+) containing aqueous electrolytes, that is, in zinc sulfate and aluminum chloride solutions. PoPD is synthesized via electropolymerization, and its ion transport and storage mechanism are comprehensively investigated by structural and electrochemical analyses. The electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, time-dependent Fourier transform infrared, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses as well as ex situ X-ray diffraction observations established that along with the Zn2+ or Al3+ ions, reversible proton insertion/extraction also takes place. Contrary to the most of the organic electrodes that requires the use of conductive carbon additives, the electrodeposited PoPD electrode is intrinsically electrically conductive enough, resulting in a binder and additive free electrode assembly. In addition, its discharge products do not dissolve in aqueous medium. As a whole, the resulting PoPD electrode delivers excellent rate performances with prolonged cycle life in which discharge capacities of ∼110 mAh g-1 in 0.25 M AlCl3 and ∼93 mAh g-1 in 1 M ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte after 1000 cycles at a current density of 5C have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Sariyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Arpita Ghosh
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, LISE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sevde Nazli Dambasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - El Mahdi Halim
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, LISE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Materials, Membranes and Environment - BP 146, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Hassan II of Casablanca, 20650 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Mama El Rhazi
- Laboratory of Materials, Membranes and Environment - BP 146, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Hassan II of Casablanca, 20650 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Hubert Perrot
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, LISE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ozlem Sel
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, LISE, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rezan Demir-Cakan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Wu Y, Ye J, Jiang G, Ni K, Shu N, Taberna P, Zhu Y, Simon P. Electrochemical Characterization of Single Layer Graphene/Electrolyte Interface: Effect of Solvent on the Interfacial Capacitance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13317-13322. [PMID: 33555100 PMCID: PMC8252098 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of the basic understanding of the charge storage mechanisms in electrodes for energy storage applications needs deep characterization of the electrode/electrolyte interface. In this work, we studied the charge of the double layer capacitance at single layer graphene (SLG) electrode used as a model material, in neat (EMIm-TFSI) and solvated (with acetonitrile) ionic liquid electrodes. The combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and gravimetric electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements evidence that the presence of solvent drastically increases the charge carrier density at the SLG/ionic liquid interface. The capacitance is thus governed not only by the electronic properties of the graphene, but also by the specific organization of the electrolyte side at the SLG surface originating from the strong interactions existing between the EMIm+ cations and SLG surface. EQCM measurements also show that the carbon structure, with the presence of sp2 carbons, affects the charge storage mechanism by favoring counter-ion adsorption on SLG electrode versus ion exchange mechanism in amorphous porous carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih‐Chyng Wu
- Université Paul SabatierCIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085118 route de Narbonne31062ToulouseFrance
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)FR CNRS 3459France
| | - Jianglin Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, &CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, &Department of Materials Science and Engineering, &iChEMUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Gengping Jiang
- College of ScienceWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430080China
| | - Kun Ni
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, &CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, &Department of Materials Science and Engineering, &iChEMUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Na Shu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, &CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, &Department of Materials Science and Engineering, &iChEMUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Pierre‐Louis Taberna
- Université Paul SabatierCIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085118 route de Narbonne31062ToulouseFrance
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)FR CNRS 3459France
| | - Yanwu Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, &CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, &Department of Materials Science and Engineering, &iChEMUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Patrice Simon
- Université Paul SabatierCIRIMAT UMR CNRS 5085118 route de Narbonne31062ToulouseFrance
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E)FR CNRS 3459France
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7
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Lu X, Abruña HD. Anion Exchange and Water Dynamics in a Phosphonium-Based Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane Material for Fuel Cells: An Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:10979-10986. [PMID: 33620201 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The anion exchange and water dynamics of a phosphonium-based alkaline anion exchange membrane (AAEM) during the methanol oxidation process have been studied with the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The viscoelastic effects of the phosphonium-based AAEM in water and the optimal film thickness for EQCM analysis were identified by acoustic impedance analysis. The phosphonium-based AAEM exhibited stronger mechanical toughness in water when compared to a quaternary-ammonium-based membrane that was studied previously. From the simultaneous measurement of the electrochemical response and the frequency changes of the quartz crystal oscillator, water ingress/egress to/from the AAEM film was found to accompany the hydrogen adsorption/desorption, Pt oxidation process, and methanol oxidation process. The in situ study of AAEM films helps illustrate the critical role that water transport plays in electrochemical processes during the operation of anion exchange membrane fuel cells. The generated CO32- and HCOO-, during methanol oxidation, were absorbed into the AAEM film, replacing the OH- in the film, as shown by the decrease in frequency after one potential cycle. The exchange of OH- by CO32- and HCOO- was found to be reversible. These results provide insights into the anion exchange processes in membranes and emphasize the importance of characterizing the hydrated membranes under electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Héctor D Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Montes-Rojas A, Ramírez-Orizaga M, Ávila-Rodríguez JG, Torres-Rodríguez LM. Study of Polyaniline/Poly(Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate) Composite Deposits Using an Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance for the Modification of a Commercial Anion Exchange Membrane. Membranes (Basel) 2020; 10:E387. [PMID: 33266283 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the intended applications for the modification of ion exchange membranes with polyaniline (PAni) is to use it as a matrix to include chemical species that confer a special property such as resistance to fouling or ion selectivity. In particular, the inclusion of polyelectrolyte molecules into the PAni matrix appears to be the way to modulate these properties of selective membranes. Therefore, it must be clearly understood how the polyelectrolyte is incorporated into the matrix of polyaniline. Among the results obtained in this paper using poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, the amount of polyelectrolyte incorporated into PAni is found to be proportional to the PSS concentration in solution if its value is between 0 and 20 mM, while it reaches a maximum value when the PSS in solution is greater than 20 mM. When the anion exchange membranes are modified with these composite deposits, the transport number of chloride was found to decrease progressively (when the PSS concentration in solution is between 0 and 20 mM) to reach a practically constant value when a concentration of PSS greater than 20 mM was used.
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Medina AS, Tibbits G, Wall NA, Ivory CF, Clark SB, Beyenal H. Electrochemical precipitation of neptunium with a micro electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020; 324:1021-1030. [PMID: 32601515 PMCID: PMC7323927 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microliter volumes are used in electrochemical detection and preconcentration of radionuclides to reduce the dose received by researchers and equipment. Unfortunately, there is a lack of analysis of radionuclides with coupled electrochemical techniques and microliter volume reactors. The goals of this work are 1) to develop a miniaturized micro-electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (µeQCM) reactor for use in small volume (50-200 µL) electrogravimetric experiments and 2) to use this reactor to characterize the preconcentration of neptunium on carbon electrodes via electroprecipitation. We successfully deposited neptunium in the new µeQCM reactor and verified its operation. We found that preconcentration of neptunium on carbon coated electrodes was possible by chronoamperometry at -1.6 VAg/AgCl. The mass shift of the resulting precipitate was indicative of the amount of neptunium on the electrode, although the correlation between the mass increase and activity of the preconcentrated material was not linear. Neptunium precipitate reduced electron transfer to the solution as evidenced by the increase in charge transfer resistance compared to bare electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adan Schafer Medina
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Gretchen Tibbits
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Nathalie A. Wall
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Cornelius F. Ivory
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Sue B. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Energy & Environment Directorate, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Mateos M, Meunier-Prest R, Heintz O, Herbst F, Suisse JM, Bouvet M. Comprehensive Study of Poly(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroaniline): From Electrosynthesis to Heterojunctions and Ammonia Sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:19974-19986. [PMID: 29737156 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report for the first time on a comprehensive study of poly(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroaniline) (PTFANI). Contrary to the nonfluorinated polyaniline (PANI) or its analogues bearing one fluorine atom, PTFANI is a poorly conductive material. We present a comprehensive study of the electrosynthesized PTFANI from its monomer in an acidic aqueous medium. PTFANI was fully characterized by a potential-pH diagram, spectroelectrochemistry, and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements, as well as by a morphological study. Combined with the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, it allowed us to understand the redox properties of this polymer compared to those of the unsubstituted PANI. At pH < 1.85, no proton transfer occurred during the electrochemical process, but the insertion of anions at the site of the protonated imines was demonstrated through the EQCM and XPS experiments. PTFANI showed a lower ratio of 1 ClO4- per 3 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroaniline units compared to that of PANI. The behavior at pH > 1.85 was different; no anion upload was observed during the electron transfer, but 1 H+ per electron was involved during the transition between the leucoemeraldine and emeraldine base forms. It should also be noted that the oxidation of the emeraldine into the pernigraniline form was not accessible in PTFANI because of the electron-withdrawing effects of the fluorine atoms. However, we took advantage of the unique behavior of PTFANI to build heterojunctions, by combining with a highly conductive molecular material, namely lutetium bisphthalocyanine, LuPc2. The obtained double-lateral heterojunction exhibited a particularly interesting sensitivity to ammonia, even under humid atmospheres, with a limit of detection of 450 ppb. This work paves the way for the use of PTFANI in other electronic devices and as a sensor not only in the field of air quality monitoring but also in the field of health diagnosis in measuring the human breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Mateos
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) , UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21078 Dijon cedex , France
| | - Rita Meunier-Prest
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) , UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21078 Dijon cedex , France
| | - Olivier Heintz
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB) , UMR CNRS 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21078 Dijon cedex , France
| | - Frederic Herbst
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB) , UMR CNRS 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21078 Dijon cedex , France
| | - Jean-Moïse Suisse
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) , UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21078 Dijon cedex , France
| | - Marcel Bouvet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) , UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21078 Dijon cedex , France
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11
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Singh AK, Singh M. Electrochemical and piezoelectric monitoring of taurine via electropolymerized molecularly imprinted films. J Mol Recognit 2017; 30. [PMID: 28703408 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A molecularly imprinted electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) sensor is fabricated here for taurine, a β-amino acid significant for functioning of almost all vital organs. The polymeric film of l-methionine was electrochemically deposited on gold-coated EQCM electrode. Experimental parameters were optimized for controlling the performance of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-modified sensor such as ratio of monomer and template, number of electropolymerization cycles, mass deposited in each cycle, and pH. Thus, fabricated MIP-EQCM sensor was successfully applied for estimation of taurine in solutions with varying matrices, such as aqueous, human blood plasma, milk from cow, buffalo, and milk powder. Under optimized parameters, response of MIP sensor to taurine was linearly proportional to its concentration with limit of detection as 0.12μM. Hence, a highly sensitive and selective piezoelectric sensor for taurine has been reported here via imprinting approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meenakshi Singh
- Department of Chemistry, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Yang Z, Dixon MC, Erck RA, Trahey L. Quantification of the Mass and Viscoelasticity of Interfacial Films on Tin Anodes Using EQCM-D. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:26585-26594. [PMID: 26600393 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance coupled with dissipation (EQCM-D) is employed to investigate the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and Li insertion/deinsertion into thin film electrodes of tin. Based on the frequency change we find that the initial SEI formation process is rapid before Li insertion but varies significantly with increasing concentration of the additive fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in the electrolyte. The extent of dissipation, which represents the film rigidity, increases with cycle number, reflecting film thickening and softening. Dissipation values are almost twice as large in the baseline electrolyte (1.2 M LiPF6 in 3:7 wt % ethylene carbonate:ethyl methyl carbonate), indicating the film in baseline electrolyte is roughly twice as soft as in the FEC-containing cells. More importantly, we detail how quantitative data about mass, thickness, shear elastic modulus, and shear viscosity in a time-resolved manner can be obtained from the EQCM-D response. These parameters were extracted from the frequency and dissipation results at multiple harmonics using the Sauerbrey and Voigt viscoelastic models. From these modeled results we show the dynamic mass changes for each half cycle. We also demonstrate that different amounts of FEC additive influence the SEI formation behavior and result in differences in the estimated mass, shear modulus and viscosity. After three cycles, the film in baseline electrolyte exhibits a 1.2 times larger mass change compared with the film in the FEC-containing electrolyte. The shear elastic modulus of films formed in the presence of FEC is larger than in the baseline electrolyte at early stages of lithiation. Also with lithiation is a marked increase in film viscosity, which together point to a much stiffer and more homogeneous SEI formed in the presence of FEC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew C Dixon
- Biolin Scientific, Inc. , 514 Progress Drive, Suite G, Linthicum Heights, Maryland 21090, United States
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Yang Z, Gewirth AA, Trahey L. Investigation of fluoroethylene carbonate effects on tin-based lithium-ion battery electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:6557-6566. [PMID: 25741901 DOI: 10.1021/am508593s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electroless plating of tin on copper foil (2-D) and foams (3-D) was used to create carbon- and binder-free thin films for solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) property investigation. When electrochemically cycled vs lithium metal in coin cells, the foam electrodes exhibited better cycling performance than the planar electrodes due to electrode curvature. The effect of the additive/cosolvent fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) was found to drastically improve the capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency of the cells. The additive amount of 2% FEC is enough to derive the benefits in the cells at a slow (C/9) cycling rate. The interfacial properties of Sn thin film electrodes in electrolyte with/without FEC additive were investigated using in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (EQCM-D). The processes of the decomposition of the electrolyte on the electrode surface and Li alloying/dealloying with Sn were characterized quantitatively by surface mass change at the molecular level. FEC-containing electrolytes deposited less than electrolyte without FEC on the initial reduction sweep, yet increased the overall thickness/mass of SEI after several cyclic voltammetry cycles. EQCM-D studies demonstrate that the mass accumulated per mole of electrons (mpe) was varied in different voltage ranges, which reveals that the reduction products of the electrolyte with/without FEC are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yang
- †Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrew A Gewirth
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lynn Trahey
- †Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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Mei B, Permyakova AA, Frydendal R, Bae D, Pedersen T, Malacrida P, Hansen O, Stephens IEL, Vesborg PCK, Seger B, Chorkendorff I. Iron-Treated NiO as a Highly Transparent p-Type Protection Layer for Efficient Si-Based Photoanodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3456-61. [PMID: 26278593 DOI: 10.1021/jz501872k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sputter deposition of 50 nm thick NiO films on p(+)-n-Si and subsequent treatment in an Fe-containing electrolyte yielded highly transparent photoanodes capable of water oxidation (OER) in alkaline media (1 M KOH) with high efficiency and stability. The Fe treatment of NiO thin films enabled Si-based photoanode assemblies to obtain a current density of 10 mA/cm(2) (requirement for >10% efficient devices) at 1.15 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) under red-light (38.6 mW/cm(2)) irradiation. Thus, the photoanodes were harvesting ∼80 mV of free energy (voltage), which places them among the best-performing Si-based photoanodes in alkaline media. The stability was proven by chronoamperometry at 1.3 V versus RHE for 300 h. Furthermore, measurements with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalances coupled with ICP-MS showed minor corrosion under dark operation. Extrapolation of the corrosion rate showed stability for more than 2000 days of continuous operation. Therefore, protection by Fe-treated NiO films is a promising strategy to achieve highly efficient and stable photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Mei
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anastasia A Permyakova
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Frydendal
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dowon Bae
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Pedersen
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paolo Malacrida
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ole Hansen
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ifan E L Stephens
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter C K Vesborg
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Brian Seger
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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