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Perret C. Editorial: Emerging infections in children. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1168697. [PMID: 36969280 PMCID: PMC10036902 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1168697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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Temple C, Blouin AG, De Jonghe K, Foucart Y, Botermans M, Westenberg M, Schoen R, Gentit P, Visage M, Verdin E, Wipf-Scheibel C, Ziebell H, Gaafar YZA, Zia A, Yan XH, Richert-Pöggeler KR, Ulrich R, Rivarez MPS, Kutnjak D, Vučurović A, Massart S. Biological and Genetic Characterization of Physostegia Chlorotic Mottle Virus in Europe Based on Host Range, Location, and Time. Plant Dis 2022; 106:2797-2807. [PMID: 35394335 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-21-2800-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Application of high throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies enabled the first identification of Physostegia chlorotic mottle virus (PhCMoV) in 2018 in Austria. Subsequently, PhCMoV was detected in Germany and Serbia on tomatoes showing severe fruit mottling and ripening anomalies. We report here how prepublication data-sharing resulted in an international collaboration across eight laboratories in five countries, enabling an in-depth characterization of PhCMoV. The independent studies converged toward its recent identification in eight additional European countries and confirmed its presence in samples collected 20 years ago (2002). The natural plant host range was expanded from two to nine species across seven families, and we confirmed the association of PhCMoV presence with severe fruit symptoms on economically important crops such as tomato, eggplant, and cucumber. Mechanical inoculations of selected isolates in the greenhouse established the causality of the symptoms on a new indexing host range. In addition, phylogenetic analysis showed a low genomic variation across the 29 near-complete genome sequences available. Furthermore, a strong selection pressure within a specific ecosystem was suggested by nearly identical sequences recovered from different host plants through time. Overall, this study describes the European distribution of PhCMoV on multiple plant hosts, including economically important crops on which the virus can cause severe fruit symptoms. This work demonstrates how to efficiently improve knowledge on an emergent pathogen by sharing HTS data and provides a solid knowledge foundation for further studies on plant rhabdoviruses.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Temple
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, TERRA-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULIEGE), Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Arnaud G Blouin
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, TERRA-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULIEGE), Gembloux 5030, Belgium
- Plant Protection Department, Agroscope, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Kris De Jonghe
- Plant Sciences Unit, Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Yoika Foucart
- Plant Sciences Unit, Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Marleen Botermans
- National Reference Centre of Plant Health, National Plant Protection Organization of the Netherlands, 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Westenberg
- National Reference Centre of Plant Health, National Plant Protection Organization of the Netherlands, 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben Schoen
- National Reference Centre of Plant Health, National Plant Protection Organization of the Netherlands, 6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Gentit
- Laboratoire de santé des végétaux, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Angers 49100, France
| | - Michèle Visage
- Laboratoire de santé des végétaux, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Angers 49100, France
| | - Eric Verdin
- Unité de Pathologie Végétale, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Avignon 84000, France
| | - Catherine Wipf-Scheibel
- Unité de Pathologie Végétale, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), Avignon 84000, France
| | - Heiko Ziebell
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig 38104, Germany
| | - Yahya Z A Gaafar
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig 38104, Germany
| | - Amjad Zia
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig 38104, Germany
| | - Xiao-Hua Yan
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig 38104, Germany
| | - Katja R Richert-Pöggeler
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig 38104, Germany
| | | | - Mark Paul S Rivarez
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology (NIB), Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Denis Kutnjak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology (NIB), Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Ana Vučurović
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology (NIB), Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Sébastien Massart
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, TERRA-Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège (ULIEGE), Gembloux 5030, Belgium
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Donnik IM, Chvala IA, Kish LK, Ermakov AM. Coronavirus Infections in Animals: Risks of Direct and Reverse Zoonoses. Her Russ Acad Sci 2022; 92:491-496. [PMID: 36091853 PMCID: PMC9447960 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331622040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The publications on animal coronavirus infections that have the greatest emerging potential, as well as official data from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) on cases of animal infection with COVID-19, are analyzed. Like most infectious diseases common to humans, coronavirus infections were first discovered in animals. Due to the increased rate of replication and recombination activity compared to other viruses, mutations occur more often in the genome of coronaviruses, which contribute to the acquisition of new qualities in order to consolidate in the host organism. Examples of cross-species transmission are not only SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, which are dangerous to humans, but also coronaviruses of agricultural and domestic animals, between which there is a genetic relationship. There are several known cases of zoo, wild, domestic, and farm animals displaying symptoms characteristic of COVID-19 and identification of the genome of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in them. The issue of cross-species transmission of coronavirus infections, in particular the reverse zoonosis of SARS-CoV-2 from animals to humans, is widely discussed. According to the conclusions of many researchers, including OIE experts, there is no direct evidence base for infection of humans with COVID-19 from animals. However, people with suspected COVID-19 and with a confirmed diagnosis are still advised to isolate not only from people but also from animals. A number of methods for specific prevention, diagnosis, and immunization against a wide range of coronavirus infections are being developed at the All-Russia Research Institute for Animal Protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I. A. Chvala
- Federal Center for Animal Health, All-Russia Research Institute for Animal Protection (ARRIAH), Vladimir, Russia
| | - L. K. Kish
- Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (VGNKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - A. M. Ermakov
- Don State Technical University (DSTU), Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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Valerdi KM, Hage A, van Tol S, Rajsbaum R, Giraldo MI. The Role of the Host Ubiquitin System in Promoting Replication of Emergent Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:369. [PMID: 33652634 PMCID: PMC7996891 DOI: 10.3390/v13030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination of proteins is a post-translational modification process with many different cellular functions, including protein stability, immune signaling, antiviral functions and virus replication. While ubiquitination of viral proteins can be used by the host as a defense mechanism by destroying the incoming pathogen, viruses have adapted to take advantage of this cellular process. The ubiquitin system can be hijacked by viruses to enhance various steps of the replication cycle and increase pathogenesis. Emerging viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), flaviviruses like Zika and dengue, as well as highly pathogenic viruses like Ebola and Nipah, have the ability to directly use the ubiquitination process to enhance their viral-replication cycle, and evade immune responses. Some of these mechanisms are conserved among different virus families, especially early during virus entry, providing an opportunity to develop broad-spectrum antivirals. Here, we discuss the mechanisms used by emergent viruses to exploit the host ubiquitin system, with the main focus on the role of ubiquitin in enhancing virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl M. Valerdi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (K.M.V.); (A.H.); (S.v.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Adam Hage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (K.M.V.); (A.H.); (S.v.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Sarah van Tol
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (K.M.V.); (A.H.); (S.v.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Ricardo Rajsbaum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (K.M.V.); (A.H.); (S.v.T.); (R.R.)
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Maria I. Giraldo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (K.M.V.); (A.H.); (S.v.T.); (R.R.)
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Silva NIO, de Oliveira JS, Kroon EG, Trindade GDS, Drumond BP. Here, There, and Everywhere: The Wide Host Range and Geographic Distribution of Zoonotic Orthopoxviruses. Viruses 2020; 13:E43. [PMID: 33396609 PMCID: PMC7823380 DOI: 10.3390/v13010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of zoonotic viruses, including poxviruses, poses one of the greatest threats to human and animal health. Forty years after the eradication of smallpox, emerging zoonotic orthopoxviruses, such as monkeypox, cowpox, and vaccinia viruses continue to infect humans as well as wild and domestic animals. Currently, the geographical distribution of poxviruses in a broad range of hosts worldwide raises concerns regarding the possibility of outbreaks or viral dissemination to new geographical regions. Here, we review the global host ranges and current epidemiological understanding of zoonotic orthopoxviruses while focusing on orthopoxviruses with epidemic potential, including monkeypox, cowpox, and vaccinia viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (N.I.O.S.); (J.S.d.O.); (E.G.K.); (G.d.S.T.)
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Sánchez-Campos S, Domínguez-Huerta G, Díaz-Martínez L, Tomás DM, Navas-Castillo J, Moriones E, Grande-Pérez A. Differential Shape of Geminivirus Mutant Spectra Across Cultivated and Wild Hosts With Invariant Viral Consensus Sequences. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:932. [PMID: 30013589 PMCID: PMC6036239 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Geminiviruses (family Geminiviridae) possess single-stranded circular DNA genomes that are replicated by cellular polymerases in plant host cell nuclei. In their hosts, geminivirus populations behave as ensembles of mutant and recombinant genomes, known as viral quasispecies. This favors the emergence of new geminiviruses with altered host range, facilitating new or more severe diseases or overcoming resistance traits. In warm and temperate areas several whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses of the genus Begomovirus cause the tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) with significant economic consequences. TYLCD is frequently controlled in commercial tomatoes by using the dominant Ty-1 resistance gene. Over a 45 day period we have studied the diversification of three begomoviruses causing TYLCD: tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) and tomato yellow leaf curl Malaga virus (TYLCMaV, a natural recombinant between TYLCV and TYLCSV). Viral quasispecies resulting from inoculation of geminivirus infectious clones were examined in plants of susceptible tomato (ty-1/ty-1), heterozygous resistant tomato (Ty-1/ty-1), common bean, and the wild reservoir Solanum nigrum. Differences in virus fitness across hosts were observed while viral consensus sequences remained invariant. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of the quasispecies were high, especially in common bean and the wild host. Interestingly, the presence or absence of the Ty-1 allele in tomato did not lead to differences in begomovirus mutant spectra. However, the fitness decrease of TYLCSV and TYLCV in tomato at 45 dpi might be related to an increase in CP (Coat protein) mutation frequency. In Solanum nigrum the recombinant TYLCMaV, which showed lower fitness than TYLCSV, at 45 dpi actively explored Rep (Replication associated protein) ORF but not the overlapping C4. Our results underline the importance of begomovirus mutant spectra during infections. This is especially relevant in the wild reservoir of the viruses, which has the potential to maintain highly diverse mutant spectra without modifying their consensus sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sánchez-Campos
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora,” Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga, Estación Experimental “La Mayora,” Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Domínguez-Huerta
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora,” Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga, Estación Experimental “La Mayora,” Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora,” Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga, Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Díaz-Martínez
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora,” Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga, Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego M. Tomás
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora,” Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga, Estación Experimental “La Mayora,” Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Navas-Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora,” Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga, Estación Experimental “La Mayora,” Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Moriones
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora,” Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga, Estación Experimental “La Mayora,” Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Grande-Pérez
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora,” Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga, Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
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Jeziorski E, Foulongne V, Ludwig C, Louhaem D, Rodiere M, Sitbon M, Courgnaud V. Searching for Common Mammalian Retroviruses in Pediatric Idiopathic Diseases. Viruses 2016; 8:86. [PMID: 27102168 DOI: 10.3390/v8030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian retroviruses cause a variety of diseases in their hosts, including hematological and immunodeficiency disorders. Both human T-cell leukemia (HTLV) and human immunodeficiency (HIV) viruses originated from several independent zoonotic transmissions, indicating that cross-species transmissions from animal to humans may still occur. Thus, as the risk for retroviral transmissions from animals to humans increase, we investigated whether mammalian retroviruses are involved in selected pediatric idiopathic diseases whose symptoms evoke retroviral infections. Blood samples, sera, and synovial fluids, or bone marrow cells were collected from pediatric patients under 18 years of age with different autoimmune idiopathic diseases. Overall, we screened clinical samples from 110 children using sensitive nested and semi-nested PCR strategies targeting env genes, and a C-type retrovirus reverse transcriptase (RT) activity kit. All clinical samples were free of retroviral signatures, indicating the unlikelihood of an etiological role of the retroviruses we assessed in the pediatric diseases we tested.
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Lalić J, Agudelo-Romero P, Carrasco P, Elena SF. Adaptation of tobacco etch potyvirus to a susceptible ecotype of Arabidopsis thaliana capacitates it for systemic infection of resistant ecotypes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2010; 365:1997-2007. [PMID: 20478894 PMCID: PMC2880108 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral pathogens continue to emerge among humans, domesticated animals and cultivated crops. The existence of genetic variance for resistance in the host population is crucial to the spread of an emerging virus. Models predict that rapid spread decreases with the frequency and diversity of resistance alleles in the host population. However, empirical tests of this hypothesis are scarce. Arabiodpsis thaliana--tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) provides an experimentally suitable pathosystem to explore the interplay between genetic variation in host's susceptibility and virus diversity. Systemic infection of A. thaliana with TEV is controlled by three dominant loci, with different ecotypes varying in susceptibility depending on the genetic constitution at these three loci. Here, we show that the TEV adaptation to a susceptible ecotype allowed the virus to successfully infect, replicate and induce symptoms in ecotypes that were fully resistant to the ancestral virus. The value of these results is twofold. First, we showed that the existence of partially susceptible individuals allows for the emerging virus to bypass resistance alleles that the virus has never encountered. Second, the concept of resistance genes may only be valid for a well-defined viral genotype but not for polymorphic viral populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Lalić
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UPV, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UPV, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Purificación Carrasco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UPV, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago F. Elena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UPV, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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