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Jucker T, Wintle B, Shackelford G, Bocquillon P, Geffert JL, Kasoar T, Kovacs E, Mumby HS, Orland C, Schleicher J, Tew ER, Zabala A, Amano T, Bell A, Bongalov B, Chambers JM, Corrigan C, Durán AP, Duvic-Paoli LA, Emilson C, Emilson EJS, da Silva JF, Garnett EE, Green EJ, Guth MK, Hacket-Pain A, Hinsley A, Igea J, Kunz M, Luke SH, Lynam W, Martin PA, Nunes MH, Ockendon N, Pavitt A, Payne CLR, Plutshack V, Rademacher TT, Robertson RJ, Rose DC, Serban A, Simmons BI, Tayleur C, Wordley CFR, Mukherjee N. Ten-year assessment of the 100 priority questions for global biodiversity conservation. Conserv Biol 2018; 32:1457-1463. [PMID: 29923638 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In 2008, a group of conservation scientists compiled a list of 100 priority questions for the conservation of the world's biodiversity. However, now almost a decade later, no one has yet published a study gauging how much progress has been made in addressing these 100 high-priority questions in the peer-reviewed literature. We took a first step toward reexamining the 100 questions to identify key knowledge gaps that remain. Through a combination of a questionnaire and a literature review, we evaluated each question on the basis of 2 criteria: relevance and effort. We defined highly relevant questions as those that - if answered - would have the greatest impact on global biodiversity conservation and quantified effort based on the number of review publications addressing a particular question, which we used as a proxy for research effort. Using this approach, we identified a set of questions that, despite being perceived as highly relevant, have been the focus of relatively few review publications over the past 10 years. These questions covered a broad range of topics but predominantly tackled 3 major themes: conservation and management of freshwater ecosystems, role of societal structures in shaping interactions between people and the environment, and impacts of conservation interventions. We believe these questions represent important knowledge gaps that have received insufficient attention and may need to be prioritized in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Jucker
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, U.K
- CSIRO Land & Water, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia
| | - Bonnie Wintle
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, Cambridge, U.K
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gorm Shackelford
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
| | - Pierre Bocquillon
- School of Politics, Philosophy, Language and Communication Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
- Department of Land Economy, Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance, University of Cambridge, 16-21 Silver Street, Cambridge, CB3 9EP, U.K
| | - Jan Laurens Geffert
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, 20 Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 1QB, U.K
- UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
| | - Tim Kasoar
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
| | - Eszter Kovacs
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, 20 Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 1QB, U.K
- Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8, Budapest, 1093, Hungary
| | - Hannah S Mumby
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
- Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Wallotstraße 19, 14193 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chloé Orland
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Judith Schleicher
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, 20 Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 1QB, U.K
- UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
| | - Eleanor R Tew
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
| | - Aiora Zabala
- Department of Land Economy, Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance, University of Cambridge, 16-21 Silver Street, Cambridge, CB3 9EP, U.K
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, Cambridge, U.K
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
| | - Alexandra Bell
- Ministerium für Umwelt, Energie, Ernährung und Forsten, Rheinland Pfalz, Kaiser-Friedrich-Straße 1, 55116 Mainz, Germany
| | - Boris Bongalov
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Josephine M Chambers
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, 20 Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 1QB, U.K
| | - Colleen Corrigan
- UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - América P Durán
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
- UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
- Luc Hoffmann Institute, c/o WWF International, Avenue du Mont Blanc, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
| | - Leslie-Anne Duvic-Paoli
- Department of Land Economy, Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance, University of Cambridge, 16-21 Silver Street, Cambridge, CB3 9EP, U.K
| | - Caroline Emilson
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Erik J S Emilson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, U.K
- Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | | | - Emma E Garnett
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
| | - Elizabeth J Green
- UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
| | - Miriam K Guth
- UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Science, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool Merseyside, L69 3GP, U.K
| | - Amy Hinsley
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Conservation Science, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, U.K
| | - Javier Igea
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Martina Kunz
- Department of Land Economy, Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance, University of Cambridge, 16-21 Silver Street, Cambridge, CB3 9EP, U.K
| | - Sarah H Luke
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, The University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, U.K
| | - William Lynam
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Philip A Martin
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
| | - Matheus H Nunes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Nancy Ockendon
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
| | - Aly Pavitt
- UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K
| | - Charlotte L R Payne
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
| | - Victoria Plutshack
- Department of Land Economy, Cambridge Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance, University of Cambridge, 16-21 Silver Street, Cambridge, CB3 9EP, U.K
| | - Tim T Rademacher
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, 20 Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 1QB, U.K
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
- School of Informatics and Cyber Security and Centre for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, 1295 Knoles Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, U.S.A
| | - Rebecca J Robertson
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
| | - David C Rose
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Anca Serban
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, 20 Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 1QB, U.K
| | - Benno I Simmons
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
| | - Catherine Tayleur
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Potton Road, Sandy, Bedfordshire, SG19 2DL, U.K
| | - Claire F R Wordley
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
| | - Nibedita Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Treliever Road, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
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Prescott GW, Sutherland WJ, Aguirre D, Baird M, Bowman V, Brunner J, Connette GM, Cosier M, Dapice D, De Alban JDT, Diment A, Fogerite J, Fox J, Hlaing W, Htun S, Hurd J, LaJeunesse Connette K, Lasmana F, Lim CL, Lynam A, Maung AC, McCarron B, McCarthy JF, McShea WJ, Momberg F, Mon MS, Myint T, Oberndorf R, Oo TN, Phelps J, Rao M, Schmidt-Vogt D, Speechly H, Springate-Baginski O, Steinmetz R, Talbott K, Than MM, Thaung TL, Thawng SCL, Thein KM, Thein S, Tizard R, Whitten T, Williams G, Wilson T, Woods K, Ziegler AD, Zrust M, Webb EL. Political transition and emergent forest-conservation issues in Myanmar. Conserv Biol 2017; 31:1257-1270. [PMID: 29030915 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Political and economic transitions have had substantial impacts on forest conservation. Where transitions are underway or anticipated, historical precedent and methods for systematically assessing future trends should be used to anticipate likely threats to forest conservation and design appropriate and prescient policy measures to counteract them. Myanmar is transitioning from an authoritarian, centralized state with a highly regulated economy to a more decentralized and economically liberal democracy and is working to end a long-running civil war. With these transitions in mind, we used a horizon-scanning approach to assess the 40 emerging issues most affecting Myanmar's forests, including internal conflict, land-tenure insecurity, large-scale agricultural development, demise of state timber enterprises, shortfalls in government revenue and capacity, and opening of new deforestation frontiers with new roads, mines, and hydroelectric dams. Averting these threats will require, for example, overhauling governance models, building capacity, improving infrastructure- and energy-project planning, and reforming land-tenure and environmental-protection laws. Although challenges to conservation in Myanmar are daunting, the political transition offers an opportunity for conservationists and researchers to help shape a future that enhances Myanmar's social, economic, and environmental potential while learning and applying lessons from other countries. Our approach and results are relevant to other countries undergoing similar transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham W Prescott
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - William J Sutherland
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, U.K
| | - Daniel Aguirre
- International Commission of Jurists, 15, Shan Yeikthar Street, Pann Hlaing Ward, Myanmar
| | - Matthew Baird
- MatthewBaird.com.au, 309 Peaks Garden Condo, 187/14 Thanon Chang Klan, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Vicky Bowman
- Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business (MCRB), No. 6 (A), Shin Saw Pu Road, Kayinchan Qtr, Ahlone, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Jake Brunner
- IUCN Indo-Burma Group, 1st floor, Building 2A, Van Phuc Diplomatic Compound, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Grant M Connette
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, U.S.A
| | - Martin Cosier
- Myanmar Environmental Governance Program, U.S.-Asia Partnerships for Environmental Law, Vermont Law School, 164 Chelsea Street, P.O. Box 96, South Royalton, VT 05068, U.S.A
| | - David Dapice
- John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 79 John F. Kennedy Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
| | - Jose Don T De Alban
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Alex Diment
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Myanmar, 12 Narnattaw Road, Shwe Kainnayi Housing, Kamaryut Township, 11051, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Julia Fogerite
- IUCN Myanmar, 212 Sabae Marga Street, Kamaryut, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Jefferson Fox
- East-West Centre, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848-1601, U.S.A
| | - Win Hlaing
- FLEGT Secretariat, No 58 Kyaing Tone Street, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Saw Htun
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Myanmar, 12 Narnattaw Road, Shwe Kainnayi Housing, Kamaryut Township, 11051, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Jack Hurd
- The Nature Conservancy, 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 100, Arlington, VA 22203-1606, U.S.A
| | - Katherine LaJeunesse Connette
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, U.S.A
| | - Felicia Lasmana
- Daemeter Consulting, Jl. Tangkuban Perahu 1, Taman Kencana, Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16128, Indonesia
| | - Cheng Ling Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Antony Lynam
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Center for Global Conservation, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, U.S.A
| | - Aye Chan Maung
- Forest Research Institute, Yezin, Zeyarthiri Township, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Benjamin McCarron
- Asia Research and Engagement, 10 Anson Road, #26-04, International Plaza, 079903, Singapore
| | - John F McCarthy
- Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, JG Crawford Building, 132 Lennox Crossing, Acton ACT 0200, Australia
| | - William J McShea
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, U.S.A
| | - Frank Momberg
- Fauna & Flora International (FFI) Myanmar, No. 35, 3rd Floor, Shan Gone Condo, San Chaung Township, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Myat Su Mon
- Forest Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, No. 39, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Than Myint
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Myanmar, 12 Narnattaw Road, Shwe Kainnayi Housing, Kamaryut Township, 11051, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Robert Oberndorf
- USAID's Myanmar Land Tenure Project, Implemented by Tetra Tech, No. 17, Kaba Aye Pagoda Road, Yankin Township, Yangon, 11081, Myanmar
| | - Thaung Naing Oo
- Forest Research Institute, Yezin, Zeyarthiri Township, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Jacob Phelps
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Madhu Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Center for Global Conservation, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, U.S.A
| | - Dietrich Schmidt-Vogt
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Freiburg University, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hugh Speechly
- FLEGT Secretariat, No 58 Kyaing Tone Street, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Oliver Springate-Baginski
- School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Robert Steinmetz
- WWF Thailand, 87 Soi Phatholyothin 5, Samsen Nai Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kirk Talbott
- Environmental Law Institute, 1730 M Street, NW, Suite 700, Washington, D.C. 20036, U.S.A
| | - Maung Maung Than
- RECOFTC, P.O. Box 1111, Kasetsart Post Office, Phahonyothin Road, Bangkok, 10903, Thailand
| | - Tint Lwin Thaung
- RECOFTC, P.O. Box 1111, Kasetsart Post Office, Phahonyothin Road, Bangkok, 10903, Thailand
| | - Salai Cung Lian Thawng
- Pyoe Pin, No. 23, 1st Floor, Strand Mansion, 40th Street, Kyauktada Township, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Min Thein
- Forest Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation, No. 39, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Shwe Thein
- Land Core Group, 18D Sein Lei Yeik Thar Street, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Robert Tizard
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Myanmar, 12 Narnattaw Road, Shwe Kainnayi Housing, Kamaryut Township, 11051, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Tony Whitten
- Fauna & Flora International (FFI) Myanmar, No. 35, 3rd Floor, Shan Gone Condo, San Chaung Township, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Guy Williams
- Environmental Resources Management, 120 Robinson Road, Singapore, #10-01, 068913, Singapore
| | - Trevor Wilson
- Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, JG Crawford Building, 132 Lennox Crossing, Acton ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Kevin Woods
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, 215 Moses Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-2308, U.S.A
| | - Alan D Ziegler
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 1 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore
| | - Michal Zrust
- Daemeter Consulting, Jl. Tangkuban Perahu 1, Taman Kencana, Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16128, Indonesia
| | - Edward L Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
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