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Bianchi A, Pettinelli S, Santini G, Taglieri I, Zinnai A, Petriccione M, Magri A, Modesti M, Cerreta R, Bellincontro A. Postharvest wine grape dehydration: ethanol dissipation from grape and biochemical changes. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:1591-1598. [PMID: 37819862 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During postharvest dehydration, grapes are subject to metabolic changes including ethanol anabolism and catabolism. These changes affect the quality of the final product and ethanol production is a key step. Ethanol dissipation has never been measured during postharvest wine grape dehydration. Thus, the present study aimed to: (i) monitor ethanol dissipation and (ii) investigate chemical-biochemical changes in berries during dehydration. RESULTS Ethanol dissipation from Raboso grapes, under controlled postharvest dehydration, was found to comprise up to 36% of weight loss (w.l.). Moreover, the activity of enzymes involved in the anaerobic metabolism of grapes was investigated. Ethanol dissipation was highly correlated with grape weight loss (r2 = 0.989). Alcohol dehydrogenase activity, responsible for the reduction of ethanol to acetaldehyde, declined significantly with w.l. Similarly, pyruvate decarboxylase and lactate dehydrogenase reduced their activity. High lipoxygenase activity was measured at 27% w.l., whereas polyphenol oxidation was constant and declined in the last sampling. CONCLUSION Ethanol dissipation during postharvest dehydration allows for reducing anaerobic metabolism and promotes oxidative metabolism. The sensor used can be a useful commercial tool for monitoring berry metabolism. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bianchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Pettinelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gregorio Santini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella Taglieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Milena Petriccione
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Magri
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Margherita Modesti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Raffaele Cerreta
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Andrea Bellincontro
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Potărniche IA, Marín-Sáez J, Collados MV, Atencia J. Holographic Sensor Based on Bayfol HX200 Commercial Photopolymer for Ethanol and Acetic Acid Detection. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:8776. [PMID: 37960472 PMCID: PMC10649367 DOI: 10.3390/s23218776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a holographic sensor based on reflection holograms recorded in the commercial photopolymer Bayfol® HX 200. The recording geometry and index modulation of the hologram were optimised to improve accuracy for this specific application. The sensor was subjected to tests using various analytes, and it exhibited sensitivity to acetic acid and ethanol. The measurements revealed a correlation between the concentration of the analyte in contact with the sensor's surface and the resulting wavelength shift of the diffracted light. The minimum detectable concentrations were determined to be above 0.09 mol/dm3 for acetic acid and 5% (v/v) for ethanol. Notably, the sensors demonstrated a rapid response time. Given that ethanol serves as a base for alcoholic beverages, and acetic acid is commonly found in commercial vinegar, these sensors hold promise for applications in food quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Adriana Potărniche
- Basis of Electronics Department, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Information Technology, University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Julia Marín-Sáez
- Applied Physics Department, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Zaragoza, Crta. de Cuarte s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Collados
- Applied Physics Department, Engineering Research Institute of Aragon (I3A), Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Jesús Atencia
- Applied Physics Department, Engineering Research Institute of Aragon (I3A), Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
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Magesh V, Kothari VS, Ganapathy D, Atchudan R, Arya S, Nallaswamy D, Sundramoorthy AK. Using Sparfloxacin-Capped Gold Nanoparticles to Modify a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Sensor for Ethanol Determination. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:8201. [PMID: 37837031 PMCID: PMC10575339 DOI: 10.3390/s23198201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol is a dangerous substance causing global mortality and health issues, including mental health problems. Regular alcohol consumption can lead to depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, and increased risk of alcohol-related disorders. Thus, monitoring ethanol levels in biological samples could contribute to maintaining good health. Herein, we developed an electrochemical sensor for the determination of ethanol in human salivary samples. Initially, the tetra-chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) was chemically reduced using sparfloxacin (Sp) which also served as a stabilizing agent for the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). As-prepared Sp-AuNPs were comprehensively characterized and confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and elemental mapping analysis. The average particle size (~25 nm) and surface charge (negative) of Sp-AuNPs were determined by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential measurements. An activated screen-printed carbon electrode (A-SPE) was modified using Sp-AuNPs dispersion, which exhibited greater electrocatalytic activity and sensitivity for ethanol (EtOH) oxidation in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). DPV showed a linear response for EtOH from 25 µM to 350 µM with the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 0.55 µM. Reproducibility and repeatability studies revealed that the Sp-AuNPs/A-SPEs were highly stable and very sensitive to EtOH detection. Additionally, the successful electrochemical determination of EtOH in a saliva sample was carried out. The recovery rate of EtOH spiked in the saliva sample was found to be 99.6%. Thus, the incorporation of Sp-AuNPs within sensors could provide new possibilities in the development of ethanol sensors with an improved level of precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanth Magesh
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, 162 Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Vishaka S. Kothari
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, 162 Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Dhanraj Ganapathy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, 162 Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandeep Arya
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Deepak Nallaswamy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, 162 Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Ashok K. Sundramoorthy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, 162 Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, India
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Memon SF, Wang R, Strunz B, Chowdhry BS, Pembroke JT, Lewis E. Novel Corrugated Long Period Grating Surface Balloon-Shaped Heterocore-Structured Plastic Optical Fibre Sensor for Microalgal Bioethanol Production. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1644. [PMID: 36772687 PMCID: PMC9921262 DOI: 10.3390/s23031644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel long period grating (LPG) inscribed balloon-shaped heterocore-structured plastic optical fibre (POF) sensor is described and experimentally demonstrated for real-time measurement of the ultra-low concentrations of ethanol in microalgal bioethanol production applications. The heterocore structure is established by coupling a 250 μm core diameter POF between two 1000 μm diameter POFs, thus representing a large core-small core-large core configuration. Before coupling as a heterocore structure, the sensing region or small core fibre (SCF; i.e., 250 μm POF) is modified by polishing, LPG inscription, and macro bending into a balloon shape to enhance the sensitivity of the sensor. The sensor was characterized for ethanol-water solutions in the ethanol concentration ranges of 20 to 80 %v/v, 1 to 10 %v/v, 0.1 to 1 %v/v, and 0.00633 to 0.0633 %v/v demonstrating a maximum sensitivity of 3 × 106 %/RIU, a resolution of 7.9 × 10-6 RIU, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.7 × 10-6 RIU. The experimental results are included for the intended application of bioethanol production using microalgae. The characterization was performed in the ultra-low-level ethanol concentration range, i.e., 0.00633 to 0.03165 %v/v, that is present in real culturing and production conditions, e.g., ethanol-producing blue-green microalgae mixtures. The sensor demonstrated a maximum sensitivity of 210,632.8 %T/%v/v (or 5 × 106 %/RIU as referenced from the RI values of ethanol-water solutions), resolution of 2 × 10-4%v/v (or 9.4 × 10-6 RIU), and LOD of 4.9 × 10-4%v/v (or 2.3 × 10-5 RIU). Additionally, the response and recovery times of the sensor were investigated in the case of measurement in the air and the ethanol-microalgae mixtures. The experimentally verified, extremely high sensitivity and resolution and very low LOD corresponding to the initial rate of bioethanol production using microalgae of this sensor design, combined with ease of fabrication, low cost, and wide measurement range, makes it a promising candidate to be incorporated into the bioethanol production industry as a real-time sensing solution as well as in other ethanol sensing and/or RI sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanober Farheen Memon
- Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bob Strunz
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry
- NCRA-CMS Lab, IICT, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - J. Tony Pembroke
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Elfed Lewis
- Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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Tien CH, Lee KL, Tao CC, Lin ZQ, Lin ZH, Chen LC. Two-Dimensional (PEA) 2PbBr 4 Perovskites Sensors for Highly Sensitive Ethanol Vapor Detection. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:8155. [PMID: 36365851 PMCID: PMC9658801 DOI: 10.3390/s22218155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) perovskite have been widely researched for solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors because of their excellent environmental stability and optoelectronic properties in comparison to three-dimensional (3D) perovskite. In this study, we demonstrate the high response of 2D-(PEA)2PbBr4 perovskite of the horizontal vapor sensor was outstandingly more superior than 3D-MAPbBr3 perovskite. 2D transverse perovskite layer have the large surface-to-volume ratio and reactive surface, with the charge transfer mechanism, which was suitable for vapor sensing and trapping. Thus, 2D perovskite vapor sensors demonstrate the champion current response ratio R of 107.32 under the ethanol vapors, which was much faster than 3D perovskite (R = 2.92).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ho Tien
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33306, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Lee
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Tao
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Zhan-Qi Lin
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Hao Lin
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chien Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
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Fauzi ASA, Hamidah NL, Kitamura S, Kodama T, Sonda K, Putri GK, Shinkai T, Ahmad MS, Inomata Y, Quitain AT, Kida T. Electrochemical Detection of Ethanol in Air Using Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Combined with Au-WO 3. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:3194. [PMID: 35590882 DOI: 10.3390/s22093194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Detection, monitoring, and analysis of ethanol are important in various fields such as health care, food industries, and safety control. In this study, we report that a solid electrolyte gas sensor based on a proton-conducting membrane is promising for detecting ethanol in air. We focused on graphene oxide (GO) as a new solid electrolyte because it shows a high proton conductivity at room temperature. GO nanosheets are synthesized by oxidation and exfoliation of expanded graphite via the Tour’s method. GO membranes are fabricated by stacking GO nanosheets by vacuum filtration. To detect ethanol, Au-loaded WO3 is used as the sensing electrode due to the excellent activity of gold nanoparticles for the catalysis of organic molecules. Au-WO3 is coupled with rGO (reduced graphene oxide) to facilitate the electron transport in the electrode. Ce ions are intercalated into the GO membrane to facilitate proton transport. The sensor based on the Ce doped-GO membrane combined with Au-WO3/rGO as a sensing electrode shows good electric potential difference (ΔV) responses to ethanol in the air at room temperature. The sensor signal reaches more than 600 mV in response to ethanol at 40 ppm in air, making it possible to detect ethanol at a few ppb (parts per billion) level. The ethanol sensing mechanism was discussed in terms of the mixed-potential theory and catalysis of ethanol on Au-WO3.
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Acharya TR, Lamichhane P, Wahab R, Chaudhary DK, Shrestha B, Joshi LP, Kaushik NK, Choi EH. Study on the Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Azadirachta indica Extracts for the Fabrication of a Gas Sensor. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247685. [PMID: 34946767 PMCID: PMC8703601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper compared the effects of A. indica plant proteins over chemical methods in the morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) prepared by a co-precipitation method, and ethanol sensing performance of prepared thin films deposited over a fluorene-doped tin oxide (FTO) bind glass substrate using spray pyrolysis technique. The average crystallite sizes and diameters of the grain-sized cluster ZnO NPs were 25 and (701.79 ± 176.21) nm for an undoped sample and 20 and (489.99 ± 112.96) nm for A. india dye-doped sample. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the formation of the Zn-O bond at 450 cm-1, and also showed the presence of plant proteins due to A. indica dye extracts. ZnO NPs films exhibited good response (up to 51 and 72% for without and with A. indica dye-doped extracts, respectively) toward ethanol vapors with quick response-recovery characteristics at a temperature of 250 °C for undoped and 225 °C for A. indica dye-doped ZnO thin films. The interaction of A. indica dye extracts helps to decrease the operating temperature and increased the response and recovery rates of the sensor, which may be due to an increase in the specific surface area, resulting in adsorption of more oxygen and hence high response results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirtha Raj Acharya
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (T.R.A.); (P.L.)
- Department of Physics, Saint Xavier’s College, Tribhuvan University, Maitighar, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Pradeep Lamichhane
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (T.R.A.); (P.L.)
| | - Rizwan Wahab
- Chair for DNA Research, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Physics, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (D.K.C.); (L.P.J.)
| | - Bhanu Shrestha
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
| | - Leela Pradhan Joshi
- Department of Physics, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (D.K.C.); (L.P.J.)
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (T.R.A.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.K.); (E.H.C.)
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (T.R.A.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.K.); (E.H.C.)
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Lupan O, Ababii N, Mishra AK, Gronenberg O, Vahl A, Schürmann U, Duppel V, Krüger H, Chow L, Kienle L, Faupel F, Adelung R, de Leeuw NH, Hansen S. Single CuO/Cu 2O/Cu Microwire Covered by a Nanowire Network as a Gas Sensor for the Detection of Battery Hazards. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:42248-42263. [PMID: 32813500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a strategy to prepare CuO/Cu2O/Cu microwires that are fully covered by a nanowire (NW) network using a simple thermal-oxidation process is developed. The CuO/Cu2O/Cu microwires are fixed on Au/Cr pads with Cu microparticles. After thermal annealing at 425 °C, these CuO/Cu2O/Cu microwires are used as room-temperature 2-propanol sensors. These sensors show different dominating gas responses with operating temperatures, e.g., higher sensitivity to ethanol at 175 °C, higher sensitivity to 2-propanol at room temperature and 225 °C, and higher sensitivity to hydrogen gas at ∼300 °C. In this context, we propose the sensing mechanism of this three-in-one sensor based on CuO/Cu2O/Cu. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies reveal that the annealing time during oxidation affects the chemical appearance of the sensor, while the intensity of reflections proves that for samples oxidized at 425 °C for 1 h the dominating phase is Cu2O, whereas upon further increasing the annealing duration up to 5 h, the CuO phase becomes dominant. The crystal structures of the Cu2O-shell/Cu-core and the CuO NW networks on the surface were confirmed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED), where (HR)TEM micrographs reveal the monoclinic CuO phase. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations bring valuable inputs to the interactions of the different gas molecules with the most stable top surface of CuO, revealing strong binding, electronic band-gap changes, and charge transfer due to the gas molecule interactions with the top surface. This research shows the importance of the nonplanar CuO/Cu2O layered heterostructure as a bright nanomaterial for the detection of various gases, controlled by the working temperature, and the insight presented here will be of significant value in the fabrication of new p-type sensing devices through simple nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Lupan
- Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiser Str. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Technical University of Moldova, Stefan cel Mare 168, Chişinău MD2004, Moldova
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Nicolai Ababii
- Department of Microelectronics and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Nanotechnology and Nanosensors, Technical University of Moldova, Stefan cel Mare 168, Chişinău MD2004, Moldova
| | - Abhishek Kumar Mishra
- Physics Department, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Bidholi via Premnagar, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ole Gronenberg
- Synthesis and Real Structure, Institute for Materials Science, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kaiser str. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Vahl
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiser str. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schürmann
- Synthesis and Real Structure, Institute for Materials Science, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kaiser str. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Viola Duppel
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Helge Krüger
- Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiser Str. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lee Chow
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Lorenz Kienle
- Synthesis and Real Structure, Institute for Materials Science, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kaiser str. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Franz Faupel
- Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiser str. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Adelung
- Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiser Str. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nora H de Leeuw
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Hansen
- Functional Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiser Str. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
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Kroh C, Wuchrer R, Steinke N, Guenther M, Gerlach G, Härtling T. Hydrogel-Based Plasmonic Sensor Substrate for the Detection of Ethanol. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E1264. [PMID: 30871145 DOI: 10.3390/s19061264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The in-line monitoring of ethanol concentration in liquids is a crucial part of process monitoring in breweries and distilleries. Current methods are based on infrared spectroscopy, which is time-consuming and costly, making these methods unaffordable for small and middle-sized companies. To overcome these problems, we presented a small, compact, and cost-effective sensing method for the ethanol content, based on a nanostructured, plasmonically active sensor substrate. The sensor substrate is coated with an ethanol-sensitive hydrogel, based on polyacrylamide and bisacrylamide, which induces a change in the refractive index of the substrate surface. The swelling and shrinking of such hydrogels offer a means to measure the ethanol content in liquids, which can be determined in a simple transmittance setup. In our study, we demonstrated the capability of the sensor principle for the detection of ethanol content ranging from 0 to 30 vol% ethanol. Furthermore, we determined the response time of the sensor substrate to be 5.2 min, which shows an improvement by a factor of four compared to other hydrogel-based sensing methods. Finally, initial results for the sensor's lifetime are presented.
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Hernaez M, Mayes AG, Melendi-Espina S. Graphene Oxide in Lossy Mode Resonance-Based Optical Fiber Sensors for Ethanol Detection. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 18:E58. [PMID: 29280947 DOI: 10.3390/s18010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The influence of graphene oxide (GO) over the features of an optical fiber ethanol sensor based on lossy mode resonances (LMR) has been studied in this work. Four different sensors were built with this aim, each comprising a multimode optical fiber core fragment coated with a SnO2 thin film. Layer by layer (LbL) coatings made of 1, 2 and 4 bilayers of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and graphene oxide were deposited onto three of these devices and their behavior as aqueous ethanol sensors was characterized and compared with the sensor without GO. The sensors with GO showed much better performance with a maximum sensitivity enhancement of 176% with respect to the sensor without GO. To our knowledge, this is the first time that GO has been used to make an optical fiber sensor based on LMR.
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Shankar P, Rayappan JBB. Monomer: Design of ZnO Nanostructures (Nanobush and Nanowire) and Their Room-Temperature Ethanol Vapor Sensing Signatures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:38135-38145. [PMID: 28990752 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol serves as a biomarker as well as a chemical reagent for several applications and has been predominantly used as an alternative fuel (E10 and E85). Development of sensors for the detection and monitoring of ethanol vapor at lower operating temperatures has gathered momentum in the recent past. In this work, we reported the synthesis of self-assembled ZnO nanowires using electrospun technique without using any external surfactants or capping agents and their room temperature ethanol sensing properties. An inherent template namely monomer of the polymer poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with two different molecular weights (14 000 and 140 000 g mol-1) was used along with the precursor zinc acetate dihydrate. The ZnO-PVA nanofibers have been tranformed to ZnO nanospheres and nanowires after calcination. The ratio of zinc precursor concentration to PVA polymer led to the enhanced carrier concentration of the resultant ZnO nanowire that enhanced, in turn, the sensing response toward ethanol vapor. The developed sensing elements have been systematically characterized to correlate their structural, morphological, and electrical properties with the respective room-temperature ethanol-sensing characteristics. The role of grain features and low activation energy of ZnO nanowires in coordination with the low dipole moment of ethanol resulted in the excellent response of 78 toward 100 ppm at room temperature with ultra-sensitive response and recovery times (9 and 12 s, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabakaran Shankar
- Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka , Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
- Nanosensors Lab at the Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering (SEEE), SASTRA University , Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan
- Nanosensors Lab at the Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering (SEEE), SASTRA University , Thanjavur 613 401, India
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Daneshkhah A, Shrestha S, Siegel A, Varahramyan K, Agarwal M. Cross-Selectivity Enhancement of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene)-Based Sensor Arrays for Detecting Acetone and Ethanol. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:E595. [PMID: 28294961 PMCID: PMC5375881 DOI: 10.3390/s17030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two methods for cross-selectivity enhancement of porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/carbon black (CB) composite-based resistive sensors are provided. The sensors are tested with acetone and ethanol in the presence of humid air. Cross-selectivity is enhanced using two different methods to modify the basic response of the PVDF-HFP/CB sensing platform. In method I, the adsorption properties of PVDF-HFP/CB are altered by adding a polyethylene oxide (PEO) layer or by treating with infrared (IR). In method II, the effects of the interaction of acetone and ethanol are enhanced by adding diethylene carbonate (DEC) or PEO dispersed in DEC (PEO/DEC) to the film. The results suggest the approaches used in method I alter the composite ability to adsorb acetone and ethanol, while in method II, they alter the transduction characteristics of the composite. Using these approaches, sensor relative response to acetone was increased by 89% compared with the PVDF-HFP/CB untreated film, whereas sensor relative response to ethanol could be decreased by 57% or increased by 197%. Not only do these results demonstrate facile methods for increasing sensitivity of PVDF-HFP/CB film, used in parallel they demonstrate a roadmap for enhancing system cross-selectivity that can be applied to separate units on an array. Fabrication methods, experimental procedures and results are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Daneshkhah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute (INDI), Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Sudhir Shrestha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute (INDI), Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Present Address: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Amanda Siegel
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute (INDI), Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Kody Varahramyan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute (INDI), Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Mangilal Agarwal
- Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute (INDI), Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Salim A, Lim S. Complementary Split-Ring Resonator-Loaded Microfluidic Ethanol Chemical Sensor. Sensors (Basel) 2016; 16:s16111802. [PMID: 27801842 PMCID: PMC5134461 DOI: 10.3390/s16111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR)-loaded patch is proposed as a microfluidic ethanol chemical sensor. The primary objective of this chemical sensor is to detect ethanol’s concentration. First, two tightly coupled concentric CSRRs loaded on a patch are realized on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5870 substrate, and then a microfluidic channel engraved on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is integrated for ethanol chemical sensor applications. The resonant frequency of the structure before loading the microfluidic channel is 4.72 GHz. After loading the microfluidic channel, the 550 MHz shift in the resonant frequency is ascribed to the dielectric perturbation phenomenon when the ethanol concentration is varied from 0% to 100%. In order to assess the sensitivity range of our proposed sensor, various concentrations of ethanol are tested and analyzed. Our proposed sensor exhibits repeatability and successfully detects 10% ethanol as verified by the measurement set-up. It has created headway to a miniaturized, non-contact, low-cost, reliable, reusable, and easily fabricated design using extremely small liquid volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Salim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Sungjoon Lim
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 221 Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
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