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Zapała P, Fus Ł, Lewandowski Z, Garbas K, Zapała Ł, Górnicka B, Radziszewski P. E-Cadherin, Integrin Alpha2 (Cd49b), and Transferrin Receptor-1 (Tfr1) Are Promising Immunohistochemical Markers of Selected Adverse Pathological Features in Patients Treated with Radical Prostatectomy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235587. [PMID: 34884287 PMCID: PMC8658679 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients treated for prostate cancer (PCa) with radical prostatectomy (RP), determining the risk of extraprostatic extension (EPE) and nodal involvement (NI) remains crucial for planning nerve-sparing and extended lymphadenectomy. The study aimed to determine proteins that could serve as immunohistochemical markers of locally advanced PCa. To select candidate proteins associated with adverse pathologic features (APF) reverse-phase protein array data of 498 patients was retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The analysis yielded 6 proteins which were then validated as predictors of APF utilizing immunohistochemistry in a randomly selected retrospective cohort of 53 patients. For univariate and multivariate analysis, logistic regression was used. Positive expression of TfR1 (OR 13.74; p = 0.015), reduced expression of CD49b (OR 10.15; p = 0.013), and PSA (OR 1.29; p = 0.013) constituted independent predictors of EPE, whereas reduced expression of e-cadherin (OR 10.22; p = 0.005), reduced expression of CD49b (OR 24.44; p = 0.017), and PSA (OR 1.18; p = 0.002) were independently associated with NI. Both models achieved high discrimination (AUROC 0.879 and 0.888, respectively). Immunohistochemistry constitutes a straightforward tool that might be easily utilized before RP. Expression of TfR1 and CD49b is associated with EPE, whereas expression of e-cadherin and CD49b is associated with NI. Since following immunohistochemical markers predicts respective APFs independently from PSA, in the future they might supplement existing preoperative nomograms or be implemented in novel tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Zapała
- Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.Z.); (K.G.); (Ł.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Łukasz Fus
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-57-20-710
| | - Zbigniew Lewandowski
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karolina Garbas
- Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.Z.); (K.G.); (Ł.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Łukasz Zapała
- Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.Z.); (K.G.); (Ł.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Barbara Górnicka
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Radziszewski
- Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (P.Z.); (K.G.); (Ł.Z.); (P.R.)
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Kundranda M, Gracian AC, Zafar SF, Meiri E, Bendell J, Algül H, Rivera F, Ahn ER, Watkins D, Pelzer U, Charu V, Zalutskaya A, Kuesters G, Pipas JM, Santillana S, Askoxylakis V, Ko AH. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study of istiratumab (MM-141) plus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine versus nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine in front-line metastatic pancreatic cancer (CARRIE). Ann Oncol 2021; 31:79-87. [PMID: 31912800 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical data suggest that dual blockade of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and HER3 pathways has superior activity to IGF-1R blockade alone in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We tested whether istiratumab, an IGF-1R- and ErbB3-bispecific antibody, can enhance the efficacy of standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy in patients with metastatic PDAC selected for high IGF-1 serum levels. PATIENTS AND METHODS CARRIE was an international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study for patients with previously untreated metastatic PDAC. In part 1, 10 patients were evaluated for pharmacokinetics and safety. In part 2, patients with high free serum IGF-1 levels were randomized 1 : 1 to receive either istiratumab [2.8 g intravenously (i.v.) every 2 weeks] or placebo combined with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel at approved dose schedule. The co-primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with high IGF-1 levels and PFS in patients with both high serum IGF-1 levels and heregulin (HRG)+ tumors. Key secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST v.1.1, and adverse events (AEs) rate. RESULTS A total of 317 patients were screened, with 88 patients randomized in part 2 (experimental arm n = 43; control n = 45). In the high IGF-1 cohort, median PFS was 3.6 and 7.3 months in the experimental versus control arms, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.88, P = 0.027]. In the high IGF-1/HRG+ subgroup (n = 44), median PFS was 4.1 and 7.3 months, respectively (HR = 1.39, P = 0.42). Median OS and ORR for the overall population were similar between two arms. No significant difference in serious or grade ≥3 AEs was observed, although low-grade AEs leading to early discontinuation were higher in the experimental (39.5%) versus control arm (24.4%). CONCLUSIONS Istiratumab failed to improve the efficacy of SOC chemotherapy in this patient setting. High serum IGF-1 levels did not appear to be an adverse prognostic factor when compared with non-biomarker-selected historic controls. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02399137; EUDRA CT: 2014-004572-34.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kundranda
- Medical Oncology, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, USA
| | - A C Gracian
- Medical Oncology, Centro Integral Oncologico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Clínicas, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - S F Zafar
- Hematology and Oncology, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers, USA
| | - E Meiri
- Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Care and Research Center, Atlanta, USA
| | - J Bendell
- GI Oncology, Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, USA
| | - H Algül
- TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Medizinische Klinik II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - F Rivera
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - E R Ahn
- Medical Oncology, Cancer Treatment Centers of America Chicago, Zion, USA
| | - D Watkins
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
| | - U Pelzer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - V Charu
- Hematology/Oncology, Pacific Cancer Medical Center, Anaheim, USA
| | - A Zalutskaya
- Clinical Development, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, USA
| | - G Kuesters
- Clinical Development, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, USA
| | - J M Pipas
- Clinical Development, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, USA
| | - S Santillana
- Clinical Development, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, USA
| | - V Askoxylakis
- Clinical Development, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, USA
| | - A H Ko
- Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco Cancer Center, San Francisco, USA.
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Jenke R, Holzhäuser-Rein M, Mueller-Wilke S, Lordick F, Aigner A, Büch T. SATB1-Mediated Upregulation of the Oncogenic Receptor Tyrosine Kinase HER3 Antagonizes MET Inhibition in Gastric Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E82. [PMID: 33374770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MET-amplified gastric cancer cells are extremely sensitive to MET inhibition in vitro, whereas clinical efficacy of MET inhibitors is disappointing. The compensatory activation of other oncogenic growth factor receptors may serve as an underlying mechanism of resistance. In this study, we analyzed the role of HER receptors, in particular HER3 and its ligand heregulin, in this respect. This also included the chromatin-organizer protein SATB1, as an established regulator of HER expression in other tumor entities. In a panel of MET-amplified gastric carcinoma cell lines, cell growth under anchorage-dependent and independent conditions was studied upon inhibitor treatment or siRNA-mediated knockdown. Expression analyses were performed using RT-qPCR, FACS, and immunoblots. Signal transduction was monitored via antibody arrays and immunoblots. As expected, MET inhibition led to a growth arrest and inhibition of MAPK signaling. Strikingly, however, this was accompanied by a rapid and profound upregulation of the oncogenic receptor HER3. This finding was determined as functionally relevant, since HER3 activation by HRG led to partial MET inhibitor resistance, and MAPK/Akt signaling was even found enhanced upon HRG+MET inhibitor treatment compared to HRG alone. SATB1 was identified as mediator of HER3 upregulation. Concomitantly, SATB1 knockdown prevented upregulation of HER3, thus abrogating the HRG-promoted rescue from MET inhibition. Taken together, our results introduce the combined HER3/MET inhibition as strategy to overcome resistance towards MET inhibitors.
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Cejalvo JM, Jacob W, Fleitas Kanonnikoff T, Felip E, Navarro Mendivil A, Martinez Garcia M, Taus Garcia A, Leighl N, Lassen U, Mau-Soerensen M, Adessi C, Michielin F, James I, Ceppi M, Hasmann M, Weisser M, Cervantes A. A phase Ib/II study of HER3-targeting lumretuzumab in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as first-line treatment in patients with advanced or metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer. ESMO Open 2019; 4:e000532. [PMID: 31423336 PMCID: PMC6678014 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the safety and clinical activity of lumretuzumab, a humanised antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) monoclonal antibody, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in first-line treatment of patients with squamous non-small cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC). HER3 ligand heregulin and HER3 protein expression were evaluated as potential biomarkers of clinical activity. Patients and methods This open-label, phase Ib/II study enrolled patients receiving lumretuzumab at 800 mg (flat) in combination with carboplatin (area under the curve (AUC) 6 mg/mL×min) and paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) administered intravenously on a every 3-week schedule. Adverse event (AE) rates and tumour responses were determined. Heregulin messenger RNA (mRNA) and HER3 protein expression were investigated in archival tumour biopsies. Results Altogether, 12 patients received lumretuzumab in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel. The most frequent AEs were gastrointestinal, haematological and nervous system toxicities, which were generally mild and manageable. Partial responses were observed in 3 of 12 patients lasting 81, 177 and 207 days. All responses were achieved in tumours expressing higher heregulin mRNA levels. Conclusion Lumretuzumab in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel was well tolerated. Objective responses were enriched in tumours expressing higher heregulin mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Miguel Cejalvo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia and CIBERONC, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Jacob
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Tania Fleitas Kanonnikoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia and CIBERONC, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Felip
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Natasha Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulrik Lassen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Celine Adessi
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Michielin
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ian James
- A4PConsulting Ltd, Sandwich, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Ceppi
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Hasmann
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Martin Weisser
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia and CIBERONC, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Geuijen CAW, De Nardis C, Maussang D, Rovers E, Gallenne T, Hendriks LJA, Visser T, Nijhuis R, Logtenberg T, de Kruif J, Gros P, Throsby M. Unbiased Combinatorial Screening Identifies a Bispecific IgG1 that Potently Inhibits HER3 Signaling via HER2-Guided Ligand Blockade. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:922-936.e10. [PMID: 29763625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
HER2-driven cancers require phosphatidylinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling through HER3 to promote tumor growth and survival. The therapeutic benefit of HER2-targeting agents, which depend on PI3K/Akt inhibition, can be overcome by hyperactivation of the heregulin (HRG)/HER3 pathway. Here we describe an unbiased phenotypic combinatorial screening approach to identify a bispecific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody against HER2 and HER3. In tumor models resistant to HER2-targeting agents, the bispecific IgG1 potently inhibits the HRG/HER3 pathway and downstream PI3K/Akt signaling via a "dock & block" mechanism. This bispecific IgG1 is a potentially effective therapy for breast cancer and other tumors with hyperactivated HRG/HER3 signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/chemistry
- Receptor, ErbB-3/chemistry
- Receptor, ErbB-3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilla De Nardis
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Piet Gros
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
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6
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Nonagase Y, Yonesaka K, Kawakami H, Watanabe S, Haratani K, Takahama T, Takegawa N, Ueda H, Tanizaki J, Hayashi H, Yoshida T, Takeda M, Chiba Y, Tamura T, Nakagawa K, Tsurutani J. Heregulin-expressing HER2-positive breast and gastric cancer exhibited heterogeneous susceptibility to the anti-HER2 agents lapatinib, trastuzumab and T-DM1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84860-84871. [PMID: 27768588 PMCID: PMC5356704 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of heregulin, a HER3 ligand, is one mechanism that confers resistance to the anti-HER2 agents trastuzumab and lapatinib. We investigated the impact of heregulin expression on the efficacy of HER2-targeted therapeutic agents, including trastuzumab, trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and lapatinib, in vitro and in vivo and evaluated the heregulin messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in specimens from patients with HER2-positive breast or gastric cancer. Results Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays demonstrated that heregulin conferred robust resistance to lapatinib and trastuzumab via HER3-Akt pathway activation followed by survivin overexpression; however, heregulin conferred minimal or no resistance to T-DM1 and paclitaxel. The heregulin mRNA level of one of 10 patients was up-regulated after the acquisition of resistance to trastuzumab-based therapy. Materials and Methods SK-BR-3, NCI-N87, BT-474, MDA-MB-453, HCC1954, SNU-216 and 4-1ST cells were pharmacologically treated with recombinant heregulin or transfected with the heregulin gene. We also assessed the expression of heregulin mRNA in HER2-positive breast or gastric cancer samples before and after trastuzumab-based therapy using a RT-PCR-based method. Conclusions mRNA up-regulation of heregulin was observed in clinical breast cancer specimens during trastuzumab-based treatment, but heregulin overexpression had a limited effect on the sensitivity to T-DM1 in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikane Nonagase
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kimio Yonesaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisato Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satomi Watanabe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Haratani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Takahama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Takegawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ueda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junko Tanizaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Chiba
- Clinical Research Center, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Tamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junji Tsurutani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
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Barrio-Real L, Wertheimer E, Garg R, Abba MC, Kazanietz MG. Characterization of a P-Rex1 gene signature in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51335-51348. [PMID: 27351228 PMCID: PMC5239479 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rac nucleotide Exchange Factor (Rac-GEF) P-Rex1 is highly expressed in breast cancer, specifically in the luminal subtype, and is an essential mediator of actin cytoskeleton reorganization and cell migratory responses induced by stimulation of ErbB and other tyrosine-kinase receptors. Heregulin (HRG), a growth factor highly expressed in mammary tumors, causes the activation of P-Rex1 and Rac1 in breast cancer cells via ErbB3, leading to a motile response. Since there is limited information about P-Rex1 downstream effectors, we carried out a microarray analysis to identify genes regulated by this Rac-GEF after stimulation of ErbB3 with HRG. In T-47D breast cancer cells, HRG treatment caused major changes in gene expression, including genes associated with motility, adhesion, invasiveness and metastasis. Silencing P-Rex1 expression from T-47D cells using RNAi altered the induction and repression of a subset of HRG-regulated genes, among them genes associated with extracellular matrix organization, migration, and chemotaxis. HRG induction of MMP10 (matrix metalloproteinase 10) was found to be highly sensitive both to P-Rex1 depletion and inhibition of Rac1 function by the GTPase Activating Protein (GAP) β2-chimaerin, suggesting the dependence of the P-Rex1/Rac1 pathway for the induction of genes critical for breast cancer invasiveness. Notably, there is a significant association in the expression of P-Rex1 and MMP10 in human luminal breast cancer, and their co-expression is indicative of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barrio-Real
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Eva Wertheimer
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rachana Garg
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Martin C Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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8
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Frei A, MacDonald G, Lund I, Gustafsson JÅ, Hynes NE, Nalvarte I. Memo interacts with c-Src to control Estrogen Receptor alpha sub-cellular localization. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56170-56182. [PMID: 27472465 PMCID: PMC5302904 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the complex interaction between growth factor and steroid hormone signaling pathways in breast cancer is key to identifying suitable therapeutic strategies to avoid progression and therapy resistance. The interaction between these two pathways is of paramount importance for the development of endocrine resistance. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms behind their crosstalk are still largely obscure. We previously reported that Memo is a small redox-active protein that controls heregulin-mediated migration of breast cancer cells. Here we report that Memo sits at the intersection between heregulin and estrogen signaling, and that Memo controls Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) sub-cellular localization, phosphorylation, and function downstream of heregulin and estrogen in breast cancer cells. Memo facilitates ERα and c-Src interaction, ERα Y537 phosphorylation, and has the ability to control ERα extra-nuclear localization. Thus, we identify Memo as an important key mediator between the heregulin and estrogen signaling pathways, which affects both breast cancer cell migration and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Frei
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gwen MacDonald
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Lund
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nancy E Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Nalvarte
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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9
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Kristof J, Sakrison K, Jin X, Nakamaru K, Schneider M, Beckman RA, Freeman D, Spittle C, Feng W. Real-Time Reverse-Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Is a Feasible Method for the Relative Quantification of Heregulin Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Tissue. Biomark Insights 2017; 12:1177271917699850. [PMID: 28469400 PMCID: PMC5391987 DOI: 10.1177/1177271917699850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In preclinical studies, heregulin (HRG) expression was shown to be the most relevant predictive biomarker for response to patritumab, a fully human anti–epidermal growth factor receptor 3 monoclonal antibody. In support of a phase 2 study of erlotinib ± patritumab in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay for relative quantification of HRG expression from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) NSCLC tissue samples was developed and validated and described herein. Test specimens included matched FFPE normal lung and NSCLC and frozen NSCLC tissue, and HRG-positive and HRG-negative cell lines. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was examined for functional performance. Heregulin distribution was also analyzed across 200 NSCLC commercial samples. Applied Biosystems TaqMan Gene Expression Assays were run on the Bio-Rad CFX96 real-time PCR platform. Heregulin RT-qPCR assay specificity, PCR efficiency, PCR linearity, and reproducibility were demonstrated. The final assay parameters included the Qiagen FFPE RNA Extraction Kit for RNA extraction from FFPE NSCLC tissue, 50 ng of RNA input, and 3 reference (housekeeping) genes (HMBS, IPO8, and EIF2B1), which had expression levels similar to HRG expression levels and were stable among FFPE NSCLC samples. Using the validated assay, unimodal HRG distribution was confirmed across 185 evaluable FFPE NSCLC commercial samples. Feasibility of an RT-qPCR assay for the quantification of HRG expression in FFPE NSCLC specimens was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kristof
- Clinical Assay Development, MolecularMD, Portland, OR, USA.,Phylos Bioscience, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kellen Sakrison
- Clinical Assay Development, MolecularMD, Portland, OR, USA.,ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Xiaoping Jin
- Biostatistics and Data Management, Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, NJ, USA.,MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Kenji Nakamaru
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Robert A Beckman
- Departments of Oncology and of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics & Biomathematics, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel Freeman
- MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.,Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, NJ, USA
| | - Cindy Spittle
- Clinical Assay Development, MolecularMD, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Wenqin Feng
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, NJ, USA
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10
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Schmitt LC, Rau A, Seifert O, Honer J, Hutt M, Schmid S, Zantow J, Hust M, Dübel S, Olayioye MA, Kontermann RE. Inhibition of HER3 activation and tumor growth with a human antibody binding to a conserved epitope formed by domain III and IV. MAbs 2017; 9:831-843. [PMID: 28421882 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1319023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3, also known as ErbB3) has emerged as relevant target for antibody-mediated tumor therapy. Here, we describe a novel human antibody, IgG 3-43, recognizing a unique epitope formed by domain III and parts of domain IV of the extracellular region of HER3, conserved between HER3 and mouse ErbB3. An affinity of 11 nM was determined for the monovalent interaction. In the IgG format, the antibody bound recombinant bivalent HER3 with subnanomolar affinity (KD = 220 pM) and HER3-expressing tumor cells with EC50 values in the low picomolar range (27 - 83 pM). The antibody competed with binding of heregulin to HER3-expressing cells, efficiently inhibited phosphorylation of HER3 as well as downstream signaling, and induced receptor internalization and degradation. Furthermore, IgG 3-43 inhibited heregulin-dependent proliferation of several HER3-positive cancer cell lines and heregulin-independent colony formation of HER2-overexpressing tumor cell lines. Importantly, inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival was demonstrated in a FaDu xenograft tumor model in SCID mice. These findings demonstrate that by binding to the membrane-proximal domains III and IV involved in ligand binding and receptor dimerization, IgG 3-43 efficiently inhibits activation of HER3, thereby blocking tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Schmitt
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Alexander Rau
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Oliver Seifert
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Jonas Honer
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Meike Hutt
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Simone Schmid
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Jonas Zantow
- b Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- b Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- b Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Monilola A Olayioye
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany.,c Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- a Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany.,c Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
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11
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Abstract
The growth factor heregulin (HRG) promotes breast cancer (BC) tumorigenesis and metastasis and differentially modulates BC cell responses to DNA-damaging agents via its dual extracellular and nuclear localization. Given the central role of telomere dysfunction to drive carcinogenesis and to alter the chemotherapeutic profile of transformed cells, we hypothesized that an unanticipated nuclear function of HRG might be to regulate telomere length. Engineered overexpression of the HRGβ2 isoform in non-aggressive, HRG-negative MCF-7 BC cells resulted in a significant shortening of telomeres (up to 1.3 kb) as measured by Southern blotting of telomere terminal restriction fragments. Conversely, antisense-mediated suppression of HRGβ2 in highly aggressive, HRG-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells increased telomere length up to 3.0 kb. HRGβ2 overexpression promoted a marked upregulation of telomere-binding protein 2 (TRF2) protein expression, whereas its knockdown profoundly decreased TRF2 expression. Double staining of endogenous HRGβ2 with telomere-specific peptide nucleic acid probe/fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA/FISH) revealed the partial localization of HRG at the chromosome ends. Moreover, a predominantly nucleoplasmic staining pattern of endogenous HRGβ2 appeared to co-localize with TRF2 and, concomitantly with RAP1, a telomere regulator that specifically interacts with TRF2. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of HRG decreased the expression of TRF2 and RAP1, decreased their presence at chromosome ends, and coincidentally resulted in the formation of longer telomeres. This study uncovers a new function for HRGβ2 in controlling telomere length, in part due to its ability to regulate and interact with the telomere-associated proteins TRF2 and RAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rubio
- Laboratory of Hematology Service, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Campisi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
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12
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Menendez JA, Benboudjema L, Vellon L, Rubio MA, Espinoza I, Campisi J, Lupu R. Heregulin, a new interactor of the telosome/shelterin complex in human telomeres. Oncotarget 2015; 6:39408-21. [PMID: 26327598 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere length, shape and function depend on a complex of six core telomere-associated proteins referred to as the telosome or shelterin complex. We here demonstrate that the isoform β2 of the heregulin family of growth factors (HRGβ2) is a novel interactor of the telosome/shelterin complex in human telomeres. Analysis of protein-protein interactions using a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screen identified RAP1, the only telomere protein that is conserved from yeasts to mammals, as a novel interacting partner of HRGβ2. Deletion analysis of RAP1 revealed that the linker domain, a region previously suggested to recruit negative regulators of telomere length, interacts specifically with HRGβ2. Co-immunoprecipitation and imaging experiments demonstrated that, in addition to RAP1, HRGβ2 could associate with the RAP1-associated telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2). Deletion analysis of HRGβ2 confirmed that a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS) was necessary for nuclear HRGβ2 to exert a negative regulation of telomere length whereas the N-terminus (extracellular) amino acids of HRGβ2 were sufficient to interact with RAP1/TRF2 and promote telomere shortening. Taken together, our studies identify nuclear HRGβ2 as one of the previously unknown regulators predicted to be recruited by the RAP1 linker domain to negatively regulate telomere length in human cells. Our current findings reveal that a new, but likely not the last, unexpected visitor has arrived to the “telosome/shelterin town”.
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13
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Yonesaka K, Kudo K, Nishida S, Takahama T, Iwasa T, Yoshida T, Tanaka K, Takeda M, Kaneda H, Okamoto I, Nishio K, Nakagawa K. The pan-HER family tyrosine kinase inhibitor afatinib overcomes HER3 ligand heregulin-mediated resistance to EGFR inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33602-11. [PMID: 26418897 PMCID: PMC4741788 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Afatinib is a second generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) characterized as an irreversible pan-human EGFR (HER) family inhibitor. Afatinib remains effective for a subpopulation of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with acquired resistance to first generation EGFF-TKIs such as erlotinib. Heregulin activates HER3 in an autocrine fashion and causes erlotinib resistance in NSCLC. Here we examine whether afatinib is effective against heregulin-overexpressing NSCLCs harboring EGFR activating mutations. Afatinib but not erlotinib decreased EGFR mutant NSCLC PC9HRG cell proliferation in vitro and in mouse xenografts. Afatinib inhibited phosphorylation of the cell signaling pathway proteins HER3, EGFR, HER2, and HER4, likely by prevention of trans-phosphorylation as HER3 kinase activity is inadequate for auto-phosphorylation. Afatinib, unlike erlotinib, inhibited AKT activation, resulting in elevated apoptosis in PC9HRG cells. Clinically, a subpopulation of 33 patients with EGFR mutations and NSCLC who had received first generation EGFR-TKIs exhibited elevated plasma heregulin levels compared to healthy volunteers; one of these achieved a response with afatinib therapy despite having previously developed erlotinib resistance. Afatinib can overcome heregulin-mediated resistance to erlotinib in EGFR mutant NSCLC. Further studies are necessary to determine whether heregulin can predict afatinib efficacy after development offirst generation EGFR-TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Yonesaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keita Kudo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satomi Nishida
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Takahama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwasa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kaneda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Qian G, Jiang N, Wang D, Newman S, Kim S, Chen Z, Garcia G, MacBeath G, Shin DM, Khuri FR, Chen ZG, Saba NF. Heregulin and HER3 are prognostic biomarkers in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26195293 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although heregulin and human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) are frequently expressed at high levels in patients with head and neck cancer, their prognostic value remains unclear. The authors explored the prognostic significance of heregulin/HER3 expression in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), taking into account other HER family members as well as p16 status. METHODS Ninety-six primary tumor specimens from patients with OPSCC were retrospectively collected and analyzed for heregulin messenger RNA (mRNA) using in situ hybridization and for HER3, epidermal growth factor receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) using quantitative immunohistochemistry. Heregulin and HER3 mRNA levels were also examined among different tumor types using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. RESULTS High heregulin mRNA (> the median) correlated significantly with poor overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR], 8.48; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.17-33.17 [P =.002]) but not disease-free survival (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.64-3.65 [P =.341]) in patients with OPSCC. Heregulin mRNA correlated negatively with OS in both patients with p16-positive (P =.049) and p16-negative (P =.091) OPSCC on univariate analysis. High HER3 (> the median) also correlated with poor OS (HR, 4.68; 95% CI, 1.47-14.90 [P =.009]) on multivariate analysis. Epidermal growth factor receptor levels independently correlated with disease-free survival (P =.025) and inversely correlated with p16 status (P =.012). In addition, The Cancer Genome Atlas data demonstrated that head and neck squamous cell carcinoma exhibits higher heregulin expression compared with other solid tumor types examined. CONCLUSIONS High heregulin mRNA and high HER3 protein levels were found to independently correlate with poor OS in patients with OPSCC. These data support targeting HER3 in patients with heregulin-high OPSCC and warrant further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Qian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Scott Newman
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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15
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Kilinc D, Lesniak A, Rashdan SA, Gandhi D, Blasiak A, Fannin PC, von Kriegsheim A, Kolch W, Lee GU. Mechanochemical stimulation of MCF7 cells with rod-shaped Fe-Au Janus particles induces cell death through paradoxical hyperactivation of ERK. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:395-404. [PMID: 25296863 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles that actively target-specific tissues are studied for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Magnetically and optically active particles are of particular interest because they enable multiple imaging modalities and physically modulated therapies, such as magnetic hyperthermia. Fe-Au nanorods are synthesized that have a long iron segment, coated with polyethylene glycol, and a short gold tip functionalized with heregulin (HRG), a known ligand of ErbB family of receptors. HRG-nanorods preferentially target MCF7 cells relative to MDA-MB-231 cells, as demonstrated in a novel microfluidics device. Targeting rates of these classical breast cancer cells correlate with their differential expression of ErbB2/3 receptors. HRG-nanorod binding stimulates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) phosphorylation in MCF7 cells. The increase in ERK phosphorylation is linked to "active zones," dynamic regions in the cell periphery, which exhibit higher rates of particle binding than the rest of the cell. Periodically stretching cells using magnetic tweezers further activates ERK, which leads to cell death in cells co-treated with B-Raf inhibitors, through ERK hyperactivation. Although to a lesser extent, cell death is also achieved through magnetic hyperthermia. These results demonstrate nanoscale targeting and localized mechanochemical treatment of specific cancer cell lines based on their receptor expression using multifunctional nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Kilinc
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Anna Lesniak
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Suad A. Rashdan
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bahrain; P.O. Box: 32038 Sakheer Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Dhruv Gandhi
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Agata Blasiak
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Paul C. Fannin
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Systems Biology Ireland; UCD; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science; UCD; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland; UCD; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science; UCD; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Gil U. Lee
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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16
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Poovassery JS, Kang JC, Kim D, Ober RJ, Ward ES. Antibody targeting of HER2/HER3 signaling overcomes heregulin-induced resistance to PI3K inhibition in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:267-77. [PMID: 25471734 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated expression and/or mutations of the various components of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway occur with high frequency in prostate cancer and are associated with the development and progression of castration resistant tumors. However, small molecule kinase inhibitors that target this signaling pathway have limited efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth, primarily due to compensatory survival signals through receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Although members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or HER, family of RTKs are strongly implicated in the development and progression of prostate cancer, targeting individual members of this family such as EGFR or HER2 has resulted in limited success in clinical trials. Multiple studies indicate a critical role for HER3 in the development of resistance against both HER-targeted therapies and PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors. In this study, we found that the growth inhibitory effect of GDC-0941, a class I PI3K inhibitor, is markedly reduced in the presence of heregulin. Interestingly, this effect is more pronounced in cells lacking phosphatase and tensin homolog function. Heregulin-mediated resistance to GDC-0941 is associated with reactivation of Akt downstream of HER3 phosphorylation. Importantly, combined blockade of HER2 and HER3 signaling by an anti-HER2/HER3 bispecific antibody or a mixture of anti-HER2 and anti-HER3 antibodies restores sensitivity to GDC-0941 in heregulin-treated androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cells. These studies indicate that the combination of PI3K inhibitors with HER2/HER3 targeting antibodies may constitute a promising therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey C Kang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, TX
| | - Dongyoung Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, TX.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Raimund J Ober
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, TX.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - E Sally Ward
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, TX.,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX
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17
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Zhu H, Yang A, Du J, Li D, Liu M, Ding F, Gu X, Liu Y. Basic fibroblast growth factor is a key factor that induces bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells towards cells with Schwann cell phenotype. Neurosci Lett 2013; 559:82-7. [PMID: 24309293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be differentiate towards a Schwann cells (SCs) lineage when exposed to pre-inducing reagents β-mercaptoethanol (BME) and retinoic acid (RA), followed by inducing factors: forskolin (FSK), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), and heregulin (HRG). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the individual effects of these inducing factors on the differentiation of MSCs towards SC phenotype in rats. We show that the omission of either HRG or PDGF from the induction medium is not sufficient to change the SC-like phenotype or the expression level of the SC marker, S100β. However, the omission of bFGF from the induction medium effectively blocked neural induction of the MSCs. Moreover, only bFGF was found to inhibit MSC proliferation during differentiation. To clarify the mechanism responsible for the effect of bFGF, we also investigated the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in the induced cells. Our results suggest that morphological changes in MSCs induced by bFGF depend on the activation of ERK, and bFGF may be an indispensable factor that induces MSCs to differentiate into cells with SCs phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China; Surgical Comprehensive Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Aizhen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Donghui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Fei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China.
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18
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Sollome JJ, Thavathiru E, Camenisch TD, Vaillancourt RR. HER2/HER3 regulates extracellular acidification and cell migration through MTK1 (MEKK4). Cell Signal 2013; 26:70-82. [PMID: 24036211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human MAP3K4 (MTK1) functions upstream of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In this study we show MTK1 is required for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/3 (HER2/HER3)-heregulin beta1 (HRG) induced cell migration in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We demonstrate that HRG stimulation leads to association of MTK1 with activated HER3 in MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cells. Activated HER3 association with MTK1 is dependent on HER2 activation and is decreased by pre-treatment with the HER2 inhibitor, lapatinib. Moreover, we also identify the actin interacting region (AIR) on MTK1. Disruption of actin cytoskeletal polymerization with cytochalasin D inhibited HRG induced MTK1/HER3 association. Additionally, HRG stimulation leads to extracellular acidification that is independent of cellular proliferation. HRG induced extracellular acidification is significantly inhibited when MTK1 is knocked down in MCF-7 cells. Similarly, pre-treatment with lapatinib significantly decreased HRG induced extracellular acidification. Extracellular acidification is linked with cancer cell migration. We performed scratch assays that show HRG induced cell migration in MCF-7 cells. Knockdown of MTK1 significantly inhibited HRG induced cell migration. Furthermore, pre-treatment with lapatinib also significantly decreased cell migration. Cell migration is required for cancer cell metastasis, which is the major cause of cancer patient mortality. We identify MTK1 in the HER2/HER3-HRG mediated extracellular acidification and cell migration pathway in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Sollome
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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19
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Abstract
A major rate-limiting step in nonviral gene delivery is the entry of nucleic acids across various membrane barriers and eventually into the nucleus where it must be transcribed. Cell-penetrating peptides and proteins are employed to generate formulations that overcome these challenges to facilitate DNA delivery into cells efficiently. However, these are limited by their inability to deliver nucleic acids selectively due to lack of specificity because they deliver to both cancer and normal cells. In this study, through modular design, we generated a recombinant fusion protein designated as Her-nuclear localization sequence (Her-NLS), where heregulin-α (Her), a targeting moiety, was cloned in frame with cationic NLS peptide to obtain a cell-specific targeting biomolecule for nucleic acid delivery. The heregulin-α1 isoform possesses the epidermal growth factor-like domain and binds to HER2/3 heterodimers which are overexpressed in certain breast cancers. Purified recombinant Her-NLS fusion protein binds plasmid DNA and specifically transfects MDA-MB-453 cells overexpressing the epidermal growth factor receptors HER2/3 in vitro. The approach described would also permit replacement of heregulin ligand with other targeting moieties that would be suited to cell-specific nucleic acid delivery mediated via receptor-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Jeyarajan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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20
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Yoo JY, Wang XW, Rishi AK, Lessor T, Xia XM, Gustafson TA, Hamburger AW. Interaction of the PA2G4 (EBP1) protein with ErbB-3 and regulation of this binding by heregulin. Br J Cancer 2000; 82:683-90. [PMID: 10682683 PMCID: PMC2363329 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.1999.0981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes by which ErbB-3, an inactive tyrosine kinase, exerts its biological effects are poorly understood. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have isolated an ErbB-3 binding protein (Ebp1) that interacts with the juxtamembrane domain of ErbB-3. This protein is identical to that predicted to be encoded for by the human PA2G4 gene. Ebp1 is the human homologue of a previously identified cell cycle-regulated mouse protein p38-2G4. Two transcripts of ebp1 mRNA (1.7 and 2.2 kb) were detected in several normal human organs. The interaction of Ebp1 with ErbB-3 was examined in vitro and in vivo. The first 15 amino acids of the juxtamembrane domain of ErbB-3 were essential for Ebp1 binding in vitro. Treatment of AU565 cells with the ErbB-3 ligand heregulin resulted in dissociation of Ebp1 from ErbB-3. Ebp1 translocated from the cytoplasm into the nucleus following heregulin stimulation. These findings suggest that Ebp1 may be a downstream member of an ErbB-3-regulated signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Yoo
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA
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