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Silva EJNL, Peña-Bengoa F, Ajuz NC, Vieira VTL, Martins JNR, Marques D, Pinto R, Rito Pereira M, Braz-Fernandes FM, Versiani MA. Multimethod analysis of large- and low-tapered single file reciprocating instruments: Design, metallurgy, mechanical performance, and irrigation flow. Int Endod J 2024; 57:601-616. [PMID: 38376108 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM To compare eight large- and low-tapered heat-treated reciprocating instruments regarding their design, metallurgy, mechanical properties, and irrigation flow through an in silico model. METHODOLOGY A total of 472 new 25-mm E-Flex Rex (25/.04 and 25/.06), Excalibur (25/.05), Procodile (25/.06), Reciproc Blue R25 (25/.08v), WaveOne Gold Primary (25/.07v), and Univy Sense (25/.04 and 25/.06) instruments were evaluated regarding their design (stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and 3D surface scanning), metallurgy (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry), and mechanical performance (cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance, cutting ability, bending and buckling resistance). Computational fluid dynamics assessment was also conducted to determine the irrigation flow pattern, apical pressure, and wall shear stress in simulated canal preparations. Kruskal-Wallis and one-way anova post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical comparisons (α = 5%). RESULTS Instruments presented variations in blade numbers, helical angles, and tip designs, with all featuring non-active tips, symmetrical blades, and equiatomic nickel-titanium ratios. Cross-sectional designs exhibited an S-shaped geometry, except for WaveOne Gold. Univy 25/.04 and Reciproc Blue displayed the smallest and largest core diameters at D3. Univy 25/.04 and E-Flex Rec 25/.04 demonstrated the longest time to fracture (p < .05). Reciproc Blue and Univy 25/.04 exhibited the highest and lowest torque to fracture, respectively (p < .05). Univy 25/.04 and Reciproc Blue had the highest rotation angles, whilst E-Flex Rec 25/.06 showed the lowest angle (p < .05). The better cutting ability was observed with E-Flex Rec 25/.06, Procodile, Excalibur, and Reciproc Blue (p > .05). Reciproc R25 and E-Flex Rec showed the highest buckling resistance values (p < .05), with WaveOne Gold being the least flexible instrument. The impact of instruments' size and taper on wall shear stress and apical pressure did not follow a distinct pattern, although Univy 25/.04 and E-Flex Rec 25/.06 yielded the highest and lowest values for both parameters, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Low-tapered reciprocating instruments exhibit increased flexibility, higher time to fracture, and greater angles of rotation, coupled with reduced maximum bending loads and buckling strength compared to large-tapered instruments. Nevertheless, low-tapered systems also exhibit lower maximum torque to fracture and inferior cutting ability, contributing to a narrower apical canal enlargement that may compromise the penetration of irrigants in that region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando Peña-Bengoa
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Natasha C Ajuz
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor T L Vieira
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge N R Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE) - Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Duarte Marques
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE) - Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pinto
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mario Rito Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Manuel Braz-Fernandes
- CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Marco A Versiani
- Oral Health Center, Brazilian Military Police, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Silva EJNL, Martins JNR, Versiani MA. Advancing insights in contemporary endodontics: Proposing a multimethod approach for comprehensive evaluation of NiTi instruments. Int Endod J 2024; 57:116-118. [PMID: 38072826 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge N R Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE) - Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marco Aurélio Versiani
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Oral Health Center, Brazilian Military Police, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Tonna R, Chatzistergos PE, Wyatt O, Chockalingam N. Reliability and Validity of Shore Hardness in Plantar Soft Tissue Biomechanics. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:539. [PMID: 38257632 PMCID: PMC10818800 DOI: 10.3390/s24020539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Shore hardness (SH) is a cost-effective and easy-to-use method to assess soft tissue biomechanics. Its use for the plantar soft tissue could enhance the clinical management of conditions such as diabetic foot complications, but its validity and reliability remain unclear. Twenty healthy adults were recruited for this study. Validity and reliability were assessed across six different plantar sites. The validity was assessed against shear wave (SW) elastography (the gold standard). SH was measured by two examiners to assess inter-rater reliability. Testing was repeated following a test/retest study design to assess intra-rater reliability. SH was significantly correlated with SW speed measured in the skin or in the microchamber layer of the first metatarsal head (MetHead), third MetHead and rearfoot. Intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots of limits of agreement indicated satisfactory levels of reliability for these sites. No significant correlation between SH and SW elastography was found for the hallux, 5th MetHead or midfoot. Reliability for these sites was also compromised. SH is a valid and reliable measurement for plantar soft tissue biomechanics in the first MetHead, the third MetHead and the rearfoot. Our results do not support the use of SH for the hallux, 5th MetHead or midfoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redent Tonna
- Department of Engineering, School of Digital, Technologies and Arts, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, UK;
| | - Panagiotis E. Chatzistergos
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, UK; (O.W.); (N.C.)
| | - Otis Wyatt
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, UK; (O.W.); (N.C.)
| | - Nachiappan Chockalingam
- Centre for Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Technologies, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DE, UK; (O.W.); (N.C.)
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Lara C, Bezmalinovic A, García-Herrera C, Ríos S, Valenzuela LM, Martínez CE. Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) Obtained from Smokers and Nonsmokers Shows a Similar Uniaxial Tensile Response In Vitro. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3286. [PMID: 38137506 PMCID: PMC10741047 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated and compared the biomechanical properties of Leukocyte-and Platelet Rich Fibrin L-PRF clots and membranes derived from smoker and nonsmoker donors. Twenty venous-blood donors (aged 18 to 50 years) were included after signing informed consent forms. L-PRF clots were analyzed and then compressed to obtain L-PRF membranes. L-PRF clot and membrane samples were tested in quasi-static uniaxial tension and the stress-stretch response was registered and characterized. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope representative images were taken to see the fibrin structure from both groups. The analysis of stress-stretch curves allowed us to evaluate the statistical significance in differences between smoker and nonsmoker groups. L-PRF membranes showed a stiffer response and higher tensile strength when compared to L-PRF clots. However, no statistically significant differences were found between samples from smokers and nonsmokers. With the limitations of our in vitro study, we can suggest that the tensile properties of L-PRF clots and membranes from the blood of smokers and nonsmokers are similar. More studies are necessary to fully characterize the effect of smoking on the biomechanical behavior of this platelet concentrate, to further encourage its use as an alternative to promote wound healing in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Lara
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Alejandro Bezmalinovic
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Claudio García-Herrera
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (C.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Susana Ríos
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile;
| | - Loreto M. Valenzuela
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Research Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials “CIEN-UC”, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Constanza E. Martínez
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile;
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620086, Chile
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Lubauer J, Lohbauer U, Belli R. Fatigue Threshold R-Curves for Dental Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1106-1113. [PMID: 37448337 PMCID: PMC10467012 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231180565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical and mechanical fatigue degradation in ceramic materials is generally inconspicuous yet ubiquitous, to the effect that clinical fractures still consist of the main cause of failure in all-ceramic restorations. Implications of this span wide, from a reduced survival prognosis for the affected teeth, including more frequent and increasingly invasive procedural interventions, to the financial burden borne by individuals and health care systems. To suffice as an effective corrective, restoration lifetimes need only to be extended so to outlive the patient. That opens a box of problems from a materials science standpoint, entailing inherent deficiencies of brittle materials to resist mechanical and environmental challenges. Efforts in developing more damage-tolerant and fatigue-resistant restoratives go thus hand in hand with understanding intrinsic mechanisms of crack growth behavior under conditions that simulate the oral environment. Here we developed experiments using size-relevant sharp precracked specimens with controlled size and geometry (truncated semielliptical crack in the surface-crack-in-biaxial-flexure method) to establish a relationship between crack size and strength. The tangent method was used to construct envelopes for the quasi-static resistance curves (R-curves), which served as template for deriving residual cyclic R-curve analogs. By means of experimentally obtained stress-cycle curves, lifetime and fatigue parameters were employed within a mechanistic framework to reveal constitutive toughening mechanisms during subcritical growth under cyclic loading in a wet environment. Using 3 modern dental lithium disilicate glass-ceramics, we demonstrate the extent of R-curve degradation up to a threshold of 10 million cycles (~30 y in service) and draw parallels between the scope of fatigue degradation and the size of the microstructural units responsible for toughening mechanisms in glass-ceramic materials. Our results indicate that larger microstructural elements endow glass-ceramics with a higher reaching quasi-static R-curve at the onset but degrading more rapidly to comparable levels of lithium disilicates having submicrometric and nanometric crystal phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Lubauer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Zahnklinik 1–Zahnerhaltung und Parodontologie, Forschungslabor für dentale Biomaterialien, Erlangen, Germany
| | - U. Lohbauer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Zahnklinik 1–Zahnerhaltung und Parodontologie, Forschungslabor für dentale Biomaterialien, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R. Belli
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Zahnklinik 1–Zahnerhaltung und Parodontologie, Forschungslabor für dentale Biomaterialien, Erlangen, Germany
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Silva LS, Bento VAA, Brunetto JL, Pesqueira AA. Polyetheretherketone materials for removable partial denture frameworks: an integrative review. Gen Dent 2023; 71:58-62. [PMID: 37358585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) resin is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer that has been introduced as a possible candidate to replace metallic components in dental prostheses. The objective of this integrative review was to compare, through analysis of studies in the literature, the mechanical performance of removable partial denture frameworks and clasps manufactured with PEEK with the performance of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) frameworks and clasps. The guiding question was, "Does the use of PEEK as a substitute for Co-Cr alloys for the construction of removable partial denture frameworks result in better mechanical properties?" The PubMed/ MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO databases were searched for articles published through October 2021. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies was used to assess the methodologic quality of the selected in vitro studies. A total of 208 articles were identified. After the exclusion of duplicates and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 7 studies- -4 in vitro and 3 three-dimensional finite element analyses- -published between 2012 and 2021 were included in the integrative review. The appraisal checklist revealed that the reviewed studies had a low risk of bias and high methodologic quality. The results of the review showed that PEEK alloys have adequate mechanical properties for use in clasps and removable partial denture frameworks, but Co-Cr alloys exhibit better mechanical properties and are more suitable in most circumstances.
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Zheng Y, Li X, Liu P, Chen Y, Guo C. The Flexible Armor of Chinese Sturgeon: Potential Contribution of Fish Skin on Fracture Toughness and Flexural Response. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:232. [PMID: 37366827 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish skin is a biological material with high flexibility and compliance and can provide good mechanical protection against sharp punctures. This unusual structural function makes fish skin a potential biomimetic design model for flexible, protective, and locomotory systems. In this work, tensile fracture tests, bending tests, and calculation analyses were conducted to study the toughening mechanism of sturgeon fish skin, the bending response of the whole Chinese sturgeon, and the effect of bony plates on the flexural stiffness of the fish body. Morphological observations showed some placoid scales with drag-reduction functions on the skin surface of the Chinese sturgeon. The mechanical tests revealed that the sturgeon fish skin displayed good fracture toughness. Moreover, flexural stiffness decreased gradually from the anterior region to the posterior region of the fish body, which means that the posterior region (near the tail) had higher flexibility. Under large bending deformation, the bony plates had a specific inhibition effect on the bending deformation of the fish body, especially in the posterior region of the fish body. Furthermore, the test results of the dermis-cut samples showed that the sturgeon fish skin had a significant impact on flexural stiffness, and the fish skin could act as an external tendon to promote effective swimming motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Suqian University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Suqian University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Suqian University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Suqian University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Ce Guo
- Institute of Bio-Inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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Lobov E, Dobrydneva A, Vindokurov I, Tashkinov M. Effect of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforcement on Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092011. [PMID: 37177159 PMCID: PMC10181410 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of short carbon fiber (SCF) filler on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) was investigated. The fused filament fabrication (FFF) method was used for the manufacturing of samples. Elastic properties and strength characteristics of samples made of conventional ABS and SCF-reinforced ABS were compared in tensile and bending tests. Fracture toughness and critical strain energy release rate were also determined. In addition, 3D-printed monofilament SCF-reinforced samples were fabricated, the internal structure of which was analyzed using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Based on the tomography data, finite-element (FE) models of representative volume elements (RVEs) of the reinforced material were created and used for the numerical calculation of effective characteristics. Numerical and experimental results for the effective elastic properties were compared with the Mori-Tanaka homogenization technique. The ABS samples filled with SCF showed considerably higher mechanical characteristics than those of the conventional ABS. Finally, the dependence between the strength characteristics and elastic properties of the samples on the diameter of the nozzle used for 3D printing was established. 3D-printed ABS reinforced with SCF demonstrated a gain in tensile strength and fracture toughness by 30% and 20%, respectively. Interlayer adhesion strength in flexure tests showed an increase of 28% compared to pure ABS samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Lobov
- Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm 614990, Russia
| | - Anastasia Dobrydneva
- Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm 614990, Russia
| | - Ilia Vindokurov
- Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm 614990, Russia
| | - Mikhail Tashkinov
- Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm 614990, Russia
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Teimoorian M, Mirzaie M, Tashakkorian H, Gholinia H, Alaghemand H, Pournajaf A, Ghorbanipour R. Effects of adding functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets on physical, mechanical, and anti-biofilm properties of acrylic resin: In vitro- experimental study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2023; 20:37. [PMID: 37180695 PMCID: PMC10166752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polymethyl methacrylate resin is widely used in orthodontic treatments. Graphene oxide (GO) has reactive functional groups on its surface that facilitate binding to various materials such as polymers, biomolecules, DNA, and proteins. This study aimed to investigate the impact of adding functionalized GO nanosheets on the physical, mechanical, cytotoxicity, and anti-biofilm properties of acrylic resin. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, fifty samples (for each test) were divided into groups of 10, in the form of acrylic resin discs with concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 weight percentage (wt%) of functionalized GO nanosheets and also the control group. Samples were evaluated in terms of physical properties (surface hardness, surface roughness, compressive strength, fracture toughness, and flexural strength), anti-biofilm properties (On four groups of micro-organisms, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans), and cytotoxicity. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22, descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance test, and Tukey post hoc test. The significance level was considered P < 0.05. Results No significant difference was observed between the different groups with weight percentages of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2% nano GO (nGO) and the control group (without nGO) in terms of surface roughness and toughness. However, compressive strength, three-point flexural strength, and surface hardness showed significant differences between the groups. Furthermore, the degree of cytotoxicity increased by increasing the weight percentage of nano-GO. Conclusion The addition of functionalized nGO in appropriate concentrations to polymethyl methacrylate can improve the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal biofilm properties without changing or increasing their physical and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Teimoorian
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Maysam Mirzaie
- Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Hamed Tashakkorian
- Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Hemmat Gholinia
- Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Homayoon Alaghemand
- Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Abazar Pournajaf
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
| | - Reza Ghorbanipour
- Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R.Iran
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Lungu IB, Miu L, Cutrubinis M, Stanculescu I. Physical Chemical Investigation of Gamma-Irradiated Parchment for Preservation of Cultural Heritage. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36850317 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The historical artefacts of parchment are prone to degradation if the storage conditions are improper due to the collagen structure having a limited stability under physical, chemical, and biological agent attacks. The parchment structure is difficult to characterize due to the variety of manufacturing traditions (eastern/western), intrinsic variability of skins (i.e., species, breeding variation, living conditions, effects of pathologies, etc.), biodeterioration, and aging, and the main concern in its analysis is its uniformity. The deterioration of parchment collagen produces a rather stiff or in some circumstances, a relaxed structure. Any intervention or treatment of unique, very precious cultural heritage artefacts must not negatively influence the properties of the component materials. Gamma irradiation is a relatively new technique of bioremediation. Data on the leather properties pre- and post-ionizing radiation bioremediation treatments are few in the literature. Fewer data are available on the historical leather and parchment physical chemical characteristics after ionizing gamma irradiation. This research had two main objectives: (i) the characterization of the parchment structure's uniformity across the analyzed areas and its mechanical properties, i.e., tensile stress by mechanical tests and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy; and (ii) to establish parchment tolerance when exposed to ionizing gamma radiation as a pre-requisite for cultural heritage preservation irradiation treatment. It was found that the mechanical tests and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy may identify changes in the parchment's irradiated structure and that the preservation of cultural heritage parchment artefacts may be performed at maximum 15 kGy gamma irradiation dose.
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Vokoun D, Samal S, Stachiv I. Impact of Initial Cyclic Loading on Mechanical Properties and Performance of Nafion. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1488. [PMID: 36772526 PMCID: PMC9920180 DOI: 10.3390/s23031488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nafion possesses many interesting properties such as a high ion-conductivity, hydrophilicity, and thermal and chemical stability that make this material highly suitable for many applications including fuel cells and various (bio-)chemical and physical sensors. However, the mechanical properties of a Nafion membrane that are known to be affected by the viscoplastic characteristics of the material itself have a strong impact on the performance of Nafion-based sensors. In this study, the mechanical properties of Nafion under the cyclic loading have been investigated in detail. After cyclic tensile loading (i.e., maximum elongation about 25% at a room temperature and relative humidity about 40%) a time-dependent recovery comes into play. This recovery process is also shown being strain-rate dependent. Our results reveal that the recovery behavior weakens after performing several stress-strain cycles. Present findings can be of a great importance in future design of various chemical and biological microsensors and nanosensors such as hydrogen or glucose ones.
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Ayşeşek N, Arısan V, Balcıoğlu NB, Erol A, Kuruoğlu F, Tekkeşin MS, Ersanlı S. Boron- and Boric Acid-Treated Titanium Implant Surfaces in Sheep Tibia: A Histologic, Histomorphometric and Mechanical Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9110705. [PMID: 36421106 PMCID: PMC9687523 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the topographical, chemical and osseointegration characteristics of sandblasting and acid-etching (SLA) surfaces and dental implants treated by boron compounds. Titanium (Ti) disks (n = 20) were modified using boron (B) and boric acid (H3BO3) and then compared with the conventional SLA surface via surface topographic characterizations. Dental implants (3.5 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length) with the experimental surfaces (n = 96) were inserted into the tibias of six sheep, which were left to heal for 3 and 7 weeks. Histologic, histomorphometric (bone−implant contact (BIC%)) and mechanical tests (removal torque value (RTV)) were performed. The boron-coated surface (BC group) was smoother (Rz: 4.51 μm ± 0.13) than the SLA (5.86 μm ± 0.80) and the SLA-B (5.75 μm ± 0.64) groups (p = 0.033). After 3 weeks, the highest mean RTV was found in the SLA group (37 N/cm ± 2.87), and the difference compared with the BC group (30 N/cm ± 2.60) was statistically significant (p = 0.004). After 7 weeks, the mean RTV was >80 N/cm in all groups; the highest was measured in the H3BO3-treated (BS) group (89 N/cm ± 1.53) (p < 0.0001). No statistically significant differences were found in the BIC%s during both healing periods between the groups. H3BO3 seems to be a promising medium for dental implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Ayşeşek
- Department of Oral Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul University, Fatih, 34452 İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Volkan Arısan
- Department of Oral Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul University, Fatih, 34452 İstanbul, Türkiye
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Ayşe Erol
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, İstanbul University, Fatih, 34452 İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Furkan Kuruoğlu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, İstanbul University, Fatih, 34452 İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Merva Soluk Tekkeşin
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Institute of Oncology, İstanbul University, Fatih, 34452 İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Selim Ersanlı
- Department of Oral Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul University, Fatih, 34452 İstanbul, Türkiye
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de Souza Balbinot G, Mendes Nobre do Espírito Santo C, Leitune VCB, Visioli F, Duarte Soares RM, Sauro S, Collares FM. Antibacterial Effect of Triazine in Barrier Membranes with Therapeutic Activity for Guided Bone Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36365476 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to develop polymer-based barrier membranes based on poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) with the addition of 1,3,5-triacriloilhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (TAT). Materials and Methods: Polymeric solutions were used to produce membranes with 5 wt% and 10 wt% of TAT by solvent casting. Membranes without the addition of TAT were used as controls. The membranes were chemically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TGA); surface properties were assessed by profilometry and contact angle; the mechanical behavior was evaluated by a tensile test, and the biological properties were assessed by direct−indirect cell viability and antibacterial activity by S. mutans and S. aureus colony-forming units. Results: TAT was detected in the FTIR and TGA analyses and modified the top surface of the membranes, increasing their roughness and wetness in both concentrations compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The addition of TAT, regardless of concentration, reduced the tensile strength and increased membrane stiffness (p < 0.05). The cell viability of 5 wt% TAT and 10 wt% TAT was 86.37% and 82.36%, respectively. All tested concentrations reduced the formation of biofilm on the membranes when compared to the control. Conclusion: The addition of TAT successfully resulted in the antimicrobial ability of PBAT-based barrier membranes, while it maintained acceptable levels of cell viability in membranes with adequate handling and surface properties.
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Lourinho C, Salgado H, Correia A, Fonseca P. Mechanical Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate as Denture Base Material: Heat-Polymerized vs. 3D-Printed-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102565. [PMID: 36289826 PMCID: PMC9599137 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergy between dentistry and informatics has allowed the emergence of new technologies, specifically 3D printing, which has led to the development of new materials. The aim of this research was to compare the mechanical properties of dental base resins for 3D printing with conventional ones. This systematic review was developed using the PRISMA guidelines, and the electronic literature search was performed with the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science-MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, until 30 April 2022. Two researchers selected the studies independently, and thus eight articles were found eligible for analysis. A meta-analysis was developed to estimate flexural strength. The Cohen's kappa corresponding to this review was 1.00, and the risk assessment was considered low for the included studies. The 3D printing resin presented lower values of flexural strength and hardness compared with the heat-cured resin. Regarding impact strength, a lower value was recorded for the heat-cured resin compared with the 3D printing resin. Three-dimensional printing resins are viable materials for making prosthetic bases but need further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Lourinho
- Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Helena Salgado
- Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - André Correia
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Fonseca
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculty of Dental Medicine (FMD), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
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Hinz S, Bensel T, Bömicke W, Boeckler AF. In Vitro Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Hypoallergenic Denture Base Resins. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:3611. [PMID: 35629638 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of hypoallergenic denture resins is key to the treatment of patients with allergies to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). In this study, the in vitro mechanical properties of hypoallergenic and PMMA denture base resins were compared. Ninety-six test specimens of hypoallergenic denture base resins (Polyan Plus®, Sinomer, TMS Acetal Dental, Erkocryl) and 72 test specimens of PMMA-based denture base resins (Paladon 65, PalaXpress, SR-Ivocap) were fabricated. The flexural strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength, macro- and microhardness, average roughness, water absorption, and water solubility of the resins were measured. None of the hypoallergenic denture resins matched all the mechanical properties of the PMMA resins. Polyan Plus® and TMS Acetal Dental were closest to matching the mechanical properties of the PMMA resins, and TMS Acetal Dental had some superior properties. Consequently, Polyan Plus® and TMS Acetal Dental hypoallergenic resins are recommended for further investigation as potential alternatives to PMMA resins for the fabrication of removable dentures.
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Oliveira JR, da Cruz MEM, Dovigo LN, Fonseca RG. Long-term effects of simulated gastric juice alternated with brushing on hardness, substance loss, flexural strength and reliability of CAD-CAM monolithic materials. J Appl Oral Sci 2022; 30:e20210536. [PMID: 35507986 PMCID: PMC9064190 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to evaluate, over a simulated 5-year period, the effect of simulated gastric juice alternated with brushing on CAD-CAM monolithic materials considering microhardness, substance loss, flexural strength, and reliability of the materials. METHODOLOGY Blocks from Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Enamic (VE), IPS Empress CAD (EMP), IPS e.max CAD (EMAX), and Vita Suprinity (VS) were milled into cylinders and sliced into disks. The EMAX and VS were crystallized, and all specimens were polished with silicon carbide papers and allocated as follows: 1) artificial saliva + brushing or 2) simulated gastric juice (0.113% hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution in deionized water, pH 1.2) + brushing, simulating 1, 3, and 5 years of clinical function. Each year of clinical function was simulated by three repetitions of immersion for 3 hours in artificial saliva or simulated gastric juice followed by 1,217 brushing cycles. The microhardness and substance loss were evaluated at baseline (T0) and at each year by using a Vickers hardness tester and an analytical balance. The biaxial flexural strength (BFS) test was performed in a mechanical testing machine at the end of the 5th year. Weibull modulus was calculated from the BFS data. RESULTS The microhardness of the LU was not influenced by the treatment, whereas that of the other materials, in certain years, was significantly lower in the gastric juice + brushing groups in comparison with artificial saliva + brushing groups. In general, the materials did not present a significant change in microhardness over time, for either of the treatments. The LU alone showed greater substance loss in the gastric juice + brushing groups for every year. In both treatments, the LU, VE, and EMP exhibited a significant increase in the substance loss over time. The treatment did not affect the BFS of the materials. The gastric juice + brushing decreased the reliability of the VE. CONCLUSIONS All materials were somehow impaired by the gastric juice + brushing in at least one of the evaluated parameters, except for the BFS. However, in a deeper analysis, the LU would be the least indicated materials, followed by VE, for patients with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jailson Rodrigues Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual PaulistaFaculdade de Odontologia de AraraquaraDepartamento de Materiais Odontológicos e PróteseAraraquaraSPBrasilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese, Araraquara, SP, Brasil.
| | - Marlon Eduardo Menezes da Cruz
- Universidade Estadual PaulistaFaculdade de Odontologia de AraraquaraDepartamento de Materiais Odontológicos e PróteseAraraquaraSPBrasilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese, Araraquara, SP, Brasil.
| | - Lívia Nordi Dovigo
- Universidade Estadual PaulistaFaculdade de Odontologia de AraraquaraDepartamento de Odontologia SocialAraraquaraSPBrasilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Odontologia Social, Araraquara, SP, Brasil.
| | - Renata Garcia Fonseca
- Universidade Estadual PaulistaFaculdade de Odontologia de AraraquaraDepartamento de Materiais Odontológicos e PróteseAraraquaraSPBrasilUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese, Araraquara, SP, Brasil.
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Ockerman A, Hendrickx A, Willekens W, Fehervary H, Vastmans J, Coucke W, Verhamme P, Politis C, Vanassche T, Braem A, Quirynen M, Jacobs R. Mechanical properties and cellular content of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin membranes of patients on antithrombotic drugs. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:623-631. [PMID: 35385142 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to examine the potential influence of antithrombotics on leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membranes. METHODS Tensile tests and cell counts were performed with L-PRF membranes originating from patients on anticoagulants and antiplatelets versus patients not taking antithrombotics. RESULTS For the tensile tests, 13 control patients, 12 on anticoagulants, and 10 on antiplatelets donated blood. Compared to controls, membranes from anticoagulated donors were weaker (strength 0.57 ± 0.24 MPa vs. 0.80 ± 0.27 MPa, p = .03) and could not be stretched as far (1.8 ± 0.3 vs. 2.1 ± 0.3 times the initial length, p = .01). For the cell counting, 23 control patients, 16 on anticoagulants, and 16 on antiplatelets donated blood. The percentage of platelets was ±50% in the three groups. The percentage of leukocytes was lower in the anticoagulant group compared with controls (69 ± 10% vs. 78 ± 8%, p = .04). However, because of the unknown error of method, it is questionable whether the statistical significance is meaningful. There was no difference between membranes from the control group and the group on antiplatelets. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that L-PRF membranes originating from patients on anticoagulants are weaker, stretch less far, and contain less leukocytes than L-PRF membranes of patients not taking these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ockerman
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amber Hendrickx
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Willekens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, FIBEr KU Leuven Core Facility for Biomechanical Experimentation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heleen Fehervary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, FIBEr KU Leuven Core Facility for Biomechanical Experimentation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie Vastmans
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, FIBEr KU Leuven Core Facility for Biomechanical Experimentation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Coucke
- Certified Freelance Statistician, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Constantinus Politis
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanassche
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Braem
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Quirynen
- Section of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Avetisov SE, Osipyan GA, Abukerimova AK, Akovantseva AA, Efremov YM, Frolova AA, Kotova SL, Timashev PS. [Experimental studies of the biomechanical properties of the cornea]. Vestn Oftalmol 2022; 138:124-131. [PMID: 35801891 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2022138031124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The review presents the results of experimental studies of the biomechanical properties of the cornea. Selective evaluation of the individual corneal structures (for example, limiting membranes) using classical mechanical tests is to a certain extent limited due to the rather small thickness of these structures and the related difficulties in sample fixation. In real practice, the use of a method better adapted for conducting such studies - atomic force microscopy (AFM) - remains promising, since on the one hand it eliminates the need for mechanical capture and retention of the sample, and on the other - provides the capability for studying its segments separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Avetisov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - G A Osipyan
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - A A Akovantseva
- Institute of Photonic Technologies of the Crystallography and Photonics Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu M Efremov
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Frolova
- Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare Center of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - S L Kotova
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - P S Timashev
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare Center of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Photonic Technologies of the Crystallography and Photonics Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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Cifuentes-Jimenez C, Alvarez-Lloret P, Benavides-Reyes C, Gonzalez-Lopez S, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Bolaños-Carmona MV. Physicochemical and Mechanical Effects of Commercial Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) Agents on Demineralized Dentin. J Adhes Dent 2021; 23:557-567. [PMID: 34817971 DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.b2288097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of four commercial silver diamine fluoride (SDF) agents on the chemical composition and microstructural properties of dentin, and its relation to the bond strength of two adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety human molars were randomly divided into sound dentin (negative control), demineralized dentin (positive control), and four experimental groups (n = 15) according to the SDF treatments (Cariestop [Biodinamica Quimica y Farmaceutica], RivaStar 1 [SDI], RivaStar 2 [SDI], and Saforide [Tokyo Seiyaku Kasei]). ATR-FTIR, x-ray diffraction, and SEM techniques were employed to characterize the compositional, crystalline, and microstructural properties of the samples. The microtensile bond strength test evaluated the bonding performance of two adhesives in demineralized dentin treated with SDF agents. RESULTS Regarding the chemical composition, all SDF-treated groups showed a significantly higher phosphate:organic matrix ratio than the demineralized dentin group (p < 0.05). The XRD analyses revealed that the crystallite size for hydroxyapatite crystals increased on the surface areas (deep, medium, and superficial dentin) for all experimental groups compared to demineralized dentin (p < 0.05). SEM images showed that the behavior of the agents used differs on each surface treated. Bond strength values were adversely affected with both adhesive systems in the four experimental groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The application of SDF agents resulted in the formation of different crystalline phases of silver salts and the increase of mineralization of the pretreated demineralized dentin. However, SDF application showed a negative effect on the bond strength of the adhesives.
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Spairani Y, Cisternino A, Foti D, Lerna M, Ivorra S. Study of the Behavior of Structural Materials Treated with Bioconsolidant. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14185369. [PMID: 34576599 PMCID: PMC8465772 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article, the effectiveness of the bioconsolidation technique applied to degraded structural materials is illustrated as a new method of consolidation and conservation of the existing building heritage in a less invasive way. Satisfactory results have been obtained by an experimental campaign carried out through non-destructive diagnostic tests, static destructive mechanical tests, and microstructural analyses on a series of natural stone material specimens and artificial stone materials before and after the use of bioconsolidants. The consolidated specimens have been tested after three to four weeks after the application of the M3P nutritional solution on each specimen. The effect on the microstructure of this technique has also been observed using scanning electron microscope and optical photomicrograph, the formation of new calcium carbonate crystals promoting the structural consolidation of the materials under examination was observed in all the specimens analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Spairani
- Department of Architectural Constructions, University of Alicante, San Vicente Del Raspeig, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Arianna Cisternino
- Department of Civil Engineering Sciences and Architecture, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Dora Foti
- Department of Civil Engineering Sciences and Architecture, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michela Lerna
- Department of Civil Engineering Sciences and Architecture, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Salvador Ivorra
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Alicante, San Vicente Del Raspeig, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
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Szczucka-Lasota B, Węgrzyn T, Szymczak T, Jurek A. High Martensitic Steel after Welding with Micro-Jet Cooling in Microstructural and Mechanical Investigations. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14040936. [PMID: 33669449 PMCID: PMC7920426 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Modern means of transport will play a significant role in the smart city. In the automotive industry, high-strength steels such as Docol are employed more often. This kind of material is relatively not very well weldable. The main reason is related to the Heat Affect Zone, the region in which cracks occur. Another disadvantage is connected with differences in values of ultimate strength of parent and weld material. The differences can be diminished using the correct welding process, which employs nickel and molybdenum electrode wires at much lower sulfur content. The weld metal deposit contains mainly martensite and bainite with coarse ferrite, while the parent material contains mainly martensite and rather fine ferrite. New technology, micro-jet cooling after the joining process enables to obtain the microstructure of weld metal deposit at acceptable parameters. Welding with micro-jet cooling could be treated as a very promising welding Docol steels process with high industrial application. Results of non-destructive inspections on macro samples corresponded with further destructive test results (tensile strength, hardness, fatigue, metallographic structure analyses). This article aims to verify fatigue behavior of Docol 1200 M steel after welding supported by the cooling using the micro-jet technique. For the first time, micro-jet cooling was used to weld this kind of steel to check the mechanical properties of the joint, especially to determine the fatigue limit. This study is formulated as follows: investigating fatigue resistance of the Docol 1200 M weld manufactured at the cooling process with micro-jets. The joints were produced in the MAG (Metal Active Gas) technology modified by micro-jet cooling. The results collected in the fatigue test were processed in the form of the Wöhler’s S–N diagram following the fatigue limit of the weld examined. All data have indicated the possibility of obtaining a new method of welded joints with high fatigue limit minimum of 480 MPa. It could be important to achieve a tensile strength of 700 MPa while maintaining the best relative elongation at the level of the base material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Szczucka-Lasota
- Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-119 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Węgrzyn
- Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-119 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-504-816-362
| | - Tadeusz Szymczak
- Department of Vehicle Type-Approval & Testing, Motor Transport Institute, ITS, Jagiellońska 80, 03-301 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Jurek
- Novar Sp. z o. o., Towarowa 2, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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Aliotta L, Vannozzi A, Canesi I, Cinelli P, Coltelli MB, Lazzeri A. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) Compatibilized Binary Biobased Blends: Melt Fluidity, Morphological, Thermo-Mechanical and Micromechanical Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:E218. [PMID: 33435479 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work poly(lactic) acid (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) biobased binary blends were investigated. PLA/PBSA mixtures with different compositions of PBSA (from 15 up to 40 wt.%) were produced by twin screw-extrusion. A first screening study was performed on these blends that were characterized from the melt fluidity, morphological and thermo-mechanical point of view. Starting from the obtained results, the effect of an epoxy oligomer (EO) (added at 2 wt.%) was further investigated. In this case a novel approach was introduced studying the micromechanical deformation processes by dilatometric uniaxial tensile tests, carried out with a videoextensometer. The characterization was then completed adopting the elasto-plastic fracture approach, by the measurement of the capability of the selected blends to absorb energy at a slow rate. The obtained results showed that EO acts as a good compatibilizer, improving the compatibility of the rubber phase into the PLA matrix. Dilatometric results showed different micromechanical responses for the 80–20 and 60–40 blends (probably linked to the different morphology). The 80–20 showed a cavitational behavior while the 60–40 a deviatoric one. It has been observed that while the addition of EO does not alter the micromechanical response of the 60–40 blend, it profoundly changes the response of the 80–20, that passed to a deviatoric behavior with the EO addition.
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Cometa S, Bonifacio MA, Ferreira AM, Gentile P, De Giglio E. Surface Characterization of Electro-Assisted Titanium Implants: A Multi-Technique Approach. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E705. [PMID: 32033256 PMCID: PMC7040792 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of chemical-physical, morphological, and mechanical properties of polymer coatings is a crucial preliminary step for further biological evaluation of the processes occurring on the coatings' surface. Several studies have demonstrated how surface properties play a key role in the interactions between biomolecules (e.g., proteins, cells, extracellular matrix, and biological fluids) and titanium, such as chemical composition (investigated by means of XPS, TOF-SIMS, and ATR-FTIR), morphology (SEM-EDX), roughness (AFM), thickness (Ellipsometry), wettability (CA), solution-surface interactions (QCM-D), and mechanical features (hardness, elastic modulus, adhesion, and fatigue strength). In this review, we report an overview of the main analytical and mechanical methods commonly used to characterize polymer-based coatings deposited on titanium implants by electro-assisted techniques. A description of the relevance and shortcomings of each technique is described, in order to provide suitable information for the design and characterization of advanced coatings or for the optimization of the existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria A. Bonifacio
- Jaber Innovation s.r.l., 00144 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ana M. Ferreira
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK; (A.M.F.); (P.G.)
| | - Piergiorgio Gentile
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK; (A.M.F.); (P.G.)
| | - Elvira De Giglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy;
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Râpă M, Spurcaciu BN, Coman G, Nicolae CA, Gabor RA, Ghioca PN, Berbecaru AC, Matei E, Predescu C. Effect of Styrene-Diene Block Copolymers and Glass Bubbles on the Post-Consumer Recycled Polypropylene Properties. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13030543. [PMID: 31979228 PMCID: PMC7040787 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recycled polypropylene (rPP) materials that meet technical requirements such as reducing the dimensions and improving the tensile, elongation, impact strength, thermal stability, as well as melt processing, are required for the manufacturing industry. In this paper, we studied the mechanical and thermal properties of post-consumer rPP by adding both synthesized thermoplastic elastomers, and glass bubbles (GB) by a melt allowing process. Styrene-butadiene (SBS) and styrene-isoprene (SIS) block-copolymers that had a styrene content of 30 wt% were synthesized by anionic sequential polymerization. The obtained post-consumer rPP composites were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical analyses (tensile, density, hardness, VICAT softening temperature (VST), heat deflection temperature (HDT), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), IZOD strength) and thermal analyses (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)). Weight reduction and improvement of the tensile, elongation, impact strength, thermal stability, as well as melt processing of post-consumer recycled polypropylene (rPP) properties compounded with thermoplastic elastomers and glass bubbles, sustain the use of these formulations for engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Râpă
- Center for Research and Eco-Metallurgical Expertise (ECOMET UPB), University Politehnica from Bucharest, 313 Spl. Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (M.R.); (G.C.); (A.C.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Bogdan Norocel Spurcaciu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry (ICECHIM), 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.N.); (R.A.G.); (P.N.G.)
- Correspondence: (B.N.S.); (E.M.); Tel.: +40-773-912-101 (B.N.S.); +40-724-543-926 (E.M.)
| | - George Coman
- Center for Research and Eco-Metallurgical Expertise (ECOMET UPB), University Politehnica from Bucharest, 313 Spl. Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (M.R.); (G.C.); (A.C.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Cristian Andi Nicolae
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry (ICECHIM), 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.N.); (R.A.G.); (P.N.G.)
| | - Raluca Augusta Gabor
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry (ICECHIM), 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.N.); (R.A.G.); (P.N.G.)
| | - Paul Niculae Ghioca
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry (ICECHIM), 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.A.N.); (R.A.G.); (P.N.G.)
| | - Andrei Constantin Berbecaru
- Center for Research and Eco-Metallurgical Expertise (ECOMET UPB), University Politehnica from Bucharest, 313 Spl. Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (M.R.); (G.C.); (A.C.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Ecaterina Matei
- Center for Research and Eco-Metallurgical Expertise (ECOMET UPB), University Politehnica from Bucharest, 313 Spl. Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (M.R.); (G.C.); (A.C.B.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (B.N.S.); (E.M.); Tel.: +40-773-912-101 (B.N.S.); +40-724-543-926 (E.M.)
| | - Cristian Predescu
- Center for Research and Eco-Metallurgical Expertise (ECOMET UPB), University Politehnica from Bucharest, 313 Spl. Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (M.R.); (G.C.); (A.C.B.); (C.P.)
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Kaczyński P, Ptak M, A O Fernandes F, Chybowski L, Wilhelm J, J Alves de Sousa R. Development and Testing of Advanced Cork Composite Sandwiches for Energy-Absorbing Structures. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12050697. [PMID: 30818808 PMCID: PMC6427594 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cork is a sustainable material with remarkable properties. In addition to its main application as wine stoppers, it has also been employed as a sound and thermal insulator in facades, building roofs, aeronautical applications, and, more recently, in impact energy absorption systems. In its natural form, cork is mainly used in wine stopper manufacturing, but for other applications, cork compounds are usually employed, which makes it possible to manufacture complex geometries with nearly isotropic behavior. In this work, an attempt was made to merge the desirable properties of two different cork materials (agglomerated and expanded black) into cork composite sandwich structures. These structures were tested according to impact conditions typically experienced by energy-absorbing liners used in personal safety devices. Additionally, the performance dependency on the working temperature was analyzed. The sole black, expanded cork (EC159) and agglomerated cork (AC199A and AC216) were tested in 500 J impacts. It was found that black cork was characterized by superior thermal stability, while expanded cork allowed absorbing high energies. In the second stage, the composites consisting of both tested materials were tested in 100 J impact scenarios. The combination of two materials of different properties enabled reduction of the peak force exerted on a helmet user’s head during the impact by about 10% compared to agglomerated specimens. Additionally, it was proved that there was no influence of the glue used to join different cork types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kaczyński
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Ptak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Fábio A O Fernandes
- TEMA: Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Leszek Chybowski
- Faculty of Marine Engineering, Maritime University of Szczecin, Waly Chrobrego 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Johannes Wilhelm
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ricardo J Alves de Sousa
- TEMA: Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Ptak M, Kaczyński P, Wilhelm J, Margarido JMT, Marques PAAP, Pinto SC, Alves de Sousa RJ, Fernandes FAO. Graphene-Enriched Agglomerated Cork Material and Its Behaviour under Quasi-Static and Dynamic Loading. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12010151. [PMID: 30621240 PMCID: PMC6337156 DOI: 10.3390/ma12010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of cork for a variety of applications has been gaining significance due to environmental concerns and political agendas. Consequently, its range of applications is growing rapidly. In this work, aiming to improve its mechanical response for crashworthiness applications, cork agglomerates were enriched by small quantities of graphene oxide or graphene nanoplates in order to observe a resulting improvement of the mechanical behaviour during quasi-static and dynamic compressive loading cases. To produce homogenous cork agglomerates including graphene, the material was previously dispersed into granulated cork using stirrers to achieve a good distribution. Then, the typical procedure of compression and curing was carried out. Magnified images attest a good dispersion of graphene into the cork matrix. Mechanical testing was performed for a variety of graphene concentrations (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 weight %), becoming clear that the beneficial effect of including graphene (either oxide or nanoplates) is related to a later densification stage while keeping the same stress plateau levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Ptak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kaczyński
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Johannes Wilhelm
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - José M T Margarido
- TEMA: Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Paula A A P Marques
- TEMA: Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Susana C Pinto
- TEMA: Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo J Alves de Sousa
- TEMA: Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Fábio A O Fernandes
- TEMA: Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Iannucci L, Del Rosso S, Curtis PT, Pope DJ, Duke PW. Understanding the Thickness Effect on the Tensile Strength Property of Dyneema ®HB26 Laminates. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11081431. [PMID: 30110912 PMCID: PMC6119951 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an experimental and numerical investigation is presented on the effect of thickness and test rate within the pseudo static regime on the tensile properties of Dyneema®HB26 laminates. A detailed experimental presentation on the tensile testing of different thickness is presented and highlights the commonly seen observation that the tensile strength of a laminate reduces as a function of the specimen thickness. To understand these experimental observations, a constitutive material model of the individual macro fibril is developed and applied to modelling the fibre and upscaling to the laminate. The modelling strategy is implemented into ls-dyna and used to perform a parameter study on the specimen geometries used in the experimental study. The model assumes that the fibril strength is a function of the amorphous volume within the fibre and hence fibril. It can be observed that the experimental behaviour can be simulated by modelling the interface between laminate plies and the fibril, and hence fibre failure. The weak interfaces from the fibril to the laminate scale make the testing of fibres and laminates very difficult. Hence, it is proposed that the intrinsic fibril strength should be used as a measure of strength, and the fundamental strength is determined through numerical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Iannucci
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Stefano Del Rosso
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Paul T Curtis
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Dan J Pope
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
| | - Phillip W Duke
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
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Righetti L, Edmondson V, Corradi M, Borri A. Fiberglass Grids as Sustainable Reinforcement of Historic Masonry. Materials (Basel) 2016; 9:ma9070603. [PMID: 28773725 PMCID: PMC5456868 DOI: 10.3390/ma9070603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fiber-reinforced composite (FRP) materials have gained an increasing success, mostly for strengthening, retrofitting and repair of existing historic masonry structures and may cause a significant enhancement of the mechanical properties of the reinforced members. This article summarizes the results of previous experimental activities aimed at investigating the effectiveness of GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers) grids embedded into an inorganic mortar to reinforce historic masonry. The paper also presents innovative results on the relationship between the durability and the governing material properties of GFRP grids. Measurements of the tensile strength were made using specimens cut off from GFRP grids before and after ageing in aqueous solution. The tensile strength of a commercially available GFRP grid has been tested after up 450 days of storage in deionized water and NaCl solution. A degradation in tensile strength and Young’s modulus up to 30.2% and 13.2% was recorded, respectively. This degradation indicated that extended storage in a wet environment may cause a decrease in the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Righetti
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, 209 Wynne-Jones Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Vikki Edmondson
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, 209 Wynne-Jones Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Marco Corradi
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, 209 Wynne-Jones Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, 92 Via Duranti, Perugia 06125, Italy.
| | - Antonio Borri
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, 92 Via Duranti, Perugia 06125, Italy.
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Gao Y, Wu Y, Zhu X, Zhu L, Yu Z, Wu Y. Numerical Analysis of the Bending Properties of Cathay Poplar Glulam. Materials (Basel) 2015; 8:7059-73. [PMID: 28793619 DOI: 10.3390/ma8105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the formulae and finite element analysis models for predicting the Modulus of Elastic (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of Cathay poplar finger-jointed glulam. The formula of the MOE predicts the MOE of Cathay poplar glulam glued with one-component polyurethane precisely. Three formulae are used to predict the MOR, and Equation (12) predicts the MOR of Cathay poplar glulam precisely. The finite element analysis simulation results of both the MOE and MOR are similar to the experimental results. The predicted results of the finite element analysis are shown to be more accurate than those of the formulae, because the finite element analysis considers the glue layers, but the formulae do not. Three types of typical failure modes due to bending were summarized. The bending properties of Cathay poplar glulam were compared to those of Douglas fir glulam. The results show that Cathay poplar glulam has a lower stiffness, but a marginally higher strength. One-component polyurethane adhesive is shown to be more effective than resorcinol formaldehyde resin adhesive for Cathay poplar glulam. This study shows that Cathay poplar has the potential to be a glulam material in China.
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Verzola MHA, Frizzera F, de Oliveira GJPL, Pereira RMR, Rodrigues-Filho UP, Nonaka KO, Orrico SRP. Effects of the long-term administration of alendronate on the mechanical properties of the basal bone and on osseointegration. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 26:1466-75. [PMID: 25318821 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the long-term administration of alendronate on the mechanical properties of the basal bone and on osseointegration. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and sixty female rats were randomly allocated into two equally sized groups: the control (CTL) group, which received the subcutaneous administration of saline solution, and the alendronate (ALD) group, which received the subcutaneous administration of alendronate (1 mg/kg/week). After 120 days of these therapies, one implant was placed in each rat tibia. Ten animals in each group were euthanized at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, or 60 days after surgery. The tibias with implants evaluated regarding the removal torque, bone-implant contact (BIC), the bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO), and Ca/P ratio. The femurs were evaluated regarding bone mineral density (BMD) and using mechanical tests to evaluate the maximal force of fracture, stiffness, and tenacity. RESULTS The ALD group presented statistically significant higher BMD (all periods except 15 days), maximal force of fracture (at 20, 30, and 45 days), tenacity (at 10, 20, 30, and 45 days), stiffness (45 days), removal torque (at 20, 25 and 30 days), BIC (at 20 and 60 days), and BAFO (at 20, 30, and 45 days) than the CTL group. No differences were found between the groups regarding the Ca/P ratio. CONCLUSION Previous long-term therapy with alendronate caused an increase in the BMD, maximal force of fracture of the bone without changing the inorganic composition and elastic deformability of this tissue. Furthermore, the ALD therapy enhanced osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fausto Frizzera
- FOAr-UNESP, Araraquara Dental School, University Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil.,Integrated College Espírito Santentes, FAESA Dental School, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Rosa M R Pereira
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Keico Okino Nonaka
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Silvana R P Orrico
- FOAr-UNESP, Araraquara Dental School, University Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil
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Contuzzi N, Campanelli SL, Casavola C, Lamberti L. Manufacturing and Characterization of 18Ni Marage 300 Lattice Components by Selective Laser Melting. Materials (Basel) 2013; 6:3451-3468. [PMID: 28811445 PMCID: PMC5521315 DOI: 10.3390/ma6083451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The spreading use of cellular structures brings the need to speed up manufacturing processes without deteriorating mechanical properties. By using Selective Laser Melting (SLM) to produce cellular structures, the designer has total freedom in defining part geometry and manufacturing is simplified. The paper investigates the suitability of Selective Laser Melting for manufacturing steel cellular lattice structures with characteristic dimensions in the micrometer range. Alternative lattice topologies including reinforcing bars in the vertical direction also are considered. The selected lattice structure topology is shown to be superior over other lattice structure designs considered in literature. Compression tests are carried out in order to evaluate mechanical strength of lattice strut specimens made via SLM. Compressive behavior of samples also is simulated by finite element analysis and numerical results are compared with experimental data in order to assess the constitutive behavior of the lattice structure designs considered in this study. Experimental data show that it is possible to build samples of relative density in the 0.2456–0.4367 range. Compressive strength changes almost linearly with respect to relative density, which in turns depends linearly on the number of vertical reinforces. Specific strength increases with cell and strut edge size. Numerical simulations confirm the plastic nature of the instability phenomena that leads the cellular structures to collapse under compression loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Contuzzi
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Viale Japigia 182, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Sabina L Campanelli
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Viale Japigia 182, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Caterina Casavola
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Viale Japigia 182, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Luciano Lamberti
- Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Viale Japigia 182, Bari 70126, Italy.
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Carniel EL, Gramigna V, Fontanella CG, Stefanini C, Natali AN. Constitutive formulations for the mechanical investigation of colonic tissues. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:1243-54. [PMID: 23650076 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A constitutive framework is provided for the characterization of the mechanical behavior of colonic tissues, as a fundamental tool for the development of numerical models of the colonic structures. The constitutive analysis is performed by a multidisciplinary approach that requires the cooperation between experimental and computational competences. The preliminary investigation pertains to the review of the tissues histology. The complex structural configuration of the tissues and the specific distributions of fibrous elements entail the nonlinear mechanical behavior and the anisotropic response. The identification of the mechanical properties requires to perform mechanical tests according to different loading situations, as different loading directions. Because of the typical functionality of colon structures, the tissues mechanics is investigated by tensile tests, which are performed on taenia coli and haustra specimens from fresh pig colons. Accounting for the histological investigation and the results from the mechanical tests, a specific hyperelastic framework is provided within the theory of fiber-reinforced composite materials. Preliminary analytical formulations are defined to identify the constitutive parameters by the inverse analysis of the experimental tests. Finite element models of the specimens are developed accounting for the actual configuration of the colon structures to verify the quality of the results. The good agreement between experimental and numerical model results suggests the reliability of the constitutive formulations and parameters. Finally, the developed constitutive analysis makes it possible to identify the mechanical behavior and properties of the different colonic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Luigi Carniel
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Centre of Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Grassi M, Sandolo C, Perin D, Coviello T, Lapasin R, Grassi G. Structural characterization of calcium alginate matrices by means of mechanical and release tests. Molecules 2009; 14:3003-17. [PMID: 19701141 PMCID: PMC6255323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14083003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we have concentrated on the characterization of calcium alginate hydrogels loaded with a model drug (myoglobin) by means of a mechanical approach; in addition, release tests of myoglobin from alginate hydrogels were performed. At a fixed temperature, relaxation tests (mechanical study) were carried out on matrices constituted by different polymer concentrations. The interpretation of the relaxation behavior of the different matrices was conducted using the generalized Maxwell model; as a result of this investigation it was possible to conclude that for polymer concentrations greater than 0.5 g/ 100 mL the matrices behaved as solid materials. In addition, it was observed that the mechanical properties of the matrices increased with polymer concentration. With regard to the release tests, the diffusion coefficient of myoglobin in the matrix in relation to polymer concentrations was determined. The mechanical and release data where then analyzed by Flory's theory and by a modified free-volume theory, respectively, to estimate the network mesh size xi. The comparison between the mesh sizes obtained by the two approaches showed a satisfactory agreement for polymer concentrations greater than 0.5 g/100 mL. It should be noted that the approach proposed here to determine the polymeric network meshes is absolutely general and can be advantageously applied to the characterization of other similar polymeric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Grassi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dell'Ambiente e delle Materie prime, Università di Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; E-mail: (R.L.)
| | - Chiara Sandolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; E-mails: (C.S.), (T.C.)
| | - Danilo Perin
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dell'Ambiente e delle Materie prime, Università di Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; E-mail: (R.L.)
- PROTOS Research Institute, Via Flavia 23/1, 34100 Trieste, Italy; E-mail: (D.P.)
| | - Tommasina Coviello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; E-mails: (C.S.), (T.C.)
| | - Romano Lapasin
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dell'Ambiente e delle Materie prime, Università di Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; E-mail: (R.L.)
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy; E-mail: (G.G.)
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