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Yang W, Ji Y, Chen W, Pan Y, Chen Z, Wu S, Russo SP, Xu Y, Smith TA, Chesman A, Mulvaney P, Liu F. The Multiple Roles of Na Ions in Highly Efficient CZTSSe Solar Cells. Small 2024:e2307807. [PMID: 38342673 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Sodium (Na) doping is a well-established technique employed in chalcopyrite and kesterite solar cells. While various improvements can be achieved in crystalline quality, electrical properties, or defect passivation of the absorber materials by incorporating Na, a comprehensive demonstration of the desired Na distribution in CZTSSe is still lacking. Herein, a straightforward Na doping approach by dissolving NaCl into the CZTS precursor solution is proposed. It is demonstrated that a favorable Na ion distribution should comprise a precisely controlled Na+ concentration at the front surface and an enhanced distribution within the bottom region of the absorber layer. These findings demonstrated that Na ions play several positive roles within the device, leading to an overall power conversion efficiency of 12.51%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Battery Materials Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yixiong Ji
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Wangxian Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Battery Materials Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yining Pan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Battery Materials Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zifei Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Shaoyang Wu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Salvy P Russo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Yang Xu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Trevor A Smith
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Paul Mulvaney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Fangyang Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Battery Materials Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Pu Z, Li J, Xie L, Tong X, Yang S, Liu J, Chen J, Yang M, Yang D, Ge Z. Non-Fullerene Acceptors Assisted Target Therapy for Interface Treatment Enable High Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. Small 2024:e2310742. [PMID: 38329192 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Targeted treatment of the interface between electron transport layers (ETL) and perovskite layers is highly desirable for achieving passivating effects and suppressing carrier nonradiative recombination, leading to high performance and long-term stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, a series of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs, Y-H, Y-F, and Y-Cl) are introduced to optimize the properties of the perovskite/ETL interface. This optimization involves passivating Pb2+ defects, releasing stress, and modulating carrier dynamics through interactions with the perovskite. Remarkably, after modifying with NFAs, the absorption range of perovskite films into the near-infrared region is extended. As expected, Y-F, with the largest electrostatic potential, facilitates the strongest interaction between the perovskite and its functional groups. Consequently, champion power conversion efficiencies of 21.17%, 22.21%, 23.25%, and 22.31% are achieved for control, Y-H-, Y-F-, and Y-Cl-based FA0.88 Cs0.12 PbI2.64 Br0.36 (FACs) devices, respectively. This treatment also enhances the heat stability and air stability of the corresponding devices. Additionally, these modifier layers are applied to enhance the efficiency of Cs0.05 (FA0.95 MA0.05 )0.95 PbI2.64 Br0.36 (FAMA) devices. Notably, a champion PCE exceeding 24% is achieved in the Y-F-based FAMA device. Therefore, this study provides a facile and effective approach to target the interface, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Pu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Lisha Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Shuncheng Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jiujiang Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Mengjin Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Daobin Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Liu Q, Vandewal K. Understanding and Suppressing Non-Radiative Recombination Losses in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2302452. [PMID: 37201949 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells benefit from non-fullerene acceptors (NFA) due to their high absorption coefficients, tunable frontier energy levels, and optical gaps, as well as their relatively high luminescence quantum efficiencies as compared to fullerenes. Those merits result in high yields of charge generation at a low or negligible energetic offset at the donor/NFA heterojunction, with efficiencies over 19% achieved for single-junction devices. Pushing this value significantly over 20% requires an increase in open-circuit voltage, which is currently still well below the thermodynamic limit. This can only be achieved by reducing non-radiative recombination, and hereby increasing the electroluminescence quantum efficiency of the photo-active layer. Here, current understanding of the origin of non-radiative decay, as well as an accurate quantification of the associated voltage losses are summarized. Promising strategies for suppressing these losses are highlighted, with focus on new material design, optimization of donor-acceptor combination, and blend morphology. This review aims at guiding researchers in their quest to find future solar harvesting donor-acceptor blends, which combine a high yield of exciton dissociation with a high yield of radiative free carrier recombination and low voltage losses, hereby closing the efficiency gap with inorganic and perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Hasselt University, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Hasselt University, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
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Zhang Y, Xu R, Kang Q, Zhang X, Zhang ZH. Recent Advances on GaN-Based Micro-LEDs. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:mi14050991. [PMID: 37241615 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
GaN-based micro-size light-emitting diodes (µLEDs) have a variety of attractive and distinctive advantages for display, visible-light communication (VLC), and other novel applications. The smaller size of LEDs affords them the benefits of enhanced current expansion, fewer self-heating effects, and higher current density bearing capacity. Low external quantum efficiency (EQE) resulting from non-radiative recombination and quantum confined stark effect (QCSE) is a serious barrier for application of µLEDs. In this work, the reasons for the poor EQE of µLEDs are reviewed, as are the optimization techniques for improving the EQE of µLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Physics and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruiqiang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Physics and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiushi Kang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, School of Physics and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zi-Hui Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Pang B, Liao C, Xu X, Peng S, Xia J, Guo Y, Xie Y, Chen Y, Duan C, Wu H, Li R, Peng Q. BN-Bond-Embedded Triplet Terpolymers with Small Singlet-Triplet Energy Gaps for Suppressing Non-Radiative Recombination and Improving Blend Morphology in Organic Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2211871. [PMID: 36731510 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Suppressing the photon energy loss (Eloss ), especially the non-radiative loss, is of importance to further improve the device performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, typical π-conjugated semiconductors possess a large singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST ), leading to a lower triplet state than charge transfer state and contributing to a non-radiative loss channel of the photocurrent by the triplet state. Herein, a series of triplet polymer donors are developed by introducing a BNIDT block into the PM6 polymer backbone. The high electron affinity of BNIDT and the opposite resonance effect of the BN bond in BNIDT results in a lowered highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and a largely reduced ΔEST . Moreover, the morphology of the active blends is also optimized by fine-tuning the BNIDT content. Therefore, non-radiative recombination via the terminal triplet loss channels and morphology traps is effectively suppressed. The PNB-3 (with 3% BNIDT):L8-BO device exhibits both small ΔEST and optimized morphology, favoring more efficient charge transfer and transport. Finally, the simultaneously enhanced Voc of 0.907 V, Jsc of 26.59 mA cm-2 , and FF of 78.86% contribute to a champion PCE of 19.02%. Therefore, introducing BN bonds into benchmark polymers is a possible avenue toward higher-performance of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chentong Liao
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqian Peng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuan Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Duan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab, Suffolk, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Qiang Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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Sun SQ, Sun Q, Ji YJ, Xu YL, He W, Zhu M, Zhou JG, Yu YJ, Feng DD, Xie YM, Li YY, Fung MK. Multidentate Molecule Anchoring Halide Perovskite Surface and Regulating Crystallization Kinetics toward Efficient Light-Emitting Diodes. Small 2023; 19:e2205336. [PMID: 36581559 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Functional passivators are conventionally utilized in modifying the crystallization properties of perovskites to minimize the non-radiative recombination losses in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the weak anchor ability of some commonly adopted molecules has limited passivation ability to perovskites and even may desorb from the passivated defects in a short period of time, which bring about plenty of challenges for further development of high-performance PeLEDs. Here, a multidentate molecule, formamidine sulfinic acid (FSA), is introduced as a novel passivator to perovskites. FSA has multifunctional groups (S≐O, C≐N and NH2 ) where the S≐O and C≐N groups enable coordination with the lead ions and the NH2 interacts with the bromide ions, thus providing the most effective chemical passivation for defects and in turn the formation of highly stable perovskite emitters. Moreover, the interaction between the FSA and octahedral [PbBr6 ]4- can inhibit the formation of unfavorable low-n domains to further minimize the inefficient energy transfer inside the perovskite emitters. Therefore, the FSA passivated green-emitting PeLED exhibits a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 26.5% with fourfold enhancement in operating lifetime as compared to the control device, consolidating that the multidentate molecule is a promising strategy to effectively and sustainably passivate the perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Qiao Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jin Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Lin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Gui Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - You-Jun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Min Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - You-Yong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Man-Keung Fung
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, P. R. China
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Jung S, Choi S, Shin W, Oh H, Oh J, Ryu MY, Kim W, Park S, Lee H. Enhancement in Power Conversion Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells by Reduced Non-Radiative Recombination Using a Brij C10-Mixed PEDOT:PSS Hole Transport Layer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36772072 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interface properties between charge transport and perovskite light-absorbing layers have a significant impact on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a polyelectrolyte composite that is widely used as a hole transport layer (HTL) to facilitate hole transport from a perovskite layer to an anode. However, PEDOT:PSS must be modified using a functional additive because PSCs with a pristine PEDOT:PSS HTL do not exhibit a high PCE. Herein, we demonstrate an increase in the PCE of PSCs with a polyethylene glycol hexadecyl ether (Brij C10)-mixed PEDOT:PSS HTL. Photoelectron spectroscopy results show that the Brij C10 content becomes significantly high in the HTL surface composition with an increase in the Brij C10 concentration (0-5 wt%). The enhanced PSC performance, e.g., a PCE increase from 8.05 to 11.40%, is attributed to the reduction in non-radiative recombination at the interface between PEDOT:PSS and perovskite by the insulating Brij C10. These results indicate that the suppression of interface recombination is essential for attaining a high PCE for PSCs.
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Korte D, Pavlica E, Klančar D, Bratina G, Pawlak M, Gondek E, Song P, Liu J, Derkowska-Zielinska B. Influence of P3HT:PCBM Ratio on Thermal and Transport Properties of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:617. [PMID: 36676353 PMCID: PMC9861154 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The influence of P3HT:PCBM ratio on thermal and transport properties of solar cells were determined by photothermal beam deflection spectrometry, which is advantageous tool for non-destructively study of bulk heterojunction layers of organic solar cells. P3HT:PCBM layers of different P3HT:PCBM ratios were deposited on top of PEDOT:PSS/ITO layers which were included in organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells. The thermal diffusivity, energy gap and charge carrier lifetime were measured at different illumination conditions and with a different P3HT:PCBM ratios. As expected, it was found that the energy band gap depends on the P3HT:PCBM ratio. Thermal diffusivity is decreasing, while charge carrier lifetime is increasing with PCBM concentration. Energy band gap was found to be independent on illumination intensity, while thermal diffusivity was increasing and carrier lifetime was decreasing with illumination intensity. The carrier lifetime exhibits qualitatively similar dependence on the PCBM concentration when compared to the open-circuit voltage of operating solar cells under AM1.5 illumination. BDS and standard I-V measurement yielded comparable results arguing that the former is suitable for characterization of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Korte
- Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Egon Pavlica
- Laboratory for Organic Matter Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Domen Klančar
- Laboratory for Organic Matter Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Gvido Bratina
- Laboratory for Organic Matter Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Michal Pawlak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Ewa Gondek
- Institute of Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Beata Derkowska-Zielinska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Chu Z, Ye Q, Zhao Y, Ma F, Yin Z, Zhang X, You J. Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 22% via Small-Molecule Passivation. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2007169. [PMID: 33797133 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are considered as particularly attractive candidates for high-quality lighting and displays, due to possessing the features of wide gamut and real color expression. However, most PeLEDs are made from polycrystalline perovskite films that contain a high concentration of defects, including point and extended imperfections. Reducing and mitigating non-radiative recombination defects in perovskite materials are still crucial prerequisites for achieving high performance in light-emitting applications. Here, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA) is introduced as a functional additive dissolved in antisolvent to passivate surface and bulk defects during the spinning process. The ETPTA can effectively decrease the charge trapping states by passivation and/or suppression of defects. Eventually, the perovskite films that are sufficiently passivated by ETPTA make the devices achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 22.49%. To our knowledge, these are the most efficient green PeLEDs up to now. In addition, a threefold increase in the T50 operational time of the devices was observed, compared to control samples. These findings provide a simple and effective strategy to make highly efficient perovskite polycrystalline films and their optoelectronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zema Chu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiufeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Wuyi University, Joint Lab of Digital Optical Chip, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jingbi You
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Pisoni S, Stolterfoht M, Löckinger J, Moser T, Jiang Y, Caprioglio P, Neher D, Buecheler S, Tiwari AN. On the origin of open-circuit voltage losses in flexible n-i-p perovskite solar cells. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2019; 20:786-795. [PMID: 31447957 PMCID: PMC6691881 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1633952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The possibility to manufacture perovskite solar cells (PSCs) at low temperatures paves the way to flexible and lightweight photovoltaic (PV) devices manufactured via high-throughput roll-to-roll processes. In order to achieve higher power conversion efficiencies, it is necessary to approach the radiative limit via suppression of non-radiative recombination losses. Herein, we performed a systematic voltage loss analysis for a typical low-temperature processed, flexible PSC in n-i-p configuration using vacuum deposited C60 as electron transport layer (ETL) and two-step hybrid vacuum-solution deposition for CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite absorber. We identified the ETL/absorber interface as a bottleneck in relation to non-radiative recombination losses, the quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) decreases from ~1.23 eV for the bare absorber, just ~90 meV below the radiative limit, to ~1.10 eV when C60 is used as ETL. To effectively mitigate these voltage losses, we investigated different interfacial modifications via vacuum deposited interlayers (BCP, B4PyMPM, 3TPYMB, and LiF). An improvement in QFLS of ~30-40 meV is observed after interlayer deposition and confirmed by comparable improvements in the open-circuit voltage after implementation of these interfacial modifications in flexible PSCs. Further investigations on absorber/hole transport layer (HTL) interface point out the detrimental role of dopants in Spiro-OMeTAD film (widely employed HTL in the community) as recombination centers upon oxidation and light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pisoni
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Johannes Löckinger
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Moser
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yan Jiang
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Caprioglio
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephan Buecheler
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ayodhya N. Tiwari
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
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Zhang H, Lv Y, Wang J, Ma H, Sun Z, Huang W. Influence of Cl Incorporation in Perovskite Precursor on the Crystal Growth and Storage Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:6022-6030. [PMID: 30652851 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Solar cells based on organic-inorganic hybrid lead-halide perovskites are very promising because of their high performance and solution process feasibility. Elemental engineering on perovskite composition is a facile path to obtain high-quality crystals for efficient and stable solar cells. It was found that partially substituting I- with Cl- in the perovskite precursor promoted crystal growth, with the grain size larger than the layer thickness, and facilitated the generation of a self-passivation layer of PbI2. Whereas the residual Cl- ions were suspected to diffuse to the hole-transport layer consisting of ubiquitously spiro-OMeTAD, the formation of highly bounded ionic pairing of Cl- with the oxidized state of spiro-OMeTAD led to insufficient charge extraction and severely reversible performance degradation. This issue was effectively alleviated upon Br- doping owing to the generation of Pb-Br bonds in the lattice that strengthened the phase stability by improving the binding energy between each unit. The binary halide (Br-/Cl-)-doped perovskites resulted in a champion power conversion efficiency of 20.2% with improved long-term storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Yifan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Jinpei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 5 Xinmofan Road , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 , P. R. China
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12
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Ma Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Hu R, Jiang M, Zhang R, Lv H, Tian J, Chu L, Zhang J, Xue Q, Yip HL, Xia R, Li X, Huang W. Enhancing the Performance of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells via Grain Boundary Passivation with Carbon Quantum Dots. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:3044-3052. [PMID: 30585492 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonradiative recombination, the main energy loss channel for open circuit voltage ( Voc), is one of the crucial problems for achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Usually, grain boundary passivation is considered as an effective way to reduce nonradiative recombination because the defects (uncoordinated ions) on grain boundaries are passivated. We added the hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups containing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) into a perovskite precursor solution to passivate the uncoordinated lead ions on grain boundaries. Higher photoluminescence intensity and longer carrier lifetime were demonstrated in the perovskite film with the CQD additive. This confirmed that the addition of CQDs can reduce nonradiative recombination by grain boundary passivation. Additionally, the introduction of CQDs could increase the thickness of the perovskite film. Consequently, we achieved a champion device with a PCE of 18.24%. The device with CQDs retained 73.4% of its initial PCE after being aged for 48 h under 80% humidity in the dark at room temperature. Our findings reveal the mechanisms of how CQDs passivate the grain boundaries of perovskite, which can improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jingjing Tian
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | | | | | - Qifan Xue
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | | | | | - Wei Huang
- Shanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , Xi'an 710072 , P. R. China
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13
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Fakharuddin A, Seybold M, Agresti A, Pescetelli S, Matteocci F, Haider MI, Birkhold ST, Hu H, Giridharagopal R, Sultan M, Mora-Seró I, Di Carlo A, Schmidt-Mende L. Perovskite-Polymer Blends Influencing Microstructures, Nonradiative Recombination Pathways, and Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:42542-42551. [PMID: 30430822 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Solar cells based on organic-inorganic halide perovskites are now leading the photovoltaic technologies because of their high power conversion efficiency. Recently, there have been debates on the microstructure-related defects in metal halide perovskites (grain size, grain boundaries, etc.) and a widespread view is that large grains are a prerequisite to suppress nonradiative recombination and improve photovoltaic performance, although opinions against it also exist. Herein, we employ blends of methylammonium lead iodide perovskites with an insulating polymer (polyvinylpyrrolidone) that offer the possibility to tune the grain size in order to obtain a fundamental understanding of the photoresponse at the microscopic level. We provide, for the first time, spatially resolved details of the microstructures in such blend systems via Raman mapping, light beam-induced current imaging, and conductive atomic force microscopy. Although the polymer blend systems systematically alter the morphology by creating small grains (more grain boundaries), they reduce nonradiative recombination within the film and enhance its spatial homogeneity of radiative recombination. We attribute this to a reduction in the density of bulk trap states, as evidenced by an order of magnitude higher photoluminescence intensity and a significantly higher open-circuit voltage when the polymer is incorporated into the perovskite films. The solar cells employing blend systems also show nearly hysteresis-free power conversion efficiency ∼17.5%, as well as a remarkable shelf-life stability over 100 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Fakharuddin
- Department of Physics , University of Konstanz , D-78457 Konstanz , Germany
- IMEC Kapeldreef 75 , Heverlee 3001 , Belgium
| | - Michael Seybold
- Department of Physics , University of Konstanz , D-78457 Konstanz , Germany
| | - Antonio Agresti
- C.H.O.S.E. Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Sara Pescetelli
- C.H.O.S.E. Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- C.H.O.S.E. Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
| | - Muhammad Irfan Haider
- Department of Physics , University of Konstanz , D-78457 Konstanz , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad 45320 , Pakistan
| | - Susanne T Birkhold
- Department of Physics , University of Konstanz , D-78457 Konstanz , Germany
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Physics , University of Konstanz , D-78457 Konstanz , Germany
| | - Rajiv Giridharagopal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Muhammad Sultan
- Department of Physics , University of Konstanz , D-78457 Konstanz , Germany
- Nanoscience and Technology Department , National Centre for Physics , Quaid-I-Azam University Campus , 44000 Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) . Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló , Spain
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- C.H.O.S.E. Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering , University of Rome Tor Vergata , via del Politecnico 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
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