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Triplett NS, Blanks Jones JL, Garfias Y, Williams ND, Dorsey S. Policy for Equity: Associations Between Community Mental Health Agency Policies and Clinicians' Cultural Competence. Health Promot Pract 2023:15248399231208422. [PMID: 37947041 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231208422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Systemic reform is needed to address racism as a root cause of mental health inequities, such as understanding how community mental health (CMH) agencies' practices and policies may impact care provided to racially minoritized populations. This study described and examined associations between CMH clinicians' multicultural knowledge and awareness and agency practices and policies to improve care for Clients of Color. CMH clinicians (N = 119) across Washington State reported on their multicultural competence and agencies' practices and policies in an online survey. Multicultural competence was assessed with the Multicultural Counseling Knowledge and Awareness Scale (MCKAS), which assesses respondents' knowledge of multicultural counseling frameworks and awareness of multicultural counseling issues. Agency policies were examined with an adapted version of the Multiculturally Competent Service System (MCSS) Assessment Guide, which asked respondents to endorse the degree to which their agencies had taken specific steps to better serve racially and ethnically minoritized populations across 11 domains, including policies, linguistic diversity in services, and quality monitoring and improvement. Multicultural knowledge and awareness were generally high across the sample. Clinicians commonly endorsed that their agencies had mission statements that were committed to cultural competence. Endorsement of concrete steps to improve services for non-English speaking clients was associated with greater multicultural knowledge and awareness, and practices to monitor and improve care provided to Clients of Color were associated with lower scores. Addressing mental health inequities requires multifaceted solutions. Results highlight the potential of examining agency practices and policies as one solution to improve care for Clients of Color.
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Lee LA, Foster JR, Nikitovic D, Garros D, Ryan MJ, Moghadam N, Slumkoski C, Walls M, Curran JA, Seabrook JA, Burgess S, Betts L, Barclay A, Choong K, Fontela P, Murthy S, Nicoll J, O'Hearn K, Sehgal A, Tijssen J. "We Aren't Meant to Go Through the Hardest Parts of Our Lives Alone": Family Experience With Restricted PICU Presence During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Crit Care Explor 2023; 5:e0989. [PMID: 38304703 PMCID: PMC10833634 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT PICUs across Canada restricted family presence (RFP) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic from allowing two or more family members to often only one family member at the bedside. The objective of this study was to describe the experiences and impact of RFP on families of critically ill children to inform future policy and practice. HYPOTHESIS RFP policies negatively impacted families of PICU patients and caused moral distress. METHODS AND MODELS National, cross-sectional, online, self-administered survey. Family members of children admitted to a Canadian PICU between March 2020 and February 2021 were invited to complete the survey. RFP-attributable distress was measured with a modified distress thermometer (0-10). Closed-ended questions were reported with descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regression assessed factors associated with RFP-attributable distress. Open-ended questions were analyzed using inductive content analysis. RESULTS Of 250 respondents who experienced RFP, 124 (49.6%) were restricted to one family member at the bedside. The median amount of distress that families attributed to RFP policies was 6 (range: 0-10). Families described isolation, removal of supports, and perception of trauma related to RFP. Most families (183, 73.2%) felt that policies were enforced in a way that made them feel valued by PICU clinicians, which was associated with less RFP-attributable distress. Differential impact was seen where families with lower household income indicated higher RFP-attributable distress score (2.35; 95% CI, 0.53-4.17; p = 0.03). Most respondents suggested that future policies should allow at least two family members at the bedside. INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS Families of children admitted to PICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic described increased distress, trauma, and removal of supports due to RFP policies. Vulnerable families showed an increased odds of higher distress. Healthcare professionals played an important role in mitigating distress. Allowance of at least two family members at the bedside should be considered for future policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Foster
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Critical Care, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Dejana Nikitovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Garros
- Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Molly J Ryan
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Neda Moghadam
- Patient Partner, Department of Pediatric Critical Care, IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Corey Slumkoski
- Patient Partner, Department of Pediatric Critical Care, IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Martha Walls
- Patient Partner, Department of Pediatric Critical Care, IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Janet A Curran
- IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Dalhousie School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jamie A Seabrook
- Department of Pediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College, London, BC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Laura Betts
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care, IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Amanda Barclay
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Pediatrics, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Island Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Victoria General Hospital, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Choong
- Departments of Pediatrics and Critical Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Fontela
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Srinivas Murthy
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Nicoll
- Janeway Children's Health and Rehabilitation Centre, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Katie O'Hearn
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anupam Sehgal
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Janice Tijssen
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Nabarette H, Chastenay MH, Dupont JCK, Ganache I, Single ANV. Patient and citizen participation at the organizational level in health technology assessment: an exploratory study in five jurisdictions. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2023; 39:e51. [PMID: 37551103 DOI: 10.1017/s0266462323000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While patient participation in individual health technology assessments (HTAs) has been frequently described in the literature, patient and citizen participation at the organizational level is less described and may be less understood and practiced in HTA bodies. We aimed to better understand its use by describing current practice. METHOD To elicit descriptive case studies and insights we conducted semi-structured interviews and open-ended questionnaires with HTA body staff and patients and citizens participating at the organizational level in Belgium, France, Quebec, Scotland, and Wales. RESULTS We identified examples of organizational participation in managerial aspects: governance, defining patient involvement processes, evaluation processes and methods, and capacity building. Mechanisms included consultation, collaboration, and membership of standing (permanent) groups. These were sometimes combined. Participants were usually from umbrella patient organizations and patient associations, as well as individual patients and citizens. DISCUSSION Although the concept, participation at the organizational level, is not well-established, we observed a trend toward growth in each jurisdiction. Some goals were shared for this participation, but HTA bodies focused more on instrumental goals, especially improving participation in HTAs, while patients and citizens were more likely to offer democratic and developmental goals beyond improving participation processes. CONCLUSION Our findings provide rationales for organizational-level participation from the perspectives of HTA bodies and patients. The case studies provide insights into how to involve participants and who may be seen as legitimate participants. These findings may be useful to HTA bodies, the patient sector, and communities when devising an organizational-level participation framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Nabarette
- Association Française contre les Myopathies - Téléthon, Evry, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Chastenay
- Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude K Dupont
- Institut Pasteur, Legal Department, Ethics Unit and Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Laboratoire ETREs, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Ganache
- Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS), Montreal, QC, Canada
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Berntzen H, Lind R, Alfheim H, Tøien K. Coping in times of disruption and deprivation-Experiences of family members during COVID-19 patients' critical illness: A qualitative study. Nurs Open 2023. [PMID: 37005711 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the experiences and needs of family members during the course of COVID-19 critical illness from onset to rehabilitation. DESIGN An exploratory qualitative study. METHODS Twelve family members of surviving critically ill COVID-19 patients and restricted from visiting the patients, were interviewed digitally. Reflexive thematic analysis was used. RESULTS Three themes were generated from the data; 'Experiencing a double burden', 'Becoming an insignificant other' and 'Regaining significance'. Family members were often ill themselves, which represented an extra burden when the patient deteriorated. From admission, the family members became bystanders, deprived of most contact with the patients, as communication and information from the intensive care unit appeared unstructured and haphazard. However, when patients were discharged, great responsibility was placed on the family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Berntzen
- Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Postoperative and Intensive Care Nursing, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ranveig Lind
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hanne Alfheim
- Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Baerum Hospital, Baerum, Norway
| | - Kirsti Tøien
- Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Postoperative and Intensive Care Nursing, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Qureshi I, Chaloner J, Gogoi M, Al-Oraibi A, Wobi F, Reilly H, Medisauskaite A, Martin CA, Irizar P, Papineni P, Lagrata S, Agbonmwandolor J, Pareek M, Nellums L. Caring for Those Who Take Care of Others: Developing Systemic and Sustainable Mental Health Support for the Diverse Healthcare Workforce in the United Kingdom. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3242. [PMID: 36833937 PMCID: PMC9964273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pressures such as high workload, stretched resources, and financial stress are resulting in healthcare workers experiencing high rates of mental health conditions, high suicide rates, high rates of staff absences from work, and high vacancy rates for certain healthcare professions. All of these factors point to the fact that a systematic and sustainable approach to mental health support at different levels and in different ways is more important than ever. In response, we present a holistic analysis of the mental health and wellbeing needs of healthcare workers across the United Kingdom healthcare ecosystem. We recommend that healthcare organisations should consider the specific circumstances of these staff and develop strategies to counter the negative impact of these factors and help safeguard the mental health of their staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irtiza Qureshi
- Lifespan and Population Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jonathan Chaloner
- Lifespan and Population Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mayuri Gogoi
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Amani Al-Oraibi
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Fatimah Wobi
- Public Health Institute, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5UX, UK
| | - Holly Reilly
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Asta Medisauskaite
- Research Department of Medical Education, UCL Medical School, London WC1E 6DE, UK
| | | | - Patricia Irizar
- Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Padmasayee Papineni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Susie Lagrata
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Joy Agbonmwandolor
- The David Evans Medical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Manish Pareek
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Laura Nellums
- Lifespan and Population Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Byrd DP, Bartlett TR. Drug Testing Practices and Policies of Labor and Delivery Units Across the Southeastern United States. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2023; 52:72-83. [PMID: 36400124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe drug testing practices used in labor and delivery units in seven southeastern U.S. states (Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee), determine what risk factors prompt drug testing, and determine whether selective policies or factors that prompt testing differ based on hospital characteristics (type, size, or predominant payer source). DESIGN Cross-sectional descriptive design. SETTING Labor and delivery units in seven southeastern U.S. states. PARTICIPANTS Nurse administrators of labor and delivery units (N = 49) who responded for their units. METHODS We used a purposive sampling technique to construct a database of hospitals with obstetric services and e-mail addresses for nurse administrators. We created a 35-item survey to collect hospital characteristics and drug testing policy information. We distributed the survey to 291 nurse administrators. RESULTS We received 49 responses (response rate = 16.8%). Respondents reported that 63% (31/49) of hospitals were not-for-profit, 87% (40/46) had Medicaid as the predominant payer source, 80% (37/46) had a formal perinatal drug testing policy, and 61% (30/49) used selective drug testing protocols. Current or past history of substance use was reported as the risk factor that most often prompted drug testing. We did not find any differences in hospital characteristics (type, size, or predominant payer source) that prompted testing. CONCLUSION Most respondents reported that their labor and delivery units had a written drug testing policy and often used selective drug testing protocols. Drug testing protocols did not differ based on hospital type, size, or predominant payer source. Nurses have a role in implementing a best practice with unit-based drug testing.
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França IDCD, Aperibense PGGDS, Progianti JM, Peres MADA, Almeida Filho AJD, Santos TCF. Organizational politics and professional struggles in nursing. Rev Bras Enferm 2023; 76:e20220180. [PMID: 36888753 PMCID: PMC9987456 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze the professional struggles between nursing organizational entities, in Rio de Janeiro, during the Regional Nursing Council's electoral process (1990-1993 administration). METHOD historical study. We used journalistic articles, normative documents, legislation and semi-structured interviews with five nursing professionals who participated in this process. Interpretation of findings was supported by Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, field, capital, and symbolic power. RESULTS Electoral Code changes of the aforementioned council, under the influence of administration (1987-1990), candidate for re-election, influenced the disclosure and eligibility criteria, making it difficult for broad participation, especially of Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem Rio de Janeiro Section. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS nursing, in this period, generated a field of disputes related to positions of power and gender, which was evidenced in the electoral process studied, which highlighted using limiting strategies by a group, making it difficult for the entire category to participate.
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Ahmed F, Kim S, Nowalk MP, King JP, VanWormer JJ, Gaglani M, Zimmerman RK, Bear T, Jackson ML, Jackson LA, Martin E, Cheng C, Flannery B, Chung JR, Uzicanin A. Paid Leave and Access to Telework as Work Attendance Determinants during Acute Respiratory Illness, United States, 2017-2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26. [PMID: 31855145 PMCID: PMC6924903 DOI: 10.3201/eid2601.190743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed determinants of work attendance during the first 3 days after onset of acute respiratory illness (ARI) among workers 19-64 years of age who had medically attended ARI or influenza during the 2017-2018 influenza season. The total number of days worked included days worked at the usual workplace and days teleworked. Access to paid leave was associated with fewer days worked overall and at the usual workplace during illness. Participants who indicated that employees were discouraged from coming to work with influenza-like symptoms were less likely to attend their usual workplace. Compared with workers without a telework option, those with telework access worked more days during illness overall, but there was no difference in days worked at the usual workplace. Both paid leave benefits and business practices that actively encourage employees to stay home while sick are necessary to reduce the transmission of ARI and influenza in workplaces.
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Noga PM, Dermenchyan A, Grant SM, Dowdell EB. Developing Statewide Violence Prevention Programs in Health Care: An Exemplar From Massachusetts. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2021; 22:156-164. [PMID: 33504282 DOI: 10.1177/1527154420987180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Workplace violence is on the rise in health care. This problem contributes to medical errors, ineffective delivery of care, conflict and stress among health professionals, and demoralizing and unsafe work conditions. There is no specific federal statute that requires workplace violence protections, but several states have enacted legislation or regulations to protect health care workers. To address this problem in their state, the Massachusetts Health & Hospital Association developed an action plan to increase communication, policy development, and strategic protocols to decrease workplace violence. The purpose of this article is to report on the quality and safety improvement work that has been done statewide by the Massachusetts Health & Hospital Association and to provide a roadmap for other organizations and systems at the local, regional, or state level to replicate the improvement process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Noga
- Massachusetts Health & Hospital Association, Burlington, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Susan M Grant
- Beaumont Health, Southfield, Michigan, United States
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Cleemput I, Dauvrin M, Kohn L, Mistiaen P, Christiaens W, Léonard C. Developing an agency's position with respect to patient involvement in health technology assessment: the importance of the organizational culture. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2020; 36:569-78. [PMID: 33004089 DOI: 10.1017/S0266462320000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to map the PI culture at KCE in the context of the development of organization-wide supported position statements about PI. METHODS A nominal group technique was used to measure the PI culture at KCE. Arguments for and against PI and conditions for PI in different phases of the HTA process were collected. A literature review and interviews fed the draft position statements, for which support was assessed by means of a two-round Delphi process. RESULTS Arguments in favor of PI in HTA related to the relevance of the scope, expertise with data collection, bringing in fresh ideas for study design, access to survey participants, validation of data analyses, adherence to recommendations. Disadvantages and risks included the lack of scientific knowledge of involved patients, resources requirements, conflicts of interest, and heterogeneity within patient populations. Conditions for meaningful PI referred to measures mitigating the identified disadvantages. Eighteen position statements supported by KCE could be formulated. CONCLUSION The KCE culture seems predominantly positive toward PI, although attitudes vary between HTA researchers. KCE recognizes the potential value of PI in HTA, but considers the level of involvement to be contingent on the topic and phase in the HTA process.
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Yu H, Wang Y, Wang JN, Chiu YL, Qiu H, Gao M. Causal Effect of Honorary Titles on Physicians' Service Volumes in Online Health Communities: Retrospective Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e18527. [PMID: 32673232 PMCID: PMC7380898 DOI: 10.2196/18527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An OHC online health community (OHC) is an interactive platform for virtual communication between patients and physicians. Patients can typically search, seek, and share their experience and rate physicians, who may be involved in giving advice. Some OHC providers provide incentives in form of honorary titles to encourage the web-based involvement of physicians, but it is unclear whether the award of honorary titles has an impact on their consultation volume in an OHC. Objective This study is designed to identify the differential treatment effect of the incentive policy on the service volumes for the subgroups of treatment and control in an OHC. This study aims to answer the following questions: Does an honorary title for physicians impact their service volumes in an OHC? During the period of discontinuity, can we identify the sharp effect of the incentive award on the outcomes of physicians’ service volumes? Methods We acquired the targeted samples based on treatment, namely, physicians with an honorary title or not and outcomes measured before and after the award of the 2 subgroups. A regression discontinuity design was applied to investigate the impact of the honorary titles incentive as a treatment in an OHC. There was a sharply discontinuous effect of treatment on physicians’ online health service performance. The experimental data set consisted of 346 physicians in the treatment group (with honorary titles). Applying the propensity score matching method, the same size of physicians (n=346) was matched and selected as the control group. Results A sharp discontinuity was found at the time of the physician receiving the honorary title. The results showed that the parametric estimates of the coefficient were significantly positively (P<.001) associated with monthly home page views. The jump in the monthly volumes of home page views was much sharper than that of the monthly consultations. Conclusions The changes in the volumes of monthly consultations and home page views reflect the differential treatment effect of honorary titles on physicians’ service volumes. The effect of the incentive policy with honorary titles is objectively estimated from both the perspective of online and offline medical services in an OHC. Being named with honorary titles significantly multiplied monthly home page views, yet it did not significantly impact monthly consultations. This may be because consultation capacity is limited by the physician's schedule for consultations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of E-commerce and Modern Logistics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of E-commerce and Modern Logistics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Jying-Nan Wang
- College of International Finance and Trade, Zhejiang Yuexiu University of Foreign Languages, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ya-Ling Chiu
- College of International Business, Zhejiang Yuexiu University of Foreign Languages, Shaoxing, China
| | - Hang Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyue Gao
- Life Course Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Population, Policy, and Practice Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Fujita S, Wu Y, Iida S, Nagai Y, Shimamori Y, Hasegawa T. Patient safety management systems, activities and work environments related to hospital-level patient safety culture: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18352. [PMID: 31852137 PMCID: PMC6922487 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement in patient safety culture requires constant attention. This study aimed to identify hospital-level elements related to patient safety culture, such as patient safety management systems, activities and work environments.Two questionnaire surveys were administered to hospitals in Japan in 2015 and 2016. The first survey aimed to determine which hospitals would allow their staff to respond to a questionnaire survey. The second survey aimed to measure the patient safety culture in those hospitals. Patient safety culture was assessed using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS). The relationship of hospital-level patient safety culture with the aforementioned elements in each hospital was analyzed.The response rate to the first survey was 22% (721/3270), and 40 eligible hospitals were selected from the respondents. The second survey was administered to healthcare workers in those 40 hospitals, and the response rate was 94% (3768/4000). The proportion of respondents who had 7 or more days off each month was related to the scores of 7 composites and the Patient Safety Grade of HSOPS. Both the presence of a mission statement describing patient safety and the proportion of respondents who participated in in-house patient safety workshops at least twice annually were related to the scores of 5 composites and the Patient Safety Grade of HSOPS.Our study suggests that the number of days off each month, the presence of a hospital patient safety mission statement, and the participation rate in in-house patient safety workshops might be key factors in creating a good patient safety culture within each hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Fujita
- Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yinghui Wu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhei Iida
- Nerima General Hospital
- Institute for Healthcare Quality Improvement, Tokyo
| | | | - Yoshiko Shimamori
- Department of Common Fundamental Nursing, Iwate Medical University School of Nursing, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hasegawa
- Department of Social Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Leser KA, Liu ST, Smathers CA, Graffagnino CL, Pirie PL. Adoption, Sustainability, and Dissemination of Chronic Disease Prevention Policies in Community-Based Organizations. Health Promot Pract 2019; 22:72-81. [PMID: 31155948 DOI: 10.1177/1524839919850757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Despite increasing interest in structural (policy, systems, and environmental) changes to improve health, little attention has focused on the adoption, implementation, sustainability, and potential for dissemination of these changes among local community-based organizations. Method. A mixed methods approach was used for this process evaluation. Representatives of nine community-based organizations were surveyed using closed-ended questions and in-depth qualitative interviews to describe 32 policy changes. Diffusion of Innovation theory was used to inform the development of survey questions and the interview guide. Results. Policies adopted by local community-based organizations concerned types of food/beverages provided to staff/clients, methods to encourage physical activity, breastfeeding support, and tobacco control. The majority of the policies were either fully (66%) or partially (31%) implemented 1 year after their initial adoption. In general, participants somewhat/strongly agreed that policies had characteristics that predict sustainability/diffusion (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability). In-depth interview responses described a generally smooth process for policy adoption and high levels of optimism for continued sustainability but revealed few efforts to disseminate the policies beyond the original organization. Conclusions. Structural changes in community-based organizations are a valuable tool for encouraging healthy changes in communities and have great potential to be adopted, sustained, and diffused.
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Abstract
Although most employees and business owners or operators will likely experience the death of one or more loved ones over their work lives, attention has not focused on how bereavement grief impacts the workplace. A study was conducted for foundational information. Data on the annual incidence of bereavement leaves and related matters were collected from a relatively representative sample of small, medium, and large Canadian organizations. Two of every three organizations had 1+ employees take a bereavement leave last year, with 3.2% of all employees taking a bereavement leave consisting of 2.5 days on average and often with additional travel and accommodation days. The findings suggest that more should be done by organizations to prepare for bereavement leaves and assisted work returns. This preparation is essential for the tsunami of bereavement grief in the years ahead as deaths increase rapidly in number with population aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Wilson
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sehrish Punjani
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qingkang Song
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gail Low
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Ko YK, Jeong SH, Yu S. Job autonomy, perceptions of organizational policy, and the safety performance of nurses. Int J Nurs Pract 2018; 24:e12696. [PMID: 30203435 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to identify the relationship between nurses' job autonomy, perceptions of organizational policy, and safety performance by identifying the safety performance predictors of nurses working in acute health care settings in South Korea. METHODS Using data from a structured questionnaire, this cross-sectional descriptive study assessed the relationship between nurses' job autonomy, perceptions of organizational policy, and safety performance. In 2016, of the 290 nurses from nine acute care hospitals in South Korea invited to participate in the survey, 254 successfully did. Using cross-sectional data, characteristics of hospitals and nurses were analysed with t tests, one-way analyses of variance, Pearson correlations, and regression models. RESULTS On a scale of one to five, the mean job autonomy was 3.37, mean perceptions of organizational policy was 3.09, and mean safety performance was 3.75. Statistically significant positive correlations were found among job autonomy, perceptions of organizational policy, and safety performance. Multiple regression results found 44% of the variation in safety performance explained by job autonomy, length of employment, and perceptions of organizational policy. CONCLUSION Job autonomy and perceptions of organizational policy were positively related to safety performance. Hospital executives and nurse managers should work to enhance job autonomy and positive perceptions of organizational policy, to contribute to improving patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kyung Ko
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Seok Hee Jeong
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Yu
- College of Nursing, CHA University, Pocheon-shi, Gyeongghi-do, South Korea
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16
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Mira JJ, Lorenzo S, Carrillo I, Ferrús L, Silvestre C, Astier P, Iglesias-Alonso F, Maderuelo JA, Pérez-Pérez P, Torijano ML, Zavala E, Scott SD. Lessons learned for reducing the negative impact of adverse events on patients, health professionals and healthcare organizations. Int J Qual Health Care 2018; 29:450-460. [PMID: 28934401 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzx056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To summarize the knowledge about the aftermath of adverse events (AEs) and develop a recommendation set to reduce their negative impact in patients, health professionals and organizations in contexts where there is no previous experiences and apology laws are not present. Data sources Review studies published between 2000 and 2015, institutional websites and experts' opinions on patient safety. Study selection Studies published and websites on open disclosure, and the second and third victims' phenomenon. Four Focus Groups participating 27 healthcare professionals. Data extraction Study characteristic and outcome data were abstracted by two authors and reviewed by the research team. Results of data synthesis Fourteen publications and 16 websites were reviewed. The recommendations were structured around eight areas: (i) safety and organizational policies, (ii) patient care, (iii) proactive approach to preventing reoccurrence, (iv) supporting the clinician and healthcare team, (v) activation of resources to provide an appropriate response, (vi) informing patients and/or family members, (vii) incidents' analysis and (viii) protecting the reputation of health professionals and the organization. Conclusion Recommendations preventing aftermath of AEs have been identified. These have been designed for the hospital and the primary care settings; to cope with patient's emotions and for tacking the impact of AE in the second victim's colleagues. Its systematic use should help for the establishment of organizational action plans after an AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Joaquin Mira
- Alicante-Sant Joan Health Department, Alicante, Spain.,Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | | | | | - Lena Ferrús
- Integrated Health Organisation, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Astier
- Family and Community Medicine, Tauste Health District, Aragon Health Service (SALUD), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Jose Angel Maderuelo
- Salamanca Primary Care Management, Castilla y León Health Service (SACYL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pastora Pérez-Pérez
- Patient Safety Observatory, Andalusian Agency for Healthcare Quality, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Susan D Scott
- University of Missouri Health System, Columbia, MO, USA
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Ahlers-Schmidt CR, Schunn C, Sage C, Engel M, Benton M. Safe Sleep Practices of Kansas Birthing Hospitals. Kans J Med 2018; 11:1-13. [PMID: 29844848 PMCID: PMC5834237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep-related death is tied with congenital anomalies as the leading cause of infant mortality in Kansas, and external risk factors are present in 83% of these deaths. Hospitals can impact caregiver intentions to follow risk-reduction strategies. This project assessed the current practices and policies of Kansas hospitals with regard to safe sleep. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of existing safe sleep practices and policies in Kansas hospitals was performed. Hospitals were categorized based on reported delivery volume and data were compared across hospital sizes. RESULTS Thirty-one of 73 (42%) contacted hospitals responded. Individual survey respondents represented various hospital departments including newborn/well-baby (68%), neonatal intensive care unit (3%) and other non-nursery departments or administration (29%). Fifty-eight percent of respondents reported staff were trained on infant safe sleep; 44% of these held trainings annually. High volume hospitals tended to have more annual training than low or mid volume birth hospitals. Thirty-nine percent reported a safe sleep policy, though most of these (67%) reported never auditing compliance. The top barrier to safe sleep education, regardless of delivery volume, was conflicting patient and family member beliefs. CONCLUSIONS Hospital promotion of infant safe sleep is being conducted in Kansas to varying degrees. High and mid volume birth hospitals may need to work more on formal auditing of safe sleep practices, while low volume hospitals may need more staff training. Low volume hospitals also may benefit from access to additional caregiver education materials. Finally, it is important to note hospitals should not be solely responsible for safe sleep education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthew Engel
- Univeristy of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS
| | - Mary Benton
- Univeristy of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS
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Stein AH, Baker LE, Agans RP, Xue W, Collins NM, Suttie JL. The Experience With Smoke-Free Policies in Affordable Multiunit Housing in North Carolina: A Statewide Survey. Am J Health Promot 2018; 30:382-9. [PMID: 27404647 DOI: 10.1177/0890117116646346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous surveys of housing operators have identified concerns about enforcement, legal issues, and loss of market share as the main barriers to implementing smoke-free policies in multiunit housing. The purpose of this study was to examine enforcement practices as well as economic and legal outcomes in smoke-free affordable multiunit housing. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Affordable multiunit housing in North Carolina. SUBJECTS Affordable multiunit housing properties (n = 1063, 57% response rate). MEASURES Property representatives completed a written survey with questions regarding the existence of smoke-free policies, smoke-free policy implementation and enforcement practices, and smoking-related costs. ANALYSIS Descriptive statistics, χ(2) goodness-of-fit test, and t-test. RESULTS A total of 16.5% of properties had policies that prohibited smoking in all residential units. Half (49.8%) of smoke-free properties reported no violations to their policies in the past 12 months. Legal actions to enforce policies were rarely needed and were successful when they did occur. Compared to smoking-allowed properties, smoke-free properties did not experience a loss of market share in terms of occupancy rate (t = .09; p = .93) or residents moving away (χ(2) =. 5; p = .48). CONCLUSION Housing operators' concerns about enforcement, legal issues, and loss of market share associated with smoke-free policies are largely unfounded among affordable housing properties in North Carolina. Public health professionals should use messaging strategies that refute these concerns to encourage more properties to adopt smoke-free policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Stein
- North Carolina Division of Public Health, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Laura E Baker
- North Carolina Division of Public Health, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Robert P Agans
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Xue
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nina M Collins
- North Carolina Division of Public Health, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Janet L Suttie
- North Carolina Division of Public Health, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Abstract
Although efforts have been directed toward the advancement of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) positions, little research has directly examined women’s perspectives and bottom-up strategies for advancing in male-stereotyped disciplines. The present study utilized Photovoice, a Participatory Action Research method, to identify themes that underlie women’s experiences in traditionally male-dominated fields. Photovoice enables participants to convey unique aspects of their experiences via photographs and their in-depth knowledge of a community through personal narrative. Forty-six STEM women graduate students and postdoctoral fellows completed a Photovoice activity in small groups. They presented photographs that described their experiences pursuing leadership positions in STEM fields. Three types of narratives were discovered and classified: career strategies, barriers to achievement, and buffering strategies or methods for managing barriers. Participants described three common types of career strategies and motivational factors, including professional development, collaboration, and social impact. Moreover, the lack of rewards for these workplace activities was seen as limiting professional effectiveness. In terms of barriers to achievement, women indicated they were not recognized as authority figures and often worked to build legitimacy by fostering positive relationships. Women were vigilant to other people’s perspectives, which was costly in terms of time and energy. To manage role expectations, including those related to gender, participants engaged in numerous role transitions throughout their day to accommodate workplace demands. To buffer barriers to achievement, participants found resiliency in feelings of accomplishment and recognition. Social support, particularly from mentors, helped participants cope with negative experiences and to envision their future within the field. Work-life balance also helped participants find meaning in their work and have a sense of control over their lives. Overall, common workplace challenges included a lack of social capital and limited degrees of freedom. Implications for organizational policy and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J Amon
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN USA
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20
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Pignata S, Winefield AH, Provis C, Boyd CM. A Longitudinal Study of the Predictors of Perceived Procedural Justice in Australian University Staff. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1271. [PMID: 27610093 PMCID: PMC4997092 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study examined the factors that predict employees' perceptions of procedural justice in university settings. The paper also reviews the ethical aspects of justice and psychological contracts within employment relationships. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study examined the predictors of perceived procedural justice in a two-wave longitudinal sample of 945 employees from 13 universities by applying the Job Demands-Resources theoretical model of stress. The proposed predictors were classified into two categories: Job demands of work pressure and work-home conflict; and job resources of job security, autonomy, trust in senior management, and trust in supervisor. The predictor model also examined job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment, demographic (age, gender, tenure, role) and individual characteristics (negative affectivity, job involvement) as well as Time 1 (T1) perceptions of procedural justice to ensure that tests were rigorous. Findings: A series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses found that job satisfaction at T1 was the strongest predictor of perceived procedural justice at Time 2. Employees' trust in senior management, and their length of tenure also positively predicted justice perceptions. There were also differences between academic and non-academic staff groups, as non-academic employees' level of job satisfaction, trust in senior management, and their length of organizational tenure predicted procedural justice perceptions, whereas for academics, only job satisfaction predicted perceived justice. For the “all staff” category, job satisfaction was a dominant and enduring predictor of justice, and employees' trust in senior management also predicted justice. Research limitations/implications: Results highlight the importance of workplace factors in enhancing fair procedures to encourage reciprocity from employees. As perceived procedural justice is also conceptually linked to the psychological contract between employees-employers, it is possible that employees' levels of job satisfaction and perceptions of trust in senior management, relative to other work attitudinal outcomes, may be more effective for improving the broader working environment, and promoting staff morale. Originality/value: This study adds to research on applied business ethics as it focuses on the ethical aspects of perceived procedural justice and highlights the importance of workplace factors in enhancing fair procedures in organizational policy to encourage reciprocity and promote healthy organizational environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pignata
- School of Engineering, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, SA, Australia; Asia Pacific Centre of Work Health and Safety, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anthony H Winefield
- Asia Pacific Centre of Work Health and Safety, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, SA, Australia; School of Psychology, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chris Provis
- School of Management, University of South Australia Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carolyn M Boyd
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Durand MJ, Corbière M, Coutu MF, Reinharz D, Albert V. A review of best work-absence management and return-to-work practices for workers with musculoskeletal or common mental disorders. Work 2016; 48:579-89. [PMID: 24990281 DOI: 10.3233/wor-141914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace absenteeism is still a curse for developed countries, and more systematic practices need to be adopted to address this issue. OBJECTIVE To review the literature on best practices for managing work absences related to musculoskeletal or common mental disorders. METHODS A review was conducted by performing a search in bibliographic databases and on work-disability research institute websites. Recommendations regarding work-absence management and return-to-work practices were extracted from all the retained documents and organized within a chronological framework. RESULTS In total, 17 documents were analyzed, leading to identification of common work-absence management and return-to-work practices, the importance of a worker support approach, and recommended roles and responsibilities for stakeholders. These practices were then integrated into a six-step process: (1) time off and recovery period; (2) initial contact with the worker; (3) evaluation of the worker and his job tasks; (4) development of a return-to-work plan with accommodations; (5) work resumption, and (6) follow-up of the return-to-work process. CONCLUSIONS Based on this review, we constructed a comprehensive work-absence management and return-to-work process designed to assist organizations. Our results indicate that such a process must be included within a broader policy of health promotion and job retention. Adaptations will be required for implementation in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-José Durand
- University of Sherbrooke, Center for Action in Work Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, Hôpital Charles-LeMoyne Research Center, Longueuil, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Corbière
- University of Sherbrooke, Center for Action in Work Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, Hôpital Charles-LeMoyne Research Center, Longueuil, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Coutu
- University of Sherbrooke, Center for Action in Work Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, Hôpital Charles-LeMoyne Research Center, Longueuil, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Reinharz
- Laval University, Social and Preventive Medicine, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Albert
- University of Sherbrooke, Center for Action in Work Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation, Hôpital Charles-LeMoyne Research Center, Longueuil, QC, Canada
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Abstract
Organizational monitoring relies frequently on self-reports (e.g., work hours, progress reports, travel expenses). A "one-by-one" policy requires employees to submit a series of reports (e.g., daily or itemized reports). An "all-at-once" policy requires an overall report (e.g., an annual or an overview report). Both policies use people's self-reports to determine their pay, and both allow people to inflate their reports to get higher incentives, that is, to cheat. Objectively, people can cheat to the same extent under both reporting policies. However, the two policies differ in that the segmented one-by-one policy signals closer monitoring than the all-at-once policy. We suggest here that lie aversion may have a paradoxical effect on closer monitoring and lead people to cheat more. Specifically, reporting a series of segmented units of performance (allowing small lies) should lead to more cheating than a one-shot report of overall performance (that require one larger lie). Two surveys indicated that while people perceive the all-at-once policy as more trusting, they still expected people would be equally likely to cheat in both policies. An experiment tested the effects of the two reporting policies on cheating. The findings showed that contrary to the participants' intuition, but in line with research on lie aversion, the one-by-one policy resulted in more cheating than the all-at-once policy. Implications for future research and organization policy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer M Rilke
- Department of Corporate Development and Business Ethics, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Amos Schurr
- Department of Business Administration, Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Rachel Barkan
- Department of Business Administration, Ben Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shaul Shalvi
- CREED, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Ben Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva, Israel
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our goal was to create and implement a program, Kosair Children's Hospital's No Hit Zone, which trains health care workers in de-escalation techniques to address parental disruptive behaviors and physical discipline of children commonly encountered in the hospital environment. METHODS The Child Abuse Task Force, a multidisciplinary group, along with key hospital administrators developed specific content for the policy, as well as marketing and educational materials. The No Hit Zone policy designates Kosair Children's Hospital as "an environment in which no adult shall hit a child, no adult shall hit another adult, no child shall hit an adult, and no child shall hit another child. When hitting is observed, it is everyone's responsibility to interrupt the behavior as well as communicate system policy to those present." RESULTS Via a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach, the No Hit Zone was successfully implemented at Kosair Children's Hospital in 2012. Cost was nominal, and the support of key hospital administrators was critical to the program's success. Education of health professionals on de-escalation techniques and intervention with families at the early signs of parental stress occurred via live sessions and online training via case-based scenarios. CONCLUSIONS The No Hit Zone is an important program used to provide a safe and caring environment for all families and staff of Kosair Children's Hospital. Demand for the program continues, demonstrated by the establishment of No Hit Zones at other local hospitals and multiple outpatient clinics. This article offers information for other organizations planning to conduct similar initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly L Dauk
- Pediatric Hospital Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Vandenbroeck P, Dechenne R, Becher K, Eyssen M, Van den Heede K. Soliciting stakeholders' views on the organization of child and adolescent mental health services: a system in trouble. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2013; 7:42. [PMID: 24359535 PMCID: PMC3942294 DOI: 10.1186/1753-2000-7-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a high prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents Belgium, like many other Western countries, does not have a clear strategy for the organization of child and adolescent mental healthcare services (CAMHS). METHODS This paper describes stakeholders' views on the organization of CAMHS based on a qualitative study. Ten in-depth interviews with high profile stakeholders were complemented by roundtable discussions (n = 30). RESULTS This diagnostic analysis illustrated that the system is in serious trouble characterized by fragmentation and compartmentalization. CONCLUSION The findings create a sense of urgency that should be used to initiate a system reform of the Belgian CAMHS system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Dechenne
- shiftN, De Hoorn Creative Minds, Sluisstraat 79/03/01, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Kim Becher
- shiftN, De Hoorn Creative Minds, Sluisstraat 79/03/01, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Maria Eyssen
- Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE), 55 Boulevard du Jardin Botanique, Brussels 1000, Belgium
| | - Koen Van den Heede
- Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE), 55 Boulevard du Jardin Botanique, Brussels 1000, Belgium
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION While Human Resource Managers (HRM) and line managers could play a significant role in the prevention of job-related problems and in promotion of early job-continuation, it is not clear wether the chronically ill workers are recognized as a group. Unlike some other groups, distinguished by gender, age or ethnicity, those with chronic illness are less distinct and may not be included in diversity management programs. The aim of this research is to address theory and evidence in literature about the topic, as well as to inquire whether chronic illness of the employees is 'visible' in practice. METHODS For desk research, we used a systematic search strategy involving medical, statistical, management, and social science databases (Web of Science, MedLine, Pub Med, Psych Info, etc.). Research results are based on case studies conducted with the managers and HRM of government and commercial organizations between March 2007 and October 2008 and between October 2008 and April 2009. These case studies were based on open interviews and focus group sessions (for human resource departments) which were consequently analyzed using thematical analysis. For group sessions, we used concept mapping to collect information from two groups of HRM professionals and managers. Secondary analysis included thematic and content analysis of 'best practice' organizations carried out by the Dutch organization Gatekeeper. CONCLUSIONS We have discovered that the chronically ill employees are largely invisible to HRM practitioners, line managers who do not always have the right instruments for implementation of the European or national frameworks. Most practitioners are unaware of the impact of chronic illness in their organizations and in employees work life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Kopnina
- Amsterdam Institute of Advanced Labour Studies, University of Amsterdam, Plantage Muidengracht 12, 1018 TV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke A. Haafkens
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of General Practice, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vandenberg T, Coakley N, Nayler J, Degrasse C, Green E, Mackay JA, McLennan C, Smith A, Wilcock L, Trudeau ME. A framework for the organization and delivery of systemic treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 16:4-15. [PMID: 19229367 PMCID: PMC2644625 DOI: 10.3747/co.v16i1.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Increasing systemic treatment and shortages of oncology professionals in Canada require innovative approaches to the safe and effective delivery of intravenous (IV) cancer treatment. We conducted a systematic review of the clinical and scientific literature, and an environmental scan of models in Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. We then developed a framework for the organization and delivery of IV systemic treatment. Methods The systematic review covered the medline, embase, cinahl, and HealthStar databases. The environmental scan retrieved published and unpublished sources, coupled with a free key word search using the Google search engine. The Systemic Treatment Working Group reviewed the evidence and developed a draft framework using evidence-based analysis, existing recommendations from various jurisdictions, and expert opinion based on experience and consensus. The draft was assessed by Ontario stakeholders and reviewed and approved by Cancer Care Ontario. Results The poor quantity and quality of the evidence necessitated a consensus-derived model. That model comprises four levels of care determined by a regional systemic treatment program and three integrated structures (integrated cancer programs, affiliate institutions, and satellite institutions), each with a defined scope of practice and a specific organizational framework. Interpretation New models of care are urgently required beyond large centres, particularly in geographically remote or rural areas. Despite limited applicable evidence, the development and successful implementation of this framework is intended to create sustainable, accessible, quality care and to measurably improve patient outcomes.
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Abstract
We introduce the issues around protecting information about patients and related data sent via the Internet. We begin by reviewing three concepts necessary to any discussion about data security in a healthcare environment: privacy, confidentiality, and consent. We are giving some advice on how to protect local data. Authentication and privacy of e-mail via encryption is offered by Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) and Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME). The de facto Internet standard for encrypting Web-based information interchanges is Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), more recently known as Transport Layer Security or TLS. There is a public key infrastructure process to 'sign' a message whereby the private key of an individual can be used to 'hash' the message. This can then be verified against the sender's public key. This ensures the data's authenticity and origin without conferring privacy, and is called a 'digital signature'. The best protection against viruses is not opening e-mails from unknown sources or those containing unusual message headers.
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