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Siegel J, Grossberger D, Pryjmaková J, Šlouf M, Malinský P, Ceccio G, Vacík J. Modification of AgNP-Decorated PET: A Promising Strategy for Preparation of AgNP-Filled Nuclear Pores in Polymer Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:712. [PMID: 38255786 PMCID: PMC10815600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based membranes represent an irreplaceable group of materials that can be applied in a wide range of key industrial areas, from packaging to high-end technologies. Increased selectivity to transport properties or the possibility of controlling membrane permeability by external stimuli represents a key issue in current material research. In this work, we present an unconventional approach with the introduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into membrane pores, by immobilising them onto the surface of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) foil with subsequent physical modification by means of laser and plasma radiation prior to membrane preparation. Our results showed that the surface characteristics of AgNP-decorated PET (surface morphology, AgNP content, and depth profile) affected the distribution and concentration of AgNPs in subsequent ion-track membranes. We believe that the presented approach affecting the redistribution of AgNPs in the polymer volume may open up new possibilities for the preparation of metal nanoparticle-filled polymeric membranes. The presence of AgNPs on the pore walls can facilitate the grafting of stimuli-responsive molecules onto these active sites and may contribute to the development of intelligent membranes with controllable transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Siegel
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Daniel Grossberger
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Jana Pryjmaková
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Malinský
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Jan Evangelista Purkyně in Ústí nad Labem, 400 03 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic;
- Department of Neutron Physics, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec, Czech Republic; (G.C.); (J.V.)
| | - Giovanni Ceccio
- Department of Neutron Physics, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec, Czech Republic; (G.C.); (J.V.)
| | - Jiří Vacík
- Department of Neutron Physics, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec, Czech Republic; (G.C.); (J.V.)
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Zhu X, Li X, Liu X, Li J, Zeng XA, Li Y, Yuan Y, Teng YX. Pulse Protein Isolates as Competitive Food Ingredients: Origin, Composition, Functionalities, and the State-of-the-Art Manufacturing. Foods 2023; 13:6. [PMID: 38201034 PMCID: PMC10778321 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing world population and environmental stress are leading to surging demand for nutrient-rich food products with cleaner labeling and improved sustainability. Plant proteins, accordingly, are gaining enormous popularity compared with counterpart animal proteins in the food industry. While conventional plant protein sources, such as wheat and soy, cause concerns about their allergenicity, peas, beans, chickpeas, lentils, and other pulses are becoming important staples owing to their agronomic and nutritional benefits. However, the utilization of pulse proteins is still limited due to unclear pulse protein characteristics and the challenges of characterizing them from extensively diverse varieties within pulse crops. To address these challenges, the origins and compositions of pulse crops were first introduced, while an overarching description of pulse protein physiochemical properties, e.g., interfacial properties, aggregation behavior, solubility, etc., are presented. For further enhanced functionalities, appropriate modifications (including chemical, physical, and enzymatic treatment) are necessary. Among them, non-covalent complexation and enzymatic strategies are especially preferable during the value-added processing of clean-label pulse proteins for specific focus. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the interrelationships between the composition, structure, functional characteristics, and advanced modification strategies of pulse proteins, which is a pillar of high-performance pulse protein in future food manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Zhu
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (X.Z.)
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Xueyin Li
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (X.Z.)
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (X.Z.)
| | - Jingfang Li
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (X.Z.)
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Yue Yuan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA;
| | - Yong-Xin Teng
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (X.Z.)
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
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Pryjmaková J, Grossberger D, Kutová A, Vokatá B, Šlouf M, Slepička P, Siegel J. A New Promising Material for Biological Applications: Multilevel Physical Modification of AgNP-Decorated PEEK. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:3079. [PMID: 38132977 PMCID: PMC10745567 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In the case of polymer medical devices, the surface design plays a crucial role in the contact with human tissue. The use of AgNPs as antibacterial agents is well known; however, there is still more to be investigated about their anchoring into the polymer surface. This study describes the changes in the surface morphology and behaviour in the biological environment of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with immobilised AgNPs after different surface modifications. The initial composites were prepared by immobilising silver nanoparticles from a colloid solution in the upper surface layers of polyetheretherketone (PEEK). The prepared samples (Ag/PEEK) had a planar morphology and were further modified with a KrF laser, a GaN laser, and an Ar plasma. The samples were studied using the AFM method to visualise changes in surface morphology and obtain information on the height of the structures and other surface parameters. A comparative analysis of the nanoparticles and polymers was performed using FEG-SEM. The chemical composition of the surface of the samples and optical activity were studied using XPS and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Finally, drop plate antibacterial and cytotoxicity tests were performed to determine the role of Ag nanoparticles after modification and suitability of the surface, which are important for the use of the resulting composite in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pryjmaková
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (D.G.); (A.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Daniel Grossberger
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (D.G.); (A.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Anna Kutová
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (D.G.); (A.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Barbora Vokatá
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Miroslav Šlouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Slepička
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (D.G.); (A.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Jakub Siegel
- Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.P.); (D.G.); (A.K.); (J.S.)
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4
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Li S, Liu Z, Hei X, Wu C, Ma X, Hu H, Jiao B, Zhu J, Adhikari B, Wang Q, Shi A. Effect of Physical Modifications on Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Walnut Protein. Foods 2023; 12:3709. [PMID: 37835362 PMCID: PMC10572237 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Walnut protein is a high-quality vegetable protein with promising applications in the food industry; however, its potential is hindered by low solubility and associated properties. We utilized various physical modification techniques (cold plasma; ball milling; superfine grinding; ultrasound; wet ball milling; and high-pressure microjet) to enhance walnut proteins' physicochemical and functional properties. The changes in particle size, microstructure, surface hydrophobicity, fluorescence, solubility, foaming, and emulsification were investigated. Cold plasma and ultrasound treatments minimally affected particle size and morphology. Cold plasma increased the particle size D4,3 from 145.20 μm to 152.50 μm. Ultrasonication reduced the particle size D4,3 to 138.00 μm. The variation was within ±10 μm, while the particle size of walnut protein significantly decreased after the other four modification treatments. The greatest variation in particle size was in the superfine grinding, with the D4,3 being reduced to 23.80 μm. Ultrasound treatment converted the β-sheet into an α-helix, while the other methods transformed the α-helix into a β-sheet. The dispersion stability notably improved after wet ball milling and high-pressure microjet treatments, which was accompanied by a significant increase in solubility from 6.9% (control) to 13.6% (wet ball milling) and 31.7% (high-pressure microjet). The foaming and emulsification properties were also enhanced through these modifications (foaming improved from 47% to 55.33% and emulsification improved from 4.32 m2/g to 8.27 m2/g). High-pressure microjet treatment proved most effective at improving solubility in the functional properties of walnut protein. These findings are expected to help broaden the potential utilization of walnut protein in the food industry, including in beverages and emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xue Hei
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Hui Hu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Bo Jiao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Aimin Shi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Q.W.)
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5
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Compart J, Singh A, Fettke J, Apriyanto A. Customizing Starch Properties: A Review of Starch Modifications and Their Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3491. [PMID: 37631548 PMCID: PMC10459083 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Starch has been a convenient, economically important polymer with substantial applications in the food and processing industry. However, native starches present restricted applications, which hinder their industrial usage. Therefore, modification of starch is carried out to augment the positive characteristics and eliminate the limitations of the native starches. Modifications of starch can result in generating novel polymers with numerous functional and value-added properties that suit the needs of the industry. Here, we summarize the possible starch modifications in planta and outside the plant system (physical, chemical, and enzymatic) and their corresponding applications. In addition, this review will highlight the implications of each starch property adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joerg Fettke
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (J.C.); (A.S.); (A.A.)
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6
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Li HT, Zhang W, Bao Y, Dhital S. Enhancing enzymatic resistance of starch through strategic application of food physical processing technologies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37589389 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2245031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The demand for clean-label starch, perceived as environmentally friendly in terms of production and less hazardous to health, has driven the advancement of food physical processing technologies aimed at modifying starch. One of the key objectives of these modifications has been to reduce the glycaemic potency and increase resistant starch content of starch, as these properties have the potential to positively impact metabolic health. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent updates in typical physical processing techniques, including annealing, heat-moisture, microwave and ultrasonication, and a brief discussion of several promising recent-developed methods. The focus is on evaluating the molecular, supramolecular and microstructural changes resulting from these modifications and identifying targeted structures that can foster enzyme-digestion resistance in native starch and its forms relevant to food applications. After a comprehensive search and assessment, the current physical modifications have not consistently improved starch enzymatic resistance. The opportunities for enhancing the effectiveness of modifications lie in (1) identifying modification conditions that avoid the intensive disruption of the granular and supramolecular structure of starch and (2) exploring novel strategies that incorporate multi-type modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Teng Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yulong Bao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sushil Dhital
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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7
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Peng Z, Jiang X, Si C, Joao Cárdenas-Oscanoa A, Huang C. Advances of Modified Lignin as Substitute to Develop Lignin-Based Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives. ChemSusChem 2023; 16:e202300174. [PMID: 37338272 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, phenols used to prepare phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin adhesives are obtained from phenolic compounds and various chemicals, which are extracted from petroleum-based raw materials. Lignin, a sustainable phenolic macromolecule in the cell wall of biomass with an aromatic ring and a phenolic hydroxyl group similar to those of phenol, can be an ideal substitute for phenol in PF resin adhesives. However, only a few lignin-based adhesives are produced on a large scale in industry, mainly because of the low activity of lignin. Preparing lignin-based PF resin adhesives with exceptional achievements by modifying lignin instead of phenol is an efficient method to improve the economic benefits and protect the environment. In this review, the latest progress in the preparation of PF resin adhesives via lignin modification, including chemical, physical, and biological modifications, is discussed. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of different lignin modification methods for adhesives are compared and discussed, and future research directions for the synthesis of lignin-based PF resin adhesives are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwen Peng
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Department of Forestry Biomaterials, North Carolina State University Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA
| | - Chuanling Si
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Aldo Joao Cárdenas-Oscanoa
- Forest Industry Department, Faculty of Forest Science, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, 15024, Perú
| | - Caoxing Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
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8
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Lin Y, Li C, Shi L, Wang L. Anthocyanins: Modified New Technologies and Challenges. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071368. [PMID: 37048188 PMCID: PMC10093405 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are bioactive compounds belonging to the flavonoid class which are commonly applied in foods due to their attractive color and health-promoting benefits. However, the instability of anthocyanins leads to their easy degradation, reduction in bioactivity, and color fading in food processing, which limits their application and causes economic losses. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide a systematic evaluation of the published research on modified methods of anthocyanin use. Modification technology of anthocyanins mainly includes chemical modification (chemical acylation, enzymatic acylation, and formation of pyran anthocyanidin), co-pigmentation, and physical modification (microencapsulation and preparation of pickering emulsion). Modification technology of anthocyanins can not only increase bioavailability and stability of anthocyanin but also can improve effects of anthocyanin on disease prevention and treatment. We also propose potential challenges and perspectives for diversification of anthocyanin-rich products for food application. Overall, integrated strategies are warranted for improving anthocyanin stabilization and promoting their further application in the food industry, medicine, and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, China
- Changshan Agriculture Development Center, Changshan 324200, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lejuan Shi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Changshan Agriculture Development Center, Changshan 324200, China
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9
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Mao L, Mhaske P, Farahnaky A, Majzoobi M. Effect of Dry Heating on Some Physicochemical Properties of Protein-Coated High Amylose and Waxy Corn Starch. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061350. [PMID: 36981276 PMCID: PMC10048297 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The dry heat treatment (DHT) of starch and hydrocolloid mixtures is gaining acknowledgement since hydrocolloids can enhance the efficiency of DHT. However, the DHT of a starch-protein mixture has been less investigated. In this study, the effects of different proteins including sodium caseinate (SC), gelatin, and whey protein isolate (WPI) added to high amylose and waxy corn starches (HACS and WCS, respectively) prepared by the dry mixing and wet method before and after DHT were studied. The DHT of both starches with WPI and SC prepared by the wet method increased the peak viscosity, but no change was observed when gelatin was added. Dry mixing of HACS with the proteins did not affect the peak viscosity before and after DHT. The gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy of both starches showed a slight decrease with the addition of all proteins and reduced further after DHT. The firmness, gumminess, and cohesiveness of the samples decreased upon DHT. The SEM results revealed that the granules were coated by proteins and formed clusters. Particle size analysis showed an increase in the particle size with the addition of proteins, which reduced after DHT. Under the conditions used, the wet method was more successful than dry mixing and the effects of WPI > SC > gelatin in enhancing the physicochemical properties of the tested starches after DHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Mao
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Pranita Mhaske
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Asgar Farahnaky
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Mahsa Majzoobi
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Plenty Road, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
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10
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Shan T, Bian H, Zhu D, Wang K, Wang C, Tian X. Study on the Mechanism and Experiment of Styrene Butadiene Rubber Reinforcement by Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36850282 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Catalyst is a major waste in the field of the petroleum processing field, with a large output and serious pollution. The treatment cost of these waste catalysts is high, and how to achieve their efficient reuse has become a key topic of research at home and abroad. To this end, this paper conducted a mechanistic and experimental study on the replacement of some carbon blacks by spent FCC catalysts for the preparation of rubber products and explored the synergistic reinforcing effect of spent catalysts and carbon blacks, in order to extend the reuse methods of spent catalysts and reduce the pollution caused by them to the environment. The experimental results demonstrated that the filler dispersion and distribution in the compound are more uniform after replacing the carbon black with modified spent FCC catalysts. The crosslinking density of rubber increases, the Payne effect is decreased, and the dynamic mechanical properties and aging resistance are improved. When the number of replacement parts reached 15, the comprehensive performance of the rubber composites remained the same as that of the control group. In this paper, the spent FCC catalysts modified by the physical method instead of the carbon-black-filled SBR can not only improve the performance of rubber products, but also can provide basic technical and theoretical support to realize the recycling of spent FCC catalysts and reduce the environmental pressure. The feasibility of preparing rubber composites by spent catalysts is also verified.
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Zhang K, Tang X, Guo F, Xiao K, Zheng D, Ma Y, Zhao Q, Wang F, Yang B. Improved Dynamic Compressive and Electro-Thermal Properties of Hybrid Nanocomposite Visa Physical Modification. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 13:52. [PMID: 36615962 PMCID: PMC9824552 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The current work studied the physical modification effects of non-covalent surfactant on the carbon-particle-filled nanocomposite. The selected surfactant named Triton™ X-100 was able to introduce the steric repelling force between the epoxy matrix and carbon fillers with the help of beneficial functional groups, improving their dispersibility and while maintaining the intrinsic conductivity of carbon particles. Subsequent results further demonstrated that the physically modified carbon nanotubes, together with graphene nanoplates, constructed an effective particulate network within the epoxy matrix, which simultaneously provided mechanical reinforcement and conductive improvement to the hybrid nanocomposite system. For example, the hybrid nanocomposite showed maximum enhancements of ~75.1% and ~82.5% for the quasi-static mode-I critical-stress-intensity factor and dynamic compressive strength, respectively, as compared to the neat epoxy counterpart. Additionally, the fine dispersion of modified fillers as a double-edged sword adversely influenced the electrical conductivity of the hybrid nanocomposite because of the decreased contact probability among particles. Even so, by adjusting the modified filler ratio, the conductivity of the hybrid nanocomposite went up to the maximum level of ~10-1-100 S/cm, endowing itself with excellent electro-thermal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Suqian University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Beijing Spacecrafts, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- College of Architectural Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Kangli Xiao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Suqian University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Dexin Zheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Suqian University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Yunsheng Ma
- Shandong Chambroad Holding Group Co., Ltd, Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Qingsong Zhao
- Shandong Chambroad Holding Group Co., Ltd, Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Fangxin Wang
- College of Architectural Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Bin Yang
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Komisarz K, Majka TM, Pielichowski K. Chemical and Physical Modification of Lignin for Green Polymeric Composite Materials. Materials (Basel) 2022; 16:16. [PMID: 36614353 PMCID: PMC9821536 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, a valuable polymer of natural origin, displays numerous desired intrinsic properties; however, modification processes leading to the value-added products suitable for composite materials' applications are in demand. Chemical modification routes involve mostly reactions with hydroxyl groups present in the structure of lignin, but other paths, such as copolymerization or grafting, are also utilized. On the other hand, physical techniques, such as irradiation, freeze-drying, and sorption, to enhance the surface properties of lignin and the resulting composite materials, are developed. Various kinds of chemically or physically modified lignin are discussed in this review and their effects on the properties of polymeric (bio)materials are presented. Lignin-induced enhancements in green polymer composites, such as better dimensional stability, improved hydrophobicity, and improved mechanical properties, along with biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity, have been presented. This review addresses the challenges connected with the efficient modification of lignin, which depends on polymer origin and the modification conditions. Finally, future outlooks on modified lignins as useful materials on their own and as prospective biofillers for environmentally friendly polymeric materials are presented.
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Sopawong P, Warodomwichit D, Srichamnong W, Methacanon P, Tangsuphoom N. Effect of Physical and Enzymatic Modifications on Composition, Properties and In Vitro Starch Digestibility of Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Seed Flour. Foods 2022; 11. [PMID: 36010474 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, native lotus seed flour (N-LSF) was modified by different methods, namely, partial gelatinization (PG), heat−moisture treatment (HMT), or pullulanase treatment (EP). Their composition, functional properties, starch composition, and estimated glycemic index (eGI) were compared. PG contained similar protein, soluble dietary fiber, and insoluble dietary fiber contents to N-LSF, while those of HMT and EP differed from their native form. PG increased rapid digestible starch (RDS) but decreased resistant starch (RS); while HMT and EP increased amylose and RS contents to 34.57−39.23% and 86.99−92.52% total starch, respectively. Such differences led to the different pasting properties of the modified flours rather than PG, which was comparable to the native flour. HMT had limited pasting properties, while EP gave the highest viscosities upon pasting. The eGI of all samples could be classified as low (<50), except that of PG, which was in the medium range (60). It was plausible that lotus seed flour modified either with HMT or EP could be used as carbohydrate source for diabetes patients or health-conscious people.
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Constantino ABT, Garcia-Rojas EE. Proteins from pseudocereal seeds: solubility, extraction, and modifications of the physicochemical and techno-functional properties. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:2630-2639. [PMID: 34997591 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pseudocereals (amaranth, buckwheat and quinoa) are emerging as popular gluten-free crops. This may be attributed to their wide-ranging health benefits, including antioxidant, hypoglycemic and serum-cholesterol reducing properties. Proteins of these crops have a high nutritional quality as a result of the presence of essential amino acids. Additionally, amaranth, buckwheat and quinoa proteins (AP, BP and QP, respectively) have physicochemical properties that are useful for the manufacture of different types of food. However, native pseudocereal proteins demonstrate a low solubility in water, mainly because of their composition. The major components of these proteins are albumins (water-soluble) and globulins (salt-soluble), although some proportions of glutelin (alkali-soluble) and prolamins (alcohol-soluble) are also found. The most commonly used method for extracting pseudocereal proteins is the alkaline extraction method, which may contribute to the low solubility of pseudocereal protein. Fortunately, different methods for modifying physicochemical (or techno-functional) properties have been proposed to extend their industrial application. For example, high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) proved useful for improving the solubility of API and QP. Heating can allow for the formation of soluble aggregates of QP. The combination of heating and HIUS can improve the digestibility, solubility and foam properties of AP. Conjugation through the Maillard reaction can improve BPI and QP interfacial properties. Thus, present study provides a review of the solubility, extraction and modification of the techno-functional properties of AP, BP and QP. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Bene Tomé Constantino
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA), Universidade Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências de Saúde, Universidade Zambeze, Cidade de Tete, Mozambique
| | - Edwin Elard Garcia-Rojas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA), Universidade Federal Rural de Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Brazil
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Tecnologia Agroindustrial (LETA), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Volta Redonda, Brazil
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15
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Yin S, Wu T, Lu JY, Liu ZD, Guo T, Feng NP. [Improvement in compatibility of hot melt pressure-sensitive adhesive with cinnamon volatile oil and in vitro transdermal property by physical blending]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:5650-5657. [PMID: 34951218 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210319.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hot melt pressure-sensitive adhesive(HMPSA) has broad application potential in the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) plasters due to its high drug loading, weak skin irritation, satisfactory adhesion, etc. compared with rubber plasters.However, the structure of HMPSA is prone to suffer from the damage caused by volatile oils in TCM plasters. In view of this, a kind of HMPSA with a stable structure was prepared by physical blending of DINCH, polypropylene wax and liquid rubber(LIR) in the present study, which is denoted as DPL. The dosage of cinnamon volatile oil(CVO), the model drug, was selected with viscosity, softening point and cohesion as evaluation indexes. The interaction between DPL and HMPSA was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The compatibility of HMPSA with CVO and its transdermal ability were studied by in vitro transdermal test, adhesion, scanning electron microscopy( SEM) and rheological evaluation. The results showed that 5% CVO began to damage the structure of HMPSA. The initial adhesion and holding adhesion of DPL-modified HMPSA(DPL-HMPSA) were not significantly changed compared with those of HMPSA, whereas the 180° peel strength was decreased. FI-IR unraveled that DPL formed the n-π conjugated system with styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer(SIS), and there was no significant difference in the glass transition temperature according to DSC results, which indicated the good compatibility of DPL with HMPSA. With 5% CVO loaded, the drug content of DPL-HMPSA was 1. 14 times higher than that of HMPSA, and the decrease rate of drug content in DPL-HMPSA was 16% lower than that in HMPSA after 3 months. SEM demonstrated that CVO did not cause obvious structural damage to DPL-HMPSA. Rheological evaluation revealed that the storage modulus and loss factor of DPL-HMPSA were higher than those of HMPSA, and the cohesion was also stronger. The percutaneous penetration rate of cinnamaldehyde in DPL-HMPSA was 2. 25 times that of HMPSA. In conclusion, DPL-HMPSA had more stable structure, better compatibility with CVO, and higher in vitro transdermal efficiency of cinnamaldehyde than before the modification. This study can provide reference for the mitigation of the matrix structure damage caused by volatile oil components in TCM plasters and the enhancement of the content and in vitro transdermal rate of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tan Wu
- Henkel (China) Investment Co., Ltd. Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian-Ying Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhen-da Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Teng Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nian-Ping Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China
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16
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Punia Bangar S, Nehra M, Siroha AK, Petrů M, Ilyas RA, Devi U, Devi P. Development and Characterization of Physical Modified Pearl Millet Starch-Based Films. Foods 2021; 10:1609. [PMID: 34359479 PMCID: PMC8304386 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pearl millet is an underutilized and drought-resistant crop that is mainly used for animal feed and fodder. Starch (70%) is the main constituent of the pearl millet grain; this starch may be a good substitute for major sources of starch such as corn, rice, potatoes, etc. Starch was isolated from pearl millet grains and modified with different physical treatments (heat-moisture (HMT), microwave (MT), and sonication treatment (ST)). The amylose content and swelling capacity of the starches decreased after HMT and MT, while the reverse was observed for ST. Transition temperatures (onset (To), peak of gelatinization (Tp), and conclusion (Tc)) of the starches ranged from 62.92-76.16 °C, 67.95-81.05 °C, and 73.78-84.50 °C, respectively. After modification (HMT, MT, and ST), an increase in the transition temperatures was observed. Peak-viscosity of the native starch was observed to be 995 mPa.s., which was higher than the starch modified with HMT and MT. Rheological characteristics (storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'')) of the native and modified starches differed from 1039 to 1730 Pa and 83 to 94 Pa; the largest value was found for starch treated with ST and HMT. SEM showed cracks and holes on granule surfaces after HMT as well as MT starch granules. Films were prepared using both native and modified starches. The modification of the starches with different treatments had a significant impact on the moisture, transmittance, and solubility of films. The findings of this study will provide a better understanding of the functional properties of pearl millet starch for its possible utilization in film formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - Manju Nehra
- Department Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India; (M.N.); (U.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Anil Kumar Siroha
- Department Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India; (M.N.); (U.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Michal Petrů
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Urmila Devi
- Department Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India; (M.N.); (U.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Priyanka Devi
- Department Food Science and Technology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India; (M.N.); (U.D.); (P.D.)
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17
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Zhang D, Xu H, Jiang B, Wang X, Yang L, Shan Y, Ding S. Effects of ultra-high pressure on the morphological and physicochemical properties of lily starch. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:952-962. [PMID: 33598178 PMCID: PMC7866584 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, starch extracted from lily bulbs were modified using an ultra-high pressure (UHP) treatment at six different pressure levels (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 MPa). The effects of UHP treatment on the physicochemical and morphological properties of lily starch were investigated. The morphological observation revealed that UHP treatment led to particle expansion and aggregation. Compared with the native and lily starch treated at 100-500 MPa, the lily starch treated at 600 MPa exhibited almost completely disrupted morphology and a larger particle size, indicating nearly complete gelatinization of the starch. The relative crystallinity of the UHP-treated starch remarkably reduced. Gelatinization temperatures via differential scanning calorimetry decreased with increasing pressure. The rapid viscoanalyzer results revealed that the lily starch treated with UHP at 600 MPa showed low values of peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity, and setback. These results indicated that UHP was an effective physical modification method for lily starch, UHP treatment (600 MPa, 30 min) caused nearly complete gelatinization of lily starch, and lily starch modified using UHP might expand the application of lily in the food field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Zhang
- Longping Branch Graduate SchoolHunan UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesHunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality SafetyChangshaChina
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and SafetyChangshaChina
| | - Haishan Xu
- Longping Branch Graduate SchoolHunan UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesHunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality SafetyChangshaChina
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and SafetyChangshaChina
| | - Bing Jiang
- Longping Branch Graduate SchoolHunan UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesHunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality SafetyChangshaChina
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and SafetyChangshaChina
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Longping Branch Graduate SchoolHunan UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesHunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality SafetyChangshaChina
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and SafetyChangshaChina
| | - Lvzhu Yang
- Longping Branch Graduate SchoolHunan UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesHunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality SafetyChangshaChina
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and SafetyChangshaChina
| | - Yang Shan
- Longping Branch Graduate SchoolHunan UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesHunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality SafetyChangshaChina
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and SafetyChangshaChina
| | - Shenghua Ding
- Longping Branch Graduate SchoolHunan UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing InstituteHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesHunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Fruits and Vegetables Storage Processing and Quality SafetyChangshaChina
- Hunan Province International Joint Lab on Fruits & Vegetables Processing, Quality and SafetyChangshaChina
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18
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Miturska I, Rudawska A, Müller M, Hromasová M. The Influence of Mixing Methods of Epoxy Composition Ingredients on Selected Mechanical Properties of Modified Epoxy Construction Materials. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:411. [PMID: 33467604 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The proper process of preparing an adhesive composition has a significant impact on the degree of dispersion of the composition ingredients in the matrix, as well as on the degree of aeration of the resulting composition, which in turn directly affects the strength and functional properties of the obtained adhesive compositions. The paper presents the results of tensile strength tests and SEM microphotographs of the adhesive composition of Epidian 57 epoxy resin with Z-1 curing agent, which was modified using three fillers NanoBent ZR2 montmorillonite, CaCO3 calcium carbonate and CWZ-22 active carbon. For comparison purposes, samples made of unmodified composition were also tested. The compositions were prepared with the use of six mixing methods, with variable parameters such as type of mixer arm, deaeration and epoxy resin temperature. Then, three mixing speeds were applied: 460, 1170 and 2500 rpm. The analyses of the obtained results showed that the most effective tensile results were obtained in the case of mixing with the use of a dispersing disc mixer with preliminary heating of the epoxy resin to 50 °C and deaeration of the composition during mixing. The highest tensile strength of adhesive compositions was obtained at the highest mixing speed; however, the best repeatability of the results was observed at 1170 rpm mixing speed. Based on a comparison test of average values, it was observed that, in case of modified compositions, the values of average tensile strength obtained at mixing speeds at 1170 and 2500 rpm do not differ significantly with the assumed level of significance α = 0.05.
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19
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Carcelli A, Masuelli E, Diantom A, Vittadini E, Carini E. Probing the Functionality of Physically Modified Corn Flour as Clean Label Thickening Agent with a Multiscale Characterization. Foods 2020; 9:E1105. [PMID: 32806642 PMCID: PMC7466319 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A multilevel and multianalytical approach, combining both traditional and unconventional analytical tools, was used to characterize two physically modified (heated and heated-extruded) corn flours to be used as a "clean label" food ingredient. Physical treatments decreased the resistant starch content and increased the water holding capacity and water binding capacity, more extensively in the product subjected to heating-extrusion, as compared to an untreated control. Heated-extruded flour had the highest ability to form homogeneous systems in cold water while all modified flours produced homogeneous systems when mixed with hot water. Systems made with heated-extruded flour were "more rigid" than other samples at all levels of investigation as they were harder (macroscopic) and had higher storage modulus (mesoscopic), as well as lower proton 1H mobility (molecular). Overall, the results highlighted the ability of the multiscale method to give a thorough overview of the flour-water interactions and showed highest water affinity of heated-extruded flour. Heated-extruded flour was then tested in three real-food industrial applications (carrot soup, tomato sauce and a meat patty), where it was successfully implemented as a clean label thickening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carcelli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 47/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Erica Masuelli
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 47/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Agoura Diantom
- Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires, University of Lome, BP 1515 Lome, Togo;
| | - Elena Vittadini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Eleonora Carini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 47/a, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.)
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20
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Rudawska A. The Impact of the Seasoning Conditions on Mechanical Properties of Modified and Unmodified Epoxy Adhesive Compounds. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050804. [PMID: 31064053 PMCID: PMC6572428 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of the adhesive samples seasoning conditions (temperature and time) on selected mechanical properties of four epoxy adhesive compounds (two unmodified and two modified ones). The samples were made of Epidian 53 epoxy resin mixed with the two different amine curing agents in appropriate stoichiometric proportions. A filler in the form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powder was used as a modifier. The adhesive compound samples were cured for seven days. Six seasoning variants were used. Four of them were related with the seasoning time at ambient temperature of 24 ± 2 °C for: one month, two months, five months and eight months, respectively. Two other variants were related with seasoning at negative temperature (−10 ± 2 °C) for one month. The last variant (F) also included seasoning at ambient temperature (24 ± 2 °C) for five months right after seasoning in negative temperature. Cured and cylinder-shaped adhesive compound samples were subjected to compressive strength tests (according to the ISO 604 standard). The strength tests were performed using a Zwick/Roell Z150 testing machine. Based on the tests, it was observed that both temperature and time of seasoning influenced the adhesive’s mechanical properties. In the perspective of eight months, these changes were relatively minor for the samples seasoned at ambient temperature. The adhesive samples prepared for the tests were especially sensitive to negative temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rudawska
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland.
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21
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Jakobi S, Jekle M, Becker T. High-Pressure Treatment of Non-Hydrated Flour Affects Structural Characteristics and Hydration. Foods 2018; 7:E78. [PMID: 29772734 PMCID: PMC5977098 DOI: 10.3390/foods7050078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, high-pressure treatment (HPT) has become an established process concerning the preservation of food. However, studies dealing with the structural, and consequently functional modification of non-hydrated starchy matrices (moisture content ≤ 15%) by HPT are missing. To close this knowledge gap, pressure (0⁻600 MPa, 10 min) and pressurization time depending (0⁻20 min, 450 MPa) alterations of wheat flour were investigated. Pressure rise from 0 to 600 MPa or pressurization time rise from 0 to 20 min resulted in a decline of amylopectin content from 68.3 ± 2.0% to 59.7 ± 1.5% (linearly, R² = 0.83) and 59.6 ± 0.7% (sigmoidal), respectively. Thereby, detectable total amount of starch decreased from 77.7 ± 0.8% linearly to 67.6 ± 1.7%, and sigmoidal, to 69.4 ± 0.4%, respectively. Increase in pressure caused a linear decrease in gelatinization enthalpy of 33.2 ± 5.6%, and linear increase in hydration properties by 11.0 ± 0.6%. The study revealed structural and technological relevant alterations of starch-based food matrices with low moisture content by HPT, which must be taken into consideration during processing and preservation of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Jakobi
- Research Group Cereal Technology and Process Engineering, Institute of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Mario Jekle
- Research Group Cereal Technology and Process Engineering, Institute of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Thomas Becker
- Research Group Cereal Technology and Process Engineering, Institute of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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22
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Zink J, Wyrobnik T, Prinz T, Schmid M. Physical, Chemical and Biochemical Modifications of Protein-Based Films and Coatings: An Extensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1376. [PMID: 27563881 PMCID: PMC5037656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-based films and coatings are an interesting alternative to traditional petroleum-based materials. However, their mechanical and barrier properties need to be enhanced in order to match those of the latter. Physical, chemical, and biochemical methods can be used for this purpose. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the effects of various treatments on whey, soy, and wheat gluten protein-based films and coatings. These three protein sources have been chosen since they are among the most abundantly used and are well described in the literature. Similar behavior might be expected for other protein sources. Most of the modifications are still not fully understood at a fundamental level, but all the methods discussed change the properties of the proteins and resulting products. Mastering these modifications is an important step towards the industrial implementation of protein-based films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Zink
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Strasse 35, Freising 85354, Germany.
| | - Tom Wyrobnik
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Strasse 35, Freising 85354, Germany.
| | - Tobias Prinz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Strasse 35, Freising 85354, Germany.
| | - Markus Schmid
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Strasse 35, Freising 85354, Germany.
- Chair of Food Packaging Technology, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Steig 22, Freising 85354, Germany.
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23
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Zhou Y, Yang N, Wang X, Weng Y, Diao X, Zhang M, Jin Y. [Biomanufactured polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) modification: a review]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2016; 32:738-747. [PMID: 29019183 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.160027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we presented the industrial status of biomanufactured polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), including poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P3/4HB)), and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-3-hydroxycaproate) (PHBH). A lot of modification studies, aimed at solving problems of poor thermal stability, narrow processing window and other drawbacks of PHA, are discussed. The properties of PHA can be optimized by using proper modification method, in order to expand its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiyuan Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaoqian Diao
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yujuan Jin
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Bitar KN, Zakhem E. Design strategies of biodegradable scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Biomed Eng Comput Biol 2014; 6:13-20. [PMID: 25288907 PMCID: PMC4147780 DOI: 10.4137/becb.s10961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are numerous available biodegradable materials that can be used as scaffolds in regenerative medicine. Currently, there is a huge emphasis on the designing phase of the scaffolds. Materials can be designed to have different properties in order to match the specific application. Modifying scaffolds enhances their bioactivity and improves the regeneration capacity. Modifications of the scaffolds can be later characterized using several tissue engineering tools. In addition to the material, cell source is an important component of the regeneration process. Modified materials must be able to support survival and growth of different cell types. Together, cells and modified biomaterials contribute to the remodeling of the engineered tissue, which affects its performance. This review focuses on the recent advancements in the designs of the scaffolds including the physical and chemical modifications. The last part of this review also discusses designing processes that involve viability of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil N Bitar
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. ; Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. ; Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elie Zakhem
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. ; Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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