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Ma K, Yuan Y, Fang C. Mainstreaming production and nutrient resilience of vegetable crops in megacities: pre-breeding for terrace cultivation. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1237099. [PMID: 38053771 PMCID: PMC10694833 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1237099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Modern megacities offer convenient lifestyles to their citizens. However, agriculture is becoming increasingly vulnerable, especially during unexpected public health emergencies such as pandemics. Fortunately, the adaptability of terrace vegetables cultivation presents an opportunity to grow horticultural crops in residential spaces, bringing numerous benefits to citizens, including enhanced nutrition and recreational engagement in the cultivation process. Although certain planting skills and equipment have been developed, the citizens tend to sow some seeds with unknown pedigree, it is rare to find new plant varieties specifically bred for cultivation as terrace vegetables. To expand the genetic basis of new breeding materials, elite parents, and varieties (pre-breeding) for terrace cultivation, this review not only discusses the molecular breeding strategy for the identification, creation, and application of rational alleles for improving horticultural characteristics including plant architecture, flavor quality, and ornamental character, but also assesses the potential for terrace cultivation of some representative vegetable crops. We conclude that the process of pre-breeding specifically for terrace cultivation environments is vital for generating a genetic basis for urban terrace vegetable crops.
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Suma A, Joseph John K, Bhat KV, Latha M, Lakshmi CJ, Pitchaimuthu M, Nissar VAM, Thirumalaisamy PP, Pandey CD, Pandey S, Kumar A, Gautam RK, Singh GP. Genetic enhancement of okra [ Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] germplasm through wide hybridization. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1284070. [PMID: 38023890 PMCID: PMC10654990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1284070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The introgression of genetic material from one species to another through wide hybridization and repeated back-crossing, plays an important role in genetic modification and enriching the cultivated gene-pool with novel genetic variations. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus [(L.) Moench)] is a popular vegetable crop with high dietary fibre and protein, rich in essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan. The wild Abelmoschus genepool has many desirable traits like ornamental value, short internodal length, more number of productive branches, extended bearing, perennation tendency, reduced fruit length (more consumer preferred trait), high mucilage content (medicinal value), abiotic stress tolerances such as drought, high temperature and biotic stress resistances such as okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (YVMV) and Enation Leaf Curl Virus (ELCV) diseases. The repeated use of elite breeding lines led to narrowing of the genetic base of the okra crop, one of the major factors attributed to breakdown of resistance/ tolerance to biotic stresses. YVMV and ELCV are the two major diseases, causing significant yield loss in okra. Hence, wide hybridization was attempted to transfer tolerance genes from wild species to the cultivated genepool to widen the genetic base. Material and methods The screening of germplasm of wild Abelmoschus species at hotspots led to the identification of tolerant species (Abelmoschus pungens var. mizoramensis, A. enbeepeegeearensis, A. caillei, A. tetraphyllus and A. angulosus var. grandiflorus), which were further used in a wide-hybridization programme to generate interspecific hybrids with the cultivated okra. Presence of pre- and post-zygotic barriers to interspecific geneflow, differences in ploidy levels and genotype specific variations in chromosome numbers led to varying degrees of sterility in F1 plants of interspecific crosses. This was overcome by doubling the chromosome number of interspecific hybrids by applying Colchicine at the seedling stage. The 113 cross derivatives generated comprising amphidiploids in the F1 generation (30), F3 (14), one each in F2 and F4 generations, back cross generation in BC1F2 (03), BC1F3 (25), and BC2F3 (02), crosses between amphidiploids (27), multi-cross combinations (07) and inter-specific cross (between A. sagittifolius × A. moschatus subsp. moschatus) selfed derivatives at F8 generation (03) were characterized in the present study. Besides they were advanced through selfing and backcrossing. Results and Discussion The amphidiploids were found to possess many desirable genes with a considerable magnitude of linkage drag. Majority of the wide cross derivatives had an intermediate fruit morphology and dominance of wild characters viz., hispid fruits, stem, leaves, tough fruit fibre, vigorous perennial growth habit and prolonged flowering and fruiting. The fruit morphology of three BC progenies exhibited a high morphological resemblance to the cultivated okra, confirming successful transfer of useful genes to the cultivated okra genepool. The detailed morphological characteristics of the various combinations of Abelmoschus amphidiploids and the genetic enhancement of the genepool achieved in this process is reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Suma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - K. Joseph John
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | | | - Madhavan Latha
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - V. A. M. Nissar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Sushil Pandey
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar Gautam
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
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Arca M, Gouesnard B, Mary-Huard T, Le Paslier MC, Bauland C, Combes V, Madur D, Charcosset A, Nicolas SD. Genotyping of DNA pools identifies untapped landraces and genomic regions to develop next-generation varieties. Plant Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1123-1139. [PMID: 36740649 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Landraces, that is, traditional varieties, have a large diversity that is underexploited in modern breeding. A novel DNA pooling strategy was implemented to identify promising landraces and genomic regions to enlarge the genetic diversity of modern varieties. As proof of concept, DNA pools from 156 American and European maize landraces representing 2340 individuals were genotyped with an SNP array to assess their genome-wide diversity. They were compared to elite cultivars produced across the 20th century, represented by 327 inbred lines. Detection of selective footprints between landraces of different geographic origin identified genes involved in environmental adaptation (flowering times, growth) and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress (drought, cold, salinity). Promising landraces were identified by developing two novel indicators that estimate their contribution to the genome of inbred lines: (i) a modified Roger's distance standardized by gene diversity and (ii) the assignation of lines to landraces using supervised analysis. It showed that most landraces do not have closely related lines and that only 10 landraces, including famous landraces as Reid's Yellow Dent, Lancaster Surecrop and Lacaune, cumulated half of the total contribution to inbred lines. Comparison of ancestral lines directly derived from landraces with lines from more advanced breeding cycles showed a decrease in the number of landraces with a large contribution. New inbred lines derived from landraces with limited contributions enriched more the haplotype diversity of reference inbred lines than those with a high contribution. Our approach opens an avenue for the identification of promising landraces for pre-breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Arca
- INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Brigitte Gouesnard
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Tristan Mary-Huard
- INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Cyril Bauland
- INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Valérie Combes
- INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Delphine Madur
- INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alain Charcosset
- INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane D Nicolas
- INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Cortés AJ, Barnaby JY. Editorial: Harnessing genebanks: High-throughput phenotyping and genotyping of crop wild relatives and landraces. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1149469. [PMID: 36968416 PMCID: PMC10036837 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1149469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés J. Cortés
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria – AGROSAVIA, C.I. La Selva, Rionegro, Colombia
| | - Jinyoung Y. Barnaby
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD, United States
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Singh G, Gudi S, Amandeep, Upadhyay P, Shekhawat PK, Nayak G, Goyal L, Kumar D, Kumar P, Kamboj A, Thada A, Shekhar S, Koli GK, DP M, Halladakeri P, Kaur R, Kumar S, Saini P, Singh I, Ayoubi H. Unlocking the hidden variation from wild repository for accelerating genetic gain in legumes. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1035878. [PMID: 36438090 PMCID: PMC9682257 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The fluctuating climates, rising human population, and deteriorating arable lands necessitate sustainable crops to fulfil global food requirements. In the countryside, legumes with intriguing but enigmatic nitrogen-fixing abilities and thriving in harsh climatic conditions promise future food security. However, breaking the yield plateau and achieving higher genetic gain are the unsolved problems of legume improvement. Present study gives emphasis on 15 important legume crops, i.e., chickpea, pigeonpea, soybean, groundnut, lentil, common bean, faba bean, cowpea, lupin, pea, green gram, back gram, horse gram, moth bean, rice bean, and some forage legumes. We have given an overview of the world and India's area, production, and productivity trends for all legume crops from 1961 to 2020. Our review article investigates the importance of gene pools and wild relatives in broadening the genetic base of legumes through pre-breeding and alien gene introgression. We have also discussed the importance of integrating genomics, phenomics, speed breeding, genetic engineering and genome editing tools in legume improvement programmes. Overall, legume breeding may undergo a paradigm shift once genomics and conventional breeding are integrated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Santosh Gudi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Amandeep
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Priyanka Upadhyay
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Kanwar Shekhawat
- Division of Crop Improvement, Plant Breeding and Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gyanisha Nayak
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Lakshay Goyal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Akashdeep Kamboj
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Antra Thada
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shweta Shekhar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Koli
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Meghana DP
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Priyanka Halladakeri
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajvir Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Saini
- CSB-Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute (CSR&TI), Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India, Jammu- Kashmir, Pampore, India
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Habiburahman Ayoubi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Hoyos-Villegas V, Chen J, Mastrangelo AM, Raman H. Editorial: Advances in Breeding for Quantitative Disease Resistance. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:890002. [PMID: 35498649 PMCID: PMC9043843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.890002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Mid-Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States
| | - Anna Maria Mastrangelo
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Council for Agricultural and Economics Research (CREA), Foggia, Italy
| | - Harsh Raman
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
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Sharma S, Jaba J, Rao PJ, Prasad S, Gopal NTVV, Sharma HC, Kilian B. Reaping the Potential of Wild Cajanus Species through Pre-Breeding for Improving Resistance to Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera, in Cultivated Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.). Biology (Basel) 2022; 11. [PMID: 35453685 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) causes the highest yield losses in pigeonpea, followed by pod fly (Melanagromyza obtusa). High levels of resistance to pod borer are not available in the cultivated genepool. Several accessions of wild Cajanus species with strong resistance, and different resistance mechanisms (antixenosis and antibiosis) to pod borer have been identified. These accessions can be utilized to improve the pod borer resistance of cultivated pigeonpea. Using pod borer resistant Cajanus scarabaeoides and Cajanus acutifolius as pollen donors and popular pigeonpea varieties as recipients, pre-breeding populations were developed following simple- and complex-cross approaches. Preliminary evaluation of four backcross populations consisting of >2300 introgression lines (ILs) under un-sprayed field conditions resulted in identifying 156 ILs with low visual damage rating scores (5.0−6.0) and low pod borer damage (<50%). Precise re-screening of these ILs over different locations and years resulted in the identification of 21 ILs having improved resistance to pod borer. Because these ILs were derived from wild Cajanus species, they may contain different alleles for different resistance components to pod borer. Hence, these ILs are ready-to-use novel and diverse sources of pod borer resistance that can be utilized for improving the pod borer resistance of cultivated pigeonpea.
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Das A, Parihar AK, Barpete S, Kumar S, Gupta S. Current Perspectives on Reducing the β-ODAP Content and Improving Potential Agronomic Traits in Grass Pea ( Lathyrus sativus L.). Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:703275. [PMID: 34733297 PMCID: PMC8558212 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.703275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Grass pea is well-established as one of the most resilient and versatile crops that can thrive under extreme climatic circumstances such as cold, heat, drought, salt-affected soils, submergence, and excessive rainfall along with resistance to several diseases and pests. However, despite the awareness of its virtues, its cultivation globally has decreased recently owing to the presence of a neurotoxin, β-N-oxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), in the seedlings and seeds of this legume, which has been reported to cause neurolathyrism, a non-reversible neurological disorder in humans and animals. Significant repositories of Lathyrus germplasm are available across countries that have provided access to a wide range of agro-morphological traits as well as the low β ODAP content. Efforts have been made worldwide to use these germplasms for the genetic enhancement of grass pea to make this food safe for human consumption. Efforts on molecular breeding of this crop are also lagging. However, during the last decade, the research scenario has changed with some efforts being made toward improving this climate resilient pulse in terms of genomic resources. Molecular markers have also been used to evaluate the interspecific diversity as well as the phylogenetic relationship among the species and mapping studies. Intron-targeted amplified polymorphic, genomic simple sequence repeat, resistance genes analogs, and disease resistance markers developed for other legume species have been successfully cross-amplified in grass pea. Transcriptomic studies have recently been undertaken on grass pea by deploying several second-generation sequencing techniques. In addition, a few studies have attempted to unveil the genes and the underlying mechanism conferring biotic and abiotic stress or regulating the pathway of β-ODAP in grass pea. Proteomics has accelerated the identification studies on differential proteomes in response to salinity and low-temperature stress conditions for unveiling the common signaling pathways involved in mitigating these abiotic stresses and in discovering differentially regulated proteins. In grass pea, a metabolomics approach has been used to identify the metabolic processes associated with β-ODAP synthesis. Genome sequencing of grass pea is under way which is expected to be vital for whole-genome re-sequencing and gene annotation toward the identification of genes with novel functions. Recently, a draft genome sequence of grass pea was developed, and some efforts are underway to re-sequence a diverse panel of grass pea comprising 384 germplasm lines. Owing to the scantiness of a successful transformation protocol, research on the application of modern approaches of genome editing like the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) or CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system for the engineering of signaling pathways or regulatory mechanisms seeks immediate attention to reduce the β-ODAP content in seeds and to improve the potential agronomic traits in grass pea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Das
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, India
| | | | - Surendra Barpete
- Food Legumes Research Platform (FLRP), International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Sehore, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat-Institutes, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
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Bohra A, Kilian B, Sivasankar S, Caccamo M, Mba C, McCouch SR, Varshney RK. Reap the crop wild relatives for breeding future crops. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:412-431. [PMID: 34629170 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crop wild relatives (CWRs) have provided breeders with several 'game-changing' traits or genes that have boosted crop resilience and global agricultural production. Advances in breeding and genomics have accelerated the identification of valuable CWRs for use in crop improvement. The enhanced genetic diversity of breeding pools carrying optimum combinations of favorable alleles for targeted crop-growing regions is crucial to sustain genetic gain. In parallel, growing sequence information on wild genomes in combination with precise gene-editing tools provide a fast-track route to transform CWRs into ideal future crops. Data-informed germplasm collection and management strategies together with adequate policy support will be equally important to improve access to CWRs and their sustainable use to meet food and nutrition security targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bohra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), 208024 Kanpur, India
| | | | - Shoba Sivasankar
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna International Centre, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Chikelu Mba
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome 00153, Italy
| | - Susan R McCouch
- Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
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Sharma S, Schulthess AW, Bassi FM, Badaeva ED, Neumann K, Graner A, Özkan H, Werner P, Knüpffer H, Kilian B. Introducing Beneficial Alleles from Plant Genetic Resources into the Wheat Germplasm. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:982. [PMID: 34681081 PMCID: PMC8533267 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum sp.) is one of the world's most important crops, and constantly increasing its productivity is crucial to the livelihoods of millions of people. However, more than a century of intensive breeding and selection processes have eroded genetic diversity in the elite genepool, making new genetic gains difficult. Therefore, the need to introduce novel genetic diversity into modern wheat has become increasingly important. This review provides an overview of the plant genetic resources (PGR) available for wheat. We describe the most important taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of these PGR to guide their use in wheat breeding. In addition, we present the status of the use of some of these resources in wheat breeding programs. We propose several introgression schemes that allow the transfer of qualitative and quantitative alleles from PGR into elite germplasm. With this in mind, we propose the use of a stage-gate approach to align the pre-breeding with main breeding programs to meet the needs of breeders, farmers, and end-users. Overall, this review provides a clear starting point to guide the introgression of useful alleles over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Sharma
- Global Crop Diversity Trust, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, D-53113 Bonn, Germany; (S.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Albert W. Schulthess
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, D-06466 Seeland, Germany; (A.W.S.); (K.N.); (A.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Filippo M. Bassi
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat 10112, Morocco;
| | - Ekaterina D. Badaeva
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kerstin Neumann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, D-06466 Seeland, Germany; (A.W.S.); (K.N.); (A.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Andreas Graner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, D-06466 Seeland, Germany; (A.W.S.); (K.N.); (A.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Hakan Özkan
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana 01330, Turkey;
| | - Peter Werner
- Global Crop Diversity Trust, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, D-53113 Bonn, Germany; (S.S.); (P.W.)
| | - Helmut Knüpffer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, D-06466 Seeland, Germany; (A.W.S.); (K.N.); (A.G.); (H.K.)
| | - Benjamin Kilian
- Global Crop Diversity Trust, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, D-53113 Bonn, Germany; (S.S.); (P.W.)
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Gramazio P, Prohens J, Toppino L, Plazas M. Editorial: Introgression Breeding in Cultivated Plants. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:764533. [PMID: 34650586 PMCID: PMC8505732 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.764533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gramazio
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Prohens
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Toppino
- CREA, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Montanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Mariola Plazas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Mahadevaiah C, Appunu C, Aitken K, Suresha GS, Vignesh P, Mahadeva Swamy HK, Valarmathi R, Hemaprabha G, Alagarasan G, Ram B. Genomic Selection in Sugarcane: Current Status and Future Prospects. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:708233. [PMID: 34646284 PMCID: PMC8502939 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.708233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is a C4 and agro-industry-based crop with a high potential for biomass production. It serves as raw material for the production of sugar, ethanol, and electricity. Modern sugarcane varieties are derived from the interspecific and intergeneric hybridization between Saccharum officinarum, Saccharum spontaneum, and other wild relatives. Sugarcane breeding programmes are broadly categorized into germplasm collection and characterization, pre-breeding and genetic base-broadening, and varietal development programmes. The varietal identification through the classic breeding programme requires a minimum of 12-14 years. The precise phenotyping in sugarcane is extremely tedious due to the high propensity of lodging and suckering owing to the influence of environmental factors and crop management practices. This kind of phenotyping requires data from both plant crop and ratoon experiments conducted over locations and seasons. In this review, we explored the feasibility of genomic selection schemes for various breeding programmes in sugarcane. The genetic diversity analysis using genome-wide markers helps in the formation of core set germplasm representing the total genomic diversity present in the Saccharum gene bank. The genome-wide association studies and genomic prediction in the Saccharum gene bank are helpful to identify the complete genomic resources for cane yield, commercial cane sugar, tolerances to biotic and abiotic stresses, and other agronomic traits. The implementation of genomic selection in pre-breeding, genetic base-broadening programmes assist in precise introgression of specific genes and recurrent selection schemes enhance the higher frequency of favorable alleles in the population with a considerable reduction in breeding cycles and population size. The integration of environmental covariates and genomic prediction in multi-environment trials assists in the prediction of varietal performance for different agro-climatic zones. This review also directed its focus on enhancing the genetic gain over time, cost, and resource allocation at various stages of breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chinnaswamy Appunu
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | - Karen Aitken
- CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization), St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Palanisamy Vignesh
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | | | | | - Govind Hemaprabha
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ganesh Alagarasan
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
| | - Bakshi Ram
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, India
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Muchira N, Ngugi K, Wamalwa LN, Avosa M, Chepkorir W, Manyasa E, Nyamongo D, Odeny DA. Genotypic Variation in Cultivated and Wild Sorghum Genotypes in Response to Striga hermonthica Infestation. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:671984. [PMID: 34305972 PMCID: PMC8296141 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Striga hermonthica is the most important parasitic weed in sub-Saharan Africa and remains one of the most devastating biotic factors affecting sorghum production in the western regions of Kenya. Farmers have traditionally managed Striga using cultural methods, but the most effective and practical solution to poor smallholder farmers is to develop Striga-resistant varieties. This study was undertaken with the aim of identifying new sources of resistance to Striga in comparison with the conventional sources as standard checks. We evaluated 64 sorghum genotypes consisting of wild relatives, landraces, improved varieties, and fourth filial generation (F4) progenies in both a field trial and a pot trial. Data were collected for days to 50% flowering (DTF), dry panicle weight (DPW, g), plant height (PH, cm), yield (YLD, t ha-1), 100-grain weight (HGW, g), overall disease score (ODS), overall pest score (OPS), area under Striga number progress curve (ASNPC), maximum above-ground Striga (NSmax), and number of Striga-forming capsules (NSFC) at relevant stages. Genetic diversity and hybridity confirmation was determined using Diversity Arrays Technology sequencing (DArT-seq). Residual heterosis for HGW and NSmax was calculated as the percent increase or decrease in performance of F4 crossover midparent (MP). The top 10 best yielding genotypes were predominantly F4 crosses in both experiments, all of which yielded better than resistant checks, except FRAMIDA in the field trial and HAKIKA in the pot trial. Five F4 progenies (ICSVIII IN × E36-1, LANDIWHITE × B35, B35 × E36-1, F6YQ212 × B35, and ICSVIII IN × LODOKA) recorded some of the highest HGW in both trials revealing their stability in good performance. Three genotypes (F6YQ212, GBK045827, and F6YQ212xB35) and one check (SRN39) were among the most resistant to Striga in both trials. SNPs generated from DArT-seq grouped the genotypes into three major clusters, with all resistant checks grouping in the same cluster except N13. We identified more resistant and high-yielding genotypes than the conventional checks, especially among the F4 crosses, which should be promoted for adoption by farmers. Future studies will need to look for more diverse sources of Striga resistance and pyramid different mechanisms of resistance into farmer-preferred varieties to enhance the durability of Striga resistance in the fields of farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Muchira
- Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kahiu Ngugi
- Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lydia N. Wamalwa
- Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Millicent Avosa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wiliter Chepkorir
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric Manyasa
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Desterio Nyamongo
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Genetic Resources Research Institute, Kikuyu, Kenya
| | - Damaris A. Odeny
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
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14
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Martini JWR, Molnar TL, Crossa J, Hearne SJ, Pixley KV. Opportunities and Challenges of Predictive Approaches for Harnessing the Potential of Genetic Resources. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:674036. [PMID: 34276731 PMCID: PMC8281018 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.674036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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15
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Egan LM, Hofmann RW, Ghamkhar K, Hoyos-Villegas V. Prospects for Trifolium Improvement Through Germplasm Characterisation and Pre-breeding in New Zealand and Beyond. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:653191. [PMID: 34220882 PMCID: PMC8242581 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.653191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trifolium is the most used pastoral legume genus in temperate grassland systems, and a common feature in meadows and open space areas in cities and parks. Breeding of Trifolium spp. for pastoral production has been going on for over a century. However, the breeding targets have changed over the decades in response to different environmental and production pressures. Relatively small gains have been made in Trifolium breeding progress. Trifolium breeding programmes aim to maintain a broad genetic base to maximise variation. New Zealand is a global hub in Trifolium breeding, utilising exotic germplasm imported by the Margot Forde Germplasm Centre. This article describes the history of Trifolium breeding in New Zealand as well as the role and past successes of utilising genebanks in forage breeding. The impact of germplasm characterisation and evaluation in breeding programmes is also discussed. The history and challenges of Trifolium breeding and its effect on genetic gain can be used to inform future pre-breeding decisions in this genus, as well as being a model for other forage legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M. Egan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Narrabri, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Rainer W. Hofmann
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Kioumars Ghamkhar
- AgResearch Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Valerio Hoyos-Villegas
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ávila CM, Rodríguez-Suárez C, Atienza SG. Tritordeum: Creating a New Crop Species-The Successful Use of Plant Genetic Resources. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10051029. [PMID: 34065483 PMCID: PMC8161160 DOI: 10.3390/plants10051029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hexaploid tritordeum is the amphiploid derived from the cross between the wild barley Hordeum chilense and durum wheat. This paper reviews the main advances and achievements in the last two decades that led to the successful development of tritordeum as a new crop. In particular, we summarize the progress in breeding for agronomic performance, including the potential of tritordeum as a genetic bridge for wheat breeding; the impact of molecular markers in genetic studies and breeding; and the progress in quality and development of innovative food products. The success of tritordeum as a crop shows the importance of the effective utilization of plant genetic resources for the development of new innovative products for agriculture and industry. Considering that wild plant genetic resources have made possible the development of this new crop, the huge potential of more accessible resources, such as landraces conserved in gene banks, goes beyond being sources of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, the positive result of tritordeum also shows the importance of adequate commercialization strategies and demonstrative experiences aimed to integrate the whole food chain, from producers to end-point sellers, in order to develop new products for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M. Ávila
- Área Genómica y Biotecnología, IFAPA—Centro Alameda del Obispo, Apdo 3092, 14080 Córdoba, Spain;
| | | | - Sergio G. Atienza
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo, s/n, E-14004 Córdoba, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Kuzmanović L, Giovenali G, Ruggeri R, Rossini F, Ceoloni C. Small "Nested" Introgressions from Wild Thinopyrum Species, Conferring Effective Resistance to Fusarium Diseases, Positively Impact Durum Wheat Yield Potential. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:579. [PMID: 33808545 PMCID: PMC8003120 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Today wheat cultivation is facing rapidly changing climate scenarios and yield instability, aggravated by the spreading of severe diseases such as Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR). To obtain productive genotypes resilient to stress pressure, smart breeding approaches must be envisaged, including the exploitation of wild relatives. Here we report on the assessment of the breeding potential of six durum wheat-Thinopyrum spp. recombinant lines (RLs) obtained through chromosome engineering. They are characterized by having 23% or 28% of their 7AL chromosome arm replaced by a "nested" alien segment, composed of homoeologous group 7 chromosome fractions from Th. ponticum and Th. elongatum (=7el1L + 7EL) or from different Th. ponticum accessions (=7el1L + 7el2L). In addition to the 7el1L genes Lr19 + Yp (leaf rust resistance, and yellow pigment content, respectively), these recombinant lines (RLs) possess a highly effective QTL for resistance to FHB and FCR within their 7el2L or 7EL portion. The RLs, their null segregants and well-adapted and productive durum wheat cultivars were evaluated for 16 yield-related traits over two seasons under rainfed and irrigated conditions. The absence of yield penalties and excellent genetic stability of RLs was revealed in the presence of all the alien segment combinations. Both 7el2L and 7EL stacked introgressions had positive impacts on source and sink yield traits, as well as on the overall performance of RLs in conditions of reduced water availability. The four "nested" RLs tested in 2020 were among the top five yielders, overall representing good candidates to be employed in breeding programs to enhance crop security and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Kuzmanović
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (G.G.); (R.R.); (F.R.); (C.C.)
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Dhaliwal SK, Talukdar A, Gautam A, Sharma P, Sharma V, Kaushik P. Developments and Prospects in Imperative Underexploited Vegetable Legumes Breeding: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9615. [PMID: 33348635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetable legumes are an essential source of carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, along with health-promoting bioactive chemicals. The demand for the use of either fresh or processed vegetable legumes is continually expanding on account of the growing consumer awareness about their well-balanced diet. Therefore, sustaining optimum yields of vegetable legumes is extremely important. Here we seek to present d etails of prospects of underexploited vegetable legumes for food availability, accessibility, and improved livelihood utilization. So far research attention was mainly focused on pulse legumes' performance as compared to vegetable legumes. Wild and cultivated vegetable legumes vary morphologically across diverse habitats. This could make them less known, underutilized, and underexploited, and make them a promising potential nutritional source in developing nations where malnutrition still exists. Research efforts are required to promote underexploited vegetable legumes, for improving their use to feed the ever-increasing population in the future. In view of all the above points, here we have discussed underexploited vegetable legumes with tremendous potential; namely, vegetable pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus), and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), thereby covering the progress related to various aspects such as pre-breeding, molecular markers, quantitative trait locus (QTLs), genomics, and genetic engineering. Overall, this review has summarized the information related to advancements in the breeding of vegetable legumes which will ultimately help in ensuring food and nutritional security in developing nations.
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Sharma S, Paul PJ, Sameer Kumar CV, Nimje C. Utilizing Wild Cajanus platycarpus, a Tertiary Genepool Species for Enriching Variability in the Primary Genepool for Pigeonpea Improvement. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:1055. [PMID: 32793254 PMCID: PMC7390956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of crop wild relatives in the breeding program has been well recognized to diversify the genetic base along with introgression of useful traits. Cajanus platycarpus (Benth.) Maesen, an annual wild relative belonging to the tertiary genepool of pigeonpea, possesses many useful traits such as early maturity, high protein content, photoperiod insensitivity, and pod borer tolerance for the genetic improvement of cultivated pigeonpea. Using this cross incompatible wild Cajanus species, an advanced backcross population was developed following the embryo rescue technique. In the present study, a pre-breeding population consisting of 136 introgression lines (ILs) along with five popular varieties (used as checks) was evaluated for important agronomic traits during 2016 and 2017 rainy seasons and for grain nutrient content during 2016, 2017, and 2018 rainy seasons. Large genetic variation was observed for agronomic traits such as days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant, grain yield per plant, and grain nutrients [protein content, grain iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)] in the pre-breeding population. Significant genotype × environment interaction was also observed for agronomic traits as well as grain nutrients indicating the sensitivity of these traits to the environments. No significant correlations were observed between grain yield and grain nutrients except grain Zn content which was negatively correlated with grain yield. Overall, 28 promising high-yielding ILs with high grain nutrient content were identified. These ILs, in particular, ICPP # 171012, 171004, 171102, 171087, 171006, and 171050 flowered significantly earlier than the popular mega variety, ICPL 87119 (Asha) and thus hold potential in developing new short-duration cultivars. The comprehensive multi-site assessment of these high-yielding, nutrient-rich accessions would be useful in identifying region-specific promising lines for direct release as cultivars. Moreover, these ILs are expected to replace the popular existing cultivars or for use as new and diverse sources of variations in hybridization programs for pigeonpea improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Sharma
- Theme Pre-breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pronob J. Paul
- Theme Pre-breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - CV Sameer Kumar
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Professor Jayashanker Telangana State Agricultural University, Palem, India
| | - Chetna Nimje
- Grain Quality Lab., International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
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20
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Pratap A, Das A, Kumar S, Gupta S. Current Perspectives on Introgression Breeding in Food Legumes. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:589189. [PMID: 33552095 PMCID: PMC7858677 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.589189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Food legumes are important for defeating malnutrition and sustaining agri-food systems globally. Breeding efforts in legume crops have been largely confined to the exploitation of genetic variation available within the primary genepool, resulting in narrow genetic base. Introgression as a breeding scheme has been remarkably successful for an array of inheritance and molecular studies in food legumes. Crop wild relatives (CWRs), landraces, and exotic germplasm offer great potential for introgression of novel variation not only to widen the genetic base of the elite genepool for continuous incremental gains over breeding cycles but also to discover the cryptic genetic variation hitherto unexpressed. CWRs also harbor positive quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for improving agronomic traits. However, for transferring polygenic traits, "specialized population concept" has been advocated for transferring QTLs from CWR into elite backgrounds. Recently, introgression breeding has been successful in developing improved cultivars in chickpea (Cicer arietinum), pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), lentil (Lens culinaris), mungbean (Vigna radiata), urdbean (Vigna mungo), and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Successful examples indicated that the usable genetic variation could be exploited by unleashing new gene recombination and hidden variability even in late filial generations. In mungbean alone, distant hybridization has been deployed to develop seven improved commercial cultivars, whereas in urdbean, three such cultivars have been reported. Similarly, in chickpea, three superior cultivars have been developed from crosses between C. arietinum and Cicer reticulatum. Pigeonpea has benefited the most where different cytoplasmic male sterility genes have been transferred from CWRs, whereas a number of disease-resistant germplasm have also been developed in Phaseolus. As vertical gene transfer has resulted in most of the useful gene introgressions of practical importance in food legumes, the horizontal gene transfer through transgenic technology, somatic hybridization, and, more recently, intragenesis also offer promise. The gains through introgression breeding are significant and underline the need of bringing it in the purview of mainstream breeding while deploying tools and techniques to increase the recombination rate in wide crosses and reduce the linkage drag. The resurgence of interest in introgression breeding needs to be capitalized for development of commercial food legume cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Pratap
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Arpita Das
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat Office, Rabat, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Sanjeev Gupta,
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
- Shiv Kumar,
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Sharma S, Paul PJ, Kumar CS, Rao PJ, Prashanti L, Muniswamy S, Sharma M. Evaluation and Identification of Promising Introgression Lines Derived From Wild Cajanus Species for Broadening the Genetic Base of Cultivated Pigeonpea [ Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1269. [PMID: 31695710 PMCID: PMC6817623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.], a multipurpose and nutritious grain legume crop, is cultivated for its protein-rich seeds mainly in South Asia and Eastern and Southern Africa. In spite of large breeding efforts for pigeonpea improvement in India and elsewhere, genetic enhancement is inadequate largely due to its narrow genetic base and crop susceptibility to stresses. Wild Cajanus species are novel source of genetic variations for the genetic upgradation of pigeonpea cultivars. In the present study, 75 introgression lines (ILs), derived from crosses involving cultivated pigeonpea variety ICPL 87119 and wild Cajanus cajanifolius and Cajanus acutifolius from the secondary gene pool, were evaluated for yield and yield-attributing traits in diverse environments across locations and years. Restricted maximum likelihood (REML) analysis revealed large genetic variations for days to 50% flower, days to maturity, plant height, primary branches per plant, pods per plant, pod weight per plant, 100-seed weight, and grain yield per plant. Superior ILs with mid-early to medium maturity duration identified in this study are useful genetic resources for use in pigeonpea breeding. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis unfolded large influence of environment and genotype × environment interaction for variations in yield. A few lines such as ICPL 15023 and ICPL 15072 with yield stability were identified, while a number of lines were completely resistant (0%) to sterility mosaic diseases and/or Fusarium wilt. These lines are novel genetic resources for broadening the genetic base of pigeonpea and bring yield stability and stress tolerance. High-yielding lines ICPL 15010, ICPL 15062, and ICPL 15072 have been included in the initial varietal trials (IVTs) of the All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on pigeonpea for wider evaluation across different agro-ecological zones in India for possible release as variety(ies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Sharma
- Theme Pre-breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pronob J. Paul
- Theme Pre-breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - C.V. Sameer Kumar
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Palem, India
| | - P. Jaganmohan Rao
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Warangal, India
| | - L. Prashanti
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, India
| | - S. Muniswamy
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Mamta Sharma
- Legume Pathology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
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22
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Leal-Bertioli SCM, Godoy IJ, Santos JF, Doyle JJ, Guimarães PM, Abernathy BL, Jackson SA, Moretzsohn MC, Bertioli DJ. Segmental allopolyploidy in action: Increasing diversity through polyploid hybridization and homoeologous recombination. Am J Bot 2018; 105:1053-1066. [PMID: 29985538 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The genetic bottleneck of polyploid formation can be mitigated by multiple origins, gene flow, and recombination among different lineages. In crop plants with limited origins, efforts to increase genetic diversity have limitations. Here we used lineage recombination to increase genetic diversity in peanut, an allotetraploid likely of single origin, by crossing with a novel allopolyploid genotype and selecting improved lines. METHODS Single backcross progeny from cultivated peanut × wild species-derived allotetraploid cross were studied over successive generations. Using genetic assumptions that encompass segmental allotetraploidy, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms and whole-genome sequence data to infer genome structures. KEY RESULTS Selected lines, despite a high proportion of wild alleles, are agronomically adapted, productive, and with improved disease resistances. Wild alleles mostly substituted homologous segments of the peanut genome. Regions of dispersed wild alleles, characteristic of gene conversion, also occurred. However, wild chromosome segments sometimes replaced cultivated peanut's homeologous subgenome; A. ipaënsis B sometimes replaced A. hypogaea A subgenome (~0.6%), and A. duranensis replaced A. hypogaea B subgenome segments (~2%). Furthermore, some subgenome regions historically lost in cultivated peanut were "recovered" by wild chromosome segments (effectively reversing the "polyploid ratchet"). These processes resulted in lines with new genome structure variations. CONCLUSIONS Genetic diversity was introduced by wild allele introgression, and by introducing new genome structure variations. These results highlight the special possibilities of segmental allotetraploidy and of using lineage recombination to increase genetic diversity in peanut, likely mirroring what occurs in natural segmental allopolyploids with multiple origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya C M Leal-Bertioli
- University of Georgia, Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602-6810, USA
| | - Ignácio J Godoy
- Campinas Agronomical Institute, Avenida Barão de Itapura, 1.481, Campinas, SP, 13020-902, Brazil
| | - João F Santos
- Campinas Agronomical Institute, Avenida Barão de Itapura, 1.481, Campinas, SP, 13020-902, Brazil
| | - Jeff J Doyle
- Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Breeding & Genetics Section, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Patrícia M Guimarães
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, W5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Brian L Abernathy
- University of Georgia, Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602-6810, USA
| | - Scott A Jackson
- University of Georgia, Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602-6810, USA
| | - Márcio C Moretzsohn
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB, W5 Norte Final, Brasília, DF, 70770-917, Brazil
| | - David J Bertioli
- University of Georgia, Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602-6810, USA
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Naser M, Badran M, Abouzied H, Ali H, Elbasyoni I. Phenotypic and Physiological Evaluation of Two and Six Rows Barley under Different Environmental Conditions. Plants (Basel) 2018; 7:E39. [PMID: 29734706 DOI: 10.3390/plants7020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, barley has attracted more interest as a food and feed source because of its high soluble dietary fiber and β-glucan content compared with other small grains. Twenty-five barley genotypes (20 imported genotypes and five check cultivars) were grown in three environments for two successive seasons: 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. The first environment was in El-Nubaria, Alexandria, Egypt during 2015/2016, while the second and third environments were in El-Bostan, Elbhera, Egypt during 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with the three replicates. The primary objectives of the current study were to evaluate the performance of 20 imported barley genotypes under several environmental conditions. The imported materials were superior to the local commercial cultivars for several traits, including grain yield. Therefore, the superior genotypes will be further evaluated and used in barley breeding programs. Our future work will focus on creating several crosses among the selected superior genotypes to improve yield and other important traits, while applying marker-assisted selection.
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Cowling WA, Li L, Siddique KHM, Henryon M, Berg P, Banks RG, Kinghorn BP. Evolving gene banks: improving diverse populations of crop and exotic germplasm with optimal contribution selection. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:1927-1939. [PMID: 28499040 PMCID: PMC5853616 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We simulated pre-breeding in evolving gene banks - populations of exotic and crop types undergoing optimal contribution selection for long-term genetic gain and management of population genetic diversity. The founder population was based on crosses between elite crop varieties and exotic lines of field pea (Pisum sativum) from the primary genepool, and was subjected to 30 cycles of recurrent selection for an economic index composed of four traits with low heritability: black spot resistance, flowering time and stem strength (measured on single plants), and grain yield (measured on whole plots). We compared a small population with low selection pressure, a large population with high selection pressure, and a large population with moderate selection pressure. Single seed descent was compared with S0-derived recurrent selection. Optimal contribution selection achieved higher index and lower population coancestry than truncation selection, which reached a plateau in index improvement after 40 years in the large population with high selection pressure. With optimal contribution selection, index doubled in 38 years in the small population with low selection pressure and 27-28 years in the large population with moderate selection pressure. Single seed descent increased the rate of improvement in index per cycle but also increased cycle time.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Cowling
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture M082, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Perth WA, Australia
| | - L Li
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale NSW, Australia
| | - K H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture M082, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Perth WA, Australia
| | - M Henryon
- SEGES, Pig Research Centre, Axeltorv, Copenhagen V, Denmark
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Perth WA, Australia
| | - P Berg
- NordGen, Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Postboks, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - R G Banks
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale NSW, Australia
| | - B P Kinghorn
- School of Environmental & Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW, Australia
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Wasson A, Bischof L, Zwart A, Watt M. A portable fluorescence spectroscopy imaging system for automated root phenotyping in soil cores in the field. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:1033-43. [PMID: 26826219 PMCID: PMC4753854 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Root architecture traits are a target for pre-breeders. Incorporation of root architecture traits into new cultivars requires phenotyping. It is attractive to rapidly and directly phenotype root architecture in the field, avoiding laboratory studies that may not translate to the field. A combination of soil coring with a hydraulic push press and manual core-break counting can directly phenotype root architecture traits of depth and distribution in the field through to grain development, but large teams of people are required and labour costs are high with this method. We developed a portable fluorescence imaging system (BlueBox) to automate root counting in soil cores with image analysis software directly in the field. The lighting system was optimized to produce high-contrast images of roots emerging from soil cores. The correlation of the measurements with the root length density of the soil cores exceeded the correlation achieved by human operator measurements (R (2)=0.68 versus 0.57, respectively). A BlueBox-equipped team processed 4.3 cores/hour/person, compared with 3.7 cores/hour/person for the manual method. The portable, automated in-field root architecture phenotyping system was 16% more labour efficient, 19% more accurate, and 12% cheaper than manual conventional coring, and presents an opportunity to directly phenotype root architecture in the field as part of pre-breeding programs. The platform has wide possibilities to capture more information about root health and other root traits in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Wasson
- CSIRO Agriculture, Black Mountain Laboratories, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Leanne Bischof
- CSIRO Agriculture, Black Mountain Laboratories, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alec Zwart
- CSIRO Data61, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle Watt
- CSIRO Agriculture, Black Mountain Laboratories, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany
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Gioia T, Nagel KA, Beleggia R, Fragasso M, Ficco DBM, Pieruschka R, De Vita P, Fiorani F, Papa R. Impact of domestication on the phenotypic architecture of durum wheat under contrasting nitrogen fertilization. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:5519-30. [PMID: 26071535 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The process of domestication has led to dramatic morphological and physiological changes in crop species due to adaptation to cultivation and to the needs of farmers. To investigate the phenotypic architecture of shoot- and root-related traits and quantify the impact of primary and secondary domestication, we examined a collection of 36 wheat genotypes under optimal and nitrogen-starvation conditions. These represented three taxa that correspond to key steps in the recent evolution of tetraploid wheat (i.e. wild emmer, emmer, and durum wheat). Overall, nitrogen starvation reduced the shoot growth of all genotypes, while it induced the opposite effect on root traits, quantified using the automated phenotyping platform GROWSCREEN-Rhizo. We observed an overall increase in all of the shoot and root growth traits from wild emmer to durum wheat, while emmer was generally very similar to wild emmer but intermediate between these two subspecies. While the differences in phenotypic diversity due to the effects of primary domestication were not significant, the secondary domestication transition from emmer to durum wheat was marked by a large and significant decrease in the coefficient of additive genetic variation. In particular, this reduction was very strong under the optimal condition and less intense under nitrogen starvation. Moreover, although under the optimal condition both root and shoot traits showed significantly reduced diversity due to secondary domestication, under nitrogen starvation the reduced diversity was significant only for shoot traits. Overall, a considerable amount of phenotypic variation was observed in wild emmer and emmer, which could be exploited for the development of pre-breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Gioia
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CRA-CER), S.S. 673 km 25,200, 71122, Foggia, Italy Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences (IBG-2): Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kerstin A Nagel
- Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences (IBG-2): Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Romina Beleggia
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CRA-CER), S.S. 673 km 25,200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Fragasso
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CRA-CER), S.S. 673 km 25,200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Donatella Bianca Maria Ficco
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CRA-CER), S.S. 673 km 25,200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Roland Pieruschka
- Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences (IBG-2): Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CRA-CER), S.S. 673 km 25,200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiorani
- Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences (IBG-2): Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Roberto Papa
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura (CRA-CER), S.S. 673 km 25,200, 71122, Foggia, Italy Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences (IBG-2): Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
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Leal-Bertioli SCM, Santos SP, Dantas KM, Inglis PW, Nielen S, Araujo ACG, Silva JP, Cavalcante U, Guimarães PM, Brasileiro ACM, Carrasquilla-Garcia N, Penmetsa RV, Cook D, Moretzsohn MC, Bertioli DJ. Arachis batizocoi: a study of its relationship to cultivated peanut (A. hypogaea) and its potential for introgression of wild genes into the peanut crop using induced allotetraploids. Ann Bot 2015; 115:237-49. [PMID: 25538110 PMCID: PMC4551086 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Arachis batizocoi is a wild relative of cultivated peanut (A. hypogaea), an allotetraploid with an AABB genome. Arachis batizocoi was once considered the ancestral donor of the peanut B genome, but cytogenetics and DNA phylogenies have indicated a new genome classification, 'K'. These observations seem inconsistent with genetic studies and breeding that have shown that A. batizocoi can behave as a B genome. METHODS The genetic behaviour, genome composition and phylogenetic position of A. batizocoi were studied using controlled hybridizations, induced tetraploidy, whole-genome in situ fluorescent hybridization (GISH) and molecular phylogenetics. KEY RESULTS Sterile diploid hybrids containing AK genomes were obtained using A. batizocoi and the A genome species A. duranensis, A. stenosperma, A. correntina or A. villosa. From these, three types of AAKK allotetraploids were obtained, each in multiple independent polyploidy events. Induced allotetraploids were vigorous and fertile, and were hybridized to A. hypogaea to produce F1 hybrids. Even with the same parental combination, fertility of these F1 hybrids varied greatly, suggesting the influence of stochastic genetic or epigenetic events. Interestingly, hybrids with A. hypogaea ssp. hypogaea were significantly more fertile than those with the subspecies fastigiata. GISH in cultivated × induced allotetraploids hybrids (harbouring AABK genomes) and a molecular phylogeny using 16 intron sequences showed that the K genome is distinct, but more closely related to the B than to the A genome. CONCLUSIONS The K genome of A. batizocoi is more related to B than to the A genome, but is distinct. As such, when incorporated in an induced allotetraploid (AAKK) it can behave as a B genome in crosses with peanut. However, the fertility of hybrids and their progeny depends upon the compatibility of the A genome interactions. The genetic distinctness of A. batizocoi makes it an important source of allelic diversity in itself, especially in crosses involving A. hypogaea ssp. hypogaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya C M Leal-Bertioli
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Silvio P Santos
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karinne M Dantas
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter W Inglis
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Stephan Nielen
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ana C G Araujo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Joseane P Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Uiara Cavalcante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Patricia M Guimarães
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ana Cristina M Brasileiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Noelia Carrasquilla-Garcia
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - R Varma Penmetsa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Douglas Cook
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Márcio C Moretzsohn
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David J Bertioli
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, PqEB W5 Norte Final, CP 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil, University of Brasilia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil, Catholic University of Brasilia, Biotechnology and Genomic Sciences, SGAN 916 Avenida W5, CEP 70.790-160, Brasilia, DF, Brazil, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna A-1400, Austria and Department of Plant Pathology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Sharma S, Upadhyaya HD, Varshney RK, Gowda CLL. Pre-breeding for diversification of primary gene pool and genetic enhancement of grain legumes. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:309. [PMID: 23970889 PMCID: PMC3747629 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The narrow genetic base of cultivars coupled with low utilization of genetic resources are the major factors limiting grain legume production and productivity globally. Exploitation of new and diverse sources of variation is needed for the genetic enhancement of grain legumes. Wild relatives with enhanced levels of resistance/tolerance to multiple stresses provide important sources of genetic diversity for crop improvement. However, their exploitation for cultivar improvement is limited by cross-incompatibility barriers and linkage drags. Pre-breeding provides a unique opportunity, through the introgression of desirable genes from wild germplasm into genetic backgrounds readily used by the breeders with minimum linkage drag, to overcome this. Pre-breeding activities using promising landraces, wild relatives, and popular cultivars have been initiated at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) to develop new gene pools in chickpea, pigeonpea, and groundnut with a high frequency of useful genes, wider adaptability, and a broad genetic base. The availability of molecular markers will greatly assist in reducing linkage drags and increasing the efficiency of introgression in pre-breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid TropicsHyderabad, India
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