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Lee E, Jang YJ, Kim IS, Tae HJ, Sim J, Ahn D. Morphology of the aortic arch branching pattern in raccoon dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides, Gray, 1834). J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e32. [PMID: 38568833 PMCID: PMC10990908 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic arch (AA) branching patterns vary among different mammalian species. Most previous studies have focused on dogs, whereas those on raccoon dogs remain unexplored. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to describe the AA branching pattern in raccoon dogs and compare their morphological features with those of other carnivores. METHODS We prepared silicone cast specimens from a total of 36 raccoon dog carcasses via retrograde injection through the abdominal aorta. The brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) branching patterns were classified based on the relationship between the left and right common carotid arteries. The subclavian artery (SB) branching pattern was examined based on the order of the four major branches: the vertebral artery (VT), costocervical trunk (CCT), superficial cervical artery (SC), and internal thoracic artery (IT). RESULTS In most cases (88.6%), the BCT branched off from the left common carotid artery and terminated in the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries. In the remaining cases (11.4%), the BCT formed a bicarotid trunk. The SB exhibited various branching patterns, with 26 observed types. Based on the branching order of the four major branches, we identified the main branching pattern, in which the VT branched first (98.6%), the CCT branched second (81.9%), the SC branched third (62.5%), and the IT branched fourth (52.8%). CONCLUSIONS The AA branching pattern in raccoon dogs exhibited various branching patterns with both similarities and differences compared to other carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euiyong Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - In-Shik Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Jeoungha Sim
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea.
| | - Dongchoon Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
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Yuan C, Ren L, Sun R, Yun X, Zang X, Zhang A, Wu M. Mannan oligosaccharides improve the fur quality of raccoon dogs by regulating the gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1324277. [PMID: 38169639 PMCID: PMC10758401 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1324277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adding antibiotics to animal basal diets can improve growth and production performance. However, the use of antibiotics poses a potential threat to public health safety. Methods The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on the fur quality, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum immunity, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota of fur-growing raccoon dogs. Divide 24 male raccoon dogs (120 ± 5 d) of similar weight (5.01 ± 0.52 kg) into 4 groups randomly. Add 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% MOS to the basal diets of groups C, L, M, and H, respectively. Results Compared to the C group, the addition of 0.05% and 0.1% MOS in the diet increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), Underfur length (UL), Guard hair length (GL), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in the serum (p < 0.05); Under the dosage of 0.05 % MOS, the activities of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased (p < 0.05). Compared to the C group, adding 0.05% MOS significantly increased the VH/CD of the duodenum and ileum, while also increasing the VH and CD of the jejunum (p < 0.05). Through Spearman correlation analysis of the gut microbiota, it was found that MOS can improve fur quality by reducing the abundance of Dorea while improving the immune response of raccoon dogs by reducing the abundance of Blautia and Gemmiger. Discussion In conclusion, MOS can improve the fur quality, serum immunity, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota of raccoon dogs. Therefore, MOS has the potential to replace antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongshan Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianghong Yun
- Animal Husbandry Research Institute, Changchun Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Zang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Aiwu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Zhao D, Zhang H, Liu K, Wu Y, Zhang B, Ma C, Liu H. Effect of Cyberlindnera jadinii supplementation on growth performance, serum immunity, antioxidant status, and intestinal health in winter fur-growing raccoon dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides). Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1154808. [PMID: 37252386 PMCID: PMC10213726 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1154808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the effects of Cyberlindnera jadinii supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, serum biochemistry, immunity, antioxidant status, and intestinal microbiota of raccoon dogs during the winter fur-growing period. Methods Forty-five 135 (±5) day-old male raccoon dogs were randomly assigned to three dietary groups supplemented with 0 (group N), 1 × 109 (group L) and 5 × 109 CFU/g (group H) Cyberlindnera jadinii, with 15 raccoon dogs per group. Results The results showed that Cyberlindnera jadinii in groups L and H improved average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed-to-weight ratio (F/G) (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism among the three groups (P > 0.05). Compared with group N, serum glucose levels were lower in groups L and H (P < 0.05). The levels of serum immunoglobulins A and G in group L were higher than those in the other two groups (P < 0.05), and the levels of serum immunoglobulins A and M in group H were higher than those in group N (P < 0.05). Supplementation with Cyberlindnera jadinii in groups L and H increased serum superoxide dismutase activity, and the total antioxidant capacity in group H increased compared with group N (P < 0.05). The phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were dominant in raccoon dogs. The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that the composition of microbiota in the three groups changed significantly (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Campylobacterota was increased in the H group compared to the N and L groups (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Sarcina was increased in group L compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Subdoligranulum and Blautia were decreased in group H compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05). Also, the relative abundance of Prevotella, Sutterella and Catenibacterium was higher in group L (P < 0.05) compared with group H. Discussion In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Cyberlindnera jadinii improved growth performance, antioxidant activity, immune status, and improved intestinal microbiota in winter fur-growing raccoon dogs. Among the concentrations tested, 1 × 109 CFU/g was the most effective level of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Keyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Borui Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cuiliu Ma
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hanlu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
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Yamashita R, Yoshida T, Kobayashi M, Uomoto S, Shimizu S, Takesue K, Maeda N, Hara E, Ohshima K, Zeng W, Takahashi Y, Ikeuchi A, Okamoto E, Sugiyama T, Nagakubo H, Ichikawa-Seki M, Shibutani M. Leptospiral meningoencephalitis in a raccoon dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:1137-1141. [PMID: 34672844 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211033583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroleptospirosis is a rare disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira interrogans in humans; however, it has not been fully studied in animals. A young wild raccoon dog was found convulsing in the recumbent position and died the next day. Histologic examination revealed nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis in the cerebrum, cerebellum, midbrain, and medulla oblongata. The lesions consisted of mixed infiltrates of Iba1-positive macrophages and CD3-positive T cells, with a small number of CD79α-positive B cells and myeloperoxidase-positive neutrophils. In the frontal cortex, perivascular cuffs and adjacent microglial nodules were distributed diffusely, especially in the molecular layer. Glial nodules were comprised of Iba1- and myeloperoxidase-positive activated microglia. Immunohistochemistry revealed leptospires in mononuclear cell perivascular cuffs, but not in glial nodules. Neuroleptospirosis was accompanied by Leptospira-related nonsuppurative interstitial nephritis, pulmonary edema and hemorrhage, and coronary periarteritis, as well as Toxocara tanuki in the small intestine and nonspecific foreign-body granulomas in the lungs and stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Yamashita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mio Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suzuka Uomoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takesue
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuno Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Hara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanami Ohshima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen Zeng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aoi Ikeuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Emi Okamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takutoshi Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagakubo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang S, He Y, Chen X, Kalim U, Wang Y, Yang S, Qi H, Cheng H, Lu X, Wang X, Shen Q, Zhang W. Viral Metagenomics Reveals Diverse Viruses in the Feces Samples of Raccoon Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:693564. [PMID: 34322538 PMCID: PMC8311183 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.693564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Raccoon dogs as an ancient species of Canidae are the host of many viruses, including rabies virus, canine distemper virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and so on. With the development of raccoon dog breeding in recent years, some viruses which infected poultry or pigs were also detected from raccoon dogs. At present, the fecal virome of raccoon dogs has been rarely studied. Using an unbiased viral metagenomic approach, we investigated the fecal virome in raccoon dogs collected from one farm of Jilin Province, China. Many DNA or RNA viruses identified in those fecal samples were mainly from seven families, including Circoviridae, Smacoviridae, Genomoviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Astroviridae, and Hepeviridae. This study increased our understanding of the fecal virome in raccoon dog and provided valuable information for the monitoring, prevention, and treatment of viral diseases of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yumin He
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ullah Kalim
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuyu Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haifeng Qi
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Xiang Lu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Quan Shen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Lee EG, Park SY, Lee K, Jang M, Kim JT, Choi S, Park I. Radiographic evaluation of congenital vertebral anomalies in Korean raccoon dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis). J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e52. [PMID: 34170093 PMCID: PMC8318798 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The normal vertebral anatomy of Korean raccoon dogs and their variants require research attention as a prerequisite for identifying pathologies and anomalies. Objectives This retrospective study aimed at describing the vertebral formula and congenital vertebral anomalies in Korean raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis). Methods Radiographs of 82 raccoon dogs (42 males, 40 females) acquired from May 2013 to June 2020 in the Gangwon Wildlife Medical Rescue Center were reviewed to evaluate the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae of the spine. Results Normal morphology of all vertebrae was observed in 50 of the 82 raccoon dogs, and the vertebral formula was cervical 7, thoracic 13, and lumbar 7. Congenital vertebral anomalies were found in 32 raccoon dogs: transitional vertebrae (TV) in 31 and block vertebrae in 2. Two raccoon dogs had 2 types of vertebral anomalies: one had TV and block vertebra, and the other had 2 types of TV. Twenty-nine raccoon dogs had thoracolumbar TV (TTV) and 3 had lumbosacral TV. TTV was morphologically classified into 4 different types: unilateral extra-rib in 5 raccoon dogs, bilateral extra-ribs in 14, bilateral elongated transverse processes in 4, and an asymmetric mixed formation of extra-rib with elongated transverse process in 6. Conclusions This study showed that TTV is common in Korean raccoon dogs, and that the vertebral formula is relatively diverse. The bilateral extra-ribs type TTV is the most common variant, which is almost similar to normal rib to be confused the radiographic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Gee Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sool Yi Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Kija Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Min Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jong Taek Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sooyoung Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Inchul Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
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Freuling CM, Breithaupt A, Müller T, Sehl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Rissmann M, Klein A, Wylezich C, Höper D, Wernike K, Aebischer A, Hoffmann D, Friedrichs V, Dorhoi A, Groschup MH, Beer M, Mettenleiter TC. Susceptibility of Raccoon Dogs for Experimental SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:2982-2985. [PMID: 33089771 PMCID: PMC7706974 DOI: 10.3201/eid2612.203733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Raccoon dogs might have been intermediate hosts for severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus in 2002-2004. We demonstrated susceptibility of raccoon dogs to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and transmission to in-contact animals. Infected animals had no signs of illness. Virus replication and tissue lesions occurred in the nasal conchae.
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Liu H, Li L, Yuan X, Si X, Zhang M, Duan M, Shi N. Rabies viruses in specific wild fur animals in northern China, 2017-2019. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2307-2312. [PMID: 32434283 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, rabies virus (RABV) has been detected in numerous specific wild fur animals in northern China. Therefore, we performed an epidemiologic investigation of RABV in the main fur animal farming provinces during 2017-2019. The results showed that brain tissue samples from eight animals that presented with central nervous symptoms were positive for rabies virus according to direct fluorescent antibody assays and RT-PCR. The phylogenetic relationships and distributions of the viruses were determined, and the results indicated that they belonged to Cosmopolitan and Arctic-related lineages. Serological investigations revealed a RABV positivity rate of 2.78% (34/1,222) in fur animals. A total of 79 unimmunized breeders were negative for serum antibodies, and 9.62% of 52 immunized breeders (5/52) were not seroconverted. The results emphasize that specific wild fur animals are potential sources of RABV and that the current vaccination programme for animals and breeders is deficient, indicating the need for mandatory rabies vaccination to eliminate rabies transmission from dogs to farmed fur animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Lixia Li
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xingkui Si
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Maolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Duan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Zheng WB, Cong W, Hou J, Ma JG, Zhang XX, Zhu XQ, Meng QF, Zhou DH. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Farmed Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 17:209-212. [PMID: 27893338 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite, can infect homoiothermal vertebrate animals, including raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides). Regretfully, data on T. gondii infection in raccoon dogs were limited in China. Therefore, to investigate the seroprevalence and to evaluate risk factors for T. gondii infection in raccoon dogs, a total of 1181 raccoon dog blood samples were collected from Jilin and Shandong provinces, China, from September to December 2014. The antibodies of T. gondii were examined using the modified agglutination test. Overall, the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was 8.64% in the examined raccoon dogs. The prevalences of T. gondii infection were different among cities (ranging from 2.96% in Yantai to 17.62% in Qingdao), genders (female: 7.58%; male: 9.22%), and ages (young: 8.53%; subadult: 7.71%; adult: 7.73%). Region was considered as an important risk factor for T. gondii infection in this study. This is the first report of T. gondii infection in raccoon dogs in China, providing baseline information for prevention and control of T. gondii infection in raccoon dogs in Jilin and Shandong provinces, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Zheng
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, People's Republic of China .,2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cong
- 3 College of Marine Science, Shandong University at Weihai , Weihai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Hou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Gang Ma
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, People's Republic of China .,2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, People's Republic of China .,2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, People's Republic of China .,2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China .,4 Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine , Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Feng Meng
- 2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun, People's Republic of China .,5 Jilin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau , Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Hui Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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