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Vlastara M, Rossin R, Hoeben FJ, de Roode KE, Boswinkel M, Kleijn LH, Nagarajah J, Rijpkema M, Robillard MS. Click-to-Release: Cleavable Radioimmunoimaging with [ 89Zr]Zr-DFO- Trans-Cyclooctene-Trastuzumab Increases Tumor-to-Blood Ratio. Theranostics 2023; 13:4004-4015. [PMID: 37554267 PMCID: PMC10405837 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges of PET imaging with 89Zr-labeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) remains the long blood circulation of the radiolabeled mAbs, leading to high background signals, decreasing image quality. To overcome this limitation, here we report the use of a bioorthogonal linker cleavage approach (click-to-release chemistry) to selectively liberate [89Zr]Zr-DFO from trans-cyclooctene-functionalized trastuzumab (TCO-Tmab) in blood, following the administration of a tetrazine compound (trigger) in BT-474 tumor-bearing mice. Methods: We created a series of TCO-DFO constructs and evaluated their performance in [89Zr]Zr-DFO release from Tmab in vitro using different trigger compounds. The in vivo behavior of the best performing [89Zr]Zr-TCO-Tmab was studied in healthy mice first to determine the optimal dose of the trigger. To find the optimal time for the trigger administration, the rate of [89Zr]Zr-TCO-Tmab internalization was studied in BT-474 cancer cells. Finally, the trigger was administered 6 h or 24 h after [89Zr]Zr-TCO-Tmab- administration in tumor-bearing mice to liberate the [89Zr]Zr-DFO fragment. PET scans were obtained of tumor-bearing mice that received the trigger 6 h post-[89Zr]Zr-TCO-Tmab administration. Results: The [89Zr]Zr-TCO-Tmab and trigger pair with the best in vivo properties exhibited 83% release in 50% mouse plasma. In tumor-bearing mice the tumor-blood ratios were markedly increased from 1.0 ± 0.4 to 2.3 ± 0.6 (p = 0.0057) and from 2.5 ± 0.7 to 6.6 ± 0.9 (p < 0.0001) when the trigger was administered at 6 h and 24 h post-mAb, respectively. Same day PET imaging clearly showed uptake in the tumor combined with a strongly reduced background due to the fast clearance of the released [89Zr]Zr-DFO-containing fragment from the circulation through the kidneys. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration of the use of trans-cyclooctene-tetrazine click-to-release chemistry to release a radioactive chelator from a mAb in mice to increase tumor-to-blood ratios. Our results suggest that click-cleavable radioimmunoimaging may allow for substantially shorter intervals in PET imaging with full mAbs, reducing radiation doses and potentially even enabling same day imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vlastara
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Raffaella Rossin
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kim E. de Roode
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Milou Boswinkel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - James Nagarajah
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Rijpkema
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc S. Robillard
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Jallinoja VIJ, Houghton JL. Current Landscape in Clinical Pretargeted Radioimmunoimaging and Therapy. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1200-1206. [PMID: 34016727 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.260687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The principle of pretargeted radioimmunoimaging and therapy has been investigated over the past 30 y in preclinical and clinical settings with the aim of reducing the radiation burden of healthy tissue for antibody-based nuclear medicine techniques. In the past few decades, 4 pretargeting methodologies have been proposed, and 2 of them-the bispecific antibody-hapten and the streptavidin-biotin platforms-have been evaluated in humans in phase 1 and 2 studies. With this review article, we aim to survey clinical pretargeting studies in order to understand the challenges that these platforms have faced in human studies and to provide an overview of how the clinical approval of the pretargeting system has proceeded in the past several decades. Additionally, we will discuss the successes of the pretargeting human studies and compare and highlight the pretargeting approaches and conditions that will advance clinical translation of the pretargeting platform in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilma I J Jallinoja
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; and.,Chemical and Physical Biology Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jacob L Houghton
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; and
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3
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Hong Z, Deng S, Shi Y, Xie Y, You J, Wang W, Huang H, Liu Z. Pretargeted radioimmunoimaging with a biotinylated D-D 3 construct and 99mTc-DTPA-biotin: strategies for early diagnosis of small cell lung cancer. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520937162. [PMID: 32692291 PMCID: PMC7375734 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520937162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Pro-gastrin releasing peptide (ProGRP) plays an oncogenic role in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The anti-ProGRP(31-98) monoclonal antibody D-D3 can selectively accumulate in SCLC xenografts in nude mice. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a new pretargeting procedure for the early diagnosis of SCLC. Methods D-D3 was radiolabeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) using a three-step pretargeting method. Mice with SCLC xenografts were treated with different labeling regimens, and the biodistribution and radioimmunoimaging were explored. The percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g) in various organs, tumor/non-tumor (T/NT) ratio, and tumor/background (T/B) ratio were also calculated. Results In vivo distribution experiments revealed that 99mTc-DTPA-biotin was metabolized in the liver and kidney, with rapid elimination in the blood. The T/B ratio was highest in mice treated with biotinylated antibody D-D3 + avidin + 99mTc-DTPA-biotin. Single-photon emission computerized tomography imaging further confirmed that the T/B ratio was highest in this group at all time points. Conclusions In contrast to directly labeled D-D3, pretargeting technology displayed specific enhancement and signal amplification in tumors, which could increase the target tumor uptake of 99mTc and provide a new approach for the early diagnosis of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R China
| | - Shengming Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R China
| | - Yizhen Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R China
| | - Yichi Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R China
| | - Jiaxi You
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R China
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R China
| | - Zengli Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, P. R China
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4
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Wang X, Wang F, Han J, Yang Z, Zhu H, Yang G. Construction and Preclinical Evaluation of a 124/131I-Labeled Radiotracer for the Detection of Mesothelin-Overexpressing Cancer. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1875-1883. [PMID: 32356995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelin is a molecular biomarker of many types of solid cancers, which may represent a highly promising new target in the development of cancer-targeted diagnostic agents. A human anti-mesothelin antibody with a low molecular weight, ET210sc, was applied; this antibody has potent affinity and can penetrate tissue quickly and stably without causing immunoreactions. We developed a new 124/131I-labeled radiotracer of ET210sc. The 124/131I-labeled ET210sc radiotracer showed excellent radiochemical quality (with over 99% radiolabeling yield, 0.07 GBq/μmol specific activity) and remarkable stability in phosphate-buffered saline (>95% at 3 days). The radiotracer retained its potent affinity (dissociation constant, Kd = 0.101 nM). The radiotracer specifically bound to mesothelin-positive cells in vitro. Interestingly, the radiotracer exhibited significant positive-to-negative tumor uptake ratios (1.5:1) 3 days postinjection. The estimated absorbed doses of each organ (e.g., 0.704 mGy/MBq for the rectum; 0.341 mGy/MBq for the spleen) met the medical safety standards for further clinical applications. Our findings provide an initial proof of concept for the potential use of 124/131I-labeled ET210sc radiotracers to detect mesothelin-overexpressing cancer. 124I-ET210sc is proposed to be an ideal imaging agent for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jintao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Gen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Liu W, Zhang C, Cao H, Shi D, Zhao S, Liang T, Hou G. Radioimmunoimaging of 125I-labeled anti-CD93 monoclonal antibodies in a xenograft model of non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6413-6422. [PMID: 31819775 PMCID: PMC6896371 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is the most common malignant tumor associated with poor prognosis. Angiogenesis plays a vital role in NSCLC, and could be used in tumor staging and therapy evaluation. CD93 (C1q receptor) is reportedly a key regulator of tumor angiogenesis. In the present study, the efficacy and specificity of a 125I-labeled CD93-specific monoclonal antibody (125I-anti-CD93 mAb) in detecting NSCLC xenografts were analyzed, and the association between CD93 expression and 125I-anti-CD93 mAb uptake by tumors was evaluated. The targeting ability of 125I-anti-CD93 mAb enabled its rapid, continuous and highly specific accumulation in CD93-expressing tumors in vivo. These results revealed the potential applicability of 125I-anti-CD93 mAb for non-invasive imaging diagnosis of CD93-positive NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hui Cao
- Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Dai Shi
- Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ting Liang
- Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Hou
- Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is now established as a central therapeutic pillar in hematologic oncology. Cell-based therapies, with or without genetic modification ex vivo, have reached the clinic as the standard of care in limited indications and remain the subject of intense preclinical and translational development. Expanding on this, related therapeutic approaches are in development for solid-tumor and nonmalignant indications, broadening the scope of this technology. It has long been recognized that in vivo tracking of infused cellular therapies would provide unique opportunities to optimize their efficacy and aid in the assessment and management of toxicity. Recently, we have witnessed the introduction of novel tracers for passive labeling of cell products and advances in the introduction and use of reporter genes to enable longitudinal imaging. This review highlights the key developments over the last 5 y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Martinez
- ImmunoEngineering Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Sosabowski
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Maher
- CAR Mechanics Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, Eastbourne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sophie Papa
- ImmunoEngineering Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Xu M, Han Y, Liu G, Xu Y, Duan D, Liu H, Du F, Luo P, Liu Z. Preclinical Study of a Fully Human Anti-PD-L1 Antibody as a Theranostic Agent for Cancer Immunotherapy. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4426-4433. [PMID: 30133286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway utilizing anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies has achieved great clinical success in cancer treatment. However, anti-PD-1 immunotherapy cannot be applied to all cancer patients, no more than 25% showed a positive response. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the gold standard to determine the PD-L1 expression level in malignant lesions, but a noninvasive imaging-meditated strategy is urgently required for clinical diagnosis to cover the shortcomings of invasive techniques. MX001, which is an anti-PD-L1 antibody, was labeled with Cu-64 ( t1/2 = 12.7 h) and purified by PD-10 chromatography. Comprehensive studies including positron emission tomography (PET), ex vivo biodistribution, IHC, and immunotherapy have been performed in mice bearing MC38 (PD-L1 positive (+)) and 4T1 (PD-L1 negative (-)) xenografts. PET imaging of [18F]FDG was taken before and after therapy to monitor the therapeutic efficacy. [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-MX001 exhibited 2.3 ± 1.2, 5.6 ± 2.1, 5.6 ± 1.2, 6.1 ± 1.1, 6.1 ± 0.5, and 10.2 ± 1.7%ID/g uptake in MC38 xenografts at 0.5, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 62 h post-injection (p.i.), respectively. Meanwhile, the uptake in the liver and muscle at corresponding time points was 17.5 ± 2.2, 8.4 ± 2.4, 11.3 ± 3.2, 7.2 ± 2.1, 7.9.1 ± 3.5, and 3.8 ± 1.8%ID/g, and 1.2 ± 0.5, 1.3 ± 0.4, 1.5 ± 0.5, 0.7 ± 0.1, 0.6 ± 0.2, and 0.2 ± 0.1%ID/g, respectively. The uptake of [18F]FDG in MC38 and 4T1 xenografts at 1-h p.i. was 5.3 ± 0.4 and 6.4 ± 0.6%ID/g, while the uptake of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-MX001 was 5.6 ± 0.3 and 1.3 ± 0.4%ID/g at 12-h p.i. IHC analysis confirmed that the MC38 tumor exhibited high PD-L1 expression, and the 4T1 tumor, liver, and muscle exhibited low PD-L1 expression. In addition, MC38 xenografts were suppressed by MX001 about 88% in the immunotherapy study. MX001 was successfully developed as a fully human anti-PD-L1 antibody with a high binding affinity in mouse, monkey, and human. The in vivo pharmacokinetics of MX001 was evaluated with PET imaging after being radiolabeled with Cu-64. The uptake of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-MX001 was clearly correlated to the PD-L1 expression on various types of cancer. Subsequent immunotherapy studies demonstrated that MX001 could effectively suppress tumor growth with positive PD-L1 expression, but had poor antitumor efficacy on tumors which exhibited low PD-L1 expression. Together with the above results, MX001 has the potential to be further developed as an antibody theranostic agent for both PET imaging and immunotherapy of cancers in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Xu
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yuxiang Han
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Guizhong Liu
- Adagene (Suzhou) Limited , Suzhou 215000 , China
| | - Yang Xu
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Dongban Duan
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Hui Liu
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Felix Du
- Adagene (Suzhou) Limited , Suzhou 215000 , China
| | - Peter Luo
- Adagene (Suzhou) Limited , Suzhou 215000 , China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China.,Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences , Beijing 100871 , China
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8
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Abstract
The recent clinical success of cancer immunotherapy has renewed interest in the development of tools to image the immune system. In general, immunotherapies attempt to enable the body's own immune cells to seek out and destroy malignant disease. Molecular imaging of the cells and molecules that regulate immunity could provide unique insight into the mechanisms of action, and failure, of immunotherapies. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art immunoimaging toolbox with a focus on imaging strategies and their applications toward immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Mayer
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and
- Department of Radiology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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9
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Pandit-Taskar N, Veach DR, Fox JJ, Scher HI, Morris MJ, Larson SM. Evaluation of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer with Androgen Receptor-Axis Imaging. J Nucl Med 2017; 57:73S-78S. [PMID: 27694177 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.170134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the lethal form of prostate cancer, and more than 26,000 men will die from this disease in 2016. The pathophysiology of CRPC is clearly multifactorial, but most often, androgen receptor (AR) upregulation is associated with its earliest beginnings and the AR increase is part of the multimolecular complex including downstream effector proteins linked to AR (AR-axis) responsible for rapid proliferation and malignant features of the malignant cell. In both animal models and patients, glycolysis (Warburg effect) is also an early manifestation of CRPC transformation. At Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, we have focused our energies on imaging studies of the AR-axis in CRPC, using 18F-FDG, 18F-16β-fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone (18F-FDHT), and a variety of radiolabeled antibodies targeting downstream effectors, such as prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Small-molecular-weight PSMA-targeting agents are not part of this review. In this review, we will focus on molecular imaging of the AR-axis in metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) and discuss our personal experience with these tracers. Our goal is to put these radiopharmaceuticals in the context of mCRPC biology and diagnosis (e.g., 18F-FDHT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Pandit-Taskar
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Darren R Veach
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Josef J Fox
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Howard I Scher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
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10
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Zhao WS, Luo Y, Li BY, Zhou HJ, Zhang T. Anti-ABCG2 scFv antibody of lung adenocarcinoma increases chemosensitivity and induces apoptosis through the activation of mitochondrial pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1026-1039. [PMID: 27293996 PMCID: PMC4889717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCG2 is a multidrug resistance efflux pump expressed in many diverse tumors. The overexpression of ABCG2 is associated with resistance to a wide variety of anticancer agents, providing a noticeable setback to successful cancer therapy. Therapies targeting ABCG2 may therefore be a promising candidate for reversal of chemoresistance. The anti-ABCG2 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody was constructed by phage display peptide library technology. Immunoblotting, ELISA and immunocytochemistry were used to evaluate the soluble expression and immunoreactivity of the scFv. The effects of scFv on cell function and chemosensitization were confirmed by colony formation, cell migration and CCK-8 assays. Flow cytometry was used to analyse the cell cycle and apoptosis. Radioimmunoimaging and nude mouse tumorigenicity assays were taken to determine the biodistribution and antitumor capacity of the scFv antibody. We have successfully screened out the candidate scFv antibody with an apparent molecular weight of 34 kDa. The scFv demonstrated favourable binding ability to lung adenocarcinoma cells and ABCG2 antigen, and the radioactivity was specifically aggregated at the tumor location. Furthermore, the internalized scFv resulted in antibody-mediated downregulation of ABCG2, proliferation inhibition, apoptosis and cisplatin (DDP) sensitivity. The anti-ABCG2 scFv antibody possesses good tumoraffin and antitumor activity and may therefore be an effective therapeutic agent for lung adenocarcinoma that is dependent on ABCG2 for drug resistance and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Si Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Bo-Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Han-Jing Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
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11
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Lang J, Lan X, Liu Y, Jin X, Wu T, Sun X, Wen Q, An R. Targeting cancer stem cells with an 131I-labeled anti-AC133 monoclonal antibody in human colorectal cancer xenografts. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:505-12. [PMID: 25669587 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation within a tumor, which possesses the characteristics of self-renewal, differentiation, tumorigenicity, and drug resistance. The aim of this study was to target the colorectal CSC marker CD133 with an(131)I-labeled specific monoclonal antibody (AC133 mAb) in a nude mouse xenograft model. METHODS Colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (LoVo cell line) were separated into CD133(+) and CD133(-) cells by magnetic activated cell sorting. CD133(+), CD133(-), and unsorted LoVo cells were cultured and then implanted subcutaneously into the lower limbs of nude mice (n = 5). AC133 mAb was labeled with (131)I by the iodogen method. RESULTS The radiolabeled compound, (131)I-AC133 mAb, showed high stability, specificity, and immunoactivity in vitro. Obvious accumulation of (131)I-AC133 mAb was seen in nude mice bearing xenografts of CD133(+) and unsorted LoVo cells, but no uptake was found in mice bearing CD133(-) xenografts or specifically blocked xenografts. Biodistribution analysis showed that the tumor uptake of (131)I-AC133 mAb was 6.97 ± 1.40, 1.35 ± 0.48, 6.12 ± 1.91, and 1.61 ± 0.44% ID/g (n = 4) at day 7 after injection of (131)I-AC133 mAb in CD133(+), CD133(-), unsorted LoVo cell and specifically blocked xenografts, respectively. The results of immunofluorescence, autoradiography, and western blotting further verified the specific binding of (131)I-AC133 mAb to CD133(+) tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the possibility of targeting CSCs with a radiolabeled AC133 mAb in colorectal cancer xenografts based on in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments. Our findings suggest a new method for imaging CSCs non-invasively.
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Wall JS, Kennel SJ, Richey T, Allen A, Stuckey A, Weiss DT, Macy SD, Barbour R, Seubert P, Solomon A, Schenk D. Generation and characterization of anti-AA amyloid-specific monoclonal antibodies. Front Immunol 2011; 2:32. [PMID: 22566822 PMCID: PMC3341974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AA amyloidosis results from the pathologic deposition in the kidneys and other organs of fibrils composed of N-terminal fragments of serum amyloid A protein (SAA). Given that there are only limited means to visualize these deposits, we have developed a series of mAbs, 2A4, 7D8, and 8G9, that bind specifically with nanomolar affinity to a carboxy-terminal epitope generated following proteolysis of SAA that yields the predominant component of AA amyloid deposits. Notably, these antibodies do not recognize native SAA, they retain their immunoreactivity when radiolabeled with I-125 and, after injection into AA amyloidotic mice, localize, as evidenced by autoradiography and micro-single photon emission computed tomography imaging, to histologically confirmed areas of amyloid deposition; namely, spleen, liver, and pancreas. The results of our in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the AA fibril-selectivity of mAbs 2A4, 7D8, and 8G9 and warrant further investigation into their role as novel diagnostic agents for patients with AA amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Wall
- Human Immunology and Cancer Program, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine Knoxville, TN, USA.
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Abstract
Radioimmunoimaging and therapy has been an area of interest for several decades. Steady progress has been made toward clinical translation of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Tremendous advances have been made in imaging technologies such as positron emission tomography (PET). However, these advances have so far eluded routine translation into clinical radioimmunoimaging applications due to the mismatch between the short half-lives of routinely used positron-emitting radionuclides such as (18)F versus the pharmacokinetics of most intact monoclonal antibodies of interest. The lack of suitable positron-emitting radionuclides that match the pharmacokinetics of intact antibodies has generated interest in exploring the use of longer-lived positron emitters that are more suitable for radioimmunoimaging and dosimetry applications with intact monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we examine the opportunities and challenges of radioimmunoimaging with select longer-lived positron-emitting radionuclides such as (124)I, (89)Zr, and (86)Y with respect to radionuclide production, ease of radiolabeling intact antibodies, imaging characteristics, radiation dosimetry, and clinical translation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K. Nayak
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD-20892, USA
| | - Martin W. Brechbiel
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD-20892, USA
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Sundaresan G, Yazaki PJ, Shively JE, Finn RD, Larson SM, Raubitschek AA, Williams LE, Chatziioannou AF, Gambhir SS, Wu AM. 124I-labeled engineered anti-CEA minibodies and diabodies allow high-contrast, antigen-specific small-animal PET imaging of xenografts in athymic mice. J Nucl Med 2003; 44:1962-9. [PMID: 14660722 PMCID: PMC4167879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prolonged clearance kinetics have hampered the development of intact antibodies as imaging agents, despite their ability to effectively deliver radionuclides to tumor targets in vivo. Genetically engineered antibody fragments display rapid, high-level tumor uptake coupled with rapid clearance from the circulation in the athymic mouse/LS174T xenograft model. The anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) T84.66 minibody (single-chain Fv fragment [scFv]-C(H)3 dimer, 80 kDa) and T84.66 diabody (noncovalent dimer of scFv, 55 kDa) exhibit pharmacokinetics favorable for radioimmunoimaging. The present work evaluated the minibody or diabody labeled with (124)I, for imaging tumor-bearing mice using a high-resolution small-animal PET system. METHODS Labeling was conducted with 0.2-0.3 mg of protein and 65-98 MBq (1.7-2.6 mCi) of (124)I using an iodination reagent. Radiolabeling efficiencies ranged from 33% to 88%, and immunoreactivity was 42% (diabody) or >90% (minibody). In vivo distribution was evaluated in athymic mice bearing paired LS174T human colon carcinoma (CEA-positive) and C6 rat glioma (CEA-negative) xenografts. Mice were injected via the tail vein with 1.9-3.1 MBq (53-85 microCi) of (124)I-minibody or with 3.1 MBq (85 microCi) of (124)I-diabody and imaged at 4 and 18 h by PET. Some mice were also imaged using (18)F-FDG 2 d before imaging with (124)I-minibody. RESULTS PET images using (124)I-labeled minibody or diabody showed specific localization to the CEA-positive xenografts and relatively low activity elsewhere in the mice, particularly by 18 h. Target-to-background ratios for the LS174T tumors versus soft tissues using (124)I-minibody were 3.05 at 4 h and 11.03 at 18 h. Similar values were obtained for the (124)I-diabody (3.95 at 4 h and 10.93 at 18 h). These results were confirmed by direct counting of tissues after the final imaging. Marked reduction of normal tissue activity, especially in the abdominal region, resulted in high-contrast images at 18 h for the (124)I-anti-CEA diabody. CEA-positive tumors as small as 11 mg (<3 mm in diameter) could be imaged, and (124)I-anti-CEA minibodies, compared with (18)F-FDG, demonstrated highly specific localization. CONCLUSION (124)I labeling of engineered antibody fragments provides a promising new class of tumor-specific probes for PET imaging of tumors and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobalakrishnan Sundaresan
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul J. Yazaki
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - John E. Shively
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Ronald D. Finn
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Service and Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Steven M. Larson
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Service and Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew A. Raubitschek
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Lawrence E. Williams
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Arion F. Chatziioannou
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Anna M. Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Bian HJ, Chen ZN, Deng JL. Direct technetium-99m labeling of anti-hepatoma monoclonal antibody fragment: a radioimmunoconjugate for hepatocellular carcinoma imaging. World J Gastroenterol 2000; 6:348-352. [PMID: 11819595 PMCID: PMC4688749 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v6.i3.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To directly radiolabel an anti-hepatoma mAb fragment HAb18 F(ab')2 with 99mTc by stannous-reduced method, and assess the stability, biodistribution and radioimmun oimaging (R II).
METHODS: Immunoreactive fraction was determined according to Lin dmo's method. Ellman's reagent was used to determine the number of thiols in the reduced F(ab')2. Labeling efficiency and homogeneity were measured by paper chromatography, sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and autora diography. Challenge assay involved the incubation of aliquots of labeled antibody in ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and L-cysteine (L-cys) solutions with different molar ratio at 37 °C for 1 h, respectively. Investigations in vivo utilized nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma (HHCC) xenografts with gamma camera imaging and tissue biodistribution studies at regular intervals.
RESULTS: The labeling procedure was finished within 1.5 h compared with the "pretinning" method which would take at least 21 h. In vitro studies demonstrated that the radiolabeled mAb fragment was homogen eous and retained its immunoreactivity. Challenge studies indicated that 99mTc-labeled HAb18 F(ab')2 in EDTA is more stable than in L-cys. Imaging and biodistribution showed a significant tumor uptake at 24 h post-injection of 99mTc-labeled HAb18 F(ab')2. The blood, kidney, liver and tumor uptakes at 24 h were 0.56 ± 0.09, 56.45 ± 11.36, 1.43 ± 0.27 and 6.57 ± 3.01 (%ID/g), respectively.
CONCLUSION: 99mTc-HAb18 F(ab')2 conjugate prepare d by this direct method appears to be an effective way to detect hepatoma in nude mice model.
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Yamamura M, Hinoda Y, Sasaki S, Tsujisaki M, Oriuchi N, Endo K, Imai K. A human/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 for tumor radioimmunoimaging. Jpn J Cancer Res 1996; 87:405-11. [PMID: 8641973 PMCID: PMC5921110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1996.tb00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A mouse-human chimeric antibody for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was established by using heavy chain loss mouse mutant hybridoma and human immunoglobulin expression vector. The HA58 hybridoma secreted anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (IgG1, kappa). The gene of the mouse variable region of heavy chain was amplified and cloned by the polymerase chain reaction technique directly from the HA58 hybridoma RNA. The variable region of heavy chain was joined with an expression vector which contains human gamma 1 constant gene. The expression vector was transfected into heavy chain loss mutant cells HA58-7, which produced only murine immunoglobulin light chains. The resultant chimeric MoAb HA58, chHA58, retained full-binding reactivity to ICAM-1 compared with murine HA58 parental antibody. The chimeric MoAb chHA58 showed little antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity against cultured tumor cells. Biodistribution studies with 99mTc-labeled chHA58 in nude mice bearing human gastric carcinoma JRST cells demonstrated that the tumor-blood ratio was 1.55 at 18 h after injection, when the tumors were clearly visible in gamma scintigraphy. These data suggest that chHA58 may be of practical use for radioimmunoimaging of a wide variety of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamamura
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Japan
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Kobayashi H, Sakahara H, Endo K, Hosono M, Yao ZS, Toyama S, Konishi J. Comparison of the chase effects of avidin, streptavidin, neutravidin, and avidin-ferritin on a radiolabeled biotinylated anti-tumor monoclonal antibody. Jpn J Cancer Res 1995; 86:310-4. [PMID: 7744702 PMCID: PMC5920811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1995.tb03056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Injection of avidin can decrease the background radioactivity due to a radiolabeled biotinylated monoclonal antibody. We compared the chase effects of avidin, streptavidin, neutravidin, and avidin-conjugated ferritin on a radiolabeled antitumor monoclonal antibody in tumor-bearing nude mice. A radioiodine-labeled biotinylated monoclonal antibody (OST7) was administered to athymic mice bearing osteogenic sarcomas. After 24 h, an avidin, streptavidin, neutravidin or avidin-conjugated ferritin chaser was intravenously injected into the mice. At 2 h after the chase, the biodistribution of the radiolabeled monoclonal antibody was determined. Clearance from the blood was dose-dependently accelerated by avidin and its effect was 10-fold stronger than that of neutravidin or avidin-ferritin. Streptavidin did not promote clearance of the biotinylated antibody. Avidin was the most effective chasing agent for improving the biodistribution of the radiolabeled biotinylated monoclonal antibody among the four avidin derivatives tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kobayashi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University
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