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Asarnow D, Wang B, Lee WH, Hu Y, Huang CW, Faust B, Ng PML, Ngoh EZX, Bohn M, Bulkley D, Pizzorno A, Ary B, Tan HC, Lee CY, Minhat RA, Terrier O, Soh MK, Teo FJ, Yeap YYC, Seah SGK, Chan CEZ, Connelly E, Young NJ, Maurer-Stroh S, Renia L, Hanson BJ, Rosa-Calatrava M, Manglik A, Cheng Y, Craik CS, Wang CI. Structural insight into SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and modulation of syncytia. Cell 2021; 184:3192-3204.e16. [PMID: 33974910 PMCID: PMC8064868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is initiated by binding of the viral Spike protein to host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), followed by fusion of viral and host membranes. Although antibodies that block this interaction are in emergency use as early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapies, the precise determinants of neutralization potency remain unknown. We discovered a series of antibodies that potently block ACE2 binding but exhibit divergent neutralization efficacy against the live virus. Strikingly, these neutralizing antibodies can inhibit or enhance Spike-mediated membrane fusion and formation of syncytia, which are associated with chronic tissue damage in individuals with COVID-19. As revealed by cryoelectron microscopy, multiple structures of Spike-antibody complexes have distinct binding modes that not only block ACE2 binding but also alter the Spike protein conformational cycle triggered by ACE2 binding. We show that stabilization of different Spike conformations leads to modulation of Spike-mediated membrane fusion with profound implications for COVID-19 pathology and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Asarnow
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bei Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Yuanyu Hu
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Bryan Faust
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Miang Lon Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Eve Zi Xian Ngoh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Markus Bohn
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Bulkley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrés Pizzorno
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Beatrice Ary
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hwee Ching Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Chia Yin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Rabiatul Adawiyah Minhat
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Olivier Terrier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Mun Kuen Soh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Frannie Jiuyi Teo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Yvonne Yee Chin Yeap
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Shirley Gek Kheng Seah
- Biological Defence Program, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Conrad En Zuo Chan
- Biological Defence Program, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Emily Connelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix, Singapore 138671, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Laboratories (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Laboratories (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Brendon John Hanson
- Biological Defence Program, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France; VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aashish Manglik
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Charles S Craik
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
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Lhota G, Sissolak B, Striedner G, Sommeregger W, Vorauer-Uhl K. Quantification of glycated IgG in CHO supernatants: A practical approach. Biotechnol Prog 2021; 37:e3124. [PMID: 33428326 PMCID: PMC8365726 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational, nonenzymatic glycation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the presence of reducing sugars (in bioprocesses) is a widely known phenomenon, which affects protein heterogeneity and potentially has an impact on quality, safety, and efficacy of the end product. Quantification of individual glycation levels is compulsory for each mAb therapeutically applied in humans. We therefore propose an analytical method for monitoring glycation levels of mAb products during the bioprocess. This is a useful tool for process-design considerations, especially concerning glucose-feed strategies and temperature as major driving factors of protein glycation. In this study, boronate affinity chromatography (BAC) was optimized for determination of the glycation level of mAbs in supernatants. In fact, the complex matrix found in supernatants is an underlying obstacle to use BAC, but with a simple clean-up step, we found that the elution profile could be significantly improved so that qualitative and quantitative determination could be reached. Complementary analytical methods confirmed the performance quality, including the correctness and specificity of the results. For quantitative determination of mAb glycation in supernatants, we established a calibration procedure for the retained mAb peak, identified as glycated antibody monomers. For this approach, an available fully characterized mAb standard, Humira®, was successfully applied, and continuous monitoring of mAbs across three repetitive fed-batch processes was finally performed. With this practical, novel approach, an insight was obtained into glycation levels during bioprocessing, in conjunction with glucose levels and product titer over time, facilitating efficient process development and batch-consistency monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Lhota
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Sissolak
- Research and Development, Bilfinger Industrietechnik Salzburg GmbH, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gerald Striedner
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sommeregger
- Research and Development, Bilfinger Industrietechnik Salzburg GmbH, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karola Vorauer-Uhl
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Zhao A, Tohidkia MR, Siegel DL, Coukos G, Omidi Y. Phage antibody display libraries: a powerful antibody discovery platform for immunotherapy. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:276-89. [PMID: 25394539 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.958978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phage display technology (PDT), a combinatorial screening approach, provides a molecular diversity tool for creating libraries of peptides/proteins and discovery of new recombinant therapeutics. Expression of proteins such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on the surface of filamentous phage can permit the selection of high affinity and specificity therapeutic mAbs against virtually any target antigen. Using a number of diverse selection platforms (e.g. solid phase, solution phase, whole cell and in vivo biopannings), phage antibody libraries (PALs) from the start point provides great potential for the isolation of functional mAb fragments with diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. Given the pivotal role of PDT in the discovery of novel therapeutic/diagnostic mAbs, in the current review, we provide an overview on PALs and discuss their impact in the advancement of engineered mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhi Zhao
- a Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Mohammad R Tohidkia
- b Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Donald L Siegel
- c Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine , University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA , and
| | - George Coukos
- a Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA .,d Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- a Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA .,b Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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