1
|
Nemcsik J, Takács J, Pásztor D, Farsang C, Simon A, Páll D, Torzsa P, Dolgos S, Koller A, Habony N, Járai Z. Frequency of office blood pressure measurements and the seasonal variability of blood pressure: results of the Hungarian Hypertension Registry. Blood Press 2024; 33:2337170. [PMID: 38581160 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2337170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypertension is a major public health problem, thus, its timely and appropriate diagnosis and management are crucial for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of the new Hungarian Hypertension Registry is to evaluate the blood pressure measurement practices of general practitioners (GPs), internists and cardiologists in outpatient clinics, as well as to assess the seasonal variability of blood pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Omron M3 IT devices were used during four-month periods between October 2018 and April 2023 in GP practices and in hypertension clinics. The blood pressure data were then transmitted online from the monitors' cuffs to a central database using the Medistance system of Omron. RESULTS Family physicians (n = 2491), and internists/cardiologists (n = 477) participated in the study. A total of 4804 821 blood pressure measurements were taken during 10 four-month evaluation periods. In the ten periods, the daily average number of measurements was between 3.0 and 5.6. Following ESH diagnostic criteria, the proportion of subjects in optimal, normal and high-normal blood pressure categories were 14, 13.4 and 16.7%, respectively. Altogether 56% of the measurements belonged to stage 1, stage 2 or stage 3 hypertension categories (31.6, 17.1 and 7.4%, respectively). On average, a difference of 5/2 mmHg was observed between winter and summer data in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, respectively. The average systolic blood pressure values were higher in GP practices with more than 2000 patients than in the ones with less than 1500 patients (141.86 mmHg versus 140.02 mmHg, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the low daily average number of blood pressure measurements indicates a limited blood pressure screening awareness/capacity in the case of Hungarian family physicians. In GP practices with more patients, blood pressure is usually less well-controlled. These results suggest that the further promotion of home blood pressure monitoring is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- János Nemcsik
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Johanna Takács
- Department of Social Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Pásztor
- Department of Cardiology, South-Buda Center Hospital St, Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Farsang
- Department of Metabolism, South-Buda Center Hospital St, Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Simon
- State Hospital for Cardiology, Balatonfüred, Hungary
| | - Dénes Páll
- Department of Medical Clinical Pharmacology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Torzsa
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Akos Koller
- Research Center for Sport Physiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Departments of Morphology & Physiology and Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Habony
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Járai
- Department of Cardiology, South-Buda Center Hospital St, Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
- Section of Angiology, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aydamo AA, Robele Gari S, Mereta ST. Seasonal Variations in Household Water Use, Microbiological Water Quality, and Challenges to the Provision of Adequate Drinking Water: A Case of Peri-urban and Informal Settlements of Hosanna Town, Southern Ethiopia. Environ Health Insights 2024; 18:11786302241238940. [PMID: 38525297 PMCID: PMC10958793 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241238940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted on household water use and microbial water quality globally. However, studies that considered seasonal variability of household water use and microbial water quality were limited. Therefore, this study investigated the seasonal variability of household water use, microbiological water quality, and challenges to the provision of adequate water in the peri-urban and informal settlements of Hosanna town, Southern Ethiopia. A longitudinal study was conducted on 288 households. The data was gathered using a pretested structured questionnaire, laboratory-analysis, interviews, storage-container inventories, focus group discussions, key-informant interviews, and an observational checklist. The data was analyzed using stepwise-multiple linear regression, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression, thematic-analysis, t-tests, and non-parametric-tests. Households were visited for 7 consecutive days during the dry and rainy seasons to account for changes in daily and seasonal variation of water use. 440 stored water and 12 source samples were analyzed for E. coli presence during dry and rainy seasons. The prevalence of stored water contamination with E. coli was 43.2% and 34.5% during the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. The per capita water consumption was 19.4 and 20.3 l during the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Piped water on-premises, small family size, volume, and number of water storage containers were significant predictors of per capita water consumption in both seasons. Piped water off-premises, storing water for more than 3 days, uncovered, and wide-mouthed water storage containers were significantly associated with the presence of E. coli in water in both seasons. Seasonal variability of household water use and microbiological water quality was statistically significant, which is a significant public health concern and needs intervention to enhance water quantity and quality to mitigate the risk of waterborne diseases. Findings also suggest seasonal monitoring of the safety of drinking water to ensure that the water is safe and healthy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abiot Abera Aydamo
- Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources (EiWR), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wachemo University, Hosanna, Ethiopia
| | - Sirak Robele Gari
- Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources (EiWR), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Tiku Mereta
- Department of Environmental Health and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rossios K, Antza C, Kachtsidis V, Kotsis V. The Modern Environment: The New Secondary Cause of Hypertension? Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:2095. [PMID: 38138198 PMCID: PMC10744418 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide, is hypertension. Although most cases of hypertension are thought to be essential, the multifactorial associations of the environmental influence on blood pressure seem to play an important role and should be more closely investigated. This review attempts to focus on the recent literature that examines the environmental effects on arterial blood pressure and its management. Seasonal variability and the role of ambient temperature, either occupational or recreational noise pollution, as well as obesity due to environment-caused dietary habits, are recognized as important risk factors, affecting the onset as well as the regulation of hypertension. Furthermore, the effects of seasonal fluctuations in blood pressure, noise pollution, and obesity seem to share a similar pathogenesis, and as such to all further react together, leading to increased blood pressure. The activation of the autonomous nervous system plays a key role and causes an increase in stress hormones that generates oxidative stress on the vascular system and, thus, vasoconstriction. In this review, by focusing on the association of the environmental impact with arterial blood pressure, we come to the question of whether most cases of hypertension-if not all-should, indeed, be considered primary or secondary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Rossios
- Cardiology Clinic, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Christina Antza
- Hypertension Center, 3rd Department of Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.A.); (V.K.)
| | - Vasileios Kachtsidis
- Hypertension Center, 3rd Department of Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.A.); (V.K.)
| | - Vasilios Kotsis
- Hypertension Center, 3rd Department of Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.A.); (V.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jin J, Liu Y, Hou W, Cai Y, Zhang F, Wang Y, Fang X, Huang L, Yong B, Ren L. Improvement of transpiration estimation based on a two-leaf conductance-photosynthesis model with seasonal parameters for temperate deciduous forests. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1164078. [PMID: 37223791 PMCID: PMC10200961 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1164078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Conductance-photosynthesis (Gs-A) models, accompanying with light use efficiency (LUE) models for calculating carbon assimilation, are widely used for estimating canopy stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration (Tc) under the two-leaf (TL) scheme. However, the key parameters of photosynthetic rate sensitivity (gsu and gsh) and maximum LUE (ϵmsu and ϵmsh) are typically set to temporally constant values for sunlit and shaded leaves, respectively. This may result in Tc estimation errors, as it contradicts field observations. Methods In this study, the measured flux data from three temperate deciduous broadleaved forests (DBF) FLUXNET sites were adopted, and the key parameters of LUE and Ball-Berry models for sunlit and shaded leaves were calibrated within the entire growing season and each season, respectively. Then, the estimations of gross primary production (GPP) and Tc were compared between the two schemes of parameterization: (1) entire growing season-based fixed parameters (EGS) and (2) season-specific dynamic parameters (SEA). Results Our results show a cyclical variability of ϵmsu across the sites, with the highest value during the summer and the lowest during the spring. A similar pattern was found for gsu and gsh, which showed a decrease in summer and a slight increase in both spring and autumn. Furthermore, the SEA model (i.e., the dynamic parameterization) better simulated GPP, with a reduction in root mean square error (RMSE) of about 8.0 ± 1.1% and an improvement in correlation coefficient (r) of 3.7 ± 1.5%, relative to the EGS model. Meanwhile, the SEA scheme reduced Tc simulation errors in terms of RMSE by 3.7 ± 4.4%. Discussion These findings provide a greater understanding of the seasonality of plant functional traits, and help to improve simulations of seasonal carbon and water fluxes in temperate forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Jin
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- National Earth System Science Data Center, National Science & Technology Infrastructure of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiye Hou
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulong Cai
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengyan Zhang
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Tourism and Social Administration College, NanJing XiaoZhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuqin Fang
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingxiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yong
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liliang Ren
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lane TS, Sonderegger DL, Binns HJ, Kirk S, Christison AL, Novick M, Tucker J, King E, Wallace S, Brazendale K, Kharofa RY, Walka S, de Heer H‘D. Seasonal variability in body mass index change among children enrolled in the Pediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry: A step in the right direction. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13012. [PMID: 36811325 PMCID: PMC10150645 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown children disproportionately gain excess weight over the summer months (vs. school months), with stronger effects for children with obesity. However, the question has not been investigated among children receiving care in paediatric weight management (PWM) programs. OBJECTIVE To test for seasonal variability in weight change among youth with obesity in PWM care enrolled in the Pediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry (POWER). METHOD Longitudinal evaluation of a prospective cohort from 2014 to 2019 among youth in 31 PWM programs. Change in percentage of the 95th percentile for BMI (%BMIp95) was compared by quarter. RESULTS Participants (N = 6816) were primarily ages 6-11 (48%), female (54%), 40% non-Hispanic White, 26% Hispanic and 17% Black, and 73% had severe obesity. Children were enrolled on average 424.9 ± 401.5 days. Participants reduced their %BMIp95 every season, but compared with Quarter 3 (July-September), reductions were significantly greater in Q1 (Jan-March, b = -0.27, 95%CI -0.46, -0.09), Q2 (April-June, b = -0.21, CI -0.40, -0.03), and Q4 (October-December, b = -0.44, CI -0.63, -0.26). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Across 31 clinics nationwide, children reduced their %BMIp95 every season, but reductions were significantly smaller during the summer quarter. While PWM successfully mitigated excess weight gain during every period, summer remains a high-priority time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S Lane
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Derek L Sonderegger
- Department of Math and Statistics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - Helen J Binns
- Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Shelley Kirk
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- The Heart Institute, Center for Better Health and Nutrition Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH
| | - Amy L. Christison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL
| | - Marsha Novick
- Department of Pediatrics and Family & Community Medicine, Healthy Weight Program for Children and Teens, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA
| | - Jared Tucker
- Health Optimization Services, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Eileen King
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Stephenie Wallace
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Adolescent Medicine, Children’s Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Keith Brazendale
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Roohi Y. Kharofa
- The Heart Institute, Center for Better Health and Nutrition Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sherry Walka
- Northern Arizona Healthcare Inspire Program, Northern Arizona Healthcare, Flagstaff, AZ
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li P, Zhong S, Chmura P, Liu H. Match performance of football teams in different competition phases: Analysis on the data of eight consecutive seasons in the Chinese Super League. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1069082. [PMID: 36710726 PMCID: PMC9874156 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1069082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to quantify the variation in the physical and technical match performance of football teams in different months of a season in the Chinese Super League (CSL). Data of 1,899 matches in the seasons 2012-2019 of CSL collected by Amisco Pro® were analysed. The generalised mixed modelling was employed to estimate the per match mean values of six physical performance-related parameters and 16 technical performance-related parameters of CSL teams in every month of all the eight seasons. Results showed that: (1) the mean values of all the analysed physical performance-related parameters (total/sprint/HSR/MSR distance, sprint/HSR efforts) of CSL teams through a season were characterised like a 'U' shape, the highest value was observed in the beginning of season (March), then decreased gradually, reaching the lowest in August, and rebounded progressively from September to November; (2) the mean values of eight technical performance-related parameters (goals, shots, shot accuracy, individual possession, individual possession in the last third, crosses, cross accuracy and yellow cards) presented trivial changes through the whole season; (3) the number of passes, passes per shot, forward passes, and time in individual possession showed trivial changes from March to October, but showed a substantially increase in November (the last month of season); (4) Pass accuracy, forward pass accuracy, and the number of mean ball touches per individual possession substantially increased in June, July and August, whilst the number of challenges, ground challenges, air challenges, tackles and fouls all substantially decreased in these 3 months. These results could provide detailed information to help the practitioners choose the best training and match preparation strategy in the means of periodisation in different season phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China,National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Sports Science Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shisheng Zhong
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China,National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Sports Science Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Paweł Chmura
- Department of Team Games, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Hongyou Liu
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China,National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Sports Science Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hongyou Liu, ✉
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kovalchuk LA, Mishchenko VA, Chernaya LV, Snit'ko VP, Bolshakov VN. Assessment of Seasonal Variability of the Spectrum of Free Amino Acids in the Blood Plasma of the Boreal Bat Species (Myotis dasycneme Boie, 1825) of the Ural Fauna. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2022; 507:268-272. [PMID: 36786984 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672922060060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A comparative analysis of the content of free amino acids in the blood plasma of a representative of the bat fauna of the Urals, Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825), in seasonal periods of their annual life cycle is presented for the first time. The blood plasma of the pond bats contains a full spectrum of essential amino acids: threonine, valine, lysine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, arginine, histidine, and tryptophan. A significant accumulation of metabolically active glucoplastic alanine in the blood of M. dasycneme in the autumn (2.5 times) and winter (2.2 times) periods indicates its role as a low-temperature adaptogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Kovalchuk
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - V A Mishchenko
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia.,Yekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections, SSC VB "Vector" Rospotrebnadzor, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - L V Chernaya
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - V P Snit'ko
- South Ural Federal Scientific Center of Mineralogy and Environmental Geology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miass, Ilmen Reserve, Russia
| | - V N Bolshakov
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Grygier A, Skubacz K, Wysocka M, Bonczyk M, Piech A, Janik M. Radon Exposure in the Underground Tourist Route-Historic Silver Mine in Tarnowskie Góry, Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph192315778. [PMID: 36497854 PMCID: PMC9737227 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of the exposure of workers and tourists to radon in the underground tourist route of the Historic Silver Mine in Tarnowskie Góry was carried out. The study was conducted over a one-year period to capture seasonal variations in radon concentrations. CR-39 track detectors were used to measure radon concentrations, which were exposed in the mine during the following periods: 9 February 2021-19 May 2021, 19 May 2021-26 August 2021, 26 August 2021-25 November 2021 and 25 November 2021-3 March 2022. The annual average radon concentration along the tourist route was 1021 Bq m-3. The highest measured concentration was 2280 Bq m-3 and the lowest concentration was 80 Bq m-3. Based on the measured concentrations, effective doses were calculated, assuming that employees spend 1350 h a year in underground areas and that the time of visiting the mine by tourists is ca. 1 h. The average annual effective dose a worker would receive is approximately 2.5 mSv, and a tourist below 2 μSv. The dose limit expressed as the annual effective dose is 1 mSv for members of the general public and 20 mSv for occupational exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Grygier
- Silesian Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Central Mining Institute (GIG), Plac Gwarków 1, 40166 Katowice, Poland
| | - Krystian Skubacz
- Silesian Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Central Mining Institute (GIG), Plac Gwarków 1, 40166 Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wysocka
- Silesian Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Central Mining Institute (GIG), Plac Gwarków 1, 40166 Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Bonczyk
- Silesian Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Central Mining Institute (GIG), Plac Gwarków 1, 40166 Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Piech
- Historic Silver Mine in Tarnowskie Góry, Szczęść Boże 81, 42600 Tarnowskie Góry, Poland
| | - Mirosław Janik
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kreinces JB, Roof MA, Friedlander S, Huang S, Bosco JA, Fischer C. The Temporality of Deep Surgical Site Infection Rates Following Spinal Laminectomy and Fusion. Int J Spine Surg 2022; 16:1068-1074. [PMID: 36113953 PMCID: PMC9807047 DOI: 10.14444/8358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep surgical site infections (dSSI) following spinal laminectomy and fusion are serious complications associated with poor patient outcomes. The objective of this study is to investigate the monthly and seasonal variability of dSSI rates following common spinal surgeries to investigate the "July effect," which refers to the alleged increase in adverse health outcomes due to new hospital trainees at the beginning of the academic year. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who had a dSSI following laminectomy (without fusion) or spinal fusion (with or without laminectomy) at a single large urban academic medical center between January 2009 and August 2018. The change in dSSI rate over the entire study period was calculated. The monthly and seasonal variability of dSSI were assessed using a Poisson regression model to assess for the presence of the July effect. RESULTS A total of 7931 laminectomies and 14,637 spinal fusions were reviewed. The average dSSI rates following laminectomy and spinal fusion were 0.46 (SD, 0.47) and 1.26 (SD, 0.86) per 100 patients, respectively. The rate of dSSI following spinal fusion significantly decreased over the study period (rate ratio [RR] = 0.89, 95% CI 0.84-0.94, P < 0.01). With summer as the reference season, there were significantly lower dSSI rates following spinal fusions performed in the fall (RR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.39-0.98, P = 0.04 ). With July as the reference month, there was a significantly higher dSSI rate in April following spinal fusions. CONCLUSION The overall decrease in dSSI rate over the study period is consistent with previous reports. The monthly analysis revealed no significant differences in either procedure, calling into question the July effect. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study is relevant to practicing spinal surgeons and can inform surgeons about seasonal data regarding dSSIs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason B. Kreinces
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mackenzie A. Roof
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Friedlander
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shengnan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph A. Bosco
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charla Fischer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA, Charla Fischer, NYU Langone Health, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, 301 E 17th St, New York, NY 10003, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaye AR, Hart WS, Bromiley J, Iwami S, Thompson RN. A direct comparison of methods for assessing the threat from emerging infectious diseases in seasonally varying environments. J Theor Biol 2022; 548:111195. [PMID: 35716723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in environmental conditions lead to changing infectious disease epidemic risks at different times of year. The probability that early cases initiate a major epidemic depends on the season in which the pathogen enters the population. The instantaneous epidemic risk (IER) can be tracked. This quantity is straightforward to calculate, and corresponds to the probability of a major epidemic starting from a single case introduced at time t=t0, assuming that environmental conditions remain identical from that time onwards (i.e. for all t≥t0). However, the threat when a pathogen enters the population in fact depends on changes in environmental conditions occurring within the timescale of the initial phase of the outbreak. For that reason, we compare the IER with a different metric: the case epidemic risk (CER). The CER corresponds to the probability of a major epidemic starting from a single case entering the population at time t=t0, accounting for changes in environmental conditions after that time. We show how the IER and CER can be calculated using different epidemiological models (the stochastic Susceptible-Infectious-Removed model and a stochastic host-vector model that is parameterised using temperature data for Miami) in which transmission parameters vary temporally. While the IER is always easy to calculate numerically, the adaptable method we provide for calculating the CER for the host-vector model can also be applied easily and solved using widely available software tools. In line with previous research, we demonstrate that if a pathogen is likely to either invade the population or fade out on a fast timescale compared to changes in environmental conditions, the IER closely matches the CER. However, if this is not the case, the IER and the CER can be significantly different, and so the CER should be used. This demonstrates the need to consider future changes in environmental conditions carefully when assessing the risk posed by emerging pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Kaye
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - W S Hart
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Bromiley
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Iwami
- Department of Biology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - R N Thompson
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aibazov M, Trukhachev V, Selionova M, Malorodov V. Seasonal changes in testis size, testosterone levels and sperm production quality in meat rams. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:1125-1135. [PMID: 35701877 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate seasonal changes in testes size, serum testosterone (T) levels and sperm production characteristics of 24 adult (2-3 years old) rams of meat breeds: Charollais (n = 6), Ile de France (n = 6), Dorset (Polled) (n = 5) and Dorper (Dorper, n = 7). Semen was collected with artificial vagina using a female in spontaneous oestrus (September-November, breeding season, BS) or a female with induced oestrus (March-July, non-breeding season, NBS). A total of 672 ejaculates were examined. Jugular vein blood was collected to determine testosterone levels during BS and NBS, and serum was extracted. Results of the present study indicate that there was no significant change in parameters such as body weight (kg) and testes length, both right and left, during BS and NBS, irrespective of the breed. The remaining metrics of testes differ in varying degrees between breeds of rams (with the exception of the Dorper breed) between BS and NBS. No significant variation in these parameters was found in Dorper rams. For all breeds, season had a statistically significant effect on important parameters such as total sperm count and progressive sperm motility after thawing. There was also significant seasonal variation in ejaculate volume across the three breeds, excluding il-de-France rams. The most constant was the sperm concentration, which was unchanged in BS and NBS in the three breeds, excluding Dorset rams, which showed a slightly significant decrease in this indicator in the non-breeding season. The serum content of the major male hormone testosterone (T) in rams of all breeds showed significant changes between BS and NBS, decreasing by a highly significant amount in the non-breeding season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magomet Aibazov
- Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Trukhachev
- Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Selionova
- Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor Malorodov
- Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Melo Viríssimo F, Martin AP, Henson SA. Influence of Seasonal Variability in Flux Attenuation on Global Organic Carbon Fluxes and Nutrient Distributions. Global Biogeochem Cycles 2022; 36:e2021GB007101. [PMID: 35866103 PMCID: PMC9286473 DOI: 10.1029/2021gb007101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The biological carbon pump is a key component of the marine carbon cycle. This surface-to-deep flux of carbon is usually assumed to follow a simple power law function, which imposes that the surface export flux is attenuated throughout subsurface waters at a rate dictated by the parameterization exponent. This flux attenuation exponent is widely assumed as constant. However, there is increasing evidence that the flux attenuation varies both spatially and seasonally. While the former has received some attention, the consequences of the latter have not been explored. Here we aim to fill the gap with a theoretical study of how seasonal changes in both flux attenuation and sinking speed affect nutrient distributions and carbon fluxes. Using a global ocean-biogeochemical model that represents detritus explicitly, we look at different scenarios for how these varies seasonally, particularly the relative "phase" with respect to solar radiation and the "strength" of seasonality. We show that the sole presence of seasonality in the model-imposed flux attenuation and sinking speed leads to a greater transfer efficiency compared to the non-seasonal flux attenuation scenario, resulting in an increase of over 140% in some cases when the amplitude of the seasonality imposed is 60% of the non-seasonal base value. This work highlights the importance of the feedback taking place between the seasonally varying flux attenuation, sinking speed and other processes, suggesting that the assumption of constant-in-time flux attenuation and sinking speed might underestimate how much carbon is sequestered by the biological carbon pump.
Collapse
|
13
|
Vione D. Insights into the Time Evolution of Slowly Photodegrading Contaminants. Molecules 2021; 26:5223. [PMID: 34500658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochemical degradation plays an important role in the attenuation of many recalcitrant pollutants in surface freshwaters. Photoinduced transformation kinetics are strongly affected by environmental conditions, where sunlight irradiance plays the main role, followed by water depth and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Apart from poorly predictable weather-related issues, fair-weather irradiance has a seasonal trend that results in the fastest photodegradation in June and the slowest in December (at least in temperate areas of the northern hemisphere). Pollutants that have first-order photochemical lifetimes longer than a week take more than one month to achieve 95% photodegradation. Consequently, they may experience quite different irradiance conditions as their photodegradation goes on. The relevant time trend can be approximated as a series of first-order kinetic tracts, each lasting for one month. The trend considerably departs from an overall exponential decay, if degradation takes long enough to encompass seasonally varying irradiance conditions. For instance, sunlight irradiance is higher in July than in April, but increasing irradiance after April and decreasing irradiance after July ensure that pollutants emitted in either month undergo degradation with very similar time trends in the first 3-4 months after emission. If photodegradation takes longer, pollutants emitted in July experience a considerable slowdown in photoreaction kinetics as winter is approached. Therefore, if pollutants are photostable enough that their photochemical time trend evolves over different seasons, degradation acquires some peculiar features than cannot be easily predicted from a mere analysis of lifetimes in the framework of simple first-order kinetics. Such features are here highlighted with a modelling approach, taking the case of carbamazepine as the main example. This contaminant is almost totally biorecalcitrant, and it is also quite resistant to photodegradation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Živković U, Avramov S, Miljković D, Barišić Klisarić N, Tubić L, Mišić D, Šiler B, Tarasjev A. Genetic and Environmental Factors Jointly Impact Leaf Phenolic Profiles of Iris variegata L. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10081599. [PMID: 34451644 PMCID: PMC8401273 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A plant’s main mechanism to diminish the effects caused by high free radical levels generated during high irradiance is the synthesis of various secondary metabolites. In addition to interspecies differences, their concentrations may be influenced by genetic, ontogenic, morphogenetic or environmental factors. We investigated the influence of genetic (genotypes from different natural habitats) and environmental (contrasting light regimes as well as successive parts of the vegetation period) variability on the accumulation of 10 selected phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and xanthones) in Iris variegata genotypes. Genotypes originated from either sun-exposed or shaded natural habitats were transplanted to two experimental light treatments (high light intensity with a higher R/FR ratio and low light intensity with a lower R/FR ratio). Significant impacts of both genetic and environmental seasonal variability (spring, summer and fall during the vegetation period) on phenolic compound profiles were detected. Their highest amounts were detected in spring. The magnitude of difference between light treatments (high vs. low light intensity) and the direction of this change varied depending on the secondary compound class. Phenotypic correlations among the 10 analyzed secondary metabolites differed across the experimental light treatments and their number decreased from spring to fall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uroš Živković
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.A.); (D.M.); (N.B.K.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2078376
| | - Stevan Avramov
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.A.); (D.M.); (N.B.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Danijela Miljković
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.A.); (D.M.); (N.B.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Nataša Barišić Klisarić
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.A.); (D.M.); (N.B.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Ljiljana Tubić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.T.); (D.M.); (B.Š.)
| | - Danijela Mišić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.T.); (D.M.); (B.Š.)
| | - Branislav Šiler
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (L.T.); (D.M.); (B.Š.)
| | - Aleksej Tarasjev
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.A.); (D.M.); (N.B.K.); (A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Woch MW, Kapusta P, Stanek M, Zubek S, Stefanowicz AM. Functional traits predict resident plant response to Reynoutria japonica invasion in riparian and fallow communities in southern Poland. AoB Plants 2021; 13:plab035. [PMID: 34249308 PMCID: PMC8266581 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reynoutria japonica is one of the most harmful invasive species in the world, dramatically reducing the diversity of resident vegetation. To mitigate the impact of R. japonica on ecosystems and properly manage affected areas, understanding the mechanisms behind this plant's invasive success is imperative. This study aimed to comprehensively analyse plant communities invaded by R. japonica, taking into account species traits, habitat conditions and seasonal variability, and to determine the ecological profile of species that withstand the invader's pressure. The study was performed in fallow and riparian areas in southern Poland. Pairs of adjacent plots were established at 25 sites with no obvious signs of recent human disturbance. One plot contained R. japonica, and the other contained only resident vegetation. For each plot, botanical data were collected and soil physicochemical properties were determined. Twelve sites were surveyed four times, in two springs and two summers, to capture seasonal variability. The presence of R. japonica was strongly associated with reduced resident plant species diversity and/or abundance. In addition to the ability to quickly grow and form a dense canopy that shades the ground, the success of the invader likely resulted from the production of large amounts of hard-to-decompose litter. The indirect impact of R. japonica by controlling the availability of nutrients in the soil might also play a role. A few species coexisted with R. japonica. They can be classified into three groups: (i) spring ephemerals - geophytic forbs with a mixed life history strategy, (ii) lianas with a competitive strategy and (iii) hemicryptophytic forbs with a competitive strategy. Species from the first two groups likely avoided competition for light by temporal or spatial niche separation (they grew earlier than or above the invasive plant), whereas the high competitive abilities of species from the third group likely enabled them to survive in R. japonica patches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin W Woch
- Institute of Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, PL- 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Kapusta
- Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stanek
- Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Zubek
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, PL-30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna M Stefanowicz
- Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity is a new inflammatory and oxidative marker. Technical effects and biological factors could affect the accuracy of PON-1 activity measurement. We investigated the effects of storage at different temperatures, repeated freeze-thaw cycles, interferences from hemolytic, lipemic, and icteric samples, and seasonal effects on PON-1 activity in horses. We evaluated 2 substrates with an automated spectrophotometer. Ten equine serum samples were stored under different conditions. Although storage at room (21°C) or refrigeration (4°C) temperature induced a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) in PON-1 activity, this is not diagnostically relevant. PON-1 activity in frozen samples (-20°C) was stable for short-term storage; diagnostically significant (p < 0.01) fluctuations were observed after 1 mo. Four repeated freeze-thaw cycles were assessed, and all cycles affected PON-1 activity (p < 0.01); however, this was diagnostically significant only after the 4th cycle. Hemolysis induced an overestimation of PON-1 activity; lipemia and hyperbilirubinemia did not change PON-1 activity. Thirty-four horses were sampled monthly for 1 y, and PON-1 activity was higher in autumn (p < 0.05) and winter (p < 0.05) than in spring and summer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rossi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amy Richardson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hali Jamaludin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cristy Secombe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yoshimura E, Tajiri E, Hatamoto Y, Tanaka S. Changes in Season Affect Body Weight, Physical Activity, Food Intake, and Sleep in Female College Students: A Preliminary Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17238713. [PMID: 33255205 PMCID: PMC7727682 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined how body weight and lifestyle fluctuate between spring, autumn, and winter in Japanese female college students and whether weight gain is associated with changes in physical activity, food intake, and sleep. We measured body weight and lifestyle factors in 31 participants from May 2017 to January 2018. Weight was measured daily in participants’ homes. Physical activity and sleep were measured for three weeks in three seasons using two accelerometers. Food intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Body weight significantly decreased in autumn compared with spring (p < 0.001). Body weight in winter tended to increase compared with autumn (p = 0.052). Step counts and energy intake were significantly different between seasons (p < 0.05). Total time in bed was not significantly different between seasons. In comparisons of changes in lifestyle patterns from autumn to winter between the weight gain (≥0.5 kg) and weight maintenance groups, seasonal changes in lifestyle factors were not significantly different between groups (p > 0.05). The results indicated that body weight and lifestyle were affected by seasonal variability in female college students, but no significant relationships existed between seasonal weight gain and changes in lifestyle patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Yoshimura
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (Y.H.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-03-3203-5721; Fax: +81-03-3202-3278
| | - Eri Tajiri
- Graduate School of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan;
| | - Yoichi Hatamoto
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (Y.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; (Y.H.); (S.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rowbottom R, Carver S, Barmuta LA, Weinstein P, Allen GR. How do local differences in saltmarsh ecology influence disease vector mosquito populations? Med Vet Entomol 2020; 34:279-290. [PMID: 32080876 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Saltmarsh breeding mosquitoes are an important source of vectors for arboviral transmission. In southern Australia, the most prominent vector borne disease, Ross River virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) (RRV), is transmitted by the saltmarsh mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Aedes camptorhynchus (Thomson). However, the factors driving the abundance of this mosquito within and among saltmarshes are poorly understood. To predict the abundance of this mosquito within saltmarshes, the environmental conditions and aquatic invertebrate ecology of three temperate saltmarshes habitats were monitored over two seasons. Up to 44% of first-instar mosquito numbers and 21% of pupal numbers were accounted for by environmental variables. Samphire vegetation cover was a common predictor of first-instar numbers across sites although, between saltmarshes, aquatic factors such as high salinity, temperatures less than 22 °C and water body volume were important predictors. The identified predictors of pupal numbers were more variable and included high tides, waterbody volume and alkalinity. The composition of invertebrate functional feeding groups differed between saltmarshes and showed that an increased diversity led to fewer mosquitoes. It was evident that apparently similar saltmarshes can vary markedly in invertebrate assemblages, water availability and conditions through tidal inundations, rainfall or waterbody permanency. The present study advances insight into predictors of vector mosquito numbers that drive the risk of RRV outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Rowbottom
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - S Carver
- School of Natural Sciences (Biological Sciences), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - L A Barmuta
- School of Natural Sciences (Biological Sciences), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - P Weinstein
- School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - G R Allen
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Massey MD, Hutchings JA. Thermal variability during ectotherm egg incubation: A synthesis and framework. J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2020; 335:59-71. [PMID: 32767534 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural populations of ectothermic oviparous vertebrates typically experience thermal variability in their incubation environment. Yet an overwhelming number of laboratory studies incubate animals under constant thermal conditions that cannot capture natural thermal variability. Here, we systematically searched for studies that incubated eggs of ectothermic vertebrates, including both fishes and herpetofauna, under thermally variable regimes. We ultimately developed a compendium of 66 studies that used thermally variable conditions for egg incubation. In this review, we qualitatively discuss key findings from literature in the compendium, including the phenotypic effects resulting from different patterns of thermally variable incubation, as well as the ontogenetic persistence of these effects. We also describe a physiological framework for contextualizing some of these effects, based on thermal performance theory. Lastly, we highlight key gaps in our understanding of thermally variable incubation and offer suggestions for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D Massey
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Hutchings
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Flødevigen Marine Research Station, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mener A, Runner RP, Michael KW, Boden SD. Spine Infections Reduced at Dedicated Orthopaedics and Spine Hospital. Int J Spine Surg 2020; 14:403-411. [PMID: 32699764 DOI: 10.14444/7053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies stratified postoperative infection risk by patient comorbidities. However, it is unclear whether the incidence varies by surgical approach in a specialized orthopaedic setting. This study aims to compare infection rates and microbiologic characteristics of postoperative spine infections requiring return to the operating room for debridement by hospital setting: a dedicated orthopaedic and spine hospital versus a general hospital serving multiple surgical specialties. Methods The study is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Procedures performed between March 2006 and August 2008 at the multispecialty university hospital were compared with cases at an orthopaedic specialty hospital from September 2008 through August 2016. The surgeons, residents, and patients were similar, but the operative venue changed in 2008. Results The overall general university hospital infection rate was 2.03%, higher than the overall infection rate at the dedicated orthopaedic and spine hospital of 1.31% (P < .0104). The general university infection rate was 2.27% in the final years of practice, compared with 0.91% at the dedicated orthopaedic and spine hospital (P < .0001) during a recent 2-year time frame. Demographic variables did not significantly differ between the 2 settings. The overall proportion of Gram-negative infection rates was not statistically different (21.7% vs 18.6%), despite an increased proportion of Gram-negative infections at the general university hospital following surgery from an anterior approach. Most of the organisms isolated in both facilities were Staphylococcus species. There was no difference in the seasonality of postoperative spine infections in either setting. Conclusions In transitioning from a multispecialty university hospital to a dedicated orthopaedic hospital, the incidence of postoperative spine infections was significantly reduced to 0.91%. Despite the change in venue, the proportion of Gram-negative infections (∼20%) following spine surgery did not significantly change. These results suggest improved infection rates during the course of the last 10 years with consistent proportions of Gram-negative infections. Level of Evidence 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Mener
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert P Runner
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Keith W Michael
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Scott D Boden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang S, Chang BX, Warner MJ, Weber TS, Bourbonnais AM, Santoro AE, Kock A, Sonnerup RE, Bullister JL, Wilson ST, Bianchi D. Global reconstruction reduces the uncertainty of oceanic nitrous oxide emissions and reveals a vigorous seasonal cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11954-60. [PMID: 32424089 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921914117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the global budget of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide ([Formula: see text]O) is limited by poor knowledge of the oceanic [Formula: see text]O flux to the atmosphere, of which the magnitude, spatial distribution, and temporal variability remain highly uncertain. Here, we reconstruct climatological [Formula: see text]O emissions from the ocean by training a supervised learning algorithm with over 158,000 [Formula: see text]O measurements from the surface ocean-the largest synthesis to date. The reconstruction captures observed latitudinal gradients and coastal hot spots of [Formula: see text]O flux and reveals a vigorous global seasonal cycle. We estimate an annual mean [Formula: see text]O flux of 4.2 ± 1.0 Tg N[Formula: see text], 64% of which occurs in the tropics, and 20% in coastal upwelling systems that occupy less than 3% of the ocean area. This [Formula: see text]O flux ranges from a low of 3.3 ± 1.3 Tg N[Formula: see text] in the boreal spring to a high of 5.5 ± 2.0 Tg N[Formula: see text] in the boreal summer. Much of the seasonal variations in global [Formula: see text]O emissions can be traced to seasonal upwelling in the tropical ocean and winter mixing in the Southern Ocean. The dominant contribution to seasonality by productive, low-oxygen tropical upwelling systems (>75%) suggests a sensitivity of the global [Formula: see text]O flux to El Niño-Southern Oscillation and anthropogenic stratification of the low latitude ocean. This ocean flux estimate is consistent with the range adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, but reduces its uncertainty by more than fivefold, enabling more precise determination of other terms in the atmospheric [Formula: see text]O budget.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ichiyanagi K, Ide K, Tanoue M. Seasonal variability of stable isotopes in precipitation and spring water around Mt Kimpo, Kumamoto, southwestern Japan. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2020; 56:149-157. [PMID: 32212871 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1745203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopes in precipitation and spring water were observed in a low mountain region, because seasonal variability in isotope altitude and amount effects based on their simultaneous observations in low latitude area have not been studied so much. Seasonal variability in spatial averages of monthly δ18O and d-excess in precipitation ranged from -11.96 to -5.16 ‰ and from 8.0 to 24.2 ‰, respectively, while those in spring water ranged from -7.64 to -7.18 ‰ and from 11.0 to 13.6 ‰. The seasonal variability in spatial average of monthly δ18O in precipitation was much wider than in spring water. Monthly isotopic composition in spring water was mostly plotted along the local meteoric water lines for precipitation in warm months, suggesting that precipitation in warm months is the main source of spring water. Annual isotope altitude effects in precipitation (-0.12 ‰/100 m) and spring water (-0.13 ‰/100 m) were almost the same, and monthly isotope amount effects for cold months (-7.9 to -0.9 ‰/100 mm) were relatively higher than those for the warm months (-12.0 to -9.6 ‰/100 mm). The isotope amount effect at each sampling sites appeared using only the data in the warm months without extreme weather.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimpei Ichiyanagi
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ide
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanoue
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Larqué-García H, Torres-Tapia LW, Vera-Ku M, Gamboa-León R, Novelo-Castilla S, Coral-Martínez TI, Peraza-Sánchez SR. Quantitative seasonal variation of the falcarinol-type polyacetylene (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol and its spatial tissue distribution in Tridax procumbens. Phytochem Anal 2020; 31:183-190. [PMID: 31343078 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION (3S)-16,17-Didehydrofalcarinol (1) has been isolated from Tridax procumbens and has proved to have notorious bioactivity against Leishmania mexicana. In this study, hexane fractions obtained from the methanol extract of each plant part (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits) of T. procumbens collected monthly during a year were analysed in order to determine the quantity of 1 associated with biotic variables. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to find the season of the year in which the bioactive metabolite 1 is at the highest concentration and to correlate it with temperature, length of day light, and rainfall. METHODS Hexane fractions were obtained by liquid-liquid extraction and an accurate quantitation of 1 was performed using gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) employing pelargonic acid vanillyl amide (2) as internal standard. Partial validation was based on linearity and precision. RESULTS Our results indicated that the total content of 1 has significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) during the different collecting months. The total content of the metabolite reached its highest level in the roots of the plant during June in the rainfall season (0.0358 ± 0.001 mg/g), and its lowest values in February and March during the drought season (0.0015 ± 0.000 and 0.0008 ± 0.000 mg/g, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study provided evidence that the content of 1 in roots is strongly influenced by the variables of the harvesting season, also indicating that the biosynthesis of the active metabolite is enhanced during the warm and rainy months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Larqué-García
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 #130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Luis W Torres-Tapia
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 #130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Marina Vera-Ku
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43 #130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rubí Gamboa-León
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP), Coordinación Huasteca Sur, Km. 5 Carretera Tamazunchale-San Martin, C.P. 79960, Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Salett Novelo-Castilla
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 #613, Col. Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Tania I Coral-Martínez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 #613, Col. Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Sergio R Peraza-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43 #130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dejmal K, Kolar P, Novotny J, Roubalova A. The Potential of Utilizing Air Temperature Datasets from Non-Professional Meteorological Stations in Brno and Surrounding Area. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19194172. [PMID: 31561481 PMCID: PMC6806159 DOI: 10.3390/s19194172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of individuals and institutions own or operate meteorological stations, but the resulting data are not yet commonly used in the Czech Republic. One of the main difficulties is the heterogeneity of measuring systems that puts in question the quality of outcoming data. Only after a thorough quality control of recorded data is it possible to proceed with for example a specific survey of variability of a chosen meteorological parameter in an urban or suburban region. The most commonly researched element in the given environment is air temperature. In the first phase, this paper focuses on the quality of data provided by amateur and institutional stations. The following analyses consequently work with already amended time series. Due to the nature of analyzed data and their potential use in the future it is opportune to assess the appropriateness of chronological and possibly spatial interpolation of missing values. The evaluation of seasonal variability of air temperature in the scale of Brno city and surrounding area in 2015–2017 demonstrates, that the enrichment of network of standard (professional) stations with new stations may significantly refine or even revise the current state of knowledge, for example in the case of urban heat island phenomena. A cluster analysis was applied in order to assess the impact of localization circumstances (station environment, exposition, etc.) as well as typological classification of the set of meteorological stations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Dejmal
- Department of Military Geography and Meteorology, University of Defence, Kounicova 65, Brno 66210, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Kolar
- Department of Military Geography and Meteorology, University of Defence, Kounicova 65, Brno 66210, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Novotny
- Department of Military Geography and Meteorology, University of Defence, Kounicova 65, Brno 66210, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Roubalova
- Department of Military Geography and Meteorology, University of Defence, Kounicova 65, Brno 66210, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Krzyżanowska-Kowalczyk J, Pecio Ł, Mołdoch J, Ludwiczuk A, Kowalczyk M. Novel Phenolic Constituents of Pulmonaria officinalis L. LC-MS/MS Comparison of Spring and Autumn Metabolite Profiles. Molecules 2018; 23:E2277. [PMID: 30200600 PMCID: PMC6225171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lungwort (Pulmonaria officinalis L., Boraginaceae) is considered to possess therapeutic properties and it has been traditionally used as a remedy against various lung disorders in many countries. Nevertheless, very few data concerning its phytochemical composition are available. This research aims to provide a detailed description of specialized metabolites from the aerial parts of lungwort. Nine previously undescribed and 36 known phenolic compounds were detected in the 50% methanolic extract. Following multistep preparative procedures, structures of newly discovered compounds were determined using one- and two-dimensional techniques of NMR spectroscopy. Among the identified compounds were caffeic acid esters with aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, conjugates of dicaffeic acid with rosmarinic acid, and previously unknown isomers of isosalvianolic acid A and yunnaneic acid E, as well as other lignans. Concentrations of all identified phenolic derivatives in the investigated herbal material were estimated using a method based on liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry detection. Seasonal changes in the concentration of metabolites were also investigated using targeted and untargeted metabolomics techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Krzyżanowska-Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Mołdoch
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Ludwiczuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Str.1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Martini M, Altomonte I, Licitra R, Salari F. Short communication: Technological and seasonal variations of vitamin D and other nutritional components in donkey milk. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:8721-8725. [PMID: 30055917 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism and also acts as a hormone. Although several studies on the content of vitamin D in bovine milk have been conducted, little information is available regarding donkey milk. In the context of the nutritional assessment of donkey milk, the aim of this study was to assess the vitamin D content in donkey milk and its chemical profile, with particular reference to seasonal and technological modifications after pasteurization. The study was conducted on a dairy farm that produces donkey milk for human consumption located in central Italy. At sampling time, an aliquot of total bulk milk production was sampled before and after pasteurization (63°C for 30 min without homogenization) with a total of 20 raw and 20 pasteurized milk samples. The samples were collected for 10 mo, every 15 d, from May to February 2017. All the samples were analyzed for the chemical composition and vitamin D2 and D3 content by HPLC after saponification. The donkey milk analyzed showed a higher average vitamin D content (raw milk: vitamin D2 = 1.68, vitamin D3 = 0.60 μg/100 mL; pasteurized milk: vitamin D2 = 1.38, vitamin D3 = 0.30 μg/100 mL) than reported for bovine and human milk. The results of the effect of pasteurization on milk did not highlight significant differences in the total content of vitamin D. However, vitamin D3 has a poor thermal stability, which led to a significant reduction in content in pasteurized milk compared with raw milk. The total vitamin D content of donkey milk did not show significant variations between seasons; however, a higher concentration of vitamin D3 was found in spring and summer. In conclusion, raw and pasteurized donkey milk showed a high content of vitamin D, which could be useful in meeting the deficiencies of this vitamin in humans. Further investigations are needed to improve the vitamin D content in donkey milk by increasing its endogenous synthesis or its transfer in milk and to clarify other variability factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Martini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Italy 56121; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute, Università di Pisa, Italy 56121
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rodríguez A, Tajuelo M, Rodríguez D, Seseña S, Ruiz P, Palop ML. Assessment of chemical and microbiological parameters of indoor swimming pool atmosphere using multiple comparisons. Indoor Air 2018; 28:676-688. [PMID: 29873109 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the air quality of an indoor swimming pool, analyzing diurnal and seasonal variations in microbiological counts and chemical parameters. The results indicated that yeast and bacteria counts, as well as carbon dioxide (CO2 ), nitrogen oxides (NOx ) and O3 concentrations, showed significant diurnal difference. On the other hand, temperature, relative humidity (R.H.), yeast counts and concentrations of CO2 , particles, O3 , toluene, and benzene showed seasonal differences. In addition, the relationship between indoor and outdoor air and the degree of correlation between the different parameters have been calculated, suggesting that CO2 , fine particles and NOx would have indoor origin due to the human activity and secondary reactions favored by the chemical and environmental conditions of the swimming pool; while O3 , benzene and toluene, would come from outside, mainly. The overall results indicated that indoor air quality (IAQ) in the swimming pool building was deficient by the high levels of CO2 and microorganisms, low temperatures, and high R.H., because frequently the limits established by the legislation were exceeded. This fact could be due to the poor ventilation and the inadequate operation of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Rodríguez
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - M Tajuelo
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - D Rodríguez
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - S Seseña
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - P Ruiz
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - M Ll Palop
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang Q, Yuan Q, Li T, Shen H, Zhang L. The Relationships between PM 2.5 and Meteorological Factors in China: Seasonal and Regional Variations. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:E1510. [PMID: 29206181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between PM2.5 and meteorological factors play a crucial role in air pollution analysis. However, previous studies that have researched the relationships between PM2.5 concentration and meteorological conditions have been mainly confined to a certain city or district, and the correlation over the whole of China remains unclear. Whether spatial and seasonal variations exist deserves further research. In this study, the relationships between PM2.5 concentration and meteorological factors were investigated in 68 major cities in China for a continuous period of 22 months from February 2013 to November 2014, at season, year, city, and regional scales, and the spatial and seasonal variations were analyzed. The meteorological factors were relative humidity (RH), temperature (TEM), wind speed (WS), and surface pressure (PS). We found that spatial and seasonal variations of their relationships with PM2.5 exist. Spatially, RH is positively correlated with PM2.5 concentration in north China and Urumqi, but the relationship turns to negative in other areas of China. WS is negatively correlated with PM2.5 everywhere except for Hainan Island. PS has a strong positive relationship with PM2.5 concentration in northeast China and mid-south China, and in other areas the correlation is weak. Seasonally, the positive correlation between PM2.5 concentration and RH is stronger in winter and spring. TEM has a negative relationship with PM2.5 in autumn and the opposite in winter. PS is more positively correlated with PM2.5 in autumn than in other seasons. Our study investigated the relationships between PM2.5 and meteorological factors in terms of spatial and seasonal variations, and the conclusions about the relationships between PM2.5 and meteorological factors are more comprehensive and precise than before. We suggest that the variations could be considered in PM2.5 concentration prediction and haze control to improve the prediction accuracy and policy efficiency.
Collapse
|
29
|
Bender IMA, Kissling WD, Böhning-Gaese K, Hensen I, Kühn I, Wiegand T, Dehling DM, Schleuning M. Functionally specialised birds respond flexibly to seasonal changes in fruit availability. J Anim Ecol 2017; 86:800-811. [PMID: 28493450 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between resource and consumer species result in complex ecological networks. The overall structure of these networks is often stable in space and time, but little is known about the temporal stability of the functional roles of consumer species in these networks. We used a trait-based approach to investigate whether consumers (frugivorous birds) show similar degrees of functional specialisation on resources (plants) in ecological networks across seasons. We additionally tested whether closely related bird species have similar degrees of functional specialisation and whether birds that are functionally specialised on specific resource types within a season are flexible in switching to other resource types in other seasons. We analysed four seasonal replicates of two species-rich plant-frugivore networks from the tropical Andes. To quantify fruit preferences of frugivorous birds, we projected their interactions with plants into a multidimensional plant trait space. To measure functional specialisation of birds, we calculated a species' functional niche breadth (the extent of seasonal plant trait space utilised by a particular bird) and functional originality (the extent to which a bird species' fruit preference functionally differs from those of other species in a seasonal network). We additionally calculated functional flexibility, i.e. the ability of bird species to change their fruit preference across seasons in response to variation in plant resources. Functional specialisation of bird species varied more among species than across seasons, and phylogenetically similar bird species showed similar degrees of functional niche breadth (phylogenetic signal λ = 0·81) and functional originality (λ = 0·89). Additionally, we found that birds with high functional flexibility across seasons had narrow functional niche breadth and high functional originality per season, suggesting that birds that are seasonally specialised on particular resources are most flexible in switching to other fruit resources across seasons. The high flexibility of functionally specialised bird species to switch seasonally to other resources challenges the view that consumer species rely on functionally similar resources throughout the year. This flexibility of consumer species may be an important, but widely neglected mechanism that could potentially stabilise consumer-resource networks in response to human disturbance and environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene M A Bender
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - W Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, POSTBUS 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Böhning-Gaese
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt (Main), Germany.,Institute for Ecology, Evolution & Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt, Biologicum, Max von Laue Str. 13, 60439, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Isabell Hensen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany.,Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiegand
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Matthias Dehling
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt (Main), Germany.,Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xiao W, Wen X, Wang W, Xiao Q, Xu J, Cao C, Xu J, Hu C, Shen J, Liu S, Lee X. Spatial distribution and temporal variability of stable water isotopes in a large and shallow lake. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2016; 52:443-454. [PMID: 26983027 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2016.1147442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopic compositions of lake water provide additional information on hydrological, meteorological and paleoclimate processes. In this study, lake water isotopic compositions were measured for more than three years in Lake Taihu, a large and shallow lake in southern China, to investigate the isotopic spatial and seasonal variations. The results indicated that (1) the whole-lake mean δ(2)H and δ(18)O values of the lake water varied seasonally from -48.4 ± 5.8 to -25.1 ± 3.2 ‰ and from -6.5 ± 0.9 to -3.5 ± 0.8 ‰, respectively, (2) the spatial pattern of the lake water isotopic compositions was controlled by the direction of water flow and not by local evaporation rate, and (3) using a one-site isotopic measurement to represent the whole-lake mean may result in unreasonable estimates of the isotopic composition of lake evaporation and the lake water residence time in poorly mixed lakes. The original data, documented here as an online supplement, provides a good reference for testing sensitivity of lake water budget to various isotopic sampling strategies. We propose that detailed spatial measurement of lake water isotopic compositions provides a good proxy for water movement and pollutant and alga transports, especially over big lakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- a Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment & Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology , Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefa Wen
- b Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- a Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment & Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology , Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Qitao Xiao
- a Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment & Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology , Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzheng Xu
- a Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment & Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology , Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Cao
- a Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment & Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology , Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaping Xu
- a Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment & Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology , Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Hu
- a Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment & Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology , Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shen
- a Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment & Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology , Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Shoudong Liu
- a Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment & Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology , Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Lee
- a Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment & Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology , Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
- c School of Forestry and Environmental Studies , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
MacDonald MC, Juran L, Jose J, Srinivasan S, Ali SI, Aronson KJ, Hall K. The impact of rainfall and seasonal variability on the removal of bacteria by a point-of-use drinking water treatment intervention in Chennai, India. Int J Environ Health Res 2015; 26:208-221. [PMID: 26405847 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2015.1089532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-use water treatment has received widespread application in the developing world to help mitigate waterborne infectious disease. This study examines the efficacy of a combined filter and chemical disinfection technology in removing bacterial contaminants, and more specifically changes in its performance resulting from seasonal weather variability. During a 12-month field trial in Chennai, India, mean log-reductions were 1.51 for E. coli and 1.67 for total coliforms, and the highest concentration of indicator bacteria in treated water samples were found during the monsoon season. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the microbial load of indicator organisms (coliforms and E. coli) between seasons, storage time since treatment (TST), and samples with and without chlorine residuals. Findings indicate that the bacteriological quality of drinking water treated in the home is determined by a complex interaction of environmental and sociological conditions. Moreover, while the effect of disinfection was independent of season, the impact of storage TST on water quality was found to be seasonally dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Juran
- b Department of Geography and Virginia Water Resources Research Center , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - Jincy Jose
- c Department of Civil Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai , India
| | - Sekar Srinivasan
- c Department of Civil Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai , India
| | - Syed I Ali
- a School of Engineering , University of Guelph , Guelph , Canada
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- d Department of Public Health Sciences , Queen's University , Kingston , ON , Canada
| | - Kevin Hall
- a School of Engineering , University of Guelph , Guelph , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Koutras A, Sakellakis M, Makatsoris T, Psachoulia C, Kardari M, Nikolakopoulos A, Gogos C, Kalofonos HP. Seasonal variability in the incidence of carcinomatous meningitis. J Neurosurg 2015; 122:543-6. [PMID: 25574572 DOI: 10.3171/2014.11.jns14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The aim of the study was to investigate whether there are seasonal differences in the occurrence of carcinomatous meningitis (CM), with a greater prevalence of the disease in months with higher temperatures. METHODS The authors searched the records of all patients with a diagnosis of CM from 1998 until 2013 at the University Hospital of Patras, Greece. The date of hospitalization was extracted for each patient. The cases were divided into 2 categories depending on the time of CM diagnosis. Based on the official data regarding the annual temperature distribution in this region, the authors divided the patients into 2 groups. The first group consisted of cases diagnosed with CM from October 15 to April 15 (cold climate and shorter daytime duration), whereas the second group comprised patients diagnosed between April 15 and October 15 (warm climate and longer daytime duration). RESULTS Overall, 44 confirmed cases of CM were found. The most common type of malignancy associated with the development of CM was breast cancer (27 patients), while the second most common tumor was lung carcinoma (11 patients). The median interval between the time of initial cancer diagnosis and CM was 4.5 years. Thirty-one patients were diagnosed with CM during the period between April 15 and October 15, while the remaining 13 patients developed CM between October 15 and April 15, a significant difference (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Significantly more patients developed CM during the warm season of the year. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence for the potential seasonal variability in CM incidence. However, these results should be validated prospectively in larger cohorts.
Collapse
|
33
|
Geiger C, Compaore G, Coulibaly B, Sie A, Dittmer M, Sanchez C, Lanzer M, Jänisch T. Substantial increase in mutations in the genes pfdhfr and pfdhps puts sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine-based intermittent preventive treatment for malaria at risk in Burkina Faso. Trop Med Int Health 2014; 19:690-697. [PMID: 24674355 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is widely used as intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) for malaria in pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa. There are reports of wide-spread SP resistance in countries where SP had once been used as a first-line treatment. It is unclear whether the development of SP resistance also affects countries where SP is mainly used in the context of IPT, as is the case in Burkina Faso. To assess the efficacy of SP-based IPT, we monitored the prevalence of SP conferring genetic mutations in the genes dhfr and dhps in Plasmodium falciparum populations in a rural area of Burkina Faso over a period of 13 years. METHODS Molecular epidemiological study consisted of six consecutive cross-sectional surveys of rainy and dry seasons (2009-2012). Data from the rainy season in 2000 served as a baseline. Mutations in dhfr and dhps associated with SP resistance were analysed by pyrosequencing in 861 parasite-positive samples. RESULTS The prevalence of the SP resistance conferring triple dhfr mutation 51I, 59R, 108N increased from 1.3% in the rainy season of 2000 to 35.3% in 2009, and 54.3% in 2011 (P ≤ 0.001). Comparing rainy and dry seasons, we observed an increasing step-like pattern with higher prevalence of the dhfr triple mutant in the respective dry season compared with the preceding rainy season. The proportion of the dhps 437Gly mutation in the rainy season of 2000 was 53.2% and subsequently increased to 77.6% in 2009 (P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION The increase in molecular markers linked with SP resistance jeopardises the efficacy of IPTp and the planned IPTi interventions in Burkina Faso, calling for careful monitoring of genotypic resistance markers and in vivo validation of IPT efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Geiger
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Ali Sie
- Centre de Recherche en Santé à Nouna, Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | - Martin Dittmer
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cecilia Sanchez
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Lanzer
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Jänisch
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The Vibrionaceae (Vibrio) are a ubiquitous group of metabolically flexible marine bacteria that play important roles in biogeochemical cycling in the ocean. Despite this versatility, little is known about Vibrio diversity and abundances in upwelling regions. The seasonal dynamics of Vibrio populations was examined by analysis of 16S rRNA genes in Monterey Bay (MB), California from April 2006-April 2008 at two long term monitoring stations, C1 and M2. Vibrio phylotypes within MB were diverse, with subpopulations clustering with several different cultured representatives including Allivibrio spp., Vibrio penaecida, and Vibrio splendidus as well as with many unidentified marine environmental bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Total Vibrio population abundances, as well as abundances of a Vibrio sp. subpopulation (MBAY Vib7) and an Allivibrio sp. subpopulation (MBAY Vib4) were examined in the context of environmental parameters from mooring station and CTD cast data. Total Vibrio populations showed some seasonal variability but greater variability was observed within the two subpopulations. MBAY Vib4 was negatively associated with MB upwelling indices and positively correlated with oceanic season conditions, when upwelling winds relax and warmer surface waters are present in MB. MBAY Vib7 was also negatively associated with upwelling indices and represented a deeper Vibrio sp. population. Correlation patterns suggest that larger oceanographic conditions affect the dynamics of the populations in MB, rather than specific environmental factors. This study is the first to target and describe the diversity and dynamics of these natural populations in MB and demonstrates that these populations shift seasonally within the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mansergh
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Zehr
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California at Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Maeda SS, Saraiva GL, Hayashi LF, Cendoroglo MS, Ramos LR, Corrêa MDP, Henrique de Mesquita C, Lazaretti-Castro M. Seasonal variation in the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of young and elderly active and inactive adults in São Paulo, Brazil: The São PAulo Vitamin D Evaluation Study (SPADES). Dermatoendocrinol 2014; 5:211-7. [PMID: 24494057 PMCID: PMC3897593 DOI: 10.4161/derm.24476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in individuals in the city of São Paulo belonging to different age groups and exhibiting specific behavioral characteristics and to correlate the 25(OH)D concentration with the level of UV radiation (UVR). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 591 individuals were included, distributed as follows: 177 were living in institutions (NURSING, 76.2 ± 9.0 y old), 243 were part of the community elderly (COMMUNITY, 79.6 ± 5.3 y old), 99 were enrolled in a physical activity program targeting the elderly (ACTIVE, 67.6 ± 5.4 y old) and 72 were young (YOUNG, 23.9 ± 2.8 y old). Blood samples from all individuals were collected throughout the year. UVR measurements were taken by an official meteorology institution. RESULTS The UVR values varied throughout the year, following a sinusoidal-like pattern. Because of the Earth's orbit, we hypothesized that there would be cyclic patterns for the 25(OH)D and UVR values that repeat every 12 mo. The general formula is represented by the equation P1+P2⋅sin(-2⋅π12⋅(t-P3)) The mean 25(OH)D concentration and the amplitude of the variation were significantly higher for the YOUNG and ACTIVE groups than for the COMMUNITY and NURSING groups. The nadir for UVR was in June, whereas the nadir for the 25(OH)D concentration was in the spring, corresponding to a delay of one season. CONCLUSIONS There was seasonal variation in the 25(OH)D concentration for all the groups studied; however, the amplitude of the variation was higher for the groups of young and physically active people, possibly due to the higher level of sunlight exposure for these groups. The lowest 25(OH)D concentration was detected in the spring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Setsuo Maeda
- Department of Medicine; Endocrinology; UNIFESP (Universidade Federal de São Paulo); São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Luporini Saraiva
- Department of Medicine; Endocrinology; UNIFESP (Universidade Federal de São Paulo); São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Fukusima Hayashi
- Department of Medicine; Endocrinology; UNIFESP (Universidade Federal de São Paulo); São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maysa Seabra Cendoroglo
- Department of Medicine; Geriatrics; UNIFESP (Universidade Federal de São Paulo); São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto Ramos
- Department of Preventive Medicine; UNIFESP (Universidade Federal de São Paulo); São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Department of Medicine; Endocrinology; UNIFESP (Universidade Federal de São Paulo); São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Niangaly H, Djimde AA, Traore B, Sangare CP, Guindo D, Konate D, Diakite M, Diallo N, Maïga-Ascofare O, Sogoba N, Dabo A, Doumbo OK. [ Seasonal variability of intestinal helminths and Schistosoma haematobium in a rural area of the Sahel in Mali]. Med Sante Trop 2012; 22:430-4. [PMID: 23360644 DOI: 10.1684/mst.2012.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminths and Schistosoma haematobium before and after the rainy season in Pongonon, Mali. METHODS Volunteers aged one year and above were included. The Kato-Katz method was used to detect eggs and cysts in stool samples, and Wattman filtration to detect S. haematobium eggs in urine samples. Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in July and November 2007. RESULTS In July (beginning of the rainy season), 304 volunteers were included; 278 were seen again in November (at the end of the rainy season). We found more intestinal helminths at the end of the rainy season (8.3%) compared to the beginning of the season (2.9%) (P = 0.01). There was no infection with S. haematobium in July but 7.6% in November (P < 0.001). The prevalence of intestinal helminths in children and adults was similar (P > 0.05), but the prevalence of infection with S. haematobium was higher in children aged 6 to 16 years (17/153) than in adults (2/74) (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Infections with helminth and S. Haematobium were both more prevalent at the end of the rainy season. Adults were infected as well as children and may constitute potential reservoirs of parasites. Effective control of these parasitic infections requires mass drug administration programs that take place during the seasons of high parasite egg excretion and that also include adult populations in some areas.
Collapse
|
37
|
Robic A, Sassi JF, Dion P, Lerat Y, Lahaye M. SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ULVAN IN TWO ULVA SPECIES (CHLOROPHYTA) FROM THE BRITTANY COAST(1). J Phycol 2009; 45:962-73. [PMID: 27034227 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal variability in the extraction yield, physicochemical characteristics, and rheological properties of ulvan from two Ulva species contributing to Brittany "green tides" has been studied. These seaweeds were collected in the water column for Ulva armoricana Dion, de Reviers et Coat and on hard substrata for Ulva rotundata Bliding. The maximum ulvan extraction efficiency was not related to the maximum ulvan content in the seaweeds, but with the active growth period of the seaweeds. Ulvan chemical structure, macromolecular characteristics, and rheological properties were affected by both species and seasons. The proportion of high-molecular-weight ulvan was the major factor positively correlated with the gelling properties. Characteristics of ulvan from U. rotundata subjected to tides were more affected by seasons than ulvan from U. armoricana living in a more constant environment. These results point to several useful recommendations concerning Ulva sp. biomass collected with regard to ulvan characteristics and uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Robic
- Centre d'Etudes et de Valorisation des Algues, Presqu'île de Pen Lan, BP3, 22610 Pleubian, France Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, UR1268, Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, FranceCentre d'Etudes et de Valorisation des Algues, Presqu'île de Pen Lan, BP3, 22610 Pleubian, FranceInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, UR1268, Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-François Sassi
- Centre d'Etudes et de Valorisation des Algues, Presqu'île de Pen Lan, BP3, 22610 Pleubian, France Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, UR1268, Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, FranceCentre d'Etudes et de Valorisation des Algues, Presqu'île de Pen Lan, BP3, 22610 Pleubian, FranceInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, UR1268, Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Dion
- Centre d'Etudes et de Valorisation des Algues, Presqu'île de Pen Lan, BP3, 22610 Pleubian, France Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, UR1268, Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, FranceCentre d'Etudes et de Valorisation des Algues, Presqu'île de Pen Lan, BP3, 22610 Pleubian, FranceInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, UR1268, Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Yannick Lerat
- Centre d'Etudes et de Valorisation des Algues, Presqu'île de Pen Lan, BP3, 22610 Pleubian, France Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, UR1268, Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, FranceCentre d'Etudes et de Valorisation des Algues, Presqu'île de Pen Lan, BP3, 22610 Pleubian, FranceInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, UR1268, Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Marc Lahaye
- Centre d'Etudes et de Valorisation des Algues, Presqu'île de Pen Lan, BP3, 22610 Pleubian, France Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, UR1268, Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, FranceCentre d'Etudes et de Valorisation des Algues, Presqu'île de Pen Lan, BP3, 22610 Pleubian, FranceInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, UR1268, Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Taylor RL, Abrahamsson K, Godhe A, Wängberg SÅ. SEASONAL VARIABILITY IN POLYUNSATURATED ALDEHYDE PRODUCTION POTENTIAL AMONG STRAINS OF SKELETONEMA MARINOI (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)(1). J Phycol 2009; 45:46-53. [PMID: 27033644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The cosmopolitan bloom-forming diatom Skeletonema marinoi Sarno et Zingone is known to produce toxic polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) in response to cell damage that can affect a diverse suite of organisms, including grazing species and competitor plankton species. The production of PUAs in nine different S. marinoi strains isolated at three different times of the year (spring, summer, and autumn) was assessed in relation to the predominant conditions at the time of isolation from Gullmar Fjord, Skagerrak. During the initial stages of growth, PUA production potential of S. marinoi was generally the highest in summer strains, although there was a substantial variation among strains isolated at the same time. Spring strains, however, showed a strong capacity for increased PUA production potential in later stage cultures with diminishing nutrient levels, reaching amounts similar to those observed in summer strains. In contrast, PUA production potentials of summer and autumn strains did not change significantly from the original values. There is negligible grazing pressure during the spring bloom in Gullmar Fjord, but a potential for high competition for resources, such as nutrients, toward the later stages of the bloom. In contrast, grazing pressure is much greater during summer and autumn, and there may also be nutrient limitation at this time. The PUA production potentials of S. marinoi appear to reflect the ecological conditions at the time of isolation with higher production potentials in strains isolated when conditions were likely to be less beneficial for survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Taylor
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg University, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, SwedenDepartment of Chemistry, Göteborg University, 412 96, Göteborg, SwedenDepartment of Marine Ecology, Göteborg University, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, SwedenDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg University, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Abrahamsson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg University, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, SwedenDepartment of Chemistry, Göteborg University, 412 96, Göteborg, SwedenDepartment of Marine Ecology, Göteborg University, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, SwedenDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg University, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anna Godhe
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg University, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, SwedenDepartment of Chemistry, Göteborg University, 412 96, Göteborg, SwedenDepartment of Marine Ecology, Göteborg University, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, SwedenDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg University, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sten-Åke Wängberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg University, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, SwedenDepartment of Chemistry, Göteborg University, 412 96, Göteborg, SwedenDepartment of Marine Ecology, Göteborg University, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, SwedenDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Göteborg University, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|