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Longkaew K, Gibaud A, Tessanan W, Daniel P, Phinyocheep P. Spherical CaCO 3: Synthesis, Characterization, Surface Modification and Efficacy as a Reinforcing Filler in Natural Rubber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4287. [PMID: 37959967 PMCID: PMC10648884 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR), an important natural polymer derived from the Hevea brasiliensis tree, has been widely used in the rubber industry owing to its excellent elastic properties. However, it requires reinforcing fillers to improve its mechanical properties for the manufacturing of rubber products. Generally, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is employed as a non-reinforcing filler. This work aimed to synthesize spherical-shaped CaCO3 at a submicrometric scale without and with surface treatment and explore its utilization as a reinforcing filler in NR composites. The morphological shape and polymorphic phase of CaCO3 were investigated using SEM, TEM, XRD, ATR-FTIR and Raman techniques. The mechanical properties of various amounts (0 to 60 phr) of CaCO3-filled NR composites were explored. As a result, the NR/treated CaCO3 composites provided higher tensile strength than the NR/untreated CaCO3 composites and pure NR at all filler loadings. This may have been due to the improved interfacial interaction between NR and CaCO3 with the improved hydrophobicity of CaCO3 after treatment with olive soap. The optimal filler loading was 20 phr for the highest tensile strength of the rubber composites. In addition, the elongation at break of the NR/treated CaCO3 was slightly decreased. Evidence from SEM and FTIR revealed the vaterite polymorph and shape stability of CaCO3 particles in the NR matrix. The results demonstrate that the particle size and surface treatment of the filler have essential effects on the mechanical property enhancement of the rubber composites. Synthesized spherical CaCO3 could be a potential reinforcing filler with broader application in polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khansinee Longkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.L.); (W.T.)
| | - Alain Gibaud
- Institute of Molecules and Materials of Le Mans (IMMM), UMR CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.G.); (P.D.)
| | - Wasan Tessanan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.L.); (W.T.)
| | - Philippe Daniel
- Institute of Molecules and Materials of Le Mans (IMMM), UMR CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.G.); (P.D.)
| | - Pranee Phinyocheep
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.L.); (W.T.)
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Jung JH, Kim JK, Kim T, Kim DK. Newly Appearing Hepatic Lesion After Curative Surgery For Colorectal Cancer: Single-phase CT Findings Implying Metastasis. Curr Med Imaging 2022:CMIR-EPUB-126209. [PMID: 36082860 DOI: 10.2174/1573405618666220907162616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients treated with curative surgery for colorectal cancer, the single-phase (portal phase) abdomen-pelvic computed tomography (CT) follow-up is routinely performed to detect any recurrent lesions. OBJECTIVE To evaluate CT features implying metastasis in newly appearing hepatic lesions on single-phase CT after colorectal cancer surgery. METHOD Of 1,227 patients who underwent curative colorectal surgery between 2011 and 2014, 267 patients with new hepatic lesions on follow-up single-phase CT (metastasis, n=192; benign, n=75) were included. The CT features of the hepatic lesions were analyzed by two radiologists, retrospectively, and clinical information including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level was also reviewed. The risk factors for hepatic metastasis were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS In this study, independent CT features associated with metastasis were spherical shape (p < 0.001), circumscribed margin (p = 0.021), heterogeneous attenuation (p = 0.024) and bulging appearance (p = 0.007). Among the clinical factors, increased CEA level (p = 0.013), higher preoperative stage (p = 0.014) and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.003) were associated with metastasis. However, on multivariable analysis, spherical shape was the only significant predictive factor for hepatic metastasis. The diagnostic performance of 'spherical shape' for detection of hepatic metastasis showed accuracy of 84.6%, sensitivity of 83.9%, and specificity of 86.7%. CONCLUSION Specific single-phase CT features could be useful in distinguishing hepatic metastasis from benign, resulting in continuing routine CT follow-up without liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when metastasis is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyeop Jung
- Department of Radiology, the Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, 13574, Korea
| | - Jin Kyem Kim
- Department of Radiology, the Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, 13574, Korea
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of Radiology, the Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, 13574, Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Radiology, the Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, 13574, Korea
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Pappa T, Ahmadi S, Bikas A, Hwang S, Coleman A, Lobon I, Xiang P, Kim M, Marqusee E, Richman DM, Durfee SM, Asch EH, Benson CB, Frates MC, Landa I, Alexander EK. Thyroid Nodule Shape Independently Predicts Risk of Malignancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1865-1870. [PMID: 35439309 PMCID: PMC9202719 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Predictive models of thyroid nodule cancer risk are presently based upon nodule composition, echogenicity, margins, and the presence of microcalcifications. Nodule shape has shown promise to be an additive factor helping determine the need for nodule biopsy. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine if calculation of a nodule's spherical shape independently associates with cancer risk. METHODS This prospective cohort study, conducted at a single large academic healthcare system in the United States, included patients with 1 or 2 clinically relevant thyroid nodules (predominantly solid and over 1 cm) presenting for diagnostic evaluation. Thyroid ultrasound, cytological evaluation with fine-needle biopsy, and/or histopathological examination on occasion of thyroid surgery were performed. We calculated the nodule's long to short ratio (spherical shape), and its association with tissue proven benign or malignant endpoints. RESULTS The long to short nodule ratio was significantly lower in malignant compared to benign nodules indicating greater risk of malignancy in more spherical nodules (1.63 ± 0.38 for malignant nodules vs 1.74 ± 0.47 for benign, P < 0.0001). The risk of malignancy continually increased as the long to short ratio approached a purely spherical ratio of 1.0 (ratio > 2.00, 14.6% cancer; ratio 1.51-2.00, 19.7%; ratio 1.00-1.50, 25.5%, P < 0.0001). In multiple regression analysis, younger age, male sex, and nodule's spherical shape were each independently associated with cancer risk. CONCLUSION The more a thyroid nodule is spherically shaped, as indicated by a long to short ratio approaching 1.0, the greater its risk of malignancy. This was independent of age, sex, and nodule size. Incorporating a nodule's sphericity in the risk stratification systems may improve individualized clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Pappa
- Correspondence: Theodora Pappa, MD, PhD, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | - Athanasios Bikas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sally Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Coleman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabel Lobon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pingping Xiang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen Marqusee
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sara M Durfee
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Asch
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carol B Benson
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary C Frates
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iñigo Landa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erik K Alexander
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Sharma D, Ledwani L, Kumar N, Pervaiz N, Mehrotra T, Kumar R. Structural and physicochemical properties of Rheum emodi mediated Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticles and their antibacterial and cytotoxic potential. IET Nanobiotechnol 2020; 14:858-863. [PMID: 33399119 PMCID: PMC8676038 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2019.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, Rheum emodi roots extract mediated magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles [Mg(OH)2 NPs] through the bio-inspired experimental technique were synthesised. Mg(OH)2 NPs were characterised by using various characterisation techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The formation of Mg(OH)2 NPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The structural analysis confirmed the hexagonal crystal symmetry of Mg(OH)2 NPs with space group P-3m1 and space group no. 164 using the Rietveld refinement technique. TEM micrographs illustrated the nano-size formation of Mg(OH)2 NPs of spherical shape and size ∼14.86 nm. With the aid of FTIR data, plant metabolites such as anthraquinones have been identified as a stabilising and reducing agent for the synthesis of biogenic Mg(OH)2 NPs. The synthesised Mg(OH)2 NPs showed antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria such as Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naveen Kumar
- Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Naveed Pervaiz
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Tarang Mehrotra
- College of Professional Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Morita Y, Okumura M, Narumi I, Nishida H. Sensitivity of Deinococcus grandis rodZ deletion mutant to calcium ions results in enhanced spheroplast size. AIMS Microbiol 2019; 5:176-185. [PMID: 31384711 PMCID: PMC6642908 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2019.2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RodZ is a cytoskeletal protein associated with bacterial cell shape. It is a transmembrane protein located on the plasma membrane, and it binds to another cytoskeletal protein MreB. Deinococcus grandis contains a rodZ homolog. Although D. grandis is rod-shaped, it becomes spherical in shape when the rodZ homolog is disrupted. The rodZ deletion mutant was treated with lysozyme to generate spheroplasts. The spheroplasts enlarged in medium containing calcium chloride and penicillin. The rodZ deletion mutant spheroplasts were more sensitive to calcium ions than wild type. Cell and cytoplasm sizes of enlarged spheroplasts of the rodZ deletion mutant tended to be larger than those of wild type. Thus, disruption of rodZ enhances plasma and outer membrane expansion in D. grandis spheroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Morita
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Mai Okumura
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Issay Narumi
- Radiation Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nishida
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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Singh D, Kumar V, Yadav E, Falls N, Singh M, Komal U, Verma A. One-pot green synthesis and structural characterisation of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaves extract of Carissa carandas: antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial activities. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:748-756. [PMID: 30104448 PMCID: PMC8676503 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an aqueous extract of Carissa carandas (C. carandas) leaves was studied. Fabrication of AgNPs was confirmed by the UV-visible spectroscopy which gives absorption maxima at 420 nm. C. carandas leaves are the rich source of the bioactive molecules, acts as a reducing and stabilising agent in AgNPs, confirmed by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. The field emission scanning electron microscope revealed the spherical shape of biosynthesised AgNPs. A distinctive peak of silver at 3 keV was determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction showed the facecentred cubic structure of biosynthesised AgNPs and thermal stability was confirmed by the thermogravimetric analysis. Total flavonoid and total phenolic contents were evaluated in biosynthesised AgNPs. Biosynthesised AgNPs showed free radical scavenging activities against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. In vitro cytotoxicity against hepatic cell lines (HUH-7) and renal cell lines (HEK-293) were also assessed. Finally, biosynthesised AgNPs were scrutinised for their antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sonnei, Shigella boydii and Salmonella typhimurium. This study demonstrated the biofabrication of AgNPs by using C. carandas leaves extract and a potential in vitro biological application as antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, UP 211007, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, UP 211007, India
| | - Ekta Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, UP 211007, India
| | - Neha Falls
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, UP 211007, India
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Department of Computer Sciences, HMFA Institute of Engineering and Technology, Handia, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Ujendra Komal
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Amita Verma
- Bio-organic & Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, UP 211007, India
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Allafchian AR, Jalali SAH, Aghaei F, Farhang HR. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Curtis extract and evaluation of its antibacterial activity. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:574-578. [PMID: 30095415 PMCID: PMC8676330 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The metal nanoparticles, due to interesting features such as electrical, optical, chemical and magnetic properties, have been investigated repeatedly. Also, the mentioned nanoparticles have specific uses in terms of their antibacterial activity. The biosynthesis method is more appropriate than the chemical method for producing the nanoparticles because it does not need any special facilities; it is also economically affordable. In the current study, the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained by using a very simple and low-cost method via Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Curtis plant extract. The characteristics of the AgNPs were investigated using techniques including: X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The SEM and TEM images showed that the nanoparticles had a spherical shape, and the mean diameter of them was 53.7 and 45 nm, respectively. The results of the disc diffusion test used for measuring the anti-bacterial activity of the synthesised nanoparticles indicated that the formed nanoparticles possessed a suitable anti-bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Allafchian
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Farzane Aghaei
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Farhang
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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Das M, Mondal A, Patowary K, Malipeddi H. Biosynthesis of AgNPs using aqueous leaf extract of Ipomoea eriocarpa and their anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced paw edema in male Wistar rats. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:225-229. [PMID: 28476977 PMCID: PMC8676364 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesised from aqueous Ag nitrate through a simple, competent and eco-friendly method using the leaf extract of Ipomoea eriocarpa as reducing as well as capping agent. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of AgNPs which displayed the substantiation of surface plasmon bands at 425 nm. The NPs were also characterised using Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction method, transmission electron microscope and zeta potential. The characterisation study confirmed the formation of AgNPs, their spherical shape and average diameter of 12.85 ± 8.65 nm. Zeta potential value of -20.5 mV suggested that the AgNPs are stable in the suspension. The aqueous extract and the AgNPs were further screened for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw edema in male Wistar rats. The study demonstrated that the AgNPs (1 ml kg-1) had a significant (p < 0.05) anti-edemic effect and inhibition was observed from the first hour (21.31 ± 1.34) until the sixth hour (52.67 ± 1.41), when the inhibitory effect was greatest and superior to the aqueous extract and the standard, diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonjit Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashaparna Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaustuvmani Patowary
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781 035, Assam, India
| | - Himaja Malipeddi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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