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Bozkurt B, Ulkar D, Nurlu N, Coban G, Gumus ZP, Unver-Somer N. Variability of Isoquinoline Alkaloid Profiles and Anticholinesterase Activities with Binding-Mode Predictions of Glaucium flavum Population. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301865. [PMID: 38415909 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, phytochemical and biological activity studies supported by docking were carried out on a species of the genus Glaucium, a repository of isoquinoline alkaloids. The GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) method is used to characterize the isoquinoline alkaloids of Glaucium flavum Crantz. (Papaveraceae). G. flavum was collected from seven different regions of Türkiye (Antalya, Urla-Izmir, Mordogan-Izmir, Mugla, Assos-Canakkale, Karabiga-Canakkale, Giresun) and totally 17 compounds were detected by GC-MS. Glaucine was found to be the major constituent in the sample collected from Mugla, whereas isocorydine was recorded to be the principal alkaloid in other samples. Further fractionation studies on G. flavum collected from Antalya province in Southwestern Türkiye, yielded five major alkaloids (isocorydine 1, dihydrosanguinarine 2, glaucine 3, dehydroglaucine 4, protopine 5) which were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Anticholinesterase activities of the extracts and isolated alkaloids were also tested by in vitro Ellman method. The isolated compounds were also analyzed by a molecular docking technique to determine the binding orientations in the gorge of the active site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and a homology model of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). This is the first comparative investigation of the phytochemical composition and biodiversity of Glaucium flavum species growing in Türkiye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Bozkurt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Duygu Ulkar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Necati Nurlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Gunes Coban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Zinar Pinar Gumus
- Ege University, Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center (EGE-MATAL), Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Nehir Unver-Somer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Türkiye
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Ou Z, Luo J, Qu Y. Exploring the molecular mechanism of coloration differences in two Meconopsis wilsonii subspecies: australis and orientalis. Dev Biol 2024; 505:1-10. [PMID: 37838025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Flower color diversity is a key taxonomic trait in Meconopsis species, enhancing their appeal as ornamental flowers. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of flower color formation in Meconopsis species is still limited. M. wilsonii subsp. australis (Australis) and M. wilsonii subsp. orientalis (Orientalis) have a developmental stage presenting red-purple flowers, while Orientalis also presents blue coloration at the full-bloom period, making them an important model for exploring the mechanism of blue flower formation in M. wilsonii. In this study, we collected petals from Australis and Orientalis at different developmental stages to compare the coloration differences between the two species and detect the molecular mechanisms of blue color in Orientalis. We identified that cyanidin was the main anthocyanin in the flowers of both species, and the blue color in Orientalis primarily arises from anthocyanins (Cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside). RNA sequencing analysis was performed to detect the gene expression in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, and the results suggested that gene regulation for anthocyanin biosynthesis may not be the direct reason for blue color formation in Orientalis. In addition, the growth solid of Orientalis was rich in Fe and Mg ions, and a large amount of Fe and Mg ions accumulated in the petals of Orientalis. Combined with the gene functional enrichment results, we found that the purple and red-purple colors of these two species were presented by different glycosylation levels of cyanidin, while the violet color of Orientalis might be the results of metalloanthocyanins by Fe and Mg ions, which also relieved the toxicity caused by the high content of Fe and Mg ions in its cells. The environmental adaptation-related genes were highly expressed of in both species, such as adaptation to desiccation, water deprivation, freezing, etc. Our results revealed the coloration differences between Australis and Orientalis and described the molecular mechanisms of blue coloration in Orientalis. The data in our analysis could enrich the genetic resources for M. wilsonii for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ou
- Southwest Engineering and Technology Research Center of Landscape Architecture (National Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Southwest Engineering and Technology Research Center of Landscape Architecture (National Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Southwest Engineering and Technology Research Center of Landscape Architecture (National Forestry and Grassland Administration), Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China.
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Wang XJ, Lv XQ, Zhu QQ, Zhang XH. Diversity of staminal nectariferous appendages in disymmetric and zygomorphic flowers of Fumarioideae (Papaveraceae). Protoplasma 2023; 260:1453-1467. [PMID: 37156937 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Staminal nectaries show diversity in their position, size, shape, color, and number in Ranunculales. In Papaveraceae, nectaries only appear at the base of stamen in these lineages with disymmetric and zygomorphic flowers. However, the diversity of the staminal nectaries' developmental characteristics and structure is unknown. The diversity of staminal nectaries of Hypecoum erectum, Ichtyoselmis macrantha, Adlumia asiatica, Dactylicapnos torulosa, Corydalis edulis, and Fumaria officinalis (six species belonging to six genera, respectively) in the Fumarioideae was investigated under scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. In all species studied, according to the developmental characteristics of the nectaries, four developmental stages can be divided into initiation, enlargement, differentiation, and maturation, and the number of nectaries can be determined at the stage of initiation (stage 1), and morphological differentiation occurs at the developmental stage 3. The staminal nectaries consist of secretory epidermis, parenchyma tissue, and phloem with some sieve tube elements reaching the secretory parenchyma cells; however, the number of cell layers of parenchyma can vary from 30 to 40 in I. macrantha and D. torulosa, to only 5 to 10 like in F. officinalis. Secretory epidermis cells are larger than secretory parenchyma cells with abundant microchannels on the outer cell wall. There were abundant mitochondria, Golgi bodies, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and plastids in secretory parenchyma cells. Nectar is stored in the intercellular space and exuded to the exterior via microchannels. In A. asiatica, according to the evidence of small secretory cell characteristics such as dense cytoplasm, and numerous mitochondria, together with the filamentous secretions present on the surface of epidermal cells on groove, it can be inferred that the U-shaped sulcate which is located in the white projection formed at the filament of triplets in A. asiatica is nectariferous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jia Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xu-Qian Lv
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Qing-Qing Zhu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
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Xu Z, Li Z, Ren F, Gao R, Wang Z, Zhang J, Zhao T, Ma X, Pu X, Xin T, Rombauts S, Sun W, Van de Peer Y, Chen S, Song J. The genome of Corydalis reveals the evolution of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in Ranunculales. Plant J 2022; 111:217-230. [PMID: 35476217 PMCID: PMC7614287 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Species belonging to the order Ranunculales have attracted much attention because of their phylogenetic position as a sister group to all other eudicot lineages and their ability to produce unique yet diverse benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs). The Papaveraceae family in Ranunculales is often used as a model system for studying BIA biosynthesis. Here, we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of Corydalis tomentella, a species of Fumarioideae, one of the two subfamilies of Papaveraceae. Based on comparisons of sequenced Ranunculalean species, we present clear evidence of a shared whole-genome duplication (WGD) event that has occurred before the divergence of Ranunculales but after its divergence from other eudicot lineages. The C. tomentella genome enabled us to integrate isotopic labeling and comparative genomics to reconstruct the BIA biosynthetic pathway for both sanguinarine biosynthesis shared by papaveraceous species and the cavidine biosynthesis that is specific to Corydalis. Also, our comparative analysis revealed that gene duplications, especially tandem gene duplications, underlie the diversification of BIA biosynthetic pathways in Ranunculales. In particular, tandemly duplicated berberine bridge enzyme-like genes appear to be involved in cavidine biosynthesis. In conclusion, our study of the C. tomentella genome provides important insights into the occurrence of WGDs during the early evolution of eudicots, as well as into the evolution of BIA biosynthesis in Ranunculales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Fengming Ren
- Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing 408435, China
| | - Ranran Gao
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Xiangdong Pu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianyi Xin
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Stephane Rombauts
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Corresponding Authors: Jingyuan Song (), Shilin Chen (), and Yves Van de Peer ()
| | - Shilin Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing 100700, China
- Corresponding Authors: Jingyuan Song (), Shilin Chen (), and Yves Van de Peer ()
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong 666100, China
- Corresponding Authors: Jingyuan Song (), Shilin Chen (), and Yves Van de Peer ()
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He L, Su R, Chen Y, Zeng P, Du L, Cai B, Zhang A, Zhu H. Integration of manganese accumulation, subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and physiological responses to understand manganese tolerance in Macleaya cordata. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:39017-39026. [PMID: 35306649 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. are proposed for the application in phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. In this paper, the physiological response, subcellular distribution, chemical form, ultrastructure, and manganese (Mn) absorption characteristics of M. cordata under the stress of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 mmol/L manganese concentration were studied by sand culture experiment. The results showed that M. cordata seedlings show high tolerance to Mn stress with a concentration of less than 6 mmol/L, while higher Mn concentration showed a significant toxic effect. A low concentration of Mn (≤ 6 mmol/L) can promote the synthesis of chlorophyll and soluble protein; furthermore, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities responded positively. The accumulation of Mn in the inactive metabolic part (cell wall and vacuole) of M. cordata leaves might be one of the main Mn detoxification mechanism. According to the ultrastructure of M. cordata, high-concentration Mn2+ (≥ 12 mmol/L) stress can cause M. cordata cells to be distorted and deformed, black precipitates appeared in the intercellular space, mitochondria decrease, chloroplasts shrink, hungry particles increased, and starch granules decrease. The uptake ability of different tissues for Mn is leaf > root > stem, and transport coefficient decreases with the increase of Mn concentration. Clearly, M. cordata has a certain tolerance to manganese, which has the ecological application potential in Mn-polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langjun He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongkui Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Aoshan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
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Dudek B, Warskulat AC, Vogel H, Wielsch N, Menezes RC, Hupfer Y, Paetz C, Gebauer-Jung S, Svatoš A, Schneider B. An Integrated-Omics/Chemistry Approach Unravels Enzymatic and Spontaneous Steps to Form Flavoalkaloidal Nudicaulin Pigments in Flowers of Papaver nudicaule L. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084129. [PMID: 33923591 PMCID: PMC8073789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flower colour is an important trait for plants to attract pollinators and ensure their reproductive success. Among yellow flower pigments, the nudicaulins in Papaver nudicaule L. (Iceland poppy) are unique due to their rarity and unparalleled flavoalkaloid structure. Nudicaulins are derived from pelargonidin glycoside and indole, products of the flavonoid and indole/tryptophan biosynthetic pathway, respectively. To gain insight into the molecular and chemical basis of nudicaulin biosynthesis, we combined transcriptome, differential gel electrophoresis (DIGE)-based proteome, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)-based metabolome data of P. nudicaule petals with chemical investigations. We identified candidate genes and proteins for all biosynthetic steps as well as some key metabolites across five stages of petal development. Candidate genes of amino acid biosynthesis showed a relatively stable expression throughout petal development, whereas most candidate genes of flavonoid biosynthesis showed increasing expression during development followed by downregulation in the final stage. Notably, gene candidates of indole-3-glycerol-phosphate lyase (IGL), sharing characteristic sequence motifs with known plant IGL genes, were co-expressed with flavonoid biosynthesis genes, and are probably providing free indole. The fusion of indole with pelargonidin glycosides was retraced synthetically and promoted by high precursor concentrations, an excess of indole, and a specific glycosylation pattern of pelargonidin. Thus, nudicaulin biosynthesis combines the enzymatic steps of two different pathways with a spontaneous fusion of indole and pelargonidin glycoside under precisely tuned reaction conditions.
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Li Y, Winzer T, He Z, Graham IA. Over 100 Million Years of Enzyme Evolution Underpinning the Production of Morphine in the Papaveraceae Family of Flowering Plants. Plant Commun 2020; 1:100029. [PMID: 32685922 PMCID: PMC7357826 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenomic analysis of whole genome sequences of five benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA)-producing species from the Ranunculales and Proteales orders of flowering plants revealed the sequence and timing of evolutionary events leading to the diversification of these compounds. (S)-Reticuline is a pivotal intermediate in the synthesis of many BIAs and our analyses revealed parallel evolution between the two orders, which diverged ∼122 million years ago (MYA). Berberine is present in species across the entire Ranunculales, and we found co-evolution of genes essential for production of the protoberberine class. The benzophenanthridine class, which includes the antimicrobial compound sanguinarine, is specific to the Papaveraceae family of Ranunculales, and biosynthetic genes emerged after the split with the Ranunculaceae family ∼110 MYA but before the split of the three Papaveraceae species used in this study at ∼77 MYA. The phthalideisoquinoline noscapine and morphinan class of BIAs are exclusive to the opium poppy lineage. Ks estimation of paralogous pairs indicates that morphine biosynthesis evolved more recently than 18 MYA in the Papaver genus. In the preceding 100 million years gene duplication, neofunctionalization and recruitment of additional enzyme classes, combined with gene clustering, gene fusion, and gene amplification, resulted in emergence of medicinally valuable BIAs including morphine and noscapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK
| | - Thilo Winzer
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK
| | - Zhesi He
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK
| | - Ian A. Graham
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK
- Corresponding author
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Pan G, Zhang H, Liu W, Liu P. Integrative study of subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and physiological responses for understanding manganese tolerance in the herb Macleaya cordata (papaveraceae). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 181:455-462. [PMID: 31228821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Macleaya cordata is a perennial herb, a candidate phytoremediation plant with high biomass and manganese (Mn) tolerance. To study the mechanism underlying its Mn adaptability, Mn2+ at various concentrations (0, 1000, 5000, 10000, 15000, and 20000 μM) were applied to M. cordata to investigate the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Mn, as well as the resulting physiological and biochemical changes by pot culture experiment under natural light in a greenhouse. According to our results, Mn level in M. cordata increased with exogenous Mn concentrations; and Mn contents in different tissues exhibited a leaf > root > stem pattern. Meanwhile, biomass and the level of photosynthetic pigments increased at lower Mn concentrations but declined as Mn concentration further ascended. Subcellular distribution analysis revealed that Mn was sequestered in cell wall and vacuole; in addition, it was incorporated into pectates and protein, phosphates, and oxalates. These findings revealed a possible effective strategy for M. cordata to reduce Mn mobility and toxicity. Moreover, a continuous boost in the level of malondialdehyde was observed with Mn gradient; whereas contents of soluble proteins and proline, and the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were initially increased and then dropped. Altogether, these results indicated that most Mn was trapped in the cell wall and soluble fractions in low toxicity forms such as pectates and protein, phosphates, and oxalates. These strategies, that is functioning cooperatively with the well-coordinated antioxidant defense systems and the non-enzymatic metabolites, confer strong resistance to Mn in M. cordata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Pan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Heping Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China.
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Changsha, 410004, PR China
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Sun M, Zhao L, Wang K, Han L, Shan J, Wu L, Xue X. Rapid identification of "mad honey" from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. and Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br using UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Food Chem 2019; 294:67-72. [PMID: 31126506 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cases of honey poisoning have been reported widely, meaning there is a need for methods that detect "mad honey" or honey contaminated with plant-derived toxins to protect human health. In this study, we compared whole flower extracts and honey from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TwHf) and Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br (McRB) using QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS). The results revealed several compounds common to whole flowers and honey samples. Triptolide and protopine were selected as potential markers for identifying "mad honeys" from these plants. The developed method can easily detect different honey varieties that were spiked with 5% TwHf and McRB honey samples. Additionally, 90 commercial honey samples were analyzed and determined as free from contamination. The method described in this report could be useful for studies on honey from other poisonous nectar and pollen plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Sun
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lida Han
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jihao Shan
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093, China.
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Wang J, Wang X, Li J, Zhang H, Xia Y, Chen C, Shen Z, Chen Y. Several newly discovered Mo-enriched plants with a focus on Macleaya cordata. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:26493-26503. [PMID: 29987470 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation as an alternative strategy has been a widespread attention. The screening of enriched plants and hyperaccumulators is the key of the strategy. So this study examined the status of heavy metal pollution in molybdenum (Mo) mine soils, metal accumulation in plants growing on mine, and their tolerance strategies. The analysis of 14 soils and 27 plant samples in mining area showed that Mo, zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations exceeded soil safety standards and their levels varied in 27 plant samples. Mo was the heavy pollution with an average total content of 256.1 mg/kg in soils. As Mo-enriched plants, Mo concentrations of Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. and Morus australis Poir. were 704.4 and 772.4 mg/kg, respectively. M. cordata was selected as the research material, due to its high biomass. Molybdenum significantly decreased the biomass and photosynthesis of M. cordata at high concentration (> 200 μmol/L), but its biomass and photosynthesis reached the maximum after 50 μmol/L Mo treatment, respectively. Analysis of the subcellular distribution and chemical speciation showed that Mo was distributed a certain way in the extracts and that this suggested that it may be present in cell wall and soluble fraction of roots (51.9-63.9%; 26.1-44.7%) or shoots (30.0-44.4%; 47.3-56.0%) and complexed to organic acid, pectate, oxalate, and protein. This might be responsible for the adaptation of M. cordata to Mo stress. Therefore, M. cordata could serve as a potential plant to utilize for the phytoremediation of Mo-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jike Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiao Zhang
- College of Agricultural, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Huang P, Xia L, Liu W, Jiang R, Liu X, Tang Q, Xu M, Yu L, Tang Z, Zeng J. Hairy root induction and benzylisoquinoline alkaloid production in Macleaya cordata. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11986. [PMID: 30097605 PMCID: PMC6086913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sanguinarine is currently widely used to replace antibiotic growth promoters in animal feeding and has demonstrated useful anticancer activity. Currently, the main source of sanguinarine is from an important medicinal plant, Macleaya cordata. To obtain a new source of sanguinarine production, we established hairy root cultures of M. cordata by co-cultivating leaf and stem explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Except the co-cultivation medium, all growth media contained 200 mg/L timentin to eliminate A. rhizogenes. Through comparing the metabolic profiles and gene expression of hairy roots and wild-type roots sampled at five time points, we found that the sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine contents of hairy roots were far higher than those of wild-type roots, and we revealed the molecular mechanism that causes these metabolites to increase. Consequently, this study demonstrated that the hairy root system has further potential for bioengineering and sustainable production of sanguinarine on a commercial scale. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first efficient protocol reported for the establishment of hairy root cultures in M. cordata using A. rhizogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Liqiong Xia
- School of pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Center of Analytic Service, Hunan Agriculture University, 410208, Changsha, China
| | - Ruolan Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xiubin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Center of Analytic Service, Hunan Agriculture University, 410208, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Min Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Linlan Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | | | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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12
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Huang P, Xia L, Liu W, Jiang R, Liu X, Tang Q, Xu M, Yu L, Tang Z, Zeng J. Hairy root induction and benzylisoquinoline alkaloid production in Macleaya cordata. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 30097605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30560-30560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sanguinarine is currently widely used to replace antibiotic growth promoters in animal feeding and has demonstrated useful anticancer activity. Currently, the main source of sanguinarine is from an important medicinal plant, Macleaya cordata. To obtain a new source of sanguinarine production, we established hairy root cultures of M. cordata by co-cultivating leaf and stem explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Except the co-cultivation medium, all growth media contained 200 mg/L timentin to eliminate A. rhizogenes. Through comparing the metabolic profiles and gene expression of hairy roots and wild-type roots sampled at five time points, we found that the sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine contents of hairy roots were far higher than those of wild-type roots, and we revealed the molecular mechanism that causes these metabolites to increase. Consequently, this study demonstrated that the hairy root system has further potential for bioengineering and sustainable production of sanguinarine on a commercial scale. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first efficient protocol reported for the establishment of hairy root cultures in M. cordata using A. rhizogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Liqiong Xia
- School of pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Center of Analytic Service, Hunan Agriculture University, 410208, Changsha, China
| | - Ruolan Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xiubin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Center of Analytic Service, Hunan Agriculture University, 410208, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Min Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Linlan Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | | | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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Allafchian AR, Jalali SAH, Aghaei F, Farhang HR. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Curtis extract and evaluation of its antibacterial activity. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:574-578. [PMID: 30095415 PMCID: PMC8676330 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The metal nanoparticles, due to interesting features such as electrical, optical, chemical and magnetic properties, have been investigated repeatedly. Also, the mentioned nanoparticles have specific uses in terms of their antibacterial activity. The biosynthesis method is more appropriate than the chemical method for producing the nanoparticles because it does not need any special facilities; it is also economically affordable. In the current study, the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained by using a very simple and low-cost method via Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Curtis plant extract. The characteristics of the AgNPs were investigated using techniques including: X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The SEM and TEM images showed that the nanoparticles had a spherical shape, and the mean diameter of them was 53.7 and 45 nm, respectively. The results of the disc diffusion test used for measuring the anti-bacterial activity of the synthesised nanoparticles indicated that the formed nanoparticles possessed a suitable anti-bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Allafchian
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Farzane Aghaei
- Research Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Farhang
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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14
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Liu X, Liu Y, Huang P, Ma Y, Qing Z, Tang Q, Cao H, Cheng P, Zheng Y, Yuan Z, Zhou Y, Liu J, Tang Z, Zhuo Y, Zhang Y, Yu L, Huang J, Yang P, Peng Q, Zhang J, Jiang W, Zhang Z, Lin K, Ro DK, Chen X, Xiong X, Shang Y, Huang S, Zeng J. The Genome of Medicinal Plant Macleaya cordata Provides New Insights into Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids Metabolism. Mol Plant 2017; 10:975-989. [PMID: 28552780 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics in animal agriculture and medicine has caused a series of potential threats to public health. Macleaya cordata is a medicinal plant species from the Papaveraceae family, providing a safe resource for the manufacture of antimicrobial feed additive for livestock. The active constituents from M. cordata are known to include benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) such as sanguinarine (SAN) and chelerythrine (CHE), but their metabolic pathways have yet to be studied in this non-model plant. The active biosynthesis of SAN and CHE in M. cordata was first examined and confirmed by feeding 13C-labeled tyrosine. To gain further insights, we de novo sequenced the whole genome of M. cordata, the first to be sequenced from the Papaveraceae family. The M. cordata genome covering 378 Mb encodes 22,328 predicted protein-coding genes with 43.5% being transposable elements. As a member of basal eudicot, M. cordata genome lacks the paleohexaploidy event that occurred in almost all eudicots. From the genomics data, a complete set of 16 metabolic genes for SAN and CHE biosynthesis was retrieved, and 14 of their biochemical activities were validated. These genomics and metabolic data show the conserved BIA metabolic pathways in M. cordata and provide the knowledge foundation for future productions of SAN and CHE by crop improvement or microbial pathway reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubin Liu
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yisong Liu
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Veterinary Medicine College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Peng Huang
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yongshuo Ma
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Beijing 100081, China; Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Zhixing Qing
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Qi Tang
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Huifen Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Pi Cheng
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yajie Zheng
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zejun Yuan
- Micolta Bioresource Inc., Changsha 410016, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhaoshan Tang
- Herbal Extract Engineering Research Center, Changsha 410331, China
| | - Yixiu Zhuo
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yancong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Linlan Yu
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jialu Huang
- Veterinary Medicine College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Peng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Qiong Peng
- Biotechnology Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kui Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dae-Kyun Ro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Xingyao Xiong
- Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yi Shang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Beijing 100081, China; Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China.
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Beijing 100081, China; Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China.
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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15
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Zuo Z, Zheng Y, Liang Z, Liu Y, Tang Q, Liu X, Zhao Z, Zeng J. Tissue-specific metabolite profiling of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in the root of Macleaya cordata by combining laser microdissection with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2017; 31:397-410. [PMID: 27943430 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tissue-specific metabolite profiling helps to find trace alkaloids masked during organ analysis, which contributes to understanding the alkaloid biosynthetic pathways in vivo and evaluating the quality of medical plants by morphology. As Macleaya cordata contains diverse types of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), the alkaloid metabolite profiling was carried out on various tissues of the root. METHODS Laser microdissection with fluorescence detection was used to recognize and dissect different tissues from the root of M. cordata. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was applied to analyze the trace alkaloids in tissues. These detected alkaloids were elucidated using their accurate molecular weights, MS/MS data, MS fragmentation patterns and the known biosynthetic pathways of BIAs. Finally, the distribution of alkaloids in dissected tissues and whole sections was mapped. RESULTS Forty-nine alkaloids were identified from five microdissected tissues, and 24 of them were detected for the first time in M. cordata. Some types of alkaloids occurred specifically in dissected tissues. More alkaloids were detected in the cork and xylem vascular bundles which emit strong fluorescence under fluorescence microscopy. Some of the screened alkaloids were intermediates in sanguinarine and chelerythrine biosynthetic pathways, and others were speculated to be involved in the new branches of biosynthetic pathways. CONCLUSIONS The integrated method is sensitive, specific and reliable for determining trace alkaloids, which is also a powerful tool for metabolite profiling of tissue-specific BIAs in situ. The present findings should contribute to a better understanding of the biosynthesis of BIAs in M. cordata root and provide scientific evidence for its quality evaluation based on morphological characteristics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Zuo
- National and Provincial Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China
| | - Yajie Zheng
- National and Provincial Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhitao Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yisong Liu
- National and Provincial Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Qi Tang
- National and Provincial Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xiubin Liu
- National and Provincial Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhongzhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- National and Provincial Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
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16
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Nie J, Liu Y, Zeng G, Zheng B, Tan X, Liu H, Xie J, Gan C, Liu W. Cadmium accumulation and tolerance of Macleaya cordata: a newly potential plant for sustainable phytoremediation in Cd-contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:10189-99. [PMID: 26875820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a major concern of the public due to their threats to the safety of food chains. A 60-day pot experiment was conducted using Macleaya cordata as plant material to investigate the phytoremediation potential and anti-oxidative responses of M. cordata under different Cd stress. Significant growth inhibition phenomenon and toxic symptoms were not detected in the experiment. The high biomass of the plant provided high accumulation capacity for Cd with an average dry weight of 3.6 g. The maximum extraction amount of Cd was 393 μg·plant(-1), suggesting that this species had potential for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil. A slight increase of chlorophyll (CHL) content was observed in Cd10 treatment. The plant was confirmed to have relatively high tolerance to the Cd stress on the basis of tolerance indexes (TI), relative water content, and CHLa/CHLb ratio. M. cordata could maintain high level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity under Cd stress, indicating strong tolerance capacity for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells. Catalase (CAT) activity show a certain range of decline in the experiment compare to the control. And peroxidase (POD) activity in leaves changed irregularly when compared to the control. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased as Cd concentration elevated compared to the control. In addition, as an inedible crop with relatively high economic value, M. cordata have shown the advantage of high biomass and high tolerance under Cd stress, which can provide a new plant resource for sustainable phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Nie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunguo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohong Zheng
- School of Architecture and Art Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieli Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
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Chang L, Hagel JM, Facchini PJ. Isolation and Characterization of O-methyltransferases Involved in the Biosynthesis of Glaucine in Glaucium flavum. Plant Physiol 2015; 169:1127-40. [PMID: 26297140 PMCID: PMC4587479 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome resources for the medicinal plant Glaucium flavum were searched for orthologs showing identity with characterized O-methyltransferases (OMTs) involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. Seven recombinant proteins were functionally tested using the signature alkaloid substrates for six OMTs: norlaudanosoline 6-OMT, 6-O-methyllaudanosoline 4'-OMT, reticuline 7-OMT, norreticuline 7-OMT, scoulerine 9-OMT, and tetrahydrocolumbamine OMT. A notable alkaloid in yellow horned poppy (G. flavum [GFL]) is the aporphine alkaloid glaucine, which displays C8-C6' coupling and four O-methyl groups at C6, C7, C3', and C4' as numbered on the 1-benzylisoquinoline scaffold. Three recombinant enzymes accepted 1-benzylisoquinolines with differential substrate and regiospecificity. GFLOMT2 displayed the highest amino acid sequence identity with norlaudanosoline 6-OMT, showed a preference for the 6-O-methylation of norlaudanosoline, and O-methylated the 3' and 4' hydroxyl groups of certain alkaloids. GFLOMT1 showed the highest sequence identity with 6-O-methyllaudanosoline 4'OMT and catalyzed the 6-O-methylation of norlaudanosoline, but more efficiently 4'-O-methylated the GFLOMT2 reaction product 6-O-methylnorlaudanosoline and its N-methylated derivative 6-O-methyllaudanosoline. GFLOMT1 also effectively 3'-O-methylated both reticuline and norreticuline. GFLOMT6 was most similar to scoulerine 9-OMT and efficiently catalyzed both 3'- and 7'-O-methylations of several 1-benzylisoquinolines, with a preference for N-methylated substrates. All active enzymes accepted scoulerine and tetrahydrocolumbamine. Exogenous norlaudanosoline was converted to tetra-O-methylated laudanosine using combinations of Escherichia coli producing (1) GFLOMT1, (2) either GFLOMT2 or GFLOMT6, and (3) coclaurine N-methyltransferase from Coptis japonica. Expression profiles of GFLOMT1, GFLOMT2, and GFLOMT6 in different plant organs were in agreement with the O-methylation patterns of alkaloids in G. flavum determined by high-resolution, Fourier-transform mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jillian M Hagel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Hagel JM, Morris JS, Lee EJ, Desgagné-Penix I, Bross CD, Chang L, Chen X, Farrow SC, Zhang Y, Soh J, Sensen CW, Facchini PJ. Transcriptome analysis of 20 taxonomically related benzylisoquinoline alkaloid-producing plants. BMC Plant Biol 2015; 15:227. [PMID: 26384972 PMCID: PMC4575454 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) represent a diverse class of plant specialized metabolites sharing a common biosynthetic origin beginning with tyrosine. Many BIAs have potent pharmacological activities, and plants accumulating them boast long histories of use in traditional medicine and cultural practices. The decades-long focus on a select number of plant species as model systems has allowed near or full elucidation of major BIA pathways, including those of morphine, sanguinarine and berberine. However, this focus has created a dearth of knowledge surrounding non-model species, which also are known to accumulate a wide-range of BIAs but whose biosynthesis is thus far entirely unexplored. Further, these non-model species represent a rich source of catalyst diversity valuable to plant biochemists and emerging synthetic biology efforts. RESULTS In order to access the genetic diversity of non-model plants accumulating BIAs, we selected 20 species representing 4 families within the Ranunculales. RNA extracted from each species was processed for analysis by both 1) Roche GS-FLX Titanium and 2) Illumina GA/HiSeq platforms, generating a total of 40 deep-sequencing transcriptome libraries. De novo assembly, annotation and subsequent full-length coding sequence (CDS) predictions indicated greater success for most species using the Illumina-based platform. Assembled data for each transcriptome were deposited into an established web-based BLAST portal ( www.phytometasyn.ca) to allow public access. Homology-based mining of libraries using BIA-biosynthetic enzymes as queries yielded ~850 gene candidates potentially involved in alkaloid biosynthesis. Expression analysis of these candidates was performed using inter-library FPKM normalization methods. These expression data provide a basis for the rational selection of gene candidates, and suggest possible metabolic bottlenecks within BIA metabolism. Phylogenetic analysis was performed for each of 15 different enzyme/protein groupings, highlighting many novel genes with potential involvement in the formation of one or more alkaloid types, including morphinan, aporphine, and phthalideisoquinoline alkaloids. Transcriptome resources were used to design and execute a case study of candidate N-methyltransferases (NMTs) from Glaucium flavum, which revealed predicted and novel enzyme activities. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes an essential resource for the isolation and discovery of 1) functional homologues and 2) entirely novel catalysts within BIA metabolism. Functional analysis of G. flavum NMTs demonstrated the utility of this resource and underscored the importance of empirical determination of proposed enzymatic function. Publically accessible, fully annotated, BLAST-accessible transcriptomes were not previously available for most species included in this report, despite the rich repertoire of bioactive alkaloids found in these plants and their importance to traditional medicine. The results presented herein provide essential sequence information and inform experimental design for the continued elucidation of BIA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Hagel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jeremy S Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Eun-Jeong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Isabel Desgagné-Penix
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Current address: Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Crystal D Bross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Limei Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Scott C Farrow
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Jung Soh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Christoph W Sensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Current address: Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, A-8010, Austria.
| | - Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Hagel JM, Mandal R, Han B, Han J, Dinsmore DR, Borchers CH, Wishart DS, Facchini PJ. Metabolome analysis of 20 taxonomically related benzylisoquinoline alkaloid-producing plants. BMC Plant Biol 2015; 15:220. [PMID: 26369413 PMCID: PMC4570626 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent progress toward the elucidation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) metabolism has focused on a small number of model plant species. Current understanding of BIA metabolism in plants such as opium poppy, which accumulates important pharmacological agents such as codeine and morphine, has relied on a combination of genomics and metabolomics to facilitate gene discovery. Metabolomics studies provide important insight into the primary biochemical networks underpinning specialized metabolism, and serve as a key resource for metabolic engineering, gene discovery, and elucidation of governing regulatory mechanisms. Beyond model plants, few broad-scope metabolomics reports are available for the vast number of plant species known to produce an estimated 2500 structurally diverse BIAs, many of which exhibit promising medicinal properties. RESULTS We applied a multi-platform approach incorporating four different analytical methods to examine 20 non-model, BIA-accumulating plant species. Plants representing four families in the Ranunculales were chosen based on reported BIA content, taxonomic distribution and importance in modern/traditional medicine. One-dimensional (1)H NMR-based profiling quantified 91 metabolites and revealed significant species- and tissue-specific variation in sugar, amino acid and organic acid content. Mono- and disaccharide sugars were generally lower in roots and rhizomes compared with stems, and a variety of metabolites distinguished callus tissue from intact plant organs. Direct flow infusion tandem mass spectrometry provided a broad survey of 110 lipid derivatives including phosphatidylcholines and acylcarnitines, and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detection quantified 15 phenolic compounds including flavonoids, benzoic acid derivatives and hydroxycinnamic acids. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry generated extensive mass lists for all species, which were mined for metabolites putatively corresponding to BIAs. Different alkaloids profiles, including both ubiquitous and potentially rare compounds, were observed. CONCLUSIONS Extensive metabolite profiling combining multiple analytical platforms enabled a more complete picture of overall metabolism occurring in selected plant species. This study represents the first time a metabolomics approach has been applied to most of these species, despite their importance in modern and traditional medicine. Coupled with genomics data, these metabolomics resources serve as a key resource for the investigation of BIA biosynthesis in non-model plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Hagel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1 N4, Canada.
| | - Rupasri Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Beomsoo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Jun Han
- University of Victoria-Genome BC Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada.
| | - Donald R Dinsmore
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1 N4, Canada.
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- University of Victoria-Genome BC Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8Z 7X8, Canada.
| | - David S Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1 N4, Canada.
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Li CW, Hu N, Ding DX, Hu JS, Li GY, Wang YD. Phytoextraction of uranium from contaminated soil by Macleaya cordata before and after application of EDDS and CA. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:6155-6163. [PMID: 25399528 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report on using Macleaya cordata for phytoextraction of uranium from the uranium contaminated soil in the greenhouse. Macleaya M. cordata was found to increase uranium concentration in the soil solution by increasing the dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The amendment experiments with citric acid (CA) and [S,S]-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) at the rates of 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mmol kg(-1) dry weight (DW) soil showed that EDDS was more efficient to increase uranium concentration in the shoot than CA when they were applied at the same rate. The applications of 5.0 mmol kg(-1) EDDS and 10.0 mmol kg(-1) CA were most appropriate for increasing uranium concentrations in the shoot of M. cordata. CA was more efficient to increase the solubility of uranium at the same application rates except for 2.5 mmol kg(-1) application rate. There was a linear correlation between the uranium concentration in the shoot and the average uranium concentration of one planted pot during 14 days in soil solution after the application of different rates of EDDS and CA, respectively (r(2) = 0.972, P < 0.01; r (2) = 0.948, P < 0.01), indicating that uranium uptake was dependent on the soluble uranium concentration. The Fe-U-DOC and Mn-U-DOC complexes were probably formed after the application of CA. Soil solution pH and Fe, Mn, Ca, and DOC concentrations in soil solution were found to be changed by the chelates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-wu Li
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
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21
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Min CL, Wang XJ, Zhao MF, Chen WW. [Isolation of endophytic fungi from Macleaya cordata and screening of sanguinarine-producing strains]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2014; 39:4288-4292. [PMID: 25850254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi were isolated from Macleaya cordata growing in Dabie Mountain by agar-block method, and then the endophytic fungi were grouped into different types based on their morphological characteristics, and thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were employed to determine whether the metabolic substances contained sanguinarine or not, and then preliminarily identified by morphological method. The results showed that the leaves hosted the largest number of endophytes (96 isolates) followed by the stems (57 isolates) and finally the roots (28 isolates), respectively. Based on morphological characteristics the endophytic fungi were grouped into 26 types in our study. TLC and HPLC results showed that there was sanguinarine in the metabolic substances of BLH 51 strain. According to the morphological characteristic, the BLH 51 strain was identified as Fusarium proliferatum. All these indicated that the medicinal plant M. cordata harbors abundant endophytes, which could be a new source for the search of active secondary metabolites.
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Zeng J, Liu Y, Liu W, Liu X, Liu F, Huang P, Zhu P, Chen J, Shi M, Guo F, Cheng P, Zeng J, Liao Y, Gong J, Zhang HM, Wang D, Guo AY, Xiong X. Integration of transcriptome, proteome and metabolism data reveals the alkaloids biosynthesis in Macleaya cordata and Macleaya microcarpa. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53409. [PMID: 23326424 PMCID: PMC3541140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Macleaya spp., including Macleaya cordata and Macleaya microcarpa, are traditional anti-virus, inflammation eliminating, and insecticide herb medicines for their isoquinoline alkaloids. They are also known as the basis of the popular natural animal food addictive in Europe. However, few studies especially at genomics level were conducted on them. Hence, we performed the Macleaya spp. transcriptome and integrated it with iTRAQ proteome analysis in order to identify potential genes involved in alkaloids biosynthesis. Methodology and Principal Findings We elaborately designed the transcriptome, proteome and metabolism profiling for 10 samples of both species to explore their alkaloids biosynthesis. From the transcriptome data, we obtained 69367 and 78255 unigenes for M. cordata and M. microcarpa, in which about two thirds of them were similar to sequences in public databases. By metabolism profiling, reverse patterns for alkaloids sanguinarine, chelerythrine, protopine, and allocryptopine were observed in different organs of two species. We characterized the expressions of enzymes in alkaloid biosynthesis pathways. We also identified more than 1000 proteins from iTRAQ proteome data. Our results strongly suggest that the root maybe the organ for major alkaloids biosynthesis of Macleaya spp. Except for biosynthesis, the alkaloids storage and transport were also important for their accumulation. The ultrastructure of laticifers by SEM helps us to prove the alkaloids maybe accumulated in the mature roots. Conclusions/Significance To our knowledge this is the first study to elucidate the genetic makeup of Macleaya spp. This work provides clues to the identification of the potential modulate genes involved in alkaloids biosynthesis in Macleaya spp., and sheds light on researches for non-model medicinal plants by integrating different high-throughput technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and National Chinese Medicinal Herbs (Hunan) Technology Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (AG); (XX)
| | - Yisong Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and National Chinese Medicinal Herbs (Hunan) Technology Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Nextomics Biosciences Co., Ltd. Wuhan, China
| | - Xiubing Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and National Chinese Medicinal Herbs (Hunan) Technology Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Peng Huang
- Herbal Extract Engineering Research Center (HerbEx), Hunan, China
- Micolta BioResource Inc., Hunan, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and National Chinese Medicinal Herbs (Hunan) Technology Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinjun Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and National Chinese Medicinal Herbs (Hunan) Technology Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | - Pi Cheng
- Herbal Extract Engineering Research Center (HerbEx), Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Herbal Extract Engineering Research Center (HerbEx), Hunan, China
| | - Yifang Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Nextomics Biosciences Co., Ltd. Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Nextomics Biosciences Co., Ltd. Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Nextomics Biosciences Co., Ltd. Wuhan, China
| | - Depeng Wang
- Nextomics Biosciences Co., Ltd. Wuhan, China
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (AG); (XX)
| | - Xingyao Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and National Chinese Medicinal Herbs (Hunan) Technology Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (AG); (XX)
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Bilka F, Balážová A, Bilková A, Holková I. [Comparison of sanguinarine production in suspension cultures of the Papaveraceae plants]. Ceska Slov Farm 2012; 61:267-270. [PMID: 23387855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Intact plants of the Papaveraceae family are producers of a whole range of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, which are used in pharmaceutical industry. In vitro cultures derived from plants of the Papaveraceae do not have the ability to produce such a broad spectrum of alkaloids, only the biosynthetic pathway leading to sanguinarine is active. This study deals with the preparation of in vitro cultures of Papaver somniferum, Eschscholtzia californica, Chelidonium majus and Macleaya cordata. Their sanguinarine production abilities were tested and compared. The lowest amounts of sanguinarine from all cultures tested were accumulated in suspension cultures of the opium poppy (0.45-0.55 μg in 1 g of fresh weight). Eschscholtzia californica, Chelidonium majus and Macleaya cordata cultures produced similar amounts of sanguinarine (18.0-22.7 μg; 20.5-26.3 μg; 15.4-20.3 μg in 1 g of fresh weight, resp.). The elicitation study used a biotic stressor, Botrytis cinerea hydrolysate. In all cultures treated, an increase in sanguinarine accumulation was observed. Of all cultures tested, the most intensive response was observed in the opium poppy cultures, although the amount of sanguinarine in the elicited poppy cultures was lower than in the non-elicited samples of the other cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Bilka
- Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Farmaceutická Fakulta, Katedra Bunkovej a Molekulámej Biologie lieciv.
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Liu DD, Chao WM, Turgeon R. Transport of sucrose, not hexose, in the phloem. J Exp Bot 2012; 63:4315-20. [PMID: 22553289 PMCID: PMC3398456 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that glucose and fructose are essentially absent in mobile phloem sap. However, this paradigm has been called into question, especially but not entirely, with respect to species in the Ranunculaceae and Papaveraceae. In the experiments in question, phloem sap was obtained by detaching leaves and placing the cut ends of the petioles in an EDTA solution. More hexose than sucrose was detected. In the present study, these results were confirmed for four species. However, almost identical results were obtained when the leaf blades were removed and only petiole stubs were immersed. This suggests that the sugars in the EDTA solution represent compounds extracted from the petioles, rather than sugars in transit in the phloem. In further experiments, the leaf blades were exposed to (14)CO(2) and, following a chase period, radiolabelled sugars in the petioles and EDTA exudate were identified. Almost all the radiolabel was in the form of [(14)C]sucrose, with little radiolabelled hexose. The data support the long-held contention that sucrose is a ubiquitous transport sugar, but hexoses are essentially absent in the phloem stream.
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Abstract
According to most textbooks, only non-reducing carbohydrate species such as sucrose, sugar alcohols, and raffinose-family sugars function as phloem translocates. Occasional abundance of reducing sugar species (such as hexoses) in sieve-tube sap has been discarded as an experimental artefact. This study, however, discloses a widespread occurrence of hexoses in the sieve-tube sap. Phloem exudation facilitated by EDTA provided evidence that many of the members of two plant families (Ranunculaceae and Papaveraceae) investigated translocate >80% of carbohydrates in the form of hexoses. Representatives of other families also appear to translocate appreciable amounts of hexoses in the sieve tubes. Promoting effects of EDTA, activities of sucrose-degrading enzymes, and sugar uptake by micro-organisms on hexose contents of phloem exudates were checked. The rate of sucrose degradation is far too low to explain the large proportions of hexoses measured in phloem exudates; nor did other factors tested seem to stimulate the occurrence of hexoses. The validity of the approach is further supported by the virtual absence of hexoses in exudates from species that were known as exclusive sucrose transporters. This study urges a rethink of the existing views on carbohydrate transport species in the phloem stream. Hexose translocation is to be regarded as a normal mode of carbohydrate transfer by the phloem equivalent to that of sucrose, raffinose-family sugars, or sugar alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aart J E van Bel
- Plant Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of General Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, Senckenbergstrasse 17, D-35390 Giessen, Germany.
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Yoshida K, Kitahara S, Ito D, Kondo T. Ferric ions involved in the flower color development of the Himalayan blue poppy, Meconopsis grandis. Phytochemistry 2006; 67:992-8. [PMID: 16678868 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Himalayan blue poppy, Meconopsis grandis, has sky blue-colored petals, although the anthocyanidin nucleus of the petal pigment is cyanidin. The blue color development in this blue poppy involving ferric ions was therefore studied. We analyzed the vacuolar pH, and the organic and inorganic components of the colored cells. A direct measurement by a proton-selective microelectrode revealed that the vacuolar pH value was 4.8. The concentrations of the total anthocyanins in the colored cells were around 5mM, and ca. three times more concentrated flavonols were detected. Fe was detected by atomic analysis of the colored cells, and the ratio of Fe to anthocyanins was ca. 0.8 eq. By mixing the anthocyanin, flavonol and metal ion components in a buffered aq. solution at pH 5.0, we were able to reproduce the same blue color; the visible absorption spectrum and CD were identical to those in the petals, with Fe(3+), Mg(2+) and flavonol being essential for the blue color. The blue pigment in Meconopsis should be a new type of metal complex pigment that is different from a stoichiometric supramolecular pigment such as commelinin or protocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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Groot EP, Sinha N, Gleissberg S. Expression patterns of STM-like KNOX and Histone H4 genes in shoot development of the dissected-leaved basal eudicot plants Chelidonium majus and Eschscholzia californica (Papaveraceae). Plant Mol Biol 2005; 58:317-31. [PMID: 16021398 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-4548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2004] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Knotted-like homeobox (KNOX) genes encode important regulators of shoot development in flowering plants. In Arabidopsis, class I KNOX genes are part of a regulatory system that contributes to indeterminacy of shoot development, delimitation of leaf primordia and internode development. In other species, class I KNOX genes have also been recruited in the control of marginal blastozone fractionation during dissected leaf development. Here we report the isolation of class I KNOX genes from two species of the basal eudicot family Papaveraceae, Chelidonium majus and Eschscholzia californica. Sequence comparisons and expression patterns indicate that these genes are orthologs of SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM), a class I KNOX gene from Arabidopsis. Both genes are expressed in the center of vegetative and floral shoot apical meristems (SAM), but downregulated at leaf or floral organ initiating sites. While Eschscholzia californica STM (EcSTM) is again upregulated during acropetal pinna formation, in situ hybridization could not detect Chelidonium majus STM (CmSTM) transcripts at any stage of basipetal leaf development, indicating divergent evolution of STM gene function in leaves within Papaveraceae. Immunolocalization of KNOX proteins indicate that other gene family members may control leaf dissection in both species. The contrasting direction of pinna initiation in the two species was also investigated using Histone H4 expression. Leaves at early stages of development did not reveal notable differences in cell division activity of the elongating leaf axis, suggesting that differential meristematic growth may not play a role in determining the observed dissection patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin P Groot
- Institut für Spezielle Botanik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Bentzelweg 9a, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
Sexual reproduction in many flowering plants involves self-incompatibility (SI), which is one of the most important systems to prevent inbreeding. In many species, the self-/nonself-recognition of SI is controlled by a single polymorphic locus, the S-locus. Molecular dissection of the S-locus revealed that SI represents not one system, but a collection of divergent mechanisms. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of three distinct SI mechanisms, each controlled by two separate determinant genes at the S-locus. In the Brassicaceae, the determinant genes encode a pollen ligand and its stigmatic receptor kinase; their interaction induces incompatible signaling(s) within the stigma papilla cells. In the Solanaceae-type SI, the determinants are a ribonuclease and an F-box protein, suggesting the involvement of RNA and protein degradation in the system. In the Papaveraceae, the only identified female determinant induces a Ca2+-dependent signaling network that ultimately results in the death of incompatible pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Takayama
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communications, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan.
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Pavel A, Vlahovici A, Trifan M, Băra II, Creangă D. [Magnetic liquid influence upon some plant species of pharmaceutical interest]. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2001; 105:565-9. [PMID: 12092195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
It was accomplished a study on the influence of a petroleum magnetic liquid upon two plant species of pharmaceutical interest: Papaver somniferum L. and Chelidonium majus L. Experimental observation aimed: callus accumulation, seed germination, mitotic index and fluorescence of the photosynthesis pigments. The plant samples were taken from in vitro cultures obtained from different explant types while the magnetic liquid was added in the culture media in low concentrations (ml/l). The germination test showed a positive influence of the magnetic liquid, the cell division test revealed an increased mitotic index, callus accumulation rate is enhanced while the fluorescence spectra showed maxima shift for the samples in comparison to the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pavel
- Facultatea de Bioinginerie Medicală, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie Gr.T. Popa Iaşi
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