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Lei Y, Wolf-van Buerck L, Honarpisheh M, Zhang Y, Schwinzer R, Petersen B, Seissler J. Neonatal islets from human PD-L1 transgenic pigs reduce immune cell activation and cellular rejection in humanized nonobese diabetic-scid IL2rγ null mice. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:20-29. [PMID: 37659605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Strong xenorejection limits the clinical application of porcine islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes. Targeting T cell-mediated rejection is one of the main approaches to improve long-term graft survival. Here we study engraftment and survival of porcine islet cells expressing human programmed cell death ligand-1 (hPD-L1) in a humanized mouse model. Neonatal islet-like clusters (NPICCs) from transgenic hPD-L1 (hPD-L1-Tg) and wild-type (Wt) pigs were transplanted into nonobese diabetic-scid IL2rγnull mice stably reconstituted with human immune cells (hPD-L1 n = 10; Wt n = 6). Primary endpoint was development of normoglycemia during a 16-week observation period after transplantation. Secondary endpoints were porcine C-peptide levels and immune cell infiltration. Animals transplanted with hPD-L1-Tg neonatal islet-like clusters achieved a superior normoglycemic rate (50% versus 0%) and significantly higher plasma C-peptide levels as compared to the Wt group, indicating long-term beta cell function. Intracytoplasmic fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed significantly decreased frequencies of interferonγ-expressing splenic hCD8-positive T cells and reduced intragraft-infiltrating immune cells. We here demonstrate that expression of hPD-L1 provides strong islet xenograft protection without administration of immunosuppressive drugs. These findings support the hypothesis that hPD-L1 has the capacity to control cellular rejection and therefore represents a very promising transgene candidate for clinical porcine islet xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Lei
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum-Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Lelia Wolf-van Buerck
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum-Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Mohsen Honarpisheh
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum-Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum-Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, München, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schwinzer
- Transplant Laboratory, Department of General-Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bjoern Petersen
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabetes Zentrum-Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, München, Germany.
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Bobier C, Rodger D, Hurst DJ, Omelianchuk A. In defense of xenotransplantation research: Because of, not in spite of, animal welfare concerns. Xenotransplantation 2023; 30:e12791. [PMID: 36573621 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is envisioned that one day xenotransplantation will bring about a future where transplantable organs can be safely and efficiently grown in transgenic pigs to help meet the global organ shortage. While recent advances have brought this future closer, worries remain about whether it will be beneficial overall. The unique challenges and risks posed to humans that arise from transplanting across the species barrier, in addition to the costs borne by non-human animals, has led some to question the value of xenotransplantation altogether. In response, we defend the value of xenotransplantation research, because it can satisfy stringent welfare conditions on the permissibility of animal research and use. Along the way, we respond to the alleged concerns, and conclude that they do not currently warrant a cessation or a curtailing of xenotransplantation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bobier
- Department of Theology and Philosophy, Hendrickson Institute for Ethical Leadership, St. Mary's University of Minnesota, Winona, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel Rodger
- Operating Department Practice, Institute of Health and Social Care, School of Allied and Community Health, London South Bank University, London, UK.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel J Hurst
- Department of Family Medicine Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine Stratford, New Jersey, USA
| | - Adam Omelianchuk
- The Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Zeng F, Liao S, Kuang Z, Zhu Q, Wei H, Shi J, Zheng E, Xu Z, Huang S, Hong L, Gu T, Yang J, Yang H, Cai G, Moisyadi S, Urschitz J, Li Z, Wu Z. Genetically Engineered Pigs as Efficient Salivary Gland Bioreactors for Production of Therapeutically Valuable Human Nerve Growth Factor. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152378. [PMID: 35954224 PMCID: PMC9368069 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Farm animal salivary glands hold great potential as efficient bioreactors for production of human therapeutic proteins. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is naturally expressed in animal salivary glands and has been approved for human clinical treatment. This study aims to employ transgenic (TG) pig salivary gland as bioreactors for efficient synthesis of human NGF (hNGF). hNGF-TG pigs were generated by cloning in combination with piggyBac transposon-mediated gene transfer. These hNGF-TG pigs specifically expressed hNGF protein in their salivary glands and secreted it at high levels into saliva. Surgical and nonsurgical approaches were developed to efficiently collect saliva from hNGF-TG pigs. hNGF protein was successfully purified from collected saliva and was verified to be biologically active. In an additional step, the double-transgenic pigs, where the endogenous porcine NGF (pNGF) gene was replaced by another copy of hNGF transgene, were created by cloning combined with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination. These double-transgenic pigs expressed hNGF but not pNGF, thus avoiding possible "contamination" of hNGF with pNGF protein during purification. In conclusion, TG pig salivary glands can be used as robust bioreactors for a large-scale synthesis of functional hNGF or other valuable proteins. This new animal pharming method will benefit both human health and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.K.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Aniamal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sha Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.K.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Aniamal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhe Kuang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.K.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Aniamal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingchun Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.K.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Aniamal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hengxi Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.K.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Aniamal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junsong Shi
- Guangdong Wens Pig Breeding Technology Co., Ltd., Yunfu 527499, China;
| | - Enqin Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.K.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Aniamal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.K.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Aniamal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sixiu Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.K.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Aniamal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Linjun Hong
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.K.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Aniamal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ting Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.K.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Aniamal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.K.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Aniamal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huaqiang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.K.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Aniamal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.K.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Aniamal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Stefan Moisyadi
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (S.M.); (J.U.)
| | - Johann Urschitz
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (S.M.); (J.U.)
| | - Zicong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.K.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Aniamal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-2085284985 (Z.L.); +86-2085280369 (Z.W.)
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (F.Z.); (S.L.); (Z.K.); (Q.Z.); (H.W.); (E.Z.); (Z.X.); (S.H.); (L.H.); (T.G.); (J.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.C.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Aniamal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Z.W.); Tel.: +86-2085284985 (Z.L.); +86-2085280369 (Z.W.)
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Wang J, Khan SU, Cao P, Chen X, Wang F, Zou D, Li H, Zhao H, Xu K, Jiao D, Yang C, Zhu F, Zhang Y, Su Y, Cheng W, Jia B, Qing Y, Jamal MA, Zhao HY, Wei HJ. Construction of PIK3C3 Transgenic Pig and Its Pathogenesis of Liver Damage. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:630. [PMID: 35629298 PMCID: PMC9146193 DOI: 10.3390/life12050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the PIKs family, PIK3C3 participates in autophagy and plays a central role in liver function. Several studies demonstrated that the complete suppression of PIK3C3 in mammals can cause hepatomegaly and hepatosteatosis. However, the function of PIK3C3 overexpression on the liver and other organs is still unknown. In this study, we successfully generated PIK3C3 transgenic pigs through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) by designing a specific vector for the overexpression of PIK3C3. Plasmid identification was performed through enzyme digestion and transfected into the fetal fibroblasts derived from Diannan miniature pigs. After 2 weeks of culturing, six positive colonies obtained from a total of 14 cell colonies were identified through PCR. One positive cell line was selected as the donor cell line for SCNT for the construction of PIK3C3transgenic pigs. Thirty single blastocysts were collected and identified as PIK3C3 transgenic-positive blastocysts. Two surrogates became pregnant after transferring the reconstructed embryos into four surrogates. Fetal fibroblasts of PIK3C3-positive fetuses identified through PCR were used as donor cells for SCNT to generate PIK3C3 transgenic pigs. To further explore the function of PIK3C3 overexpression, genotyping and phenotyping of the fetuses and piglets obtained were performed by PCR, immunohistochemical, HE, and apoptosis staining. The results showed that inflammatory infiltration and vacuolar formation in hepatocytes and apoptotic cells, and the mRNA expression of NF-κB, TGF-β1, TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-6 significantly increased in the livers of PIK3C3 transgenic pigs when compared with wild-type (WT) pigs. Immunofluorescence staining showed that LC3B and LAMP-1-positive cells increased in the livers of PIK3C3 transgenic pigs. In the EBSS-induced autophagy of the porcine fibroblast cells (PFCs), the accumulated LC3II protein was cleared faster in PIK3C3 transgenic (PFCs) thanWT (PFCs). In conclusion, PIK3C3 overexpression promoted autophagy in the liver and associated molecular mechanisms related to the activation of ULK1, AMBR1, DRAM1, and MTOR, causing liver damage in pigs. Therefore, the construction of PIK3C3 transgenic pigs may provide a new experimental animal resource for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Sami Ullah Khan
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Pan Cao
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Fengchong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Di Zou
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Honghui Li
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kaixiang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Deling Jiao
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Feiyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yaxuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yanhua Su
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wenmin Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Baoyu Jia
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yubo Qing
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Muhammad Ameen Jamal
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hong-Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Wei
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650201, China; (J.W.); (S.U.K.); (P.C.); (X.C.); (F.W.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (H.Z.); (K.X.); (D.J.); (C.Y.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.); (B.J.); (Y.Q.); (M.A.J.)
- Xenotransplantation Research Engineering Center in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Cimeno A, Kuravi K, Sorrells L, Dandro A, Sendil S, Burdorf L, Parsell DM, Eyestone W, Phelps C, Ayares D, Azimzadeh AM, Pierson RN, Barth RN, LaMattina JC. hEPCR.hTBM.hCD47.hHO-1 with donor clodronate and DDAVP treatment improves perfusion and function of GalTKO.hCD46 porcine livers perfused with human blood. Xenotransplantation 2022; 29:e12731. [PMID: 35166407 PMCID: PMC10249003 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platelet sequestration, inflammation, and inappropriate coagulation cascade activation are prominent in liver xenotransplant models and are associated with poor outcomes. Here, we evaluate a cassette of six additional genetic modifications to reduce anti-pig antibody binding (α-1,3-galactosyl transferase knockout [GalTKO]) and target coagulation dysregulation (human endothelial protein C receptor [hEPRC] and thrombomodulin [hTBM]), complement pathway regulation (human membrane cofactor protein, hCD46), inflammation heme oxygenase 1 [hHO-1]), and a self-recognition receptor (integrin-associated protein [hCD47]), as well as donor pharmacologic treatments designed to blunt these phenomena. METHODS Livers from GaltKO.hCD46 pigs ("2-gene," n = 3) and GalTKO.hCD46 pigs also transgenic for hEPRC, hTBM, hCD47, and hHO-1 ("6-gene," n = 4) were perfused ex vivo with whole human blood. Six-gene pigs were additionally pretreated with desmopressin (DDAVP) and clodronate liposomes to deplete vWF and kupffer cells, respectively. RESULTS The average perfusion times increased from 304 (±148) min in the 2-gene group to 856 (±61) min in the 6-gene group (p = .010). The average heparin administration was decreased from 8837 U/h in the 2-gene to 1354 U/h in the 6-gene group (p = .047). Platelet sequestration tended to be delayed in the 6-gene group (p = .070), while thromboxane B2 (TXB2, a platelet activation marker) levels were lower over the first hour (p = .044) (401 ± 124 vs. 2048 ± 712 at 60 min). Thrombin production as measured by F1+2 levels tended to be lower in the 6-gene group (p = .058). CONCLUSIONS The combination of the hEPCR.hTBM.hCD47.hHO-1 cassette along with donor pig DDAVP and clodronate liposome pretreatment was associated with prolonged function of xenoperfused livers, reduced coagulation pathway perturbations, and decreased TXB2 elaboration, and reflects significant progress to modulate liver xenograft injury in a pig to human model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Cimeno
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Amy Dandro
- Revivicor, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Selin Sendil
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lars Burdorf
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dawn M. Parsell
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Agnes M. Azimzadeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard N. Pierson
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rolf N. Barth
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John C. LaMattina
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Martínez-Alarcón L, Liarte S, Quereda JJ, Sáez-Acosta A, Torre-Minguela C, Mendonça L, Abellaneda JM, Majado MJ, Ríos A, Ramírez P, Muñoz A, Ramis G. Profiling Human CD55 Transgene Performance Assist in Selecting Best Suited Specimens and Tissues for Swine Organ Xenotransplantation. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:747. [PMID: 34439979 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The unbalance between availability and needs of human organs has drawn researchers’ attention to xenotransplantation as an option to cope with this shortage. Pig organs have received substantial attention for being comparable to human’s; nevertheless, compatibility constrains still block clinical applications. Transgenesis of human complement regulatory proteins, including the CD55 gene and its product the decay-accelerating factor (DAF), has been proposed to overcome xenorejection. This line of research has obtained interesting results along the years; however, most works assessing the impact of this strategy for xenotransplantation are limited to analyzing gene expression and assessing resistance to conventional serum challenge hemolysis assays, which provide somewhat reduced information prior to surgery. In this work, we tried to expand the analysis of the hCD55 transgene performance beyond common practice and into a better molecular understanding of its impact in xenotransplantation. We determined hCD55 gene expression, as well as hDAF protein presence, in different organs from five transgenic pigs, comparing readings from organs worthy for transplantation and other non-valuable organs and tissues. We also assessed the ability of transgenic cells, compared to non-transgenic, to withstand hemolysis and cytolysis. Finally, we made an effort to establish potential correlations between the hCD55 mRNA and hDAF protein levels detected. Abstract Xenotransplantation of pig organs receives substantial attention for being comparable to human’s. However, compatibility constraints involving hyper-acute rejection (HAR) still block clinical applications. Transgenesis of human complement regulatory proteins has been proposed to overcome xenorejection. Pigs expressing human-CD55 have been widely tested in experimental surgery. Still, no standardized method has been developed to determine tissue expression of human decay-accelerating factor (DAF), hCD55’s product, or to predict the ability to overpass HAR. Here we describe objective procedures addressing this need. Organs and tissues from five hCD55 transgenic pigs were collected and classified according to their xenotransplantation value. The ability to overcome HAR was assessed by classical complement pathway hemolysis assays. Quantitative PCR mRNA expression and Western blot protein level studies were performed. Real-time cytotoxicity assays (RTCA) on fibroblast cultures exposed to baboon and human sera informed on longer-term rejection dynamics. While greater hCD55/DAF expression correlated with better performance, the results obtained varied among specimens. Interestingly, the individual with highest mRNA and protein levels showed positive feedback for hCD55 transcript after challenge with human and baboon sera. Moreover, hCD55 expression correlated to DAF levels in the liver, lung and intestine, but not in the heart. Moreover, we found significant correlations among valuable and non-valuable tissues. In sum, the methodology proposed allows us to characterize the hCD55 transgene functioning and performance. Moreover, the correlations found could allow us to predict hCD55/DAF expression in surrogate tissues, thus eliminating the need for direct biopsies, resulting in preservation of organ integrity before xenotransplantation.
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Gu H, Zhou Y, Yang J, Li J, Peng Y, Zhang X, Miao Y, Jiang W, Bu G, Hou L, Li T, Zhang L, Xia X, Ma Z, Xiong Y, Zuo B. Targeted overexpression of PPARγ in skeletal muscle by random insertion and CRISPR/Cas9 transgenic pig cloning enhances oxidative fiber formation and intramuscular fat deposition. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21308. [PMID: 33481304 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001812rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a master regulator of adipogenesis and lipogenesis. To understand its roles in fiber formation and fat deposition in skeletal muscle, we successfully generated muscle-specific overexpression of PPARγ in two pig models by random insertion and CRISPR/Cas9 transgenic cloning procedures. The content of intramuscular fat was significantly increased in PPARγ pigs while had no changes on lean meat ratio. PPARγ could promote adipocyte differentiation by activating adipocyte differentiating regulators such as FABP4 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP), along with enhanced expression of LPL, FABP4, and PLIN1 to proceed fat deposition. Proteomics analyses demonstrated that oxidative metabolism of fatty acids and respiratory chain were activated in PPARγ pigs, thus, gathered more Ca2+ in PPARγ pigs. Raising of Ca2+ could result in increased phosphorylation of CAMKII and p38 MAPK in PPARγ pigs, which can stimulate MEF2 and PGC1α to affect fiber type and oxidative capacity. These results support that skeletal muscle-specific overexpression of PPARγ can promote oxidative fiber formation and intramuscular fat deposition in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jinzeng Yang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jianan Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yaxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yiliang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Bu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Liming Hou
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yuanzhu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Mo J, Li G, Huang G, Wang H, Shi J, Zhou R, Cai G, Wu Z, Zhang X. Adaptation of Gut Microbiome to Transgenic Pigs Secreting β-Glucanase, Xylanase, and Phytase. Front Genet 2021; 12:631071. [PMID: 33747047 PMCID: PMC7971306 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.631071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously generated transgenic pigs with enhanced growth rate and reduced nutrient loss. However, the composition of their gut microbiome is unknown. In this study, we successfully generated EGFP marker-free transgenic (MF-TG) pigs with high expression levels of microbial β-glucanase, xylanase, and phytase in the parotid gland. We collected intestinal contents from the ileum, cecum and colon of five MF-TG and five wild-type (WT) sows and investigated the gut microbiome of the transgenic pigs via metagenomic analysis. Results showed that the levels of probiotics, such as Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptococcus, were more abundant in the cecum of the MF-TG pigs and higher than those of WT pigs. By contrast, the levels of harmful microorganisms, such as Campylobacter, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Campylobacter fetus, and various unidentified viruses, were higher in the cecum of the WT pigs than those of the MF-TG pigs. By comparing unigenes and the eggNOG database, we found that the microorganisms in the colon of the MF-TG pigs had high fractional abundance in DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 and serine-type D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase, whereas the aspartate carbamoyltransferase regulatory subunit and outer membrane protein pathways were enriched in the WT pigs. Moreover, the microorganisms in the cecum of the MF-TG pigs were active in GlycosylTransferase Family 8 (GT8), Glycoside Hydrolase Family 13 (GH13), and Glycoside Hydrolase Family 32 (GH32). Furthermore, the levels of numerous carbohydrases, such as glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase, xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase and exo-1,3-1,4-glucanase, were higher in the cecum of the MF-TG pigs than those of the WT pigs. The results indicated that intestinal microbes can change adaptively to the secretion of transgenic enzymes, thereby forming a benign cooperation with their host. This cooperation could be beneficial for improving feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Mo
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Guoling Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangyan Huang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoqiang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Junsong Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
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Huang J, Yang X, Wang A, Huang C, Tang H, Zhang Q, Fang Q, Yu Z, Liu X, Huang Q, Zhou R, Li L. Pigs Overexpressing Porcine β-Defensin 2 Display Increased Resilience to Glaesserella parasuis Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9120903. [PMID: 33327385 PMCID: PMC7764891 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the causative agent of Glässer’s disease, Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis has led to serious economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Due to the low cross-protection of vaccines and increasing antimicrobial resistance of G. parasuis, it is important to develop alternative approaches to prevent G. parasuis infection. Defensins are host defense peptides that have been suggested to be promising substitutes for antibiotics in animal production, while porcine β-defensin 2 (PBD-2) is a potent antimicrobial peptide discovered in pigs. Our previous study generated transgenic (TG) pigs overexpressing PBD-2, which displayed enhanced resistance to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. In this study, the antibacterial activities of PBD-2 against G. parasuis are determined in vitro and in the TG pig model. The concentration-dependent bactericidal activity of synthetic PBD-2 against G. parasuis was measured by bacterial counting. Moreover, after being infected with G. parasuis via a cohabitation challenge model, TG pigs overexpressing PBD-2 displayed significantly milder clinical signs and less severe gross pathological changes than their wild-type (WT) littermates. The TG pigs also exhibited alleviated lung and brain lesions, while bacterial loads in the lung and brain tissues of the TG pigs were significantly lower than those of the WT pigs. Additionally, lung and brain homogenates from TG pigs possessed enhanced antibacterial activity against G. parasuis when compared with those from the WT pigs. Altogether, these proved that overexpression of PBD-2 could also endow pigs with increased resilience to G. parasuis infection, which further confirmed the potential of using the PBD-2 coding gene to develop disease-resistant pigs and provided a novel strategy to combat G. parasuis as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.H.); (X.Y.); (A.W.); (C.H.); (H.T.); (Q.Z.); (Q.F.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.H.); (X.Y.); (A.W.); (C.H.); (H.T.); (Q.Z.); (Q.F.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Antian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.H.); (X.Y.); (A.W.); (C.H.); (H.T.); (Q.Z.); (Q.F.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.H.); (X.Y.); (A.W.); (C.H.); (H.T.); (Q.Z.); (Q.F.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.H.); (X.Y.); (A.W.); (C.H.); (H.T.); (Q.Z.); (Q.F.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.H.); (X.Y.); (A.W.); (C.H.); (H.T.); (Q.Z.); (Q.F.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.H.); (X.Y.); (A.W.); (C.H.); (H.T.); (Q.Z.); (Q.F.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zuming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.H.); (X.Y.); (A.W.); (C.H.); (H.T.); (Q.Z.); (Q.F.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.H.); (X.Y.); (A.W.); (C.H.); (H.T.); (Q.Z.); (Q.F.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.H.); (X.Y.); (A.W.); (C.H.); (H.T.); (Q.Z.); (Q.F.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.H.); (X.Y.); (A.W.); (C.H.); (H.T.); (Q.Z.); (Q.F.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.H.); (X.Y.); (A.W.); (C.H.); (H.T.); (Q.Z.); (Q.F.); (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (L.L.)
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Wang H, Li G, Zhong C, Mo J, Sun Y, Shi J, Zhou R, Li Z, Wu Z, Liu D, Zhang X. Generation of Multi- Transgenic Pigs Using PiggyBac Transposons Co-expressing Pectinase, Xylanase, Cellulase, β-1.3-1.4-Glucanase and Phytase. Front Genet 2020; 11:597841. [PMID: 33329743 PMCID: PMC7734351 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.597841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current challenges facing the pork industry are to maximize feed efficiency and minimize fecal emissions. Unlike ruminants, pigs lack several digestive enzymes such as pectinase, xylanase, cellulase, β-1.3-1.4-glucanase, and phytase which are essential to hydrolyze the cell walls of grains to release endocellular nutrients into their digestive tracts. Herein, we synthesized multiple cellulase and pectinase genes derived from lower organisms and then codon-optimized these genes to be expressed in pigs. These genes were then cloned into our previously optimized XynB (xylanase)- EsAPPA (phytase) bicistronic construct. We then successfully generated transgenic pigs that expressed the four enzymes [Pg7fn (pectinase), XynB (xylanase), EsAPPA (phytase), and TeEGI (cellulase and β-glucanase)] using somatic cell cloning. The expression of these genes was parotid gland specific. Enzymatic assays using the saliva of these founders demonstrated high levels of phytase (2.0∼3.4 U/mL) and xylanase (0.25∼0.42 U/mL) activities, but low levels of pectinase (0.06∼0.08 U/mL) activity. These multi-transgenic pigs are expected to contribute to enhance feed utilization and reduce environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqiang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoling Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuili Zhong
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Jianxin Mo
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Junsong Shi
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Zicong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
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11
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Huang J, Wang A, Huang C, Sun Y, Song B, Zhou R, Li L. Generation of Marker-Free pbd-2 Knock-in Pigs Using the CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/loxP Systems. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080951. [PMID: 32824735 PMCID: PMC7465224 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine β-defensin 2 (PBD-2), expressed by different tissues of pigs, is a multifunctional cationic peptide with antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and growth-promoting abilities. As the latest generation of genome-editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9 system makes it possible to enhance the expression of PBD-2 in pigs by site-specific knock-in of pbd-2 gene into the pig genome. In this study, we aimed to generate marker-free pbd-2 knock-in pigs using the CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/loxP systems. Two copies of pbd-2 gene linked by a T2A sequence were inserted into the porcine Rosa26 locus through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair. The floxed selectable marker gene neoR, used for G418 screening of positive cell clones, was removed by cell-penetrating Cre recombinase with a recombination efficiency of 48.3%. Cloned piglets were produced via somatic cell nuclear transfer and correct insertion of pbd-2 genes was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses indicated that expression levels of PBD-2 in different tissues of transgenic (TG) piglets were significantly higher than those of their wild-type (WT) littermates. Bactericidal assays demonstrated that there was a significant increase in the antimicrobial properties of the cell culture supernatants of porcine ear fibroblasts from the TG pigs in comparison to those from the WT pigs. Altogether, our study improved the protein expression level of PBD-2 in pigs by site-specific integration of pbd-2 into the pig genome, which not only provided an effective pig model to study the anti-infection mechanisms of PBD-2 but also a promising genetic material for the breeding of disease-resistant pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.H.); (C.H.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.W.); (Y.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Antian Wang
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.W.); (Y.S.); (B.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.H.); (C.H.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.W.); (Y.S.); (B.S.)
| | - Yufan Sun
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.W.); (Y.S.); (B.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bingxiao Song
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.W.); (Y.S.); (B.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.H.); (C.H.)
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Lu Li
- Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.W.); (Y.S.); (B.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (L.L.)
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12
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Gaba RC, Elkhadragy L, Boas FE, Chaki S, Chen HH, El-Kebir M, Garcia KD, Giurini EF, Guzman G, LoBianco FV, Neto MF, Newson JL, Qazi A, Regan M, Rund LA, Schwind RM, Stewart MC, Thomas FM, Whiteley HE, Wu J, Schook LB, Schachtschneider KM. Development and comprehensive characterization of porcine hepatocellular carcinoma for translational liver cancer investigation. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2686-2701. [PMID: 32733642 PMCID: PMC7367657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. New animal models that faithfully recapitulate human HCC phenotypes are required to address unmet clinical needs and advance standard-of-care therapeutics. This study utilized the Oncopig Cancer Model to develop a translational porcine HCC model which can serve as a bridge between murine studies and human clinical practice. Reliable development of Oncopig HCC cell lines was demonstrated through hepatocyte isolation and Cre recombinase exposure across 15 Oncopigs. Oncopig and human HCC cell lines displayed similar cell cycle lengths, alpha-fetoprotein production, arginase-1 staining, chemosusceptibility, and drug metabolizing enzyme expression. The ability of Oncopig HCC cells to consistently produce tumors in vivo was confirmed via subcutaneous (SQ) injection into immunodeficient mice and Oncopigs. Reproducible development of intrahepatic tumors in an alcohol-induced fibrotic microenvironment was achieved via engraftment of SQ tumors into fibrotic Oncopig livers. Whole-genome sequencing demontrated intrahepatic tumor tissue resembled human HCC at the genomic level. Finally, Oncopig HCC cells are amenable to gene editing for development of personalized HCC tumors. This study provides a novel, clinically-relevant porcine HCC model which holds great promise for improving HCC outcomes through testing of novel therapeutic approaches to accelerate and enhance clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Gaba
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lobna Elkhadragy
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - F Edward Boas
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sulalita Chaki
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hanna H Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohammed El-Kebir
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kelly D Garcia
- Biological Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileena F Giurini
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Grace Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francesca V LoBianco
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Mario F Neto
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jordan L Newson
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aisha Qazi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Maureen Regan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauretta A Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Regina M Schwind
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew C Stewart
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Faith M Thomas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Herbert E Whiteley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lawrence B Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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13
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Hryhorowicz M, Lipiński D, Hryhorowicz S, Nowak-Terpiłowska A, Ryczek N, Zeyland J. Application of Genetically Engineered Pigs in Biomedical Research. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11060670. [PMID: 32575461 PMCID: PMC7349405 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in genetic engineering over the past few decades has made it possible to develop methods that have led to the production of transgenic animals. The development of transgenesis has created new directions in research and possibilities for its practical application. Generating transgenic animal species is not only aimed towards accelerating traditional breeding programs and improving animal health and the quality of animal products for consumption but can also be used in biomedicine. Animal studies are conducted to develop models used in gene function and regulation research and the genetic determinants of certain human diseases. Another direction of research, described in this review, focuses on the use of transgenic animals as a source of high-quality biopharmaceuticals, such as recombinant proteins. The further aspect discussed is the use of genetically modified animals as a source of cells, tissues, and organs for transplantation into human recipients, i.e., xenotransplantation. Numerous studies have shown that the pig (Sus scrofa domestica) is the most suitable species both as a research model for human diseases and as an optimal organ donor for xenotransplantation. Short pregnancy, short generation interval, and high litter size make the production of transgenic pigs less time-consuming in comparison with other livestock species This review describes genetically modified pigs used for biomedical research and the future challenges and perspectives for the use of the swine animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hryhorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland; (D.L.); (A.N.-T.); (N.R.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Lipiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland; (D.L.); (A.N.-T.); (N.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Szymon Hryhorowicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Nowak-Terpiłowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland; (D.L.); (A.N.-T.); (N.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Natalia Ryczek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland; (D.L.); (A.N.-T.); (N.R.); (J.Z.)
| | - Joanna Zeyland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland; (D.L.); (A.N.-T.); (N.R.); (J.Z.)
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14
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Abstract
Genetically engineered pigs that digest their food better could help to reduce phosphorus and nitrogen pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Petersen
- Department of BiotechnologyFriedrich-Loeffler-InstitutGreifswaldGermany
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15
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Cimeno A, French BM, Powell JM, Phelps C, Ayares D, O'Neill NA, Laird CT, Pierson RN, Azimzadeh AM, Barth RN, LaMattina JC. Synthetic liver function is detectable in transgenic porcine livers perfused with human blood. Xenotransplantation 2017; 25. [PMID: 29067741 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In addition to immune barriers, molecular incompatibilities between species are predicted to limit pig liver survival in primate xenotransplantation models. Assessment and measurement of synthetic function of genetically modified porcine livers after ex vivo perfusion with human blood have not previously been described. Eight porcine livers from α1,3-galactosyl transferase knockout and human membrane cofactor (GalTKO.hCD46), six livers from GalTKO.hCD46 and N-glycolylneuraminic acid knockout (GalTKO.hCD46.Neu5GcKO), and six livers from GalTKO.hCD46 with humanized decay-accelerating factor (hCD55), endothelial protein C receptor (hEPCR), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (hTFPI), and integrin-associated protein (hCD47) (GalTKO.hCD46.hCD55.hEPCR.hTFPI.hCD47) pigs were perfused with human blood under physiologic conditions. Timed blood samples were tested for liver enzymes and for pig-specific albumin production via Western blot. Porcine albumin levels increased with time in all experiments. By densitometry, GalTKO.hCD46.Neu5GcKO livers had the highest albumin levels, measured both as total produced, and when controlled for perfusion duration, compared to GalTKO.hCD46 (P = .068) and GalTKO.hCD46.hCD55.hEPCR.hTFPI.hCD47 livers (P = .04). Porcine livers perfused with human blood demonstrated the synthetic ability to produce albumin in all cases. GalTKO.hCD46.Neu5GcKO pig livers demonstrated the most robust albumin production. This suggests that the Neu5GcKO phenotype provides a protective effect on the graft due to decreased human antibody recognition and graft injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Cimeno
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beth M French
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica M Powell
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Natalie A O'Neill
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher T Laird
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard N Pierson
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Agnes M Azimzadeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rolf N Barth
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John C LaMattina
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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16
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Puga Yung G, Bongoni AK, Pradier A, Madelon N, Papaserafeim M, Sfriso R, Ayares DL, Wolf E, Klymiuk N, Bähr A, Constantinescu MA, Voegelin E, Kiermeir D, Jenni H, Rieben R, Seebach JD. Release of pig leukocytes and reduced human NK cell recruitment during ex vivo perfusion of HLA-E/human CD46 double-transgenic pig limbs with human blood. Xenotransplantation 2017; 25. [PMID: 29057510 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pig-to-human xenotransplantation, interactions between human natural killer (NK) cells and porcine endothelial cells (pEC) are characterized by recruitment and cytotoxicity. Protection from xenogeneic NK cytotoxicity can be achieved in vitro by the expression of the non-classical human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) on pEC. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze NK cell responses to vascularized xenografts using an ex vivo perfusion system of pig limbs with human blood. METHODS Six pig forelimbs per group, respectively, stemming from either wild-type (wt) or HLA-E/hCD46 double-transgenic (tg) animals, were perfused ex vivo with heparinized human blood for 12 hours. Blood samples were collected at defined time intervals, cell numbers counted, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells analyzed for phenotype by flow cytometry. Muscle biopsies were analyzed for NK cell infiltration. In vitro NK cytotoxicity assays were performed using pEC derived from wt and tg animals as target cells. RESULTS Ex vivo, a strong reduction in circulating human CD45 leukocytes was observed after 60 minutes of xenoperfusion in both wt and tg limb groups. NK cell numbers dropped significantly. Within the first 10 minutes, the decrease in NK cells was more significant in the wt limb perfusions as compared to tg limbs. Immunohistology of biopsies taken after 12 hours showed less NK cell tissue infiltration in the tg limbs. In vitro, NK cytotoxicity against hCD46 single tg pEC and wt pEC was similar, while lysis of double tg HLA-E/hCD46 pEC was significantly reduced. Finally, circulating cells of pig origin were observed during the ex vivo xenoperfusions. These cells expressed phenotypes mainly of monocytes, B and T lymphocytes, NK cells, as well as some activated endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Ex vivo perfusion of pig forelimbs using whole human blood represents a powerful tool to study humoral and early cell-mediated rejection mechanisms of vascularized pig-to-human xenotransplantation, although there are several limitations of the model. Here, we show that (i) transgenic expression of HLA-E/hCD46 in pig limbs provides partial protection from human NK cell-mediated xeno responses and (ii) the emergence of a pig cell population during xenoperfusions with implications for the immunogenicity of xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisella Puga Yung
- Division of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anjan K Bongoni
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Pradier
- Division of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Madelon
- Division of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Papaserafeim
- Division of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Sfriso
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Bähr
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Esther Voegelin
- Clinic of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Kiermeir
- Clinic of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Jenni
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jörg D Seebach
- Division of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Liu W, Wu LH, Yue M, Nashun B, Tang H, Chen Y, Chen BZ, Yuan J, Xiao D, Gu WW. Generation of DKK1 transgenic Tibet minipigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Oncotarget 2017; 8:74331-9. [PMID: 29088789 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hairless mice have been widely applied in skin-related researches, while hairless pigs will be a useful model for skin-related study and other biomedical researches. Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) is inhibitor of Wnt signaling pathway. Transgenic mice expressing DKK1 transgene under control of a human keratin 14 (K14) promoter display hairless phenotype, which encouraged us to generate transgenic minipigs expressing pig DKK1 transgene under control of K14 promoter and finally achieve hairless minipigs. To generate transgenic cloned pigs, we constructed the lentiviral expression vector pERKDZG which contains two independent expression cassettes, the transcription of Tibet minipig DKK1 and EGFP genes are driven by K14 promoter, while mRFP is regulated under the control of Ef-1α promoter. Prior to generating the transgenic pig, the functionality of pERKDZG construct was verified by fluorescence assay and via checking pDKK1 expression. Subsequently, lentiviruses harboring ERKDZG transgene infected porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs), followed by sorting RFP-positive PEFs by flow cytometry to obtain the purified PEFs carrying ERKDZG, designated DKK1-PEFs as donor cells used for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Finally, we obtained 3 DKK1 transgenic cloned pigs with skin-specific expression of pDKK1 and EGFP transgenes, but unfortunately, DKK1 transgenic cloned pigs don't display hairless phenotype as expected. Taken together, we achieve DKK1 transgenic cloned pigs with skin-specific expression of pDKK1 transgene which provide a pig model for exploring DKK1 gene functions in pigs.
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18
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Zeng F, Li Z, Cai G, Gao W, Jiang G, Liu D, Urschitz J, Moisyadi S, Wu Z. Characterization of Growth and Reproduction Performance, Transgene Integration, Expression, and Transmission Patterns in Transgenic Pigs Produced by piggyBac Transposition-Mediated Gene Transfer. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 27:245-55. [PMID: 27565868 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1178140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previously we successfully produced a group of EGFP-expressing founder transgenic pigs by a newly developed efficient and simple pig transgenesis method based on cytoplasmic injection of piggyBac plasmids. In this study, we investigated the growth and reproduction performance and characterized the transgene insertion, transmission, and expression patterns in transgenic pigs generated by piggyBac transposition. Results showed that transgene has no injurious effect on the growth and reproduction of transgenic pigs. Multiple copies of monogenic EGFP transgene were inserted at noncoding sequences of host genome, and passed from founder transgenic pigs to their transgenic offspring in segregation or linkage manner. The EGFP transgene was ubiquitously expressed in transgenic pigs, and its expression intensity was associated with transgene copy number but not related to its promoter DNA methylation level. To the best of our knowledge, this is first study that fully described the growth and reproduction performance, transgene insertion, expression, and transmission profiles in transgenic pigs produced by piggyBac system. It not only demonstrates that piggyBac transposition-mediated gene transfer is an effective and favorable approach for pig transgenesis, but also provides scientific information for understanding the transgene insertion, expression and transmission patterns in transgenic animals produced by piggyBac transposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zeng
- a National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zicong Li
- a National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- c Institute of Animal Science , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wenchao Gao
- a National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Gelong Jiang
- a National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Dewu Liu
- a National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Johann Urschitz
- d Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawaii , USA
| | - Stefan Moisyadi
- d Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , Hawaii , USA.,e Manoa BioSciences , Honolulu , Hawaii , USA
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- a National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
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19
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Abstract
By genetically engineering pigs to degrade a crucial viral protein, livestock can be made less susceptible to foot and mouth disease virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Ramirez-Carvajal
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, Orient Point, United States
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Orient Point, United States
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20
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Hu S, Qiao J, Fu Q, Chen C, Ni W, Wujiafu S, Ma S, Zhang H, Sheng J, Wang P, Wang D, Huang J, Cao L, Ouyang H. Transgenic shRNA pigs reduce susceptibility to foot and mouth disease virus infection. eLife 2015; 4:e06951. [PMID: 26090904 PMCID: PMC4502569 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an economically devastating viral disease leading to a substantial loss to the swine industry worldwide. A novel alternative strategy is to develop pigs that are genetically resistant to infection. Here, we produce transgenic (TG) pigs that constitutively expressed FMDV-specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) derived from small hairpin RNA (shRNA). In vitro challenge of TG fibroblasts showed the shRNA suppressed viral growth. TG and non-TG pigs were challenged by intramuscular injection with 100 LD50 of FMDV. High fever, severe clinical signs of foot-and-mouth disease and typical histopathological changes were observed in all of the non-TG pigs but in none of the high-siRNA pigs. Our results show that TG shRNA can provide a viable tool for producing animals with enhanced resistance to FMDV. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06951.001 Foot-and-mouth disease regularly causes serious outbreaks in livestock. The virus that causes the disease can infect cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and many species of wild animals; the disease is also highly contagious and spreads very quickly and easily. To control the spread of foot-and-mouth disease, farmers must often kill entire herds of animals that have been exposed. Wild animals that can spread the virus may also be killed in an effort to stop the spread of the disease. Vaccines that protect against foot-and-mouth disease are available and are often used to help prevent the spread of the disease. However, once an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease begins it may be too late for vaccines to stop its spread. This is because the vaccines can take about a week to provide protection, and by that time an exposed animal may already be very ill. Previous work conducted in 2010 reported that mice could be genetically engineered to produce short stretches of RNA molecules that can switch off genes from the foot-and-mouth disease virus. Compared with normal mice infected with the foot-and-mouth disease virus, the genetically engineered mice showed little sign of the disease in their bodies. Now, Hu, Qiao, Fu et al.—including some of the researchers involved in the 2010 work—have genetically engineered pigs in the same way. The experiments show that when cells from these pigs are exposed to the foot-and-mouth disease virus in the laboratory, the virus grows much less than normal. Next, Hu, Qiao, Fu et al. injected genetically engineered pigs and non-genetically engineered pigs with the virus. All of the normal pigs developed severe symptoms very quickly, including the disease's characteristic mouth and foot sores. Additionally, examinations of these pigs' cells showed signs of the disease. But the genetically engineered pigs did not become seriously ill and their cells showed little sign of the disease. Some of the genetically engineered pigs developed a few sores but these sores appeared much later than normal. So far, the results suggest that it may be possible to develop pigs that are resistant to foot-and-mouth disease. Hu, Qiao, Fu et al. will next determine whether or not the genetically engineered pigs can pass the foot-and-mouth virus on to other pigs and livestock. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06951.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wei Ni
- College of Animal Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Sai Wujiafu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Shiwei Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jingliang Sheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Pengyan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiong Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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21
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Higginbotham L, Mathews D, Breeden CA, Song M, Farris AB, Larsen CP, Ford ML, Lutz AJ, Tector M, Newell KA, Tector AJ, Adams AB. Pre-transplant antibody screening and anti-CD154 costimulation blockade promote long-term xenograft survival in a pig-to-primate kidney transplant model. Xenotransplantation 2015. [PMID: 25847130 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12166.pre-transplant] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation has the potential to alleviate the organ shortage that prevents many patients with end-stage renal disease from enjoying the benefits of kidney transplantation. Despite significant advances in other models, pig-to-primate kidney xenotransplantation has met limited success. Preformed anti-pig antibodies are an important component of the xenogeneic immune response. To address this, we screened a cohort of 34 rhesus macaques for anti-pig antibody levels. We then selected animals with both low and high titers of anti-pig antibodies to proceed with kidney transplant from galactose-α1,3-galactose knockout/CD55 transgenic pig donors. All animals received T-cell depletion followed by maintenance therapy with costimulation blockade (either anti-CD154 mAb or belatacept), mycophenolate mofetil, and steroid. The animal with the high titer of anti-pig antibody rejected the kidney xenograft within the first week. Low-titer animals treated with anti-CD154 antibody, but not belatacept exhibited prolonged kidney xenograft survival (>133 and >126 vs. 14 and 21 days, respectively). Long-term surviving animals treated with the anti-CD154-based regimen continue to have normal kidney function and preserved renal architecture without evidence of rejection on biopsies sampled at day 100. This description of the longest reported survival of pig-to-non-human primate kidney xenotransplantation, now >125 days, provides promise for further study and potential clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Higginbotham
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dave Mathews
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cynthia A Breeden
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mingqing Song
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alton Brad Farris
- Anatomic Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christian P Larsen
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew J Lutz
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Transplant Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Tector
- Indiana University Health Transplant Department, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth A Newell
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Joseph Tector
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Transplant Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew B Adams
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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22
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Higginbotham L, Mathews D, Breeden CA, Song M, Farris AB, Larsen CP, Ford ML, Lutz AJ, Tector M, Newell KA, Tector AJ, Adams AB. Pre-transplant antibody screening and anti-CD154 costimulation blockade promote long-term xenograft survival in a pig-to-primate kidney transplant model. Xenotransplantation 2015; 22:221-30. [PMID: 25847130 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation has the potential to alleviate the organ shortage that prevents many patients with end-stage renal disease from enjoying the benefits of kidney transplantation. Despite significant advances in other models, pig-to-primate kidney xenotransplantation has met limited success. Preformed anti-pig antibodies are an important component of the xenogeneic immune response. To address this, we screened a cohort of 34 rhesus macaques for anti-pig antibody levels. We then selected animals with both low and high titers of anti-pig antibodies to proceed with kidney transplant from galactose-α1,3-galactose knockout/CD55 transgenic pig donors. All animals received T-cell depletion followed by maintenance therapy with costimulation blockade (either anti-CD154 mAb or belatacept), mycophenolate mofetil, and steroid. The animal with the high titer of anti-pig antibody rejected the kidney xenograft within the first week. Low-titer animals treated with anti-CD154 antibody, but not belatacept exhibited prolonged kidney xenograft survival (>133 and >126 vs. 14 and 21 days, respectively). Long-term surviving animals treated with the anti-CD154-based regimen continue to have normal kidney function and preserved renal architecture without evidence of rejection on biopsies sampled at day 100. This description of the longest reported survival of pig-to-non-human primate kidney xenotransplantation, now >125 days, provides promise for further study and potential clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Higginbotham
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dave Mathews
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cynthia A Breeden
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mingqing Song
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alton Brad Farris
- Anatomic Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christian P Larsen
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew J Lutz
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Transplant Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Tector
- Indiana University Health Transplant Department, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth A Newell
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Joseph Tector
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Transplant Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew B Adams
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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23
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Thompson P, Badell IR, Lowe M, Cano J, Song M, Leopardi F, Avila J, Ruhil R, Strobert E, Korbutt G, Rayat G, Rajotte R, Iwakoshi N, Larsen CP, Kirk AD. Islet xenotransplantation using gal-deficient neonatal donors improves engraftment and function. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:2593-602. [PMID: 21883917 PMCID: PMC3226931 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03720.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Significant deficiencies in understanding of xenospecific immunity have impeded the success of preclinical trials in xenoislet transplantation. Although galactose-α1,3-galactose, the gal epitope, has emerged as the principal target of rejection in pig-to-primate models of solid organ transplant, the importance of gal-specific immunity in islet xenotransplant models has yet to be clearly demonstrated. Here, we directly compare the immunogenicity, survival and function of neonatal porcine islets (NPIs) from gal-expressing wild-type (WT) or gal-deficient galactosyl transferase knockout (GTKO) donors. Paired diabetic rhesus macaques were transplanted with either WT (n = 5) or GTKO (n = 5) NPIs. Recipient blood glucose, transaminase and serum xenoantibody levels were used to monitor response to transplant. Four of five GTKO versus one of five WT recipients achieved insulin-independent normoglycemia; transplantation of WT islets resulted in significantly greater transaminitis. The WT NPIs were more susceptible to antibody and complement binding and destruction in vitro. Our results confirm that gal is an important variable in xenoislet transplantation. The GTKO NPI recipients have improved rates of normoglycemia, likely due to decreased susceptibility of xenografts to innate immunity mediated by complement and preformed xenoantibody. Therefore, the use of GTKO donors is an important step toward improved consistency and interpretability of results in future xenoislet studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thompson
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - IR Badell
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - M Lowe
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - J Cano
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - M Song
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - F Leopardi
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - J Avila
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - R Ruhil
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - E Strobert
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - G Korbutt
- Surgical-Medical Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2N8, Canada
| | - G Rayat
- Surgical-Medical Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2N8, Canada
| | - R Rajotte
- Surgical-Medical Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2N8, Canada
| | - N Iwakoshi
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - CP Larsen
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
| | - AD Kirk
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA 30322
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