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Schwing A, Pisani DF, Pomares C, Majoor A, Lacas-Gervais S, Jager J, Lemichez E, Marty P, Boyer L, Michel G. Identification of adipocytes as target cells for Leishmania infantum parasites. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21275. [PMID: 34711872 PMCID: PMC8553825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis transmitted by the bite of female sand flies. According to the WHO, the estimated annual incidence of leishmaniasis is one million new cases, resulting in 30,000 deaths per year. The recommended drugs for treating leishmaniasis include Amphotericin B. But over the course of the years, several cases of relapses have been documented. These relapses cast doubt on the efficiency of actual treatments and raise the question of potential persistence sites. Indeed, Leishmania has the ability to persist in humans for long periods of time and even after successful treatment. Several potential persistence sites have already been identified and named as safe targets. As adipose tissue has been proposed as a sanctuary of persistence for several pathogens, we investigated whether Leishmania infantum could be found in this tissue. We demonstrated both in cell cultures and in vivo that Leishmania infantum was able to infect adipocytes. Altogether our results suggest adipocytes as a 'safe target' for Leishmania infantum parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Schwing
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, Inserm, C3M, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, Nice, France
- Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Christelle Pomares
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, Inserm, C3M, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR2001, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Marty
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, Inserm, C3M, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, Nice, France
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Nagajyothi F, Desruisseaux MS, Thiruvur N, Weiss LM, Braunstein VL, Albanese C, Teixeira MM, de Almeida CJ, Lisanti MP, Scherer PE, Tanowitz HB. Trypanosoma cruzi infection of cultured adipocytes results in an inflammatory phenotype. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:1992-7. [PMID: 19186325 PMCID: PMC2771879 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease is accompanied by an intense inflammatory reaction. Our laboratory group has identified adipose tissue as one of the major sites of inflammation during disease progression. Because adipose tissue is composed of many cell types, we were interested in investigating whether the adipocyte per se was a source of inflammatory mediators in this infection. Cultured adipocytes were infected with the Tulahuen strain of T. cruzi for 48-96 h. Immunoblot and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses demonstrated an increase in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin (IL)-1 beta, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10 as well as an increase in the expression of Toll-like receptors-2 and 9 and activation of the notch pathway. Interestingly, caveolin-1 expression was reduced while cyclin D1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) expression was increased. The expression of PI3kinase and the activation of AKT (phosphorylated AKT) were increased suggesting that infection may induce components of the insulin/IGF-1 receptor cascade. There was an infection-associated decrease in adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma). These data provide a mechanism for the increase in the inflammatory phenotype that occurs in T. cruzi-infected adipocytes. Overall, these data implicate the adipocyte as an important target of T. cruzi, and one which contributes significantly to the inflammatory response observed in Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fnu Nagajyothi
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mahalia S. Desruisseaux
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Niranjan Thiruvur
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Vicki L. Braunstein
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cecilia J. de Almeida
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, University of Genoa, Gaslini Pediatric Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, University of Genoa, Gaslini Pediatric Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Herbert B. Tanowitz
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Combs TP, Mukherjee S, de Almeida CJG, Jelicks LA, Schubert W, Lin Y, Jayabalan DS, Zhao D, Braunstein VL, Landskroner-Eiger S, Cordero A, Factor SM, Weiss LM, Lisanti MP, Tanowitz HB, Scherer PE. The adipocyte as an important target cell for Trypanosoma cruzi infection. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:24085-94. [PMID: 15843370 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412802200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an active role in normal metabolic homeostasis as well as in the development of human disease. Beyond its obvious role as a depot for triglycerides, adipose tissue controls energy expenditure through secretion of several factors. Little attention has been given to the role of adipocytes in the pathogenesis of Chagas disease and the associated metabolic alterations. Our previous studies have indicated that hyperglycemia significantly increases parasitemia and mortality in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. We determined the consequences of adipocyte infection in vitro and in vivo. Cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes can be infected with high efficiency. Electron micrographs of infected cells revealed a large number of intracellular parasites that cluster around lipid droplets. Furthermore, infected adipocytes exhibited changes in expression levels of a number of different adipocyte-specific or adipocyte-enriched proteins. The adipocyte is therefore an important target cell during acute Chagas disease. Infection of adipocytes by T. cruzi profoundly influences the pattern of adipokines. During chronic infection, adipocytes may represent an important long-term reservoir for parasites from which relapse of infection can occur. We have demonstrated that acute infection has a unique metabolic profile with a high degree of local inflammation in adipose tissue, hypoadiponectinemia, hypoglycemia, and hypoinsulinemia but with relatively normal glucose disposal during an oral glucose tolerance test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry P Combs
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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