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Li X, Kang Y, Huang Y, Xiao Y, Song L, Lu S, Ren Z. A strain of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron attenuates colonization of Clostridioides difficile and affects intestinal microbiota and bile acids profile in a mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111290. [PMID: 33508620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a growing global public health threat. While fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective therapy for CDI, a number of challenges limit its application. Studies suggest that probiotics may be a promising alternative therapy. In the current study, we evaluated whether Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. thetaiotaomicron) would inhibit colonization of toxigenic BI/NAP1/027 C. difficile in a mouse model. We found that B. thetaiotaomicron administration decreased the copies of C. difficile and inhibited inflammation in the colon. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that B. thetaiotaomicron administration was associated with a significantly increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreased level of Proteobacteria, leading to the reversal of the effect of antibiotics treatment and C. difficile infection on microbiota. B. thetaiotaomicron administration was associated with increases in the concentrations of alpha-muricholic acid, beta-muricholic acid, 12 ketolithocholic acid, and deoxycholic acid which are known to inhibit the growth of C. difficile, as well as reductions in the level of taurocholic acid, which promotes germination of C. difficile. Altered profile of major high abundance bile acids by B. thetaiotaomicron administration was similar to that with FMT treatment. Based on these results, we proposed the concept of "the ratio of promotion/inhibition BAs" which would advance our understanding of the relation of C. difficile and BAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China; Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuchun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liqiong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhihong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function (2018RU010), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Liu H, Shiver AL, Price MN, Carlson HK, Trotter VV, Chen Y, Escalante V, Ray J, Hern KE, Petzold CJ, Turnbaugh PJ, Huang KC, Arkin AP, Deutschbauer AM. Functional genetics of human gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron reveals metabolic requirements for growth across environments. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108789. [PMID: 33657378 PMCID: PMC8121099 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Harnessing the microbiota for beneficial outcomes is limited by our poor understanding of the constituent bacteria, as the functions of most of their genes are unknown. Here, we measure the growth of a barcoded transposon mutant library of the gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron on 48 carbon sources, in the presence of 56 stress-inducing compounds, and during mono-colonization of gnotobiotic mice. We identify 516 genes with a specific phenotype under only one or a few conditions, enabling informed predictions of gene function. For example, we identify a glycoside hydrolase important for growth on type I rhamnogalacturonan, a DUF4861 protein for glycosaminoglycan utilization, a 3-keto-glucoside hydrolase for disaccharide utilization, and a tripartite multidrug resistance system specifically for bile salt tolerance. Furthermore, we show that B. thetaiotaomicron uses alternative enzymes for synthesizing nitrogen-containing metabolic precursors based on ammonium availability and that these enzymes are used differentially in vivo in a diet-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualan Liu
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Anthony L Shiver
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Morgan N Price
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hans K Carlson
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Valentine V Trotter
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Veronica Escalante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jayashree Ray
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kelsey E Hern
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam P Arkin
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Adam M Deutschbauer
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Duan CJ, Baslé A, Liberato MV, Gray J, Nepogodiev SA, Field RA, Juge N, Ndeh D. Ascertaining the biochemical function of an essential pectin methylesterase in the gut microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18625-18637. [PMID: 33097594 PMCID: PMC7939467 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectins are a major dietary nutrient source for the human gut microbiota. The prominent gut microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was recently shown to encode the founding member (BT1017) of a new family of pectin methylesterases essential for the metabolism of the complex pectin rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II). However, biochemical and structural knowledge of this family is lacking. Here, we showed that BT1017 is critical for the metabolism of an RG-II-derived oligosaccharide ΔBT1017oligoB generated by a BT1017 deletion mutant (ΔBT1017) during growth on carbohydrate extract from apple juice. Structural analyses of ΔBT1017oligoB using a combination of enzymatic, mass spectrometric, and NMR approaches revealed that it is a bimethylated nonaoligosaccharide (GlcA-β1,4-(2-O-Me-Xyl-α1,3)-Fuc-α1,4-(GalA-β1,3)-Rha-α1,3-Api-β1,2-(Araf-α1,3)-(GalA-α1,4)-GalA) containing components of the RG-II backbone and its side chains. We showed that the catalytic module of BT1017 adopts an α/β-hydrolase fold, consisting of a central twisted 10-stranded β-sheet sandwiched by several α-helices. This constitutes a new fold for pectin methylesterases, which are predominantly right-handed β-helical proteins. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that the family is dominated by sequences from prominent genera of the human gut microbiota, including Bacteroides and Prevotella Our re-sults not only highlight the critical role played by this family of enzymes in pectin metabolism but also provide new insights into the molecular basis of the adaptation of B. thetaiotaomicron to the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jie Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Arnaud Baslé
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo Visona Liberato
- Laboratório Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joseph Gray
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey A Nepogodiev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Didier Ndeh
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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Maynard A, Butler NL, Ito T, da Silva AJ, Murai M, Chen T, Koffas MAG, Miyoshi H, Barquera B. Antibiotic Korormicin A Kills Bacteria by Producing Reactive Oxygen Species. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:e00718-18. [PMID: 30858300 PMCID: PMC6509656 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00718-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Korormicin is an antibiotic produced by some pseudoalteromonads which selectively kills Gram-negative bacteria that express the Na+-pumping NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (Na+-NQR.) We show that although korormicin is an inhibitor of Na+-NQR, the antibiotic action is not a direct result of inhibiting enzyme activity. Instead, perturbation of electron transfer inside the enzyme promotes a reaction between O2 and one or more redox cofactors in the enzyme (likely the flavin adenine dinucleotide [FAD] and 2Fe-2S center), leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). All Pseudoalteromonas contain the nqr operon in their genomes, including Pseudoalteromonas strain J010, which produces korormicin. We present activity data indicating that this strain expresses an active Na+-NQR and that this enzyme is not susceptible to korormicin inhibition. On the basis of our DNA sequence data, we show that the Na+-NQR of Pseudoalteromonas J010 carries an amino acid substitution (NqrB-G141A; Vibrio cholerae numbering) that in other Na+-NQRs confers resistance against korormicin. This is likely the reason that a functional Na+-NQR is able to exist in a bacterium that produces a compound that typically inhibits this enzyme and causes cell death. Korormicin is an effective antibiotic against such pathogens as Vibrio cholerae, Aliivibrio fischeri, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but has no effect on Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, microorganisms that are important members of the human intestinal microflora.IMPORTANCE As multidrug antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria continues to rise, there is a critical need for novel antimicrobial agents. An essential requirement for a useful antibiotic is that it selectively targets bacteria without significant effects on the eukaryotic hosts. Korormicin is an excellent candidate in this respect because it targets a unique respiratory enzyme found only in prokaryotes, the Na+-pumping NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (Na+-NQR). Korormicin is synthesized by some species of the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas and is a potent and specific inhibitor of Na+-NQR, an enzyme that is essential for the survival and proliferation of many Gram-negative human pathogens, including Vibrio cholerae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, among others. Here, we identified how korormicin selectively kills these bacteria. The binding of korormicin to Na+-NQR promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species generated by the reaction of the FAD and the 2Fe-2S center cofactors with O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Maynard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Nicole L Butler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Takeshi Ito
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Adilson José da Silva
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Masatoshi Murai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsute Chen
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mattheos A G Koffas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Hideto Miyoshi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Blanca Barquera
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
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Lynch A, Tammireddy SR, Doherty MK, Whitfield PD, Clarke DJ. The Glycine Lipids of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Are Important for Fitness during Growth In Vivo and In Vitro. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e02157-18. [PMID: 30367006 PMCID: PMC6498176 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02157-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acylated amino acids function as important components of the cellular membrane in some bacteria. Biosynthesis is initiated by the N-acylation of the amino acid, and this is followed by subsequent O-acylation of the acylated molecule, resulting in the production of the mature diacylated amino acid lipid. In this study, we use both genetics and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to characterize the biosynthesis and function of a diacylated glycine lipid (GL) species produced in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron We, and others, have previously reported the identification of a gene, named glsB in this study, that encodes an N-acyltransferase activity responsible for the production of a monoacylated glycine called N-acyl-3-hydroxy-palmitoyl glycine (or commendamide). In all of the Bacteroidales genomes sequenced so far, the glsB gene is located immediately downstream from a gene, named glsA, that is also predicted to encode a protein with acyltransferase activity. We use LC-MS to show that the coexpression of glsB and glsA results in the production of GL in Escherichia coli We constructed a deletion mutant of the glsB gene in B. thetaiotaomicron, and we confirm that glsB is required for the production of GL in B. thetaiotaomicron Moreover, we show that glsB is important for the ability of B. thetaiotaomicron to adapt to stress and colonize the mammalian gut. Therefore, this report describes the genetic requirements for the biosynthesis of GL, a diacylated amino acid species that contributes to fitness in the human gut bacterium B. thetaiotaomicronIMPORTANCE The gut microbiome has an important role in both health and disease of the host. The mammalian gut microbiome is often dominated by bacteria from the Bacteroidales, an order that includes Bacteroides and Prevotella In this study, we have identified an acylated amino acid, called glycine lipid, produced by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a beneficial bacterium originally isolated from the human gut. In addition to identifying the genes required for the production of glycine lipids, we show that glycine lipids have an important role during the adaptation of B. thetaiotaomicron to a number of environmental stresses, including exposure to either bile or air. We also show that glycine lipids are important for the normal colonization of the murine gut by B. thetaiotaomicron This work identifies glycine lipids as an important fitness determinant in B. thetaiotaomicron and therefore increases our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning colonization of the mammalian gut by beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alli Lynch
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Seshu R Tammireddy
- Lipidomics Research Facility, Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Mary K Doherty
- Lipidomics Research Facility, Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip D Whitfield
- Lipidomics Research Facility, Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - David J Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Tuncil YE, Xiao Y, Porter NT, Reuhs BL, Martens EC, Hamaker BR. Reciprocal Prioritization to Dietary Glycans by Gut Bacteria in a Competitive Environment Promotes Stable Coexistence. mBio 2017; 8:e01068-17. [PMID: 29018117 PMCID: PMC5635687 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01068-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When presented with nutrient mixtures, several human gut Bacteroides species exhibit hierarchical utilization of glycans through a phenomenon that resembles catabolite repression. However, it is unclear how closely these observed physiological changes, often measured by altered transcription of glycan utilization genes, mirror actual glycan depletion. To understand the glycan prioritization strategies of two closely related human gut symbionts, Bacteroides ovatus and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, we performed a series of time course assays in which both species were individually grown in a medium with six different glycans that both species can degrade. Disappearance of the substrates and transcription of the corresponding polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) were measured. Each species utilized some glycans before others, but with different priorities per species, providing insight into species-specific hierarchical preferences. In general, the presence of highly prioritized glycans repressed transcription of genes involved in utilizing lower-priority nutrients. However, transcriptional sensitivity to some glycans varied relative to the residual concentration in the medium, with some PULs that target high-priority substrates remaining highly expressed even after their target glycan had been mostly depleted. Coculturing of these organisms in the same mixture showed that the hierarchical orders generally remained the same, promoting stable coexistence. Polymer length was found to be a contributing factor for glycan utilization, thereby affecting its place in the hierarchy. Our findings not only elucidate how B. ovatus and B. thetaiotaomicron strategically access glycans to maintain coexistence but also support the prioritization of carbohydrate utilization based on carbohydrate structure, advancing our understanding of the relationships between diet and the gut microbiome.IMPORTANCE The microorganisms that reside in the human colon fulfill their energy requirements mainly from diet- and host-derived complex carbohydrates. Members of this ecosystem possess poorly understood strategies to prioritize and compete for these nutrients. Based on direct carbohydrate measurements and corresponding transcriptional analyses, our findings showed that individual bacterial species exhibit different preferences for the same set of glycans and that this prioritization is maintained in a competitive environment, which may promote stable coexistence. Such understanding of gut bacterial glycan utilization will be essential to eliciting predictable changes in the gut microbiota to improve health through the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus E Tuncil
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Food Science Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yao Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nathan T Porter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bradley L Reuhs
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Food Science Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Eric C Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Food Science Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Robinson LS, Lewis WG, Lewis AL. The sialate O-acetylesterase EstA from gut Bacteroidetes species enables sialidase-mediated cross-species foraging of 9- O-acetylated sialoglycans. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11861-11872. [PMID: 28526748 PMCID: PMC5512079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.769232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut harbors many symbiotic, commensal, and pathogenic microbes that break down and metabolize host carbohydrates. Sialic acids are prominent outermost carbohydrates on host glycoproteins called mucins and protect underlying glycan chains from enzymatic degradation. Sialidases produced by some members of the colonic microbiota can promote the expansion of several potential pathogens (e.g. Clostridium difficile, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli) that do not produce sialidases. O-Acetyl ester modifications of sialic acids help resist the action of many sialidases and are present at high levels in the mammalian colon. However, some gut bacteria, in turn, produce sialylate-O-acetylesterases to remove them. Here, we investigated O-acetyl ester removal and sialic acid degradation by Bacteroidetes sialate-O-acetylesterases and sialidases, respectively, and subsequent utilization of host sialic acids by both commensal and pathogenic E. coli strains. In vitro foraging studies demonstrated that sialidase-dependent E. coli growth on mucin is enabled by Bacteroides EstA, a sialate O-acetylesterase acting on glycosidically linked sialylate-O-acetylesterase substrates, particularly at neutral pH. Biochemical studies suggested that spontaneous migration of O-acetyl esters on the sialic acid side chain, which can occur at colonic pH, may serve as a switch controlling EstA-assisted sialic acid liberation. Specifically, EstA did not act on O-acetyl esters in their initial 7-position. However, following migration to the 9-position, glycans with O-acetyl esters became susceptible to the sequential actions of bacterial esterases and sialidases. We conclude that EstA specifically unlocks the nutritive potential of 9-O-acetylated mucus sialic acids for foraging by bacteria that otherwise are prevented from accessing this carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd S Robinson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Warren G Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
| | - Amanda L Lewis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
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Nkamga VD, Lotte R, Roger PM, Drancourt M, Ruimy R. Methanobrevibacter smithii and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron cultivated from a chronic paravertebral muscle abscess. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:1008-1009. [PMID: 27664777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V D Nkamga
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses tropicales et émergentes, Marseille, France
| | - R Lotte
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Université de Nice Côte d'azur, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France; Inserm U1065, C3M, Team6, 'Bacterial toxins in host pathogen interactions', Bâtiment universitaire Archimed, Nice, France
| | - P-M Roger
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - M Drancourt
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses tropicales et émergentes, Marseille, France
| | - R Ruimy
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France; Université de Nice Côte d'azur, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France; Inserm U1065, C3M, Team6, 'Bacterial toxins in host pathogen interactions', Bâtiment universitaire Archimed, Nice, France.
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