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Botelho NK, Tschumi BO, Hubbell JA, Swartz MA, Donda A, Romero P. Combination of Synthetic Long Peptides and XCL1 Fusion Proteins Results in Superior Tumor Control. Front Immunol 2019; 10:294. [PMID: 30863405 PMCID: PMC6399421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-presenting Xcr1+CD8α DCs are attractive APCs to target for therapeutic cancer vaccines, as they are able to take up and process antigen from dying tumor cells for their MHCI-restricted presentation to CD8 T cells. To this aim, we developed fusion proteins made of the Xcr1 ligand Xcl1 fused to an OVA synthetic long peptide (SLP) and IgG1 Fc fragment. We demonstrated the specific binding and uptake of the Xcl1 fusion proteins by Xcr1+ DCs. Most importantly, their potent adjuvant effect on the H-2Kb/OVA specific T cell response was associated with a sustained tumor control even against the poorly immunogenic B16-OVA melanoma tumor. The increased tumor protection correlated with higher tumor infiltration of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, increased IFNγ production and degranulation potential. Altogether, these results demonstrate that therapeutic cancer vaccines may be greatly improved by the combination of SLP antigen and Xcl1 fusion proteins.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Chemokines, C/genetics
- Chemokines, C/immunology
- Chemokines, C/metabolism
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Ovalbumin/genetics
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Ovalbumin/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia K. Botelho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin O. Tschumi
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Melody A. Swartz
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alena Donda
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Nagano T, Wu W, Tsumura K, Yonemoto-Yano H, Kamada T, Haruma K. The inhibitory effect of soybean and soybean isoflavone diets on 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact hypersensitivity in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:991-7. [PMID: 26836235 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1132150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Murine contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is one of the most frequently used animal models of human allergic contact dermatitis. We investigated the inhibitory effects of soybean and soy isoflavone (SI) diets on 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene- (DNFB) induced CHS in mice. The DNFB-induced ear swelling was inhibited in the soy- and SI-treated groups. Histopathological investigations revealed that oral feeding of soybean and SI attenuated ear tissue edema and reduced the number of Gr-1(+) cell infiltrations into ear tissues. DNA microarray analysis showed that the expression of Ccl24, Xcl1, Ifng, and Ccl17 in the ear tissues was lower in the soy-treated mice than in the positive controls. In addition, CCL24 mRNA and protein expression in the ear tissues were more highly suppressed in the soy- and SI-treated groups. These results suggest that soybean and SI consumption downregulated the gene and protein expression of CCL24, thereby affording protection against CHS in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Anti-Allergic Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Allergic Agents/isolation & purification
- Chemokine CCL17/genetics
- Chemokine CCL17/immunology
- Chemokine CCL24/genetics
- Chemokine CCL24/immunology
- Chemokines, C/genetics
- Chemokines, C/immunology
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/diet therapy
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/pathology
- Diet
- Dinitrofluorobenzene/toxicity
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ear/blood supply
- Ear/pathology
- Edema/chemically induced
- Edema/diet therapy
- Edema/immunology
- Edema/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Isoflavones/administration & dosage
- Isoflavones/isolation & purification
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Glycine max/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Nagano
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science and Technology , Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare , Okayama , Japan
| | - Woruna Wu
- a Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science and Technology , Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare , Okayama , Japan
| | | | | | - Tomoari Kamada
- c Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine , Kawasaki Medical School , Okayama , Japan
| | - Ken Haruma
- c Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine , Kawasaki Medical School , Okayama , Japan
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Guzzo C, Fox J, Lin Y, Miao H, Cimbro R, Volkman BF, Fauci AS, Lusso P. The CD8-derived chemokine XCL1/lymphotactin is a conformation-dependent, broad-spectrum inhibitor of HIV-1. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003852. [PMID: 24385911 PMCID: PMC3873461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a key role in the in vivo control of HIV-1 replication via their cytolytic activity as well as their ability to secrete non-lytic soluble suppressive factors. Although the chemokines that naturally bind CCR5 (CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP- 1β, CCL5/RANTES) are major components of the CD8-derived anti-HIV activity, evidence indicates the existence of additional, still undefined, CD8-derived HIV-suppressive factors. Here, we report the characterization of a novel anti-HIV chemokine, XCL1/lymphotactin, a member of the C-chemokine family that is produced primarily by activated CD8+ T cells and behaves as a metamorphic protein, interconverting between two structurally distinct conformations (classic and alternative). We found that XCL1 inhibits a broad spectrum of HIV-1 isolates, irrespective of their coreceptor-usage phenotype. Experiments with stabilized variants of XCL1 demonstrated that HIV-1 inhibition requires access to the alternative, all-β conformation, which interacts with proteoglycans but does not bind/activate the specific XCR1 receptor, while the classic XCL1 conformation is inactive. HIV-1 inhibition by XCL1 was shown to occur at an early stage of infection, via blockade of viral attachment and entry into host cells. Analogous to the recently described anti-HIV effect of the CXC chemokine CXCL4/PF4, XCL1-mediated inhibition is associated with direct interaction of the chemokine with the HIV-1 envelope. These results may open new perspectives for understanding the mechanisms of HIV-1 control and reveal new molecular targets for the design of effective therapeutic and preventive strategies against HIV-1. Although HIV, the causative agent of AIDS, establishes a lifelong infection that cannot be eradicated even with effective treatment, the host immune system has the ability to contain its replication for many years in which the disease remains asymptomatic. Key players in HIV control are CD8+ T cells, specialized immune cells that can not only destroy infected cells, but also secrete soluble factors that suppress the virus without killing infected cells. CD8+ T cells produce multiple HIV-suppressive factors, including certain chemokines (soluble proteins that attract immune cells), which block the virus even before it can gain access to its target cells. In the present study, we characterize a new anti-HIV chemokine, XCL1 or lymphotactin, which is primarily produced by CD8+ T cells. A unique feature of XCL1 is that, unlike other antiviral chemokines, it has a very broad spectrum of activity against different variants of HIV-1 and directly binds the virus outer coat, rather than blocking specific receptors on the target cell. Also unique is that fact that XCL1 adopts two possible conformations, and only one of them is capable of HIV inhibition. These findings may open new avenues for the design of effective drugs or vaccines against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Guzzo
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jamie Fox
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Yin Lin
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Huiyi Miao
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raffaello Cimbro
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian F. Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Anthony S. Fauci
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paolo Lusso
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang T, Huang W, Costa MM, Secombes CJ. The gamma-chain cytokine/receptor system in fish: more ligands and receptors. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2011; 31:673-687. [PMID: 21664274 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian gamma-chain (γC) cytokine family consists of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21. They signal through a receptor complex containing the common γC and a private alpha chain, and in the case of IL-2 and IL-15 an additional common IL-2/15Rβ chain. Deficiency of γC signalling in mammals prevents CD4+ T cells from developing effector functions and CD8+ T cells from developing immunological memory. Thus γC cytokines are critical for the generation and peripheral homeostasis of naïve and memory T cells. This review will give an update on the γC ligands and receptor subunits in fish, and also present some new data on the cloning and expression of a second γC and two IL-2Rβ chains in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. In recent years, aided by the availability of sequenced fish genomes and expressed sequence tag databases, five of the six mammalian γC cytokines and their cognate receptors have been discovered in fish, with only the IL-9/IL-9R homologues apparently absent. Paralogues have been discovered in diploid fish and all the receptors described in the tetraploid rainbow trout, including γC itself, IL-2Rβ, IL-4Rα, IL-13Rα1, IL-13Rα2 and IL-2/15Rα, have duplicates. As a consequence of the teleost and salmonid whole genome duplications, even more paralogues may yet be discovered. Some of the paralogues have changes in domain structures and show differential expression and modulation, suggesting the potential for a change in function. Functional characterisation of fish γC cytokines is beginning but made more difficult by the co-existence of so many paralogues of the ligands and their receptors. Initial functional studies have shown that fish γC cytokines can modulate the expression of key cytokines (e.g. interferon-γ, IL-10 and IL-22) of the adaptive immune response, and may thus have promise as adjuvants to improve vaccination efficiency in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB242TZ, UK
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Ninalga C, Loskog A, Klevenfeldt M, Essand M, Tötterman TH. CpG oligonucleotide therapy cures subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors and evokes protective immunity in murine bladder cancer. J Immunother 2005; 28:20-7. [PMID: 15614041 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-200501000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation is standard immunotherapy for superficial bladder carcinoma. However, many patients become refractory to BCG, giving impetus to the development of alternative therapies. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) therapy has been shown to promote T(H)1-oriented antitumor responses in various tumor models. To investigate its therapeutic effect in bladder cancer, we used different CpG ODNs to treat C57BL/6 mice bearing the subcutaneous murine bladder tumor MB49. CpG type B ODN 1668 was superior at inhibiting tumor growth, leading to complete regression of large tumors. More importantly, CpG ODN 1668 also regressed orthotopically growing MB49 tumors for the first time. Rechallenge of CpG ODN-cured mice with MB49 showed that a majority of the mice were protected long term, demonstrating that CpG ODN therapy evokes a memory response. Adenoviral vectors (Ad) encoding CD40L, tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine, lymphotactin, interleukin (IL) 2, and IL-15 were also investigated. AdCD40L and AdIL-15 transduction could abolish MB49 tumorigenicity, and these vectors were combined with CpG ODN 1668 to investigate any enhanced effects. No such effects were seen. All groups of mice treated with CpG ODNs, alone or in combination with adenoviral vector, exhibited increased serum concentrations of IL-12, indicative of a T(H)1 response. Our results show that CpG ODN therapy cures established subcutaneous and orthotopic bladder cancer via a T(H)1-mediated response and provides long-lasting protective immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Administration, Intravesical
- Animals
- CD40 Ligand/genetics
- CD40 Ligand/immunology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/therapy
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokines, C/genetics
- Chemokines, C/immunology
- DNA/therapeutic use
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Female
- Genetic Therapy
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Interleukin-12/blood
- Interleukin-15/genetics
- Interleukin-15/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/administration & dosage
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/therapeutic use
- Survival Rate
- Transfection
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/immunology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ninalga
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Clinical Immunology Division, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Viswanathan K, Dhabhar FS. Stress-induced enhancement of leukocyte trafficking into sites of surgery or immune activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:5808-13. [PMID: 15817686 PMCID: PMC556309 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0501650102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective immunoprotection requires rapid recruitment of leukocytes into sites of surgery, wounding, infection, or vaccination. In contrast to immunosuppressive chronic stressors, short-term acute stressors have immunoenhancing effects. Here, we quantify leukocyte infiltration within a surgical sponge to elucidate the kinetics, magnitude, subpopulation, and chemoattractant specificity of an acute stress-induced increase in leukocyte trafficking to a site of immune activation. Mice acutely stressed before sponge implantation showed 200-300% higher neutrophil, macrophage, natural killer cell, and T cell infiltration than did nonstressed animals. We also quantified the effects of acute stress on lymphotactin- (LTN; a predominantly lymphocyte-specific chemokine), and TNF-alpha- (a proinflammatory cytokine) stimulated leukocyte infiltration. An additional stress-induced increase in infiltration was observed for neutrophils, in response to TNF-alpha, macrophages, in response to TNF-alpha and LTN, and natural killer cells and T cells in response to LTN. These results show that acute stress initially increases trafficking of all major leukocyte subpopulations to a site of immune activation. Tissue damage-, antigen-, or pathogen-driven chemoattractants subsequently determine which subpopulations are recruited more vigorously. Such stress-induced increases in leukocyte trafficking may enhance immunoprotection during surgery, vaccination, or infection, but may also exacerbate immunopathology during inflammatory (cardiovascular disease or gingivitis) or autoimmune (psoriasis, arthritis, or multiple sclerosis) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Viswanathan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Zhang H, Jiang GP, Zheng SS, Wu LH, Zhu F, Yang ZL. Lymphotactin enhances the in-vitro immune efficacy of dendritoma formed by dendritic cells and mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci 2004; 5:1255-1261. [PMID: 15362198 PMCID: PMC1388731 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2004.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2003] [Accepted: 01/19/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the in-vitro antitumor immune responses of dendritoma formed by mouse hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and lymphotactin (Lptn) gene modified dendritic cells (DCs). METHOD DCs prepared from mouse bone marrow were genetically modified by lymphotactin adenovirus, and fused with H22 cells by polyethylene glycol (PEG). RT-PCR and ELISA were employed to identify lymphotactin expression at mRNA and protein level. Cell phenotypes and fusion efficiency was detected by FACS. The stimulatory effect of DC on T cells was detected by mixed lymphocyte reaction. The cytotoxicity activity against H22 cells was assayed by LDH method. RESULTS Lymphotactin could be efficiently expressed by DCLptn/H22 hybridoma. DCLptn/H22 cells could induce potent T cell proliferation effect and generate strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) reaction against allogenic H22 cells. CONCLUSION Lymphotactin genetic modification could enhance the in vitro immune activity of the dendritoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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Locati M, Allavena P, Sozzani S, Mantovanii A. Shaping and tuning of the chemokine system by regulation of receptor expression and signaling: dendritic cells as a paradigm. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 107:174-7. [PMID: 10854653 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Locati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Eritra 62, 20157, Milan, Italy
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