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Wang W, Kong Y, Li Y, Wan X, Feng F, Ren T, Zhao J, Xiang Y, Yang J. Pulmonary resection of residual lesions of pulmonary metastasis from gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023; 33:1376-1382. [PMID: 37524495 PMCID: PMC10511965 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognosis and recurrence in patients with residual lesions of pulmonary metastasis from gestational trophoblastic neoplasia after initial treatment, and to explore the clinical significance of pulmonary resection. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 606 patients with residual lesions from pulmonary metastasis after receiving standardized chemotherapy as initial treatment in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2002 to December 2018. Patients were divided into surgery (51 patients) and non-surgery (555 patients) groups. The prognosis of these patients was compared. Risk factors affecting recurrence were analyzed to explore the effect of pulmonary resection. RESULTS Among low risk patients, complete remission rate was 100% and recurrence rate was <1% in both groups. Among high risk patients, complete remission and recurrence rates were 93.5% and 10.3% in the surgery group and 94.7% and 14.3% in the non-surgery group, respectively. There was no significant difference in prognostic features between the two groups (all p>0.05). No significant difference was found in recurrence rates based on recurrence risk factors (≥3.2 cm residual lung lesions, prognosis score ≥9.0, and drug resistance) between the two groups (all p>0.05). CONCLUSION After standardized chemotherapy, pulmonary resection was not necessary for initially treated stage III gestational trophoblastic neoplasia patients whose blood β human chorionic gonadotropin levels normalized and residual lung lesions remained stable. These patients should be closely monitored during follow-up, regardless of the size of the residual lung lesions or high/low risk score, especially within a year after complete remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidi Wang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xirun Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fengzhi Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing, China
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Foumane P, Meka EJNU, Essiben F, Botsomogo ÉL, Sama JD, Tompeen I, Belinga E, Mboudou E. [Factors associated with the failure of medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy: case study conducted at the Yaoundé Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital]. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 41:200. [PMID: 35685101 PMCID: PMC9146590 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.200.21175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction the purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the failure of medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy (EP) in women at the Yaoundé Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital. Methods we conducted a case-control study using a retrospective data collection over a 10-year period from January 1st 2008 to December 31st 2017. Our study included all patients treated for EP; the study group was composed of patients in whom medical treatment had been unsuccessful while the control group was composed of patients in whom medical treatment had been successful. The variables studied were: socio-demographic, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic features. Consecutive and complete sampling were used. Multivariate analysis was performed. Results we enrolled 92 patients, including 23 cases and 69 controls. The variables associated with the failure of medical treatment for EP after univariate analysis were: initial β-HCG (beta-human chorionic gonadotropin) level > 10000IU/L (OR=3.05; P=0.031), β-HCG level on day 4 > 10000IU/L (OR=7.15;P=0.000), β-HCG level on day 7 > 10000UI/L (OR=20; P=0.000), Fernandez score ≥ 13 (OR=3.09;P=0.020), the presence of fetal heart activity (OR=2.8; P=0.036), a history of voluntary abortion (OR=2.67;P=0.043) and primary level of education. (P=0.013). After multivariate analysis, predictors were: initial β-HCG level>10000 IU/L (OR=8.97; P=0.004), β-HCG level on day 4>10000 IU/L (OR=8.44;P= 0.007), Fernandez score ≥ 13 (OR=1.12;P=0.005), and the presence of fetal heart activity (OR=6.09;P=0,026). Conclusion at the Yaoundé Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital predictors of failure of medical treatment for EP were related to initial β-HCG level and fetal viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Foumane
- Département de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Hopital Gynéco Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Esther Juliette Ngo Um Meka
- Département de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Hopital Gynéco Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Félix Essiben
- Département de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | | | - Julius Dohbit Sama
- Département de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
- Hopital Gynéco Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Isidore Tompeen
- Hopital Gynéco Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Etienne Belinga
- Département de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - Emile Mboudou
- Département de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
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Vuorenoja S, Mohanty BP, Arola J, Huhtaniemi I, Toppari J, Rahman NA. Hecate-CGbeta conjugate and gonadotropin suppression shows two distinct mechanisms of action in the treatment of adrenocortical tumors in transgenic mice expressing Simian Virus 40 T antigen under inhibin-alpha promoter. Endocr Relat Cancer 2009; 16:549-64. [PMID: 19261682 DOI: 10.1677/erc-08-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lytic peptide Hecate (23-amino acid (AA)) fused with a 15-AA fragment of human chorionic gonadotropin-beta (CG-beta), Hecate-CGbeta conjugate (H-CGbeta-c) selectively binds to and destroys tumor cells expressing LH/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (Lhcgr). Transgenic mice (6.5 month old) expressing SV40 T-antigen under the inhibin-alpha promoter (inhalpha/Tag) presenting with Lhcgr expressing adrenal tumors were treated either with H-CGbeta-c, GnRH antagonist (GnRH-a), estradiol (E(2); only females) or their combinations for 1 month. We expected that GnRH-a or E(2) in combination with H-CGbeta-c could improve the treatment efficacy especially in females by decreasing circulating LH and eliminating the potential competition of serum LH with the H-CGbeta-c. GnRH-a and H-CGbeta-c treatments were successful in males (adrenal weights 14 +/- 2.8 mg and 60 +/- 26 vs 237 +/- 59 mg in controls; P < 0.05). Histopathologically, GnRH-a apparently destroyed the adrenal parenchyma leaving only the fibrotic capsule with few necrotic foci. In females, H-CGbeta-c was totally ineffective, whereas GnRH-a (19 +/- 5 mg) or E(2) (77 +/- 50 mg) significantly reduced the adrenal weights compared with controls (330 +/- 70 mg). Adrenal morphometry, cell proliferation markers, post-treatment suppression of serum progesterone, and quantitative RT-PCR of GATA-4, Lhcgr, and GATA-6 further supported the positive outcome. H-CGbeta-c selectively killed the Lhcgr expressing tumor cells, whereas GnRH-a blocked tumor progression through gonadotropin suppression, emphasizing the gonadotropin dependency of these adrenocortical tumors. If extrapolated to humans, H-CGbeta-c could be considered for the treatment of gonadotropin-dependent adrenal tumors in males, whereas in females gonadotropin suppression, but not H-CGbeta-c, would work better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Vuorenoja
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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Rivero-Müller A, Vuorenoja S, Tuominen M, Wacławik A, Brokken LJS, Ziecik AJ, Huhtaniemi I, Rahman NA. Use of hecate-chorionic gonadotropin beta conjugate in therapy of lutenizing hormone receptor expressing gonadal somatic cell tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 269:17-25. [PMID: 17363137 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of cancer treatment is a major challenge of medical research. Despite the immense efforts made in the improvement of diagnosis and treatment, cancer remains a major concern and cause of morbidity and mortality. Most of the modern anti-neoplastic therapies have severe side effects, and tumor cells often develop drug resistance. There is promise in the new generation of treatments (gene therapy, immunotherapy, vaccines, etc.) that are under development, but the efficacies and side effects of such therapies have so far been disappointing. Receptor-based therapies are not new, but many normal cells also present the same receptors reducing the specificity of such approaches. Several lytic peptides have been investigated because of they appear to kill cancer cells due to changes of their membrane potential. Thus, linking receptor-specific ligands to lytic peptides is expected to augment the specificity of targeting and decrease the toxicity of lytic peptides on normal cells. One such polypeptide is hecate (an analogue to the bee venom main component, melittin) that preferentially kills cancer cells at low doses. When this peptide is fused with the 81-95 amino acid fragment of chorionic gonadotropin-beta (CGbeta) subunit (hecate-CGbeta), it targets cells expressing luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), even at very low doses, or when LHR is expressed at low level. Our recent data showed that this peptide conjugate is efficient in destroying LHR-positive cells in xenografts and more importantly in transgenic mouse models developing LHR-positive somatic cell tumors in gonads. The mechanism of action of hecate-CGbeta after binding to LHR is destruction of cell membranes resulting in rapid cell death by necrosis with minimal side effects. This review summarizes our findings on the action of this novel peptide and considers the future potential of this family of targeting peptides in the treatment of neoplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rivero-Müller
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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Hansel W, Leuschner C, Enright F. Conjugates of lytic peptides and LHRH or betaCG target and cause necrosis of prostate cancers and metastases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 269:26-33. [PMID: 17382461 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2006] [Revised: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments, it was shown that membrane disrupting lytic peptides (Hecate, Phor14, or Phor21) conjugated to a 15 amino acid segment of the beta chain of CG or to LHRH were able to target and destroy hormone dependent and independent human prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice. In vitro sensitivity of the cells to the drugs was directly related to LH/CG receptor expression, and pretreatment in vitro or in vivo with estrogens or FSH to enhance LH/CG receptor expression capacity and increased sensitivity to the drugs. Administration of unconjugated Hecate and LHRH was ineffective. Most importantly, all of the lytic peptide-betaCG conjugates tested were highly effective in destroying prostate cancer metastatic cells in lymph nodes, bones and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hansel
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States.
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Hansel W, Enright F, Leuschner C. Destruction of breast cancers and their metastases by lytic peptide conjugates in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 260-262:183-9. [PMID: 17101210 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Accepted: 12/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments, the concept has been established that breast cancer cells that express LH/CG or LHRH receptors can be targeted and destroyed by constructs consisting of a lytic peptide moiety and a 15-amino acid segment of the beta-chain of CG or by an LHRH lytic peptide conjugate. Data obtained in vitro established the validity of this concept, showed the specificities of the Hecate-betaCG, and Phor14 and Phor21-betaCG conjugates in killing cells that express functional LH/CG receptors and proved that the LH/CG receptor capacity is directly related to the compound's specificity. In in vivo experiments, Hecate-betaCG, Phor14-betaCG, and Phor21-betaCG(ala) each caused highly significant reductions of tumor volume and tumor burden in nude mice bearing breast cancer xenografts; Hecate and Phor21 alone or conjugated with non-specific peptides were not effective. Most importantly, the lytic peptide conjugates were all highly effective in targeting and destroying disseminated breast cancer metastases in lymph nodes, bones, lungs and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hansel
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States.
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7
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Bodek G, Vierre S, Rivero-Müller A, Huhtaniemi I, Ziecik AJ, Rahman NA. A novel targeted therapy of Leydig and granulosa cell tumors through the luteinizing hormone receptor using a hecate-chorionic gonadotropin beta conjugate in transgenic mice. Neoplasia 2005; 7:497-508. [PMID: 15967102 PMCID: PMC1501163 DOI: 10.1593/neo.04751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2004] [Revised: 12/31/2004] [Accepted: 01/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antitumoral efficacy, endocrine consequences, and molecular mechanisms underlying cell death induced by the Hecate-chorionic gonadotropin (CG)beta conjugate, a fusion protein of a 23-amino acid lytic peptide Hecate with a 15-amino acid (81-95) fragment of the human CGbeta chain. Transgenic (TG) mice expressing the inhibin alpha-subunit promoter (inhalpha)/Simian Virus 40 T-antigen (Tag) transgene, developing luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor (R) expressing Leydig and granulosa cell tumors, and wild-type control littermates were treated either with vehicle, Hecate, or Hecate-CGbeta conjugate for 3 weeks. Hecate-CGbeta conjugate treatment reduced the testicular and ovarian tumor burden (P < .05), whereas a concomitant increase (testis; P < .05) or no change (ovary) in tumor volumes occured with Hectate treatment. A drop in serum progesterone, produced by the tumors, and an increase in LH levels occured in Hecate-CGbeta treated mice, in comparison with vehicle and Hecate groups, providing further support for the positive treatment response. Hecate-CGbeta conjugate induced a rapid and cell-specific membrane permeabilization of LHR-expressing cells in vitro, suggesting a necrotic mode of cell death without activation of apoptosis. These results prove the principle that the Hecate-CGbeta conjugate provides a novel specific lead into gonadal somatic cell cancer therapy by targeted destruction of LHR-expressing tumor cells.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Northern
- Caspase 3
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cell Death
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Separation
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/chemistry
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Activation
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Granulosa Cell Tumor/therapy
- Humans
- Leydig Cell Tumor/therapy
- Male
- Melitten/analogs & derivatives
- Melitten/chemistry
- Melitten/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Necrosis
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Progesterone/blood
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, LH/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Testicular Neoplasms/therapy
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bodek
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn 10-714, Poland
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8
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Battaglia C, Regnani G, Marsella T, Facchinetti F, Volpe A, Venturoli S, Flamigni C. Adjuvant L-arginine treatment in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation: a double-blind, randomized study. Hum Reprod 2002; 17:659-65. [PMID: 11870119 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/17.3.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced vascularization appears to be important for follicular selection and maturation in both spontaneous and stimulated IVF cycles. Nitric oxide, formed in vivo from L-arginine, may play a key role in follicular maturation and ovulation. METHODS To evaluate the role of L-arginine supplementation in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, 37 IVF patients were divided into two groups according to ovarian stimulation protocols: group I, GnRH agonist plus pure (p)FSH plus oral L-arginine (n = 18); and group II, GnRH agonist plus pFSH plus placebo (n = 19). Hormonal, ultrasonographic and Doppler evaluations were performed, and plasma and follicular fluid nitrite/nitrate concentrations were monitored. RESULTS Thirty-two patients completed the study. In group I (n = 16), plasma L-arginine concentrations increased from (basal) 87 +/- 12 micromol to 279 +/- 31 micromol (P = 0.002) on the day of beta-HCG administration. In this group, pFSH treatment was shorter (P = 0.039) than in group II (n = 16). The number of the follicles > or =17mm was lower (P = 0.038) in group I than group II. The "good quality" embryos were fewer in number (P = 0.034) and pregnancy rate, both per patient (P = 0.024) and per embryo transfer (P = 0.019), was lower in group I. In the L-arginine group, an increased follicular fluid concentration of nitrite/nitrate was observed. On day 8 of the cycle, elevated plasma estradiol levels were associated with decreased blood flow resistances of perifollicular arteries. Follicular fluid concentrations of nitrite/nitrate were inversely correlated with embryo quality (r = -0.613; P = 0.005) and perifollicular artery pulsatility index (r = -0.609; P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS L-Arginine supplementation may be detrimental to embryo quality and pregnancy rate during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Battaglia
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 13, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
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Papier S, Lipowicz R, De Vincentiis S, Nodar F, Olmedo SB, Acosta A. Pregnancy obtained by the transfer of frozen-thawed embryos originating from a rescued empty follicle syndrome cycle. Fertil Steril 2000; 74:603-4. [PMID: 10973665 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Papier
- Center for Studies in Gynecology and Reproduction, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Shih IM, Torrance C, Sokoll LJ, Chan DW, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. Assessing tumors in living animals through measurement of urinary beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. Nat Med 2000; 6:711-4. [PMID: 10835692 DOI: 10.1038/76299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/urine
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/genetics
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/therapeutic use
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/urine
- Female
- Genetic Engineering
- Humans
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/physiopathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/urine
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Shih
- The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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Kurtzman JT, Spinnato JA, Goldsmith LJ, Zimmerman MJ, Klem M, Lei ZM, Rao CV. Human chorionic gonadotropin exhibits potent inhibition of preterm delivery in a small animal model. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 181:853-7. [PMID: 10521741 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test the capability of human chorionic gonadotropin to inhibit prostaglandin-induced preterm delivery in a murine model. STUDY DESIGN A preterm delivery model was developed by using intraperitoneal injection of 20 microgram of prostaglandin F(2)(alpha) to induce preterm labor in C3H/HeN inbred mice. Mice were then pretreated with human chorionic gonadotropin 4 hours before administration of prostaglandin F(2)(alpha), and time to delivery of the first pup was recorded. After initial promising results, mice were then given increasing intraperitoneal doses of human chorionic gonadotropin (100 IU, 250 IU, or 1000 IU or sodium chloride solution vehicle) 4 hours after administration of prostaglandin F(2)(alpha). The specificity of the human chorionic gonadotropin effect was assessed by treating mice with whole human chorionic gonadotropin, an equal mass dose of the beta-subunit or the alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, or an equal mass dose of luteinizing hormone 4 hours after administration of prostaglandin F(2)(alpha). Delivery times between groups were compared by using the Mann-Whitney U test and the log-rank test. Survival estimates were computed by using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Pilot studies in 52 mice confirmed that a single intraperitoneal injection of 20 microgram of prostaglandin F(2)(alpha) on day 16 (80% gestation) consistently induced preterm delivery compared with the effect of sodium chloride solution on control mice (prostaglandin F(2)(alpha), 19.3 +/- 2.9 hours; sodium chloride solution, 53.5 +/- 13.6 hours; P <.0001). Mice pretreated with human chorionic gonadotropin (1000 IU) demonstrated significant delays in delivery times compared with the prostaglandin-only group (prostaglandin F(2)(alpha) only, 21.9 +/- 2. 0 hours; human chorionic gonadotropin pretreatment plus prostaglandin F(2)(alpha), 48.5 +/- 20 hours; P <.0001; n = 17). Mice treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (100 IU, 250 IU, 1000 IU) 4 hours after administration of prostaglandin F(2)(alpha) demonstrated significant dose-dependent inhibition of preterm delivery compared with the prostaglandin-only group (P <.00005; n = 34). Mice treated with the alpha-subunit or the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin after prostaglandin administration did not demonstrate delays in delivery times (P =.46; n = 27). Administration of luteinizing hormone delayed delivery compared with the effect of prostaglandin F(2)(alpha) on control animals (P <.05; n = 17); however, the effect was less pronounced than that seen with a mass equivalent of human chorionic gonadotropin. CONCLUSIONS Human chorionic gonadotropin exhibits potent inhibition of prostaglandin-induced preterm delivery in mice. The effect is dose-dependent, and whole human chorionic gonadotropin is required to elicit inhibition. Further studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of human chorionic gonadotropin as a potential therapy for preterm labor inhibition in human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Kurtzman
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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12
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Pimenta A. [Cryptorchidism. The clinical implications]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 1999; 12:131-6. [PMID: 10423887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper briefly reviews the literature on testicular descent and management implications for cryptorchidism. At present, we believe that descent of the testes in humans is a complex event mediated by both hormonal and mechanical factors. There is now good evidence that testicular descent occurs in two morphologic and hormonally distinct phases. Relative "transabdominal migration", which occurs in the 8th and 15th week of gestation, and "inguinoscrotal" migration, which occurs in the 28th and 35th week of gestation. The first phase is controlled by the Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF), although this remains controversial. The second phase is androgen--dependent and mediated through the release nerve of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide from the genitofemoral. Cryptorchidism can therefore result when any one or more of the involved factors malfunction. The therapeutic use of hCG has, however, been disappointing, and its role is confined to helping to distinguish the undescended testis. The demonstration of the pathological changes after one year of age has recently dictated much earlier surgical correction, but long-term follow-up is needed to prove the clinical benefit of this practice.
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13
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Delbrouck C, Kampouridis S, Chantrain G. An unusual localisation of Kaposi's sarcoma: the external auditory canal. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg 1998; 52:29-36. [PMID: 9581194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic form of Kaposi's sarcoma is associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Cutaneous and mucosal manifestations are frequently reported in the ENT sphere, mostly involving the oral cavity. The external and middle ear are only rarely concerned with only one case of a mastoid lesion without extension to the external auditory canal (EAC) being reported to this day. The present article describes the first case of involvement of the EAC with extension to adjacent structures. This patient presented other Kaposi lesions and had been treated by systemic hormonal therapy. Thereafter local injection of a cytotoxic agent was given without effect. Finally, radiotherapy resulted in a 50% regression of the tumour mass. The epidemiologic factors and therapeutic modalities with their results are described.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Cell Movement
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/therapeutic use
- Ear Canal/pathology
- Ear Canal/radiation effects
- Ear Neoplasms/complications
- Ear Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Ear Neoplasms/therapy
- Gadolinium
- Hearing Loss, Conductive/diagnosis
- Hearing Loss, Conductive/etiology
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology
- Palate/pathology
- Pharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology
- Radioisotopes
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/therapy
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Vinblastine/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delbrouck
- Department of Ear, Nose, Throat, Head and Neck Surgery, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
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Triozzi PL, Stevens VC, Aldrich W, Powell J, Todd CW, Newman MJ. Effects of a beta-human chorionic gonadotropin subunit immunogen administered in aqueous solution with a novel nonionic block copolymer adjuvant in patients with advanced cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1997; 3:2355-62. [PMID: 9815634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The clinical and immunological effects of a vaccine consisting of CTP37, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the COOH-terminal peptide (CTP) of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) conjugated to diphtheria toxoid, combined with CRL 1005, a novel synthetic nonionic block copolymer adjuvant, were examined. Twenty-one patients with metastatic, nontrophoblastic cancers received up to four immunizations by i.m. injection of a fixed dose of CTP37 and escalating doses of CRL 1005. Doses of CRL 1005 adjuvant as high as 75 mg were administered with 1 mg of CTP37 without evidence of significant local or systemic toxicity. Immunizations resulted in the production of IgG antibody to beta-hCG. CRL 1005 doses of 3-25 mg appeared to be optimal for antibody induction. Immunizations also resulted in increases in the cellular response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to the unconjugated CTP, hCG, and diphtheria toxoid. Responding PBMCs specifically secreted the TH1-associated cytokines IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 as well as the TH2-associated IL-5 and IL-10. Increased expression of IFN gamma and IL-5 mRNAs by PBMCs 4 h after immunization was also observed. CRL 1005 administered with CTP37 in aqueous solution is well tolerated. The CTP37-CRL 1005 subunit vaccine has the capacity to stimulate potentially beneficial humoral and cellular immune responses in patients with advanced cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/toxicity
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibody Formation
- Chorionic Gonadotropin
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/administration & dosage
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/adverse effects
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/therapeutic use
- Diphtheria Toxoid/administration & dosage
- Diphtheria Toxoid/therapeutic use
- Female
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interleukin-2/genetics
- Interleukin-5/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester/administration & dosage
- Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester/pharmacokinetics
- Polymers
- Solutions
- Th1 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Triozzi
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 410 West 10th Ave, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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15
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Kumar B, Quenby S, Farquharson R. Oligomenorrhoea, polycystic ovary syndrome and recurring miscarriage. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 1997; 58:514-6. [PMID: 10193455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Liverpool Women's Hospital
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16
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Witzke O, Hense J, Reinhardt W, Reiner C, Hoermann R, Philipp T. Beta-human choriogonadotropin therapy and HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Eur J Med Res 1997; 2:155-8. [PMID: 9110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, two clinical trials demonstrated an antitumour effect of systemic high-dose beta-hCG therapy and of different regimens of local beta-hCG injections in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. We report the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous beta-hCG treatment (low-dose (2500-25000 IU/day) or high dose (25000-100000 IU/day)) in eight patients with advanced HIV disease in whom systemic chemotherapy and radiation were contraindicated or had failed. During therapy, serum hCG-concentrations as well as LH and FSH were measured. In the low-dose regimen one partial response was achieved. In the high-dose regimen, one patient maintained his response without further improvement. Three patients had stable disease and four patients disease progression. Serious side effects related to beta-hCG therapy were not observed. In conclusion, systemic beta-hCG-therapy for Kaposi's sarcoma is safe but associated with regression only in a minority of patients with advanced HIV-disease.
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MESH Headings
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications
- Adult
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/administration & dosage
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/blood
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/blood
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/blood
- Skin Neoplasms/complications
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- O Witzke
- Universitaetsklinikum Essen, Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung fuer Nieren- und Hochdruckkrankheiten, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen D-45147, Germany
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De SK, Wohlenberg CR, Marinos NJ, Doodnauth D, Bryant JL, Notkins AL. Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone prevents wasting syndrome and death in HIV-1 transgenic mice. J Clin Invest 1997; 99:1484-91. [PMID: 9119991 PMCID: PMC507967 DOI: 10.1172/jci119310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
At birth, transgenic mice, homozygous for the HIV-1 provirus pNL4-3, deleted in gag/pol, are normal in appearance and weight. Within several days after birth, the pups develop a syndrome characterized by dry, scaly, hyperkeratotic skin, growth failure, and death. The possibility that the homozygous embryos are being protected during gestation by a maternal factor led us to treat the newborn animals with various pregnancy-related hormones including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), estrogen, progesterone, and dexamethasone. Treatment with hCG prevented death, led to normal growth, and markedly reduced skin lesions. In contrast to the skin of the untreated homozygous pups, which expressed high levels of HIV mRNA and proteins (i.e., gp120 and Nef), the skin of the hCG-treated pups showed a marked reduction in both HIV mRNA and proteins. Discontinuation of hCG resulted in the reappearance of HIV transcripts and proteins, skin lesions, and growth failure resulting in death. In addition, HIV transcripts and proteins were reduced significantly in heterozygous mothers during pregnancy, but reappeared after parturition. Similarly, hCG treatment resulted in a decrease of HIV proteins in the skin of nonpregnant heterozygous transgenic mice. These findings suggest that the inhibiting effect of hCG on HIV expression may be clinically useful in the treatment of HIV infections, and may be responsible, during pregnancy, for the low transmission of HIV from infected mothers to their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K De
- Laboratory of Oral Medicine, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Tirelli U, Tavio M, Giacca M, De Paoli P. Human chorionic gonadotrophin in the treatment of HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma. AIDS 1997; 11:387-8. [PMID: 9147434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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19
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Arango O, Bielsa O, Pascual-Calvet J, Herrero M, Gelabert-Mas A. [Disappearance of migraine crises in two patients with male infertility treated with human chorionic gonadotropin/human menopausal gonadotrophin]. Rev Neurol 1996; 24:977-9. [PMID: 8755360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Two patients aged 52 and 31 respectively, treated for male infertility with gonadotrophins (LCG/LMG), showed marked improvement of their migraine crises associated with a typical aura which had been present since puberty. Changes in the number, motility and morphology of the spermatozoids were seen in the seminogram. The plasma concentrations of FSH, LH, testosterone an 17-beta oestrodiol were within normal limits. After three months of empirical treatment with LCG/ LMG (to stimulate spermatogenesis) the migraine crises ceased and the patients are still free of migraine after 32 and 26 months respectively. The relationship between migraine and the sex hormones is discussed, in the context of current knowledge of the psysiopathology of migraine and the beneficial effects obtained after treatment with LCG/LMG. We have not found any reference in the literature to the use of gonadotrophins in the treatment of migraine with a typical aura.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Arango
- Servicio de Urologia, Hospital del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
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