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Matsui A, Kobayashi J, Kanno SI, Hashiguchi K, Miyaji M, Yoshikawa Y, Yasui A, Zhang-Akiyama QM. Oxidation resistance 1 prevents genome instability through maintenance of G2/M arrest in gamma-ray-irradiated cells. J Radiat Res 2020; 61:1-13. [PMID: 31845986 PMCID: PMC6976731 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human oxidation resistance 1 (OXR1) was identified as a protein that decreases genomic mutations in Escherichia coli caused by oxidative DNA damage. However, the mechanism by which OXR1 defends against genome instability has not been elucidated. To clarify how OXR1 maintains genome stability, the effects of OXR1-depletion on genome stability were investigated in OXR1-depleted HeLa cells using gamma-rays (γ-rays). The OXR1-depleted cells had higher levels of superoxide and micronucleus (MN) formation than control cells after irradiation. OXR1-overexpression alleviated the increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and MN formation after irradiation. The increased MN formation in irradiated OXR1-depleted cells was partially attenuated by the ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine, suggesting that OXR1-depeletion increases ROS-dependent genome instability. We also found that OXR1-depletion shortened the duration of γ-ray-induced G2/M arrest. In the presence of the cell cycle checkpoint inhibitor caffeine, the level of MN formed after irradiation was similar between control and OXR1-depleted cells, demonstrating that OXR1-depletion accelerates MN formation through abrogation of G2/M arrest. In OXR1-depleted cells, the level of cyclin D1 protein expression was increased. Here we report that OXR1 prevents genome instability by cell cycle regulation as well as oxidative stress defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ako Matsui
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kanno
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazunari Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miyaji
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akira Yasui
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Qiu-Mei Zhang-Akiyama
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Department of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Garty G, Bigelow AW, Repin M, Turner HC, Bian D, Balajee AS, Lyulko OV, Taveras M, Yao YL, Brenner DJ. An automated imaging system for radiation biodosimetry. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:587-98. [PMID: 25939519 PMCID: PMC4479970 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We describe here an automated imaging system developed at the Center for High Throughput Minimally Invasive Radiation Biodosimetry. The imaging system is built around a fast, sensitive sCMOS camera and rapid switchable LED light source. It features complete automation of all the steps of the imaging process and contains built-in feedback loops to ensure proper operation. The imaging system is intended as a back end to the RABiT-a robotic platform for radiation biodosimetry. It is intended to automate image acquisition and analysis for four biodosimetry assays for which we have developed automated protocols: The Cytokinesis Blocked Micronucleus assay, the γ-H2AX assay, the Dicentric assay (using PNA or FISH probes) and the RABiT-BAND assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, 136 S. Broadway, P.O. Box 21, Irvington, NY 10533,USA
| | - Alan W. Bigelow
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, 136 S. Broadway, P.O. Box 21, Irvington, NY 10533,USA
| | - Mikhail Repin
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630 W 168 St. New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630 W 168 St. New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dakai Bian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th St. New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Adayabalam S. Balajee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630 W 168 St. New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Oleksandra V. Lyulko
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, 136 S. Broadway, P.O. Box 21, Irvington, NY 10533,USA
| | - Maria Taveras
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630 W 168 St. New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Y. Lawrence Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th St. New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630 W 168 St. New York, NY 10032, USA
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Loidl J, Mochizuki K. Tetrahymena meiotic nuclear reorganization is induced by a checkpoint kinase-dependent response to DNA damage. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:2428-37. [PMID: 19297526 PMCID: PMC2675622 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-10-1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the ciliate Tetrahymena, meiotic micronuclei (MICs) undergo extreme elongation, and meiotic pairing and recombination take place within these elongated nuclei (the "crescents"). We have previously shown that elongation does not occur in the absence of Spo11p-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here we show that elongation is restored in spo11Delta mutants by various DNA-damaging agents including ones that may not cause DSBs to a notable extent. MIC elongation following Spo11p-induced DSBs or artificially induced DNA lesions is probably a DNA-damage response mediated by a phosphokinase signal transduction pathway, since it is suppressed by the ATM/ATR kinase inhibitors caffeine and wortmannin and by knocking out Tetrahymena's ATR orthologue. MIC elongation occurs concomitantly with the movement of centromeres away from the telomeric pole of the MIC. This DNA damage-dependent reorganization of the MIC helps to arrange homologous chromosomes alongside each other but is not sufficient for exact pairing. Thus, Spo11p contributes to bivalent formation in two ways: by creating a favorable spatial disposition of homologues and by stabilizing pairing by crossovers. The polarized chromosome orientation inside the crescent resembles the conserved meiotic bouquet, and crescent and bouquet also share the putative function of aiding meiotic pairing. However, they are regulated differently because in Tetrahymena, DSBs are required for entering rather than exiting this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Loidl
- Department of Chromosome Biology and Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
The spectra and dose response for mutations at expanded simple tandem repeat (ESTR) loci in the germline of male mice acutely exposed to low-LET X or gamma rays at pre-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis were compared in five strains of laboratory mice. Most mutation events involved the gain or loss of a relatively small number of repeat units, and the distributions of length changes were indistinguishable between the exposed and control males. Overall, a significant bias toward gains of repeats was detected, with approximately 60% of mutants showing gains. The values for ESTR mutation induction did not differ substantially between strains. The highest values of doubling dose were obtained for two genetically related strains, BALB/c and C.B17 (mean value 0.98 Gy). The estimates of doubling dose for three other strains (CBA/H, C57BL/6 x CBA/H F1 and 129SVJ x C57BL/6) were lower, with a mean value of 0.44 Gy. The dose response for ESTR mutation across all five strains was very close to that for the specific loci (Russell 7-locus test). The mechanisms of ESTR mutation induction and applications of this system for monitoring radiation-induced mutation in the mouse germline are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri E Dubrova
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
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