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Rao L, Monappa V, Rodrigues G, Suresh BP. Ewing's sarcoma of the lesser sac masquerading as a pancreatic tumor. Korean J Intern Med 2012; 27:91-4. [PMID: 22403505 PMCID: PMC3295994 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2012.27.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/PNET) is an uncommon, aggressive, and malignant tumor with a poor patient outcome. Its occurrence in the lesser sac is a rare event and to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously described. The present case was clinically and radiologically misdiagnosed as a pancreatic tumor/gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Histopathology revealed a tumor with "small round cells" that were positive for CD99, confirming the diagnosis of ES/PNET. This report highlights the importance of considering Ewing's sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of intraabdominal, extraintestinal masses.
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MESH Headings
- 12E7 Antigen
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biopsy
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/analysis
- Diagnostic Errors
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Middle Aged
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/diagnosis
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/immunology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/pathology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/immunology
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/pathology
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/therapy
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Ewing/immunology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/therapy
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Rao
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidya Monappa
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Karnataka, India
| | - Gabriel Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - B P Suresh
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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2
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Liu BY, Yang Y, DU J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zheng J. [Application of the in situ hybridization with EWS dual-color break-apart fluorescence probe and anti-CD99 and anti-FLI-1 antibodies in the diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2008; 40:358-362. [PMID: 18677380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of using EWS dual-color, break-apart rearrangement probe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, CD99 and FLI-1 antibodies immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (EWS/PNET). METHODS Thirty-five cases of EWS/PNET and 24 cases of non-EWS/PNET small round cell tumor were analyzed by FISH and immunohistochemically detected with FLI-1 and CD99 antibodies. Comparison between FISH and immunohistochemical results was carried out and their diagnostic value was evaluated. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FISH in EWS/PNET were 93.8%(30/32), 81.8%(18/22), 88.2%(30/34) and 90%(18/20); those of CD99 were 100%(35/35), 58.3% (14/24), 77.8%(35/45) and 100%(14/14); those of FLI-1 were 71.4%(25/35), 62.5%(15/24), 73.5%(25/34), 60%(15/25), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of combined use of CD99 and FLI-1 were 71.4%(25/35), 75%(18/24), 80.6%(25/31) and 64.3%(18/28), those of combined use of FLI-1 and FISH were 68.7%(22/32), 86.4%(19/22), 88%(22/25) and 65.5%(19/29), those of combined use of CD99 and FISH were 93.7%(30/32), 95.5%(21/22), 96.8%(30/31) and 91.3%(21/23), respectively. CONCLUSION EWS dual-color, break-apart rearrangement probe FISH is a highly sensitive and specific technique in the diagnosis of EWS/PNET. The combination of CD99 and FISH is the method of choice for the diagnosis of EWS/PNET. The combination of CD99 and FLI-1 can improve the specificity in EWS/PNET without the data of FISH.
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MESH Headings
- 12E7 Antigen
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
- Microfilament Proteins/immunology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/diagnosis
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/genetics
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/immunology
- Predictive Value of Tests
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/immunology
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/immunology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/immunology
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Trans-Activators
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-yue Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Rübe CE, van Valen F, Wilfert F, Palm J, Schuck A, Willich N, Winkelmann W, Jürgens H, Rübe C. Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor cells produce large quantities of bioactive tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) after radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003; 56:1414-25. [PMID: 12873688 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(03)00418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, we examined human Ewing's sarcoma (ES) and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) cell lines that are able to produce TNF-alpha as part of the response to irradiation. Radiation-induced tumor cell production of TNF-alpha may enhance irradiation efficacy and improve the effect of local tumor irradiation. On the other hand, radiation-induced tumor cell production of TNF-alpha may adversely affect the normal tissue. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twelve different ES/pPNET cell lines were investigated in vitro and (after establishment as tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice) in vivo for their TNF-alpha mRNA expression (real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) and TNF-alpha protein production (in vitro: enhanced amplified sensitivity immunoassay; in vivo: immunohistochemistry) after exposure to different irradiation doses (2, 5, 10, 20, 30, or 40 Gy) and after different time intervals (1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, or 72 h after irradiation). The bioactivity of the TNF-alpha protein was evaluated in chromogenic cytotoxicity and neutralization assays. RESULTS Nine out of 12 ES/pPNET cell lines express constitutively significant quantities of bioactive TNF-alpha in vitro. ES/pPNET cells originating from primary tumors secreted higher TNF-alpha levels than cells derived from metastatic lesions. In 5 of the 9 TNF-alpha-producing cell lines, TNF-alpha mRNA and protein levels were upregulated after irradiation exposure in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After establishment of the ES/pPNET cell lines in athymic nude mice, the radiation-induced TNF-alpha release could be demonstrated also in the xenograft tumors in vivo (analogous to the in vitro experiments). Using the same methods for quantitative analysis, it was determined that the TNF-alpha expression of the radiation-responsive tumor cells was up to 2000-fold higher compared to the maximal radiation-induced TNF-alpha release in normal lung tissue measured during the pneumonic phase. CONCLUSION Certain ES/pPNET cell lines produce extremely large quantities of bioactive TNF-alpha after radiation exposure in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Radiation-induced TNF-alpha production of tumor cells may be of paramount importance in respect to not only tumor behavior, but also to potential damage to normal tissue and the clinical status of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Rübe
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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4
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Abstract
Two cases of primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the lung are reported. The first case is a 41-year-old man with a tumor in the left upper lung, and the second case is a 30-year-old woman with a tumor in the right lower lung. In both cases, the tumors originated in the lung but not in the chest wall. No distant metastasis was detected. In case 1, transcutaneous fine-needle biopsy (TCNB) revealed small round cell proliferation, although bronchoscopic examination showed no abnormal findings. Both the expression of Mic2 protein and t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation were proved in the tumor cells. The tumor cells were positive for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and vimentin, but negative for Leu7, chromogranin A, and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP). In case 2, bronchoscopic examination showed only compressive change in right lower lobe bronchi. TCNB revealed small round tumor cells expressing Mic2 protein. The tumor cells were negative for leukocyte common antigen, S100 protein, pankeratin, chromogranin A, and desmin, but weakly positive for NSE and moderately positive for Ki-67 (MIB1). Both patients were successfully treated by the combination of surgical resection and chemotherapy, and are alive with no sign of recurrence for approximately 22 months in case 1 and 16 months in case 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Imamura
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan.
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5
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- DNA, Complementary/analysis
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Genotype
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunophenotyping
- Knee Joint/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Male
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/genetics
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/immunology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/pathology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoma, Synovial/genetics
- Sarcoma, Synovial/immunology
- Sarcoma, Synovial/secondary
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/genetics
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/immunology
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
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6
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Askin FB, Perlman EJ. Neuroblastoma and peripheral neuroectodermal tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 1998; 109:S23-30. [PMID: 9533746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuroblastic tumors in childhood present unique problems in terms of diagnosis, classification, and histologic determinants of prognosis. The proper specimen handling of these neoplasms requires integration of gross and microscopic pathologic examination along with cytogenetic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopy studies. The appropriate gross examination and processing of these tumors are described with particular emphasis on ancillary studies. Important special studies such as immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and genetic and molecular oncologic investigation are stressed, and the appropriate methods of processing materials for these studies are discussed. The handling of small biopsy specimens, fine-needle aspirates, or both is also addressed. The staging of neuroblastoma varies according to Pediatric Oncology Group and Children's Cancer Study Group systems, and the importance of obtaining appropriate information to satisfy either system is noted. Ancillary information for classification of neuroblastoma and related neoplasms is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Askin
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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7
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de Alava E, Lozano MD, Sola I, Panizo A, Idoate MA, Martínez-Isla C, Forteza J, Sierrasesúmaga L, Pardo-Mindán FJ. Molecular features in a biphenotypic small cell sarcoma with neuroectodermal and muscle differentiation. Hum Pathol 1998; 29:181-4. [PMID: 9490279 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(98)90230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of a 13-year-old girl with soft tissue sarcoma of the hand, which showed muscle and neuroectodermal immunophenotypes. Molecular studies were performed on RNA collected from fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and peripheral blood samples by nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot analysis. This biphenotypic tumor showed simultaneous expression of EWS-FLI1 and PAX3-FKHR transcripts, specific of Ewing family tumors and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, respectively. Although childhood sarcomas with simultaneous muscle and neural differentiation have been described to have EWS-FLI1 transcripts, there are no reports of tumors with both transcripts. Cytological specimens are a good source of RNA for molecular studies.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Blotting, Southern
- Chimera/genetics
- Female
- Hand
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Muscle Neoplasms/genetics
- Muscle Neoplasms/immunology
- Muscle Neoplasms/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/genetics
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/immunology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Sarcoma, Small Cell/genetics
- Sarcoma, Small Cell/immunology
- Sarcoma, Small Cell/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Alava
- Department of Pathology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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8
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Mierau GW, Berry PJ, Malott RL, Weeks DA. Appraisal of the comparative utility of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in the diagnosis of childhood round cell tumors. Ultrastruct Pathol 1996; 20:507-17. [PMID: 8940758 DOI: 10.3109/01913129609016355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To provide an objective assessment of the comparative utility of fluorescence- and peroxidase-based immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, an observer blinded study was conducted under realistic study conditions utilizing a large sampling of poorly differentiated pediatric round cell tumors. Working independently, using a single ancillary technique of particular expertise, each of three investigators attempted to render a specific diagnosis with regard to 50 diagnostically challenging tumors. The results were compared against the subsequent "file diagnosis" established by consensus with all relevant information made available. A grading scheme was applied wherein points were awarded based on the accuracy and confidence of diagnosis. A comparative efficiency rating, expressed as a percentage, was formulated by dividing the number of points awarded each technique by the total number of points theoretically available. Electron microscopy proved superior overall, with an efficiency rating of 89%. Immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence studies yielded efficiency ratings of 71 and 61%, respectively. Used in combination, the techniques achieved an efficiency rating of 95%. Application of these ancillary techniques resulted in a revision of the provisional diagnosis in 11 of 50 cases, and left only two cases without a firm specific diagnosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Infant
- Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Lymphoma/immunology
- Lymphoma/ultrastructure
- Male
- Mesenchymoma/diagnosis
- Mesenchymoma/immunology
- Mesenchymoma/ultrastructure
- Microscopy, Electron
- Neuroblastoma/diagnosis
- Neuroblastoma/immunology
- Neuroblastoma/ultrastructure
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/diagnosis
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/immunology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/ultrastructure
- Pathology, Surgical/methods
- Rhabdoid Tumor/diagnosis
- Rhabdoid Tumor/immunology
- Rhabdoid Tumor/ultrastructure
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/diagnosis
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/immunology
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/ultrastructure
- Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Ewing/immunology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/ultrastructure
- Sarcoma, Small Cell/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Small Cell/immunology
- Sarcoma, Small Cell/ultrastructure
- Wilms Tumor/diagnosis
- Wilms Tumor/immunology
- Wilms Tumor/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Mierau
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Denver, CO 80218, USA
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9
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Winters JL, Geil JD, O'Connor WN. Immunohistology, cytogenetics, and molecular studies of small round cell tumors of childhood. A review. Ann Clin Lab Sci 1995; 25:66-78. [PMID: 7762971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Malignancies of childhood include a well-defined spectrum of hematolymphoid, organ specific (adrenal, kidney, liver), soft tissue, bone, and nervous system (central and peripheral) neoplasms with variable biology. Small round cell neoplasms, a subset of childhood malignancies, are histologically similar but differ markedly in their histogenesis, therapy, and prognosis. Traditionally, clinical information and light microscopy, with the aid of histochemistry and ultrastructural evaluation, establish a diagnosis or at least narrow the differential diagnosis. Additionally, immunohistology, cytogenetics, and molecular studies have become important in diagnosis and in defining phenotype/genotype, patient treatment modalities, and prognosis in specific cases. The 11;22 chromosomal translocation typifies Ewing's sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and Askin's tumor, as does the resultant chimeric transcript, while expression and amplification of N-myc oncogene are predictive of the prognosis in neuroblastoma. Furthermore, studies of genes and gene products are elucidating mechanisms of oncogenesis and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Winters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, USA
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10
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Korshunov AG, Smirnov AV, Gadzhieva OA, Sycheva RV. [Embryonal neuroepithelial tumors of the cerebral hemispheres]. Arkh Patol 1995; 57:44-51. [PMID: 7771930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
33 embryonal neuroepithelial tumours of the cerebral hemispheres were examined light- and electron-microscopically, immunohistochemically. 4 types of tumours were distinguished: neuroblastoma, neuroepithelioma, ependymoblastoma and choroid carcinoma. Each type was characterised by its own pathohistological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features. Our results and literature data prove immunophenotypic and ultrastructural heterogeneity of embryonal neuroepithelial tumors of the cerebral hemispheres, in spite of some similarities in their pathohistological features.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Biopsy
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/ultrastructure
- Brain Neoplasms/classification
- Brain Neoplasms/immunology
- Brain Neoplasms/ultrastructure
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/classification
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/ultrastructure
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- Male
- Microscopy, Electron
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/classification
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/immunology
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/ultrastructure
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/classification
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/immunology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/ultrastructure
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11
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Weidner N, Tjoe J. Immunohistochemical profile of monoclonal antibody O13: antibody that recognizes glycoprotein p30/32MIC2 and is useful in diagnosing Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroepithelioma. Am J Surg Pathol 1994; 18:486-94. [PMID: 7513503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (ES) and peripheral neuroepithelioma (PN) are closely related tumors, and it can be difficult to distinguish them from other small-round-cell tumors (SRCTs). The glycoprotein p30/32MIC2 is highly, but not exclusively, expressed in both ES and PN. Although the monoclonal antibody (Mab) HBA71, which reacts with P30/32MIC2, has been reported to be relatively specific and highly sensitive for both neoplasms, it is not readily available. Yet, Mab O13 is commercially available, and it purportedly displays the same immunostaining characteristics as HBA71. Because O13 has not been studied extensively, we immunostained 21 ES/PNs and 147 other tumors or lesions that might show SRCT-like features with O13. The results were similar to those reported for HBA71. We found O13 to be 100% sensitive for ES/PN; and, no immunostaining was noted on the SRCTs often included in the differential diagnosis of ES/PN (i.e., conventional neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and non-lymphoblastic lymphomas). But, O13 immunoreacted with lymphoblastic lymphomas and some other tumors and normal tissues. Nonetheless, this nonspecific reactivity should not cause diagnostic problems, if an antibody panel containing anti-desmin and anti-leukocyte common antigen is used in conjunction with O13. We conclude that, within the proper diagnostic context, strong immunoreactivity of a SRCT tumor for O13 should be considered good evidence that the tumor is ES/PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Weidner
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0102
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12
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Mathiesen T, Collins VP, Ohlsson E, Sundqvist VA, Wahren B. Induction of MHC class I antigen expression following infection of a human esthesioneuroblastoma cell line with cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus. Acta Virol 1992; 36:551-6. [PMID: 1363989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Productive infections with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were established in the Tp41ON cell line derived from a human esthesioneuroblastoma. HIV antigen expression was highest in cultures coinfected with CMV and HIV. Viral infection caused increased MHC class I antigen expression while class II and CD4 antigens remained undetectable using immunofluorescence methods. Uninfected cultures showed 10% and coinfected cultures 80% class I antigen positive cells. In coinfected cultures, CMV and HIV antigens were detected in 4% and 8% of the cells, respectively. The detection of CMV antigens in some multinucleated cells suggests coinfection with both viruses in these cells, as multinucleated cells were not found in cultures infected with CMV only. The study shows that a cell line showing neuronal differentiation in vitro can be infected with CMV and HIV and that this infection increases MHC class I antigen expression.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Viral/biosynthesis
- CD4 Antigens/analysis
- Cell Differentiation
- Cytomegalovirus/physiology
- Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HIV Antigens/biosynthesis
- HIV-1/physiology
- HLA Antigens/biosynthesis
- HLA-D Antigens/analysis
- Humans
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/immunology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mathiesen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Kees UR, Rudduck C, Ford J, Spagnolo D, Papadimitriou J, Willoughby ML, Garson OM. Two malignant peripheral primitive neuroepithelial tumor cell lines established from consecutive samples of one patient: characterization and cytogenetic analysis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1992; 4:195-204. [PMID: 1382559 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870040302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-year-old girl presented with a tumor of the right shoulder involving bone, adjacent soft tissue, and regional lymph nodes. The conventional histologic diagnosis was ambiguous, initially suggesting lymphoma. After relapse on lymphoma therapy, reevaluation with additional multiple diagnostic techniques performed on the biopsy tissue and on two cell lines derived from the biopsies established the diagnosis of a primitive neuroepithelial tumor of bone and soft tissue. This was strongly supported by 1) focal rosette formation by the tumor cells and positive immunostaining for neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin, with absent staining for leukocyte common antigen; 2) at the ultrastructural level, formation of cellular processes containing microtubules, a paucity of neurosecretory granules, absence of synaptic junctions, formation of long "intermediate" junctions between cells, and, in culture, widespread development of rosettes; 3) marked surface positivity to W 6/32 and negativity to HSAN 1.2 antibodies; and 4) elevated expression of MYC and lack of overexpression of MYCN oncogenes. Numerical and structural abnormalities were present in the karyotype, but the expected t(11;22)(q24;q12) was not present in the tumor-involved marrow or in either of the established tumor cell lines, although there was an interstitial deletion of 11q involving breakpoints in q21 and q23.
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Affiliation(s)
- U R Kees
- Children's Leukaemia and Cancer Research Unit, Western Australian Research Institute for Child Health, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth
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14
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Abstract
Immunomagnetic cell separation uses binding of an antibody to its epitope to identify the target cell, which is then removed by attachment to an anti-immunoglobulin-coated paramagnetic bead, and passage through a magnetic field. This method has previously been shown to be less sensitive to the effects of low target antigen density than are other cell elimination methods, such as complement-mediated lysis. In this paper we demonstrate that, with certain antibody/target cell combinations, the efficiency of immunomagnetic depletion can be adversely affected by high expression of the target antigen. This can occur by two non-mutually exclusive mechanisms. These are (i) steric hindrance of bead binding due to crowding of monoclonal antibodies on the cell surface; and (ii) binding of the monoclonal antibody molecule in a configuration that is poorly-accessible to the anti-immunoglobulin immobilized on the microspheres. The predominant effect operating in any system can be determined by analysis of the cells remaining after the separation procedure. In both cases pre-attachment of the monoclonal to the beads results in improved separation efficiency. These results emphasize the necessity of optimizing experimental conditions in each system that is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Gee
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Fenwal Division-Irvine, Santa Ana, CA 92705
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15
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Desai VN, Lieb WE, Donoso LA, Eagle RC, Shields JA, Saunders R. Photoreceptor cell differentiation in intraocular medulloepithelioma: an immunohistopathologic study. Arch Ophthalmol 1990; 108:481-2. [PMID: 2181983 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1990.01070060029013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Feltner DE, Cooper M, Weber J, Israel MA, Thiele CJ. Expression of class I histocompatibility antigens in neuroectodermal tumors is independent of the expression of a transfected neuroblastoma myc gene. J Immunol 1989; 143:4292-9. [PMID: 2687378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the relationship between the neuronal myc gene (NMYC) and class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression in human neuroblastoma (NB) tumor cell lines. Class I MHC surface Ag expression in NB cell lines varied from nearly undetectable to levels nearly as high as in a lymphoblastoid cell line. Class I MHC mRNA levels in NMYC-amplified NB cell lines were lower than levels observed in single copy NMYC NB cell lines. However, considerable variation in class I MHC surface Ag and mRNA expression was evident in NMYC-amplified cell lines. To determine directly whether NMYC might modulate class I MHC expression in NB, we transfected a plasmid containing a recombinant NMYC gene into two tumor cell lines derived from a NB and a related neuroepithelioma tumor. Constitutive overexpression of the recombinant NMYC gene produced no consistent change in class I MHC surface Ag or mRNA levels. To determine whether class I MHC expression might be developmentally regulated in adrenal medullary cells, the precursor cells of adrenal NB tumors, beta 2-microglobulin expression was measured in fetal and adult adrenal glands. beta 2-Microglobulin expression was not evident in the neuroblasts of a 24-wk-old fetal adrenal gland, whereas beta 2-microglobulin expression was present in the adult adrenal medulla. These data suggest that variation in class I MHC expression among NB cells may reflect the developmental stage at which neuroblasts were arrested during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Feltner
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Chin T, Toy C, Vandeven C, Cairo MS. Lymphokine-activated killer cytotoxicity in neonatal mononuclear cells: in vitro responses to tumor cell lines from pediatric solid tumors. Pediatr Res 1989; 25:156-60. [PMID: 2537488 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-198902000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence of neonatal (cord) lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity toward natural killer cell resistant Raji and Daudi cell lines has recently been reported from our laboratory. We investigated the future therapeutic use of LAK adoptive immunotherapy by examining LAK in vitro cytotoxicity from both neonatal and adult mononuclear cells against solid tumor cell lines of relevance to pediatric oncology: SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma), SK-NM-C (neuroblastoma-neuroepithelioma), NEP-1 (Wilms' tumor), SK-ES-1 (Ewing's sarcoma), and A-204 (rhabdomyosarcoma). Cord and adult mononuclear cells were activated by recombinant IL-2 (100 mu/ml) for 5-7 days and added in an effector:target ratio of 40:1 to 51Cr-labeled target cells. Specific cell lysis was determined after a 4-h incubation. There was a significantly high level of cord and adult LAK cytotoxicity against Wilms' (76.4 +/- 9.8 versus 77.3 +/- 6.8%) and Ewing's (84.2 +/- 5.5 versus 71.1 +/- 6.5%) cell lines and significant but moderate LAK activity against neuroepithelioma (52.0 +/- 6.6 versus 55.4 +/- 4.5%) and rhabdomyosarcoma (46.6 +/- 5.7 versus 43.9 +/- 5.2%) cell lines. There was no difference between cord and adult LAK activity toward these targets. However, a differential response toward the more classical neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, was noted with significantly more LAK cytotoxicity from cord mononuclear cells than adult mononuclear cells (51.2 +/- 6.9 versus 28.5 +/- 8.2%) (p less than or equal to 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chin
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, California 92668
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Abstract
Esthesioneuroblastoma (EN), a malignant neuroblastic tumor arising in the superior portion of the nasal cavity, shares histologic similarities with a number of primary malignant tumors that arise in this region, including rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphoepithelioma, and lymphoma. To establish an antigenic profile of EN as an aid in the differential diagnosis of these histologically similar nasal tumors, immunostaining was performed for the following intermediate filaments: keratin, neurofilament, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and desmin; neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S-100 protein, chromogranin, human common leukocyte antigen (HLE), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), myoglobin, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on 21 primary nasal tumors: eight EN, five lymphoepitheliomas, two small cell carcinomas, three lymphomas, and three rhabdomyosarcomas. Keratin and CEA stained only the carcinomas (6/7+, 4/7+), respectively; desmin and myoglobin only rhabdomyosarcoma (3/3+, 1/3+); and HLE only lymphomas (3/3+). Chromogranin and neurofilament staining occurred exclusively in one case each of EN. S-100 and NSE commonly stained EN (5/8+, 6/8+), but carcinomas (1/7+, 2/7+) and rhabdomyosarcomas (1/3+, 3/3+) were also positive. Despite the apparent nonspecificity of NSE and S-100, an antigenic profile of positive NSE of S-100 staining with negative epithelial, muscle, and lymphoid antigens uniquely identified six of eight EN. Chromogranin and neurofilament positivity was further evidence for EN in two cases. This antigenic profile is a helpful adjunct in the diagnosis of EN and other primary malignant nasal tumors.
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Vollrath M, Altmannsberger M, Hunneman DH, Goebel HH, Osborn M. Esthesioneuroblastoma: ultrastructural, immunohistological and biochemical investigation of one case. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1984; 239:133-44. [PMID: 6712529 DOI: 10.1007/bf00463554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A case of esthesioneuroblastoma, the pathological diagnosis of which almost always causes great difficulties, was investigated ultrastructurally, biochemically, and immunohistologically, using antibodies against the five known types of intermediate filaments [keratin, vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilaments]. The tumour cells did not react with antibodies against any of the five intermediate filament proteins. Ultrastructural investigations showed dense cored secretory granules in the cytoplasm and cell processes. Thus, immunohistology offers by "exclusion" a differential diagnosis to avoid often misdiagnosed tumours (undifferentiated carcinomas, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, and malignant lymphomas), since carcinomas react with antikeratin, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas with antibodies to desmin and malignant lymphomas show immunofluorescence with antibodies to vimentin. The biological behaviour (age distribution, tendency to metastasize), the normal values of biochemical parameters, homovanillic acid and vanilmandelic acid (HVA, VMA), and the absence of neurofilaments distinguish this type of tumour from the peripheral sympathetic neuroblastoma.
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Neuronal origin of human esthesioneuroblastoma. N Engl J Med 1982; 307:1457-8. [PMID: 7133107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
The antigenic cell surface component NS-5 (nervous system antigen-5) is recognized by antiserum raised in C3H.SW/Sn mice against cerebellum of 4-day-old C57BL/6J mice. When analyzed in the cytotoxicity test the antiserum detects a cell surface antigen or set of antigens present not only an cerebellum but also other parts of the central nervous system, including retina, as well as on mature spermatozoa and to a lesser degree on kidney. All other non-neural tissues tested, liver, splee, thymocytes, muscle, testis, adrenal gland and epidermis do not express detectable amounts of the antigen. Among seven murine tumors of the nervous system, medulloepithelioma shows high levels of NS-5 expression, whereas neuroblastoma Cl300, glioma G26, glioblastome, ependymoblastoma, ependymoblastoma EPA and glioblastoma G26l do not carry detectable NS-5. All mouse strains tested (C57BL/6J, C3H.SW/Sn, C3H/HeDiSn, A/J, AKR/J, BALB/cJ and DBA/2) express similar levels of NS-5. The antigen is demonstrable not only on postnatal day 4 neural tissue, but also in lower amounts on adult nervous system. On embryonic day 9, the earliest stage tested, and at all subsequent stages during embryonic development, NS-K is already present in brain and spinal cord, but not in gut.
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