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Dong YT, Feng HY, Tian XQ, Wang QL, Zhang SF, Ma KY, Qiu GF. Identification of a novel germ cell marker MnTdrd from the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Dev Genes Evol 2020; 231:11-19. [PMID: 33244643 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-020-00671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Germ cell-specific genes play an important role in establishing the reproductive system in sexual organisms and have been used as valuable markers for studying gametogenesis and sex differentiation. Previously, we isolated a vasa transcript as a germ cell marker to trace the origin and migration of germ cells in the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Here, we identified a new germ cell-specific marker MnTdrd RNA and assessed its temporal and spatial expression during oogenesis and embryogenesis. MnTdrd transcripts were expressed in high abundance in unfertilized eggs and embryos at cleavage stage and then dropped significantly during late embryogenesis, suggesting that MnTdrd mRNA is maternally inherited. In situ hybridization of ovarian tissue showed that MnTdrd mRNA was initially present in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocyte and localized to the perinuclear region as the accumulation of yolk in vitellogenic oocyte. Whole-mount in situ hybridization of embryos showed that MnTdrd-positive signals were only localized in one blastomere until 16-cell stage. In the blastula, there were approximately 16 MnTdrd-positive blastomeres. During embryonized-zoea stage, the MnTdrd-positive cells aggregated as a cluster and migrated to the genital rudiment which would develop into primordial germ cells (PGCs). The localized expression pattern of MnTdrd transcripts resembled that of the previously identified germ cell marker vasa, supporting the preformation mode of germ cell specification. Therefore, we concluded that MnTdrd, together with vasa, is a component of the germ plasm and might have critical roles in germ cell formation and differentiation in the prawn. Thus, MnTdrd can be used as a novel germ cell marker to trace the origin and migration of germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ting Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hai-Yang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qi-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shu-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ke-Yi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Gao-Feng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Stalin A, Broos KV, Sadiq Bukhari A, Syed Mohamed HE, Singhal RK, Venu-Babu P. Morphological and histological studies on freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man) irradiated with (60)Co gamma radiation. Aquat Toxicol 2013; 144-145:36-49. [PMID: 24140570 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was framed to investigate the (60)Co gamma radiation induced morphological and histological variations in freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The LD50 value of (60)Co gamma irradiated M. rosenbergii observed (by probit analysis) at 30 Gy. Prawns were irradiated to four different dose levels (3 mGy, 30 mGy, 300 mGy and 3,000 mGy) using Theratron Phoenix TeleCobalt Unit [P-33] and one control group (without irradiation) maintained separately. Irradiated groups exhibited several morphological variations such as discoloration; damaged rostrum; opaque coloration in cephalothorax; black bands and dot formation in abdomen; deformed uropods and telson in tail regions when compared with control group. The Hepato Somatic Index reflected the severity of radiation on hepatopancreas. Histological variations in gills, hepatopancreas and muscles of irradiated groups were observed. In gills, structural changes such as swollen and fused lamellae, abnormal gill tips, hyperplasic, necrotic and clavate-globate lamellae were observed in gamma irradiated prawns. Accumulation of hemocytes in hemocoelic space, interstitial sinuses filled with abnormal infiltrated hemocytes, the tubular epithelium with ruptured basal laminae, abnormal and coagulated lumen, necrotic tubules, thickened basal laminae, tissue debris, necrotic hepatocytes were observed in irradiated prawn hepatopancreas. In muscle, shrinkage of muscular fiber and necrotic musculature were observed in irradiated prawns. These structural alterations of the organs it is felt could affect the vital physiological functions such as respiration, osmotic and ionic regulation in gills and muscles; absorption, storage and secretion of the hepatopancreas which in turn could adversely affect the growth and survival of freshwater prawn M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stalin
- P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620020, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nazari EM, Ammar D, de Bem AF, Latini A, Müller YMR, Allodi S. Effects of environmental and artificial UV-B radiation on freshwater prawn Macrobrachium olfersi embryos. Aquat Toxicol 2010; 98:25-33. [PMID: 20149463 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The recent decrease of the stratospheric ozone has resulted in an increase of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation reaching the Earth's surface. In freshwater ecosystems with transparent water, UV-B rays easily penetrate and potentially cause harmful effects to organisms. In this study, embryos of the prawn Macrobrachium olfersi were used to evaluate the impact of UV-B rays in freshwater environments. We observed three groups of embryos: the first was to assess whether UV-B radiation produced morphological defects and/or biochemical impairments in the laboratory. The second was to check whether embryos with the same impairments as those observed in the laboratory were found in their environment, under natural solar radiation. The third group was the non-irradiated control. The embryos irradiated with 310 mW cm(-2) UV-B for 30 min showed morphological alterations similar to those observed in embryos from the environmental control group. The most important effects of the UV-B radiation observed in M. olfersi embryos were morphological (1.2% of the total number of embryos from the environment and 2.8% of the total number of irradiated embryos), pigmentation changes in the eyes (78.0% of the total number of embryos from the environment and 98.9% of the total number of irradiated embryos), and disruption of the chromatophores (46.9% of the total number of embryos from the environment and 95.5% of the total number of irradiated embryos). We also observed an increase in egg volume, which was accompanied by a significant increase in water content in UV-B irradiated groups when compared with aquaria control embryos. In addition, a significant decrease in the mitotic index in eggs exposed to UV-B radiation was detected (0.17 for the embryos from the aquaria control, 0.10 for the embryos of the environmental control, and 0.04 for the irradiated groups). The low levels of NPSH and high levels of TBARS indicated that UV-B rays directly compromised the antioxidant function of the embryonic cells, leading to oxidative stress. Our combined morphological and biochemical analyses revealed important effects induced by UV-B on M. olfersi embryos, and the results suggest that the recent changes in global conditions may have injurious effects, at least on the embryos of freshwater prawns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelise Maria Nazari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Goswami M, Lakra WS, Rajaswaminathan T, Rathore G. Development of cell culture system from the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:2043-8. [PMID: 19644766 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new cell culture system (MRH) was developed for the first time from 2 months old freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Primary cultures were developed from heart tissues by explant culture technique. Cell outgrowth was obtained from the heart explant after 14 days of explant culture. The culture medium used was Leibovitz-15 supplemented with 20% Fetal Bovine Serum along with 1% prawn hemolymph serum, 0.1% glucose, 0.5% NaCl and antibiotics (Penicillin 10,000 Units ml(-1), Streptomycin 10,000 microg ml(-1), Amphotericin B 500 mg ml(-1)) with a final osmomolality of 470-550 mmol kg(-1). The pH of the growth medium found suitable for the growth of the cells was 7.20. The viability of cells was found to be 60% when revived after a month of storage in liquid nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukunda Goswami
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, Dilkusha P.O., Lucknow, 226002, India
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Sung HH, Chen PH, Liu CL. Initiation of signal transduction of the respiratory burst of prawn haemocytes triggered by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2008; 24:693-700. [PMID: 18407521 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is important in the immune system of the prawn and is believed to be a defence parameter. Previous studies have demonstrated that CpG oligonucleotides enhance the activation of the prophenoloxidase activating system of the prawn through either the G-protein/protein kinase C (PKC) or the cAMP pathway. This study investigated the influence of CpG ODN on the respiratory burst used as the indicator of phagocytic activity and on the initiation of the signal pathway in haemocytes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. When haemocytes were treated in vitro with 50 microg ml(-1) of ODN2006 for 15 min, the increase of nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) reduction suggested that the respiratory burst of haemocytes can be enhanced by ODN2006 stimulation. In an attempt to determine which signal transduction pathway is involved in the enhancement effect, haemocytes were separately treated with activators or inhibitors of specific signalling components. The results showed that the NBT reduction of haemocytes increased after treatment with sodium fluoride (a G-protein activator) and decreased after treatment with GDP-beta-S (a G-protein inhibitor). When ODN2006-stimulated haemocytes were treated with GDP-beta-S, the inductive effect was significantly reduced. In haemocytes treated with 8-bromo-cAMP (a PKA activator), the NBT reduction was not significantly different from the control. The addition of phosphodiesterase-inhibiting caffeine, which inhibits the degradation of cAMP, decreased the NBT reduction of ODN2006-stimulated haemocytes; however, the addition of phenol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) significantly increased the NBT reduction. When PMA-stimulated haemocytes were treated with chelerythrine (a PKC inhibitor), the induced NBT reduction was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the study of ODN2006-stimulated haemocytes treated with chelerythrine showed that the enhancement effect of ODN2006 on the NBT reduction was significantly decreased. All results suggest that the enhancement of the respiratory burst of prawn haemocytes is induced by ODN2006 via a PKC-activating signalling pathway, but negatively regulated via the cAMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hung Sung
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Abstract
A molecular marker for germ cells of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, was studied. A vasa-like gene, Mrvlg, from the ovary was isolated and characterized by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. A full-length sequence was obtained by the rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) method. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed that Mrvlg comprises 2,686 bps with an open reading frame of 2,130 bps encoding 710 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contains four arginine-glycine-glycine motifs and eight conserved motifs belonging to the DEAD-box protein family. The MrVLG sequence shows high similarity to Vasa homologue of zebrafish (73%). In the adult tissues, the Mrvlg transcripts were specifically detected in the germ cells. In situ hybridization analysis showed that Mrvlg RNA was detected in the cytoplasm of oogonia, previtellogenic, and vitellogenic oocytes and was also detected in the nucleoplasm of mature oocytes. In the testis, the Mrvlg transcript was detected in the cytoplasm of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes but was detected in the nuclei of secondary spermatocytes and sperm. Sequence similarity and specific localization in the germ cells suggest that Mrvlg is the prawn vasa homologue of the Drosophila gene and can be used as a molecular marker for prawn germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- La-Iad Nakkrasae
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Allodi S, Bressan CM, Carvalho SL, Cavalcante LA. Regionally specific distribution of the binding of anti-glutamine synthetase and anti-S100 antibodies and of Datura stramonium lectin in glial domains of the optic lobe of the giant prawn. Glia 2006; 53:612-20. [PMID: 16435368 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We previously characterized some crustacean glial cells by markers such as 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Here we use antibodies against glutamine synthetase full-length molecule (anti-GS/FL), a GS C-terminal peptide (anti-GS/20aa-C), and brain S100 (anti-S100), as well as the binding of the insect glia and rat astrocytic marker Datura stramonium lectin (DSL), in the optic lobe of the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. All markers label the lamina ganglionaris cartridge region (lighter: anti-GS/FL; heavier: DSL). In addition, anti-GS/FL labels superficial somata of external and internal medullas and internal chiasm cells. Both anti-GS/20aa-C and anti-S100 label heavily the glial sheaths of the lamina ganglionaris. In addition, anti-S100 binds to the perineurial glia of medullary parenchymal vessels. Western blot analyses show that both anti-GS/FL and anti-GS/20aa-C bind mostly to a band of 50-55 kDa, compatible with a long isoform of vertebrate GS, and accessorily to a possible dimer and, in the case of anti-GS/20aa-C, to an ill-defined band of intermediate mass. Binding of anti-S100 is selective for a single band of about 68 kDa but shows no protein in the weight range of the canonical S100 protein superfamily. DSL reveals two bands of about 75 and about 120 kDa, thus within the range of maximal recognition for rat astrocytes. Our results suggest that phenotype protein markers of the optic lobe glia share antigenic determinants with S100 and (a long form of) GS and that, similarly to vertebrate and insect glia, crustacean glia protein and N-glycan residue markers display regional heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Allodi
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, ICB, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Abstract
Chromatic adaptation in crustaceans results from the differential distribution of colored pigment granules within their chromatophores consequent to cell signaling by neurosecretory peptides. However, the force transducing, mechanochemical protein motors responsible for granule translocation, and their molecular mechanisms of action, are not well understood. The present study uses immunocytochemical techniques and a motility assay in vitro to demonstrate that protein motors from the kinesin and myosin superfamilies are stably associated with membrane-bounded pigment granules in the red, ovarian chromatophores of the freshwater, palaemonid shrimp, Macrobrachium olfersii. Monoclonal antibodies against conventional kinesin heavy chain, and an anti-myosin whole serum, labeled pigment-containing fragments prepared from homogenates of chromatophores with fully dispersed or aggregated pigments: this finding infers a permanent association between the protein motors and the pigment granules, and suggests that such motors may be regulated while bound to their cargos. The pigment aggregator appears to be a myosin since the anti-myosin whole serum attenuated hormonally triggered pigment aggregation in the motility assay in vitro, and induced pigment hyper-dispersion in some chromatophores. Western blots of the chromatophore-containing, ovarian tissue homogenate demonstrated protein bands consistent with myosin II and myosin XII, either of which may be the pigment aggregator. This study provides the first direct evidence for myosin and kinesin protein motors directly and stably associated with pigment granules in crustacean chromatophores, and may represent the first successful isolation of myosin class XII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tew Boyle
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Herein we report the effects of microtubule- and actin-like filament disrupting drugs, as well as the microtubule stabilizer taxol, on PCH-induced pigment granule aggregation within erythrophores of the freshwater crustacean Macrobrachium potiuna. Dose-response curves (DRCs) to the pigment-concentrating hormone PCH were determined under control and experimental conditions to evaluate the effects elicited by the cytoskeleton-affecting drugs. Colchicine, at temperatures 22 degrees C and 4 degrees C, and vinblastine significantly inhibited the aggregating response to PCH and affected the dynamics of the process, as shown by the change in the slope of the regression curve calculated from the DRCs. Lumicolchicine, a colchicine analogue with no affinity for tubulin, also inhibited pigment migration, though no change in the slope of the regression curve was observed. The inhibitory effects of lumicolchicine demonstrate that changes in sites other than cytoskeleton, such as membrane permeability, may also cause a decrease in the PCH-induced aggregating responses and that the colchicine effects may result from its action on cellular sites additional to the cytoskeleton. Taxol, a microtubule stabilizer, did not affect the DRC to PCH, and DMSO improved the PCH-evoked responses, pointing out to the maintenance of tubulin in the polymerized state as the appropriate condition for aggregation. Cytochalasin B, an actin-like filament disrupter, diminished the aggregating responses to the hormone, with no change in the slope of the regression curve, indicating that these elements take part in the process and that cytosolic calcium rise, sol/gel transformations and endoplasmic reticulum motility may well play an important role in granule migration. It is suggested that microtubules are steadily polymerized as a requirement for pigment aggregation and that process is biphasic, the initial phase being dependent on the microtubule integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Tuma
- Department of Physiology, NAPIG, USP, Brazil
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