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Sato H, Narita K, Minami A, Yamazaki M, Wang C, Suemune H, Nagano S, Tomita T, Oikawa H, Uchiyama M. Theoretical Study of Sesterfisherol Biosynthesis: Computational Prediction of Key Amino Acid Residue in Terpene Synthase. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2473. [PMID: 29410538 PMCID: PMC5802712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclization mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of sesterterpenes are not fully understood. For example, there are two plausible reaction pathways for sesterfisherol biosynthesis, which differ in the order of ring cyclization: A-D-B/C (Path a) and A-B-C/D (Path b). It is difficult to capture intermediates of terpene cyclization, which is a complex, domino-type reaction, and so here we employed a combination of experimental and computational methods. Density functional theory calculations revealed unexpected intermediates and transition states, and implied that C-H···π interaction between a carbocation intermediate and an aromatic residue of sesterfisherol synthase (NfSS) plays a critical role, serving to accelerate the 1,2-H shift (thereby preventing triquinane carbocation formation) and to protect reactive carbocation intermediates from bases such as pyrophosphate or water in the active site. Site-directed mutagenesis of NfSS guided by docking simulations confirmed that phenylalanine F191 is a critical amino acid residue for sesterfisherol synthase, as the F191A mutant of NfSS produces novel sesterterpenes, but not sesterfisherol. Although both pathways are energetically viable, on the basis of our computational and experimental results, NfSS-mediated sesterfisherol biosynthesis appears to proceed via Path a. These findings may also provide new insight into the cyclization mechanisms in related sesterterpene synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, and RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (Wako campus), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama-ken, 351-0198, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Koji Narita
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Atsushi Minami
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Mami Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Chao Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, and RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (Wako campus), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama-ken, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hironori Suemune
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Shingo Nagano
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Takeo Tomita
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Elements Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, and RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (Wako campus), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama-ken, 351-0198, Japan.
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Huang AC, Kautsar SA, Hong YJ, Medema MH, Bond AD, Tantillo DJ, Osbourn A. Unearthing a sesterterpene biosynthetic repertoire in the Brassicaceae through genome mining reveals convergent evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6005-E6014. [PMID: 28673978 PMCID: PMC5530694 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705567114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesterterpenoids are a rare terpene class harboring untapped chemodiversity and bioactivities. Their structural diversity originates primarily from the scaffold-generating sesterterpene synthases (STSs). In fungi, all six known STSs are bifunctional, containing C-terminal trans-prenyltransferase (PT) and N-terminal terpene synthase (TPS) domains. In plants, two colocalized PT and TPS gene pairs from Arabidopsis thaliana were recently reported to synthesize sesterterpenes. However, the landscape of PT and TPS genes in plant genomes is unclear. Here, using a customized algorithm for systematically searching plant genomes, we reveal a suite of physically colocalized pairs of PT and TPS genes for the biosynthesis of a large sesterterpene repertoire in the wider Brassicaceae. Transient expression of seven TPSs from A. thaliana, Capsella rubella, and Brassica oleracea in Nicotiana benthamiana yielded fungal-type sesterterpenes with tri-, tetra-, and pentacyclic scaffolds, and notably (-)-ent-quiannulatene, an enantiomer of the fungal metabolite (+)-quiannulatene. Protein and structural modeling analysis identified an amino acid site implicated in structural diversification. Mutation of this site in one STS (AtTPS19) resulted in premature termination of carbocation intermediates and accumulation of bi-, tri-, and tetracyclic sesterterpenes, revealing the cyclization path for the pentacyclic sesterterpene (-)-retigeranin B. These structural and mechanistic insights, together with phylogenetic analysis, suggest convergent evolution of plant and fungal STSs, and also indicate that the colocalized PT-TPS gene pairs in the Brassicaceae may have originated from a common ancestral gene pair present before speciation. Our findings further provide opportunities for rapid discovery and production of sesterterpenes through metabolic and protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancheng C Huang
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Satria A Kautsar
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Young J Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Marnix H Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D Bond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Anne Osbourn
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom;
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Diethelm S, Teufel R, Kaysser L, Moore BS. A multitasking vanadium-dependent chloroperoxidase as an inspiration for the chemical synthesis of the merochlorins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11023-6. [PMID: 25147132 PMCID: PMC4226426 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The vanadium-dependent chloroperoxidase Mcl24 was discovered to mediate a complex series of unprecedented transformations in the biosynthesis of the merochlorin meroterpenoid antibiotics. In particular, a site-selective naphthol chlorination is followed by an oxidative dearomatization/terpene cyclization sequence to build up the stereochemically complex carbon framework of the merochlorins in one step. Inspired by the enzyme reactivity, a chemical chlorination protocol paralleling the biocatalytic process was developed. These chemical studies led to the identification of previously overlooked merochlorin natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Diethelm
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Robin Teufel
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Leonard Kaysser
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Bradley S. Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, Homepage: http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/bsmoore. Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Michalak K, Michalak M, Wicha J. Studies towards the total synthesis of di- and sesterterpenes with dicyclopenta[a,d]cyclooctane skeletons. Three-component approach to the A/B rings building block. Molecules 2005; 10:1084-100. [PMID: 18007374 PMCID: PMC6147619 DOI: 10.3390/10091084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2005] [Accepted: 09/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesqui- and sesterterpenes of ophiobolin and fusicoccin families are important synthetic targets because of complexity of structure and potentially useful physiological activities, including anti-tumor activity. A synthesis of versatile building blocks for these terpenoids is described. Cyclopenta[8]annulene rings system with properly dislocated substituents was constructed using as key steps ring closing metathesis reaction and Wagner - Meerwein rearrangement. Ring closing metathesis reaction leading to cyclopenta[8]annulene was studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerzy Wicha
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail:
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