1
|
Fisara P, Guerino F. Year-round efficacy of a single treatment of fluralaner injectable suspension (Bravecto Quantum TM) against repeated infestations with Ixodes holocyclus in dogs. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:375. [PMID: 37864235 PMCID: PMC10590027 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The longer the duration of protection of an acaricide against canine infestation with Ixodes holocyclus, the lower the risk of gaps in tick control programs that will place dogs at risk of potentially fatal tick-induced paralysis. Two studies investigated the duration of efficacy provided by a novel injectable suspension of fluralaner (Bravecto QuantumTM) against this tick species. METHODS In both studies, 20 clinically healthy dogs were randomized to an untreated control group or to a group treated once, on Day 0, with the injectable fluralaner suspension (15 mg/kg). Dogs were infested with up to 25 unfed adult female I. holocyclus ticks on Day -1, during Weeks 1 and 2, and then at intervals no greater than approximately 3 months for the 13 months following treatment. Ticks were assessed in situ at 24 and 48 h and assessed and removed at 72 h following treatment and each subsequent infestation. Efficacy was determined by comparing arithmetic mean live tick (attached or free) counts in the treated group with the control group. RESULTS The untreated control dogs maintained adequate infestations for efficacy evaluations at all assessment weeks, with mean tick counts ranging from 16.2 to 21.6 in Study 1 and 14.0 to 23.5 in Study 2. The efficacy of fluralaner injectable suspension against existing infestations, determined 72 h following treatment administration, was 64.1% in Study 1 and 42.7% in Study 2. Efficacy against post-treatment infestations in Study 1 ranged from 95.7 to 100% from Week 1 through Week 57; in Study 2 efficacy was 100% at every assessment from Week 1 through Week 57. No treatment-related adverse events were recorded in either study. CONCLUSION The injectable fluralaner suspension was highly effective against I. holocyclus infestations of dogs from one week through 13 months following a single treatment. By placing treatment with the veterinarian, killing ticks within 72 h of attachment, and providing a full year of protection, fluralaner injectable suspension can help facilitate owner compliance with tick control treatment recommendations, thus reducing the risk of canine tick paralysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Fisara
- MSD Animal Health Australia Ltd., 26 Talavera Road, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2113, Australia.
| | - Frank Guerino
- Merck Animal Health, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bane A. A 60 year old Ethiopian farmer diagnosed with tick paralysis at Adera Medical Center. Ethiop Med J 2014; 52:143-146. [PMID: 25812288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A 60 year old farmer from west Shewa in Ethiopia presented on February 13 2014, with right arm flaccid monoplegia after bitten by a tick stuck to his right arm pit. The case was initially misdiagnosed as cellulitis. To our knowledge, tick paralysis has not been reported from Ethiopia. We report the case presentation with literature review.
Collapse
|
3
|
Maritz C, Louw AI, Gothe R, Neitz AW. Detection and micro-scale isolation of a low molecular mass paralysis toxin from the tick, Argas (Persicargas) walkerae. Exp Appl Acarol 2000; 24:615-630. [PMID: 11201354 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026565222030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the isolation of a 11 kDa paralysis toxin from crude larval extracts of Argas (Persicargas) walkerae by exploiting the cross-reactivity of a monoclonal antibody (4B12), directed against the paralysis toxin of Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi. This low molecular mass is in contrast to previous findings of a 60-70 kDa toxin for A. (P.) walkerae, but is similar to neurotoxins isolated from venomous forms of the class Arachnida, which comprise the orders Araneae (spiders). Scorpionida (Scorpions) and Acari (ticks and mites). Since numerous antigenic bands, ranging between 11 and 115 kDa, were detected by the monoclonal antibody 4B12, the possibility of toxin-complex formation and the effect of pH on the latter were investigated by means of HPLC and ammonium sulphate precipitation. The results suggest that physiological conditions, with respect to pH and ionic strength, promote the formation of heterogeneous toxin-complexes while an acidic pH favours the formation of a more homogeneous toxin-containing complex. Furthermore, the effect of partially purified toxin on neurotransmitter release from crude rat brain synaptosomes was investigated, since tick paralysis toxins are hypothesised to inhibit neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic terminal. Both calcium-dependent, as well as calcium-independent release was inhibited by the toxin-containing sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Maritz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Shen YZ. [Hares (Leporidae) and their parasitic ticks (Ixodidae) in relation to tick-borne diseases]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 1986; 7:117-20. [PMID: 3527433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
6
|
Perrin C, Long FX, Perrin P. [Facial diplegia due to tick bites]. J Fr Otorhinolaryngol Audiophonol Chir Maxillofac 1980; 29:671-4. [PMID: 6450269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
7
|
Breland OP. Bionomics and significance of some venomous arthropods. Cutis 1977; 19:749-57. [PMID: 872618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
8
|
Neundörfer B. [Inflammatory diseases of the peripheral nervous system]. Med Welt 1977; 28:978-83. [PMID: 329044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
|
10
|
CAMPBELL EG. TICK PARALYSIS. J Kans Med Soc 1964; 65:465-8. [PMID: 14179723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
|
11
|
PAVLOV P. [RESEARCH ON " TICK PARALYSIS" OBSERVED IN CHICKENS IN BULGARIA AND CAUSED BY NYMPHS OF HAEMAPHYSALIS PUNCTATA. CAN. AND FRANZ]. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp 1963; 38:459-61. [PMID: 14074042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
|
12
|
WEBB JH, EARNEST F. Tick paralysis. A case report. Ohio State Med J 1963; 59:395. [PMID: 13999334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
|
13
|
RODDEY OF, McALISTER JC. Tick paralysis. Report of a case. N C Med J 1962; 23:295-6. [PMID: 14493081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
|
14
|
RENUART AW, DE MARIA WJ. Tick paralysis. A report of eight cases. Med Times 1961; 89:1010-6. [PMID: 14491515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
|
15
|
MURNAGHAN MF. Nerve fiber conduction block in tick paralysis. Rev Can Biol 1961; 20:19-24. [PMID: 13726944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
|
16
|
|
17
|
DONOVAN WB, FELDMAN D. Tick paralysis. Marquette Med Rev 1960; 26:8-10. [PMID: 13723806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
|
18
|
Abstract
Experiments with tick-paralyzed dogs and woodchucks have shown impairment of stretch reflexes in addition to partial paralysis at the neuromuscular junction. Stretch reflexes disappear very early during paralysis, whereas nociceptive reflexes do not appear to be directly affected. The early incoordination and the ascending nature of the paralysis may be related to impairment of stretch reflex pathways.
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
MURNAGHAN MF. Conduction block of terminal somatic motor fibers in tick paralysis. Can J Biochem Physiol 1960; 38:287-95. [PMID: 14425360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
|
21
|
Abstract
A neurophysiological investigation indicates that the paralysis produced in the dog by the wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, is due to failure in the liberation of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction because of a conduction block in the somatic motor fibers produced by the tick "toxin".
Collapse
|
22
|
SWANEPOEL A. Tick paralysis: regional neurological involvement caused by Hyalomma truncatum. S Afr Med J 1959; 33:909-11. [PMID: 13836026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
|
23
|
|
24
|
|
25
|
PEACOCK PB. Tick paralysis or poliomyelitis. S Afr Med J 1958; 32:201-2. [PMID: 13529220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
|
26
|
|
27
|
McDERMOTT AE. Tick paralysis; report of a case. Mo Med 1957; 54:1054. [PMID: 13477175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
28
|
|
29
|
|
30
|
PETROVICKY O. [ Tick paralysis in Czechoslavakia]. Cas Lek Cesk 1955; 94:948-55. [PMID: 13261114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
31
|
PATTINSON A. Tick paralysis with bulbar involvement. Can Nurse 1955; 51:134-40. [PMID: 14352132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
|
32
|
|
33
|
ROSE I. A review of tick paralysis. Can Med Assoc J 1954; 70:175-6. [PMID: 13126868 PMCID: PMC1825272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
|
34
|
TICK paralysis. Med Techn Bull 1953; 4:36. [PMID: 13001620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
|
35
|
ERASMUS LD. Regional tick paralysis; sensory and motor changes caused by a male tick, genus Hyalomma. S Afr Med J 1952; 26:985-7. [PMID: 13028780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
|
36
|
|
37
|
COGGINS RP, DERIVAUX JH. Tick paralysis. J Med Assoc Ga 1952; 41:136-7. [PMID: 14917962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
|
38
|
COSTA JA. Tick paralysis on the Atlantic Seaboard; study of incidence during poliomyelitis season with report of a case and review of published cases. AMA Am J Dis Child 1952; 83:336-47. [PMID: 14902084 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1952.02040070082011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
|
39
|
|
40
|
JELLISON WL, STOENNER HG, KRAMIS NJ, BEARDMORE HF. An outbreak of tick paralysis in cattle in western Montana. Vet Med (Auckl) 1951; 46:163-6. [PMID: 14836267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
|
41
|
PAFFENBARGER RS. Tick paralysis; implicating Amblyomma maculatum. New Orleans Med Surg J 1951; 103:329-32. [PMID: 14806800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
|
42
|
ZUMPT F, GLAJCHEN D. Tick paralysis in man; a suspected case due to Rhipicephalus simus Koch. S Afr Med J 1950; 24:1092-4. [PMID: 14845859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
|
43
|
PHILLIPS P, MURPHY MA. Tick paralysis. Can Med Assoc J 1950; 63:38-9. [PMID: 15427039 PMCID: PMC1821678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
|
44
|
JELLISON WL, GREGSON JD. Tick paralysis in northwestern United States and British Columbia. Rocky Mt Med J 1950; 47:28-33, illust. [PMID: 15408559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
|
45
|
BASHINSKY LM, LITTLE SC. Tick paralysis; a discussion and case report. J Med Assoc State Ala 1949; 18:276-278. [PMID: 18116335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
|
46
|
PERRY WJ, RAGLAND RB. Tick paralysis; a report of two cases in North Carolina. N C Med J 1949; 10:133-136. [PMID: 18114094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
|
47
|
SWARTZWELDER JC, SEABURY JH. Rite of Amblyomma americanum associated with possible tick paralysis. J Parasitol 1947; 33:22. [PMID: 20340890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
|
48
|
RANDOLPH MF. Tick paralysis; a report of two cases. Clin Proc Child Hosp Dist Columbia 1947; 3:278-282. [PMID: 18898490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
|
49
|
STIEGLER G. Paratyphoid fever simulating acute appendicitis. Clin Proc Child Hosp Dist Columbia 1946; 2:269-272. [PMID: 20275908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
|
50
|
STILLER R. Tick paralysis. Clin Proc Child Hosp Dist Columbia 1946; 2:266-268. [PMID: 20275907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
|