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Feldmüller M, Ericson CF, Afanasyev P, Lien YW, Weiss GL, Wollweber F, Schoof M, Hurst M, Pilhofer M. Stepwise assembly and release of Tc toxins from Yersinia entomophaga. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:405-420. [PMID: 38316932 PMCID: PMC10847046 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Tc toxins are virulence factors of bacterial pathogens. Although their structure and intoxication mechanism are well understood, it remains elusive where this large macromolecular complex is assembled and how it is released. Here we show by an integrative multiscale imaging approach that Yersinia entomophaga Tc (YenTc) toxin components are expressed only in a subpopulation of cells that are 'primed' with several other potential virulence factors, including filaments of the protease M66/StcE. A phage-like lysis cassette is required for YenTc release; however, before resulting in complete cell lysis, the lysis cassette generates intermediate 'ghost' cells, which may serve as assembly compartments and become packed with assembled YenTc holotoxins. We hypothesize that this stepwise mechanism evolved to minimize the number of cells that need to be killed. The occurrence of similar lysis cassettes in diverse organisms indicates a conserved mechanism for Tc toxin release that may apply to other extracellular macromolecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Feldmüller
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Charles F Ericson
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Yun-Wei Lien
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor L Weiss
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Wollweber
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marion Schoof
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Christchurch, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Resilient Agriculture, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark Hurst
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Christchurch, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Resilient Agriculture, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martin Pilhofer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Abbasi Kheirabadi M, Saffar B, Hemmati R, Mortazavi M. Thermally stable and acidic pH tolerant mutant phytases with high catalytic efficiency from Yersinia intermedia for potential application in feed industries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:33713-33724. [PMID: 35029822 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heat- and pH-stable phytase efficiently hydrolyzes phytic acid. In this research, heat- and pH-stable mutant phytases, T83R, L287R, and T83R/L287R were generated by site-directed mutagenesis from Yersinia intermedia. After the induction and expression of recombinant wild-type and mutant phytases in E. coli BL21, the enzymes were purified using nickel sepharose affinity chromatography, and characterized kinetically and thermodynamically using spectroscopy methods. The mutants showed optimum activity at pH 5.15 and 55-61 °C. The catalytic efficiencies of T83R, L287R, T83R/L287R, and wild-type phytases were calculated to be 2941, 29346, 4906, and 6917 mmol/L-1s-1, respectively. Moreover, after the incubation of T83R, L287R, wild-type, and T83R/ L287R phytases at 100 °C for 1 h, the enzymes retained 22, 5, 4, and 2% of their initial activities, respectively. In addition, T83R, T83R/L287R, L287R, and wild-type phytases retained 82, 44, 16 as well as 11% of their initial activities after 1 h at pH 5.15, respectively. Among these mutants, T83R mutant showed 18% increase in thermal stability, 71% increase in pH stability, and +0.103 KJ/mole increase in ΔΔG, while the catalytic efficiency and ΔΔG value of L287R mutant increased by 4 times and +0.0903 KJ/mole, respectively. Thus, the mutants have the potential to be used in feed industries to increase the bioavailability of minerals while decreasing soil and water pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behnaz Saffar
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Roohullah Hemmati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, 88186-34141, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Mortazavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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Ost GS, Wirth C, Bogdanović X, Kao WC, Schorch B, Aktories PJK, Papatheodorou P, Schwan C, Schlosser A, Jank T, Hunte C, Aktories K. Inverse control of Rab proteins by Yersinia ADP-ribosyltransferase and glycosyltransferase related to clostridial glucosylating toxins. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz2094. [PMID: 32195351 PMCID: PMC7065874 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We identified a glucosyltransferase (YGT) and an ADP-ribosyltransferase (YART) in Yersinia mollaretii, highly related to glucosylating toxins from Clostridium difficile, the cause of antibiotics-associated enterocolitis. Both Yersinia toxins consist of an amino-terminal enzyme domain, an autoprotease domain activated by inositol hexakisphosphate, and a carboxyl-terminal translocation domain. YGT N-acetylglucosaminylates Rab5 and Rab31 at Thr52 and Thr36, respectively, thereby inactivating the Rab proteins. YART ADP-ribosylates Rab5 and Rab31 at Gln79 and Gln64, respectively. This activates Rab proteins by inhibiting GTP hydrolysis. We determined the crystal structure of the glycosyltransferase domain of YGT (YGTG) in the presence and absence of UDP at 1.9- and 3.4-Å resolution, respectively. Thereby, we identified a previously unknown potassium ion-binding site, which explains potassium ion-dependent enhanced glycosyltransferase activity in clostridial and related toxins. Our findings exhibit a novel type of inverse regulation of Rab proteins by toxins and provide new insights into the structure-function relationship of glycosyltransferase toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Stefan Ost
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Fakultät für Biologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christophe Wirth
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xenia Bogdanović
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wei-Chun Kao
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn Schorch
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp J. K. Aktories
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Papatheodorou
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schwan
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum für Experimentelle Biomedizin, Universität Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Jank
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carola Hunte
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS–Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Aktories
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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Asadi Haris S, Altowayti WAH, Ibrahim Z, Shahir S. Arsenic biosorption using pretreated biomass of psychrotolerant Yersinia sp. strain SOM-12D3 isolated from Svalbard, Arctic. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:27959-27970. [PMID: 30062542 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A Gram-negative, arsenite-resistant psychrotolerant bacterial strain, Yersinia sp. strain SOM-12D3, was isolated from a biofilm sample collected from a lake at Svalbard in the Arctic area. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the ability of acid-treated and untreated, non-living biomass of strain SOM-12D3 to absorb arsenic. We conducted batch experiments at pH 7, with an initial As(III) concentration of 6.5 ppm, at 30 °C with 80 min of contact time. The Langmuir isotherm model fitted the equilibrium data better than Freundlich, and the sorption kinetics of As(III) biosorption followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation well for both types of non-living biomass. The highest biosorption capacity of the acid-treated biomass obtained by the Langmuir model was 159 mg/g. Further, a high recovery efficiency of 96% for As(III) was achieved using 0.1 M HCl within four cycles, which indicated high adsorption/desorption. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) demonstrated the involvement of hydroxyl, amide, and amine groups in As(III) biosorption. Field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive analysis (FESEM-EDAX) indicated the different morphological changes occurring in the cell after acid treatment and arsenic biosorption. Our results highlight the potential of using acid-treated non-living biomass of the psychrotolerant bacterium, Yersinia sp. Strain SOM-12D3 as a new biosorbent to remove As(III) from contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Asadi Haris
- Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wahid Ali Hamood Altowayti
- Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaharah Ibrahim
- Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Shafinaz Shahir
- Department of Biosciences and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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Niu C, Yang P, Luo H, Huang H, Wang Y, Yao B. Engineering of Yersinia Phytases to Improve Pepsin and Trypsin Resistance and Thermostability and Application Potential in the Food and Feed Industry. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:7337-7344. [PMID: 28752758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Susceptibility to proteases usually limits the application of phytase. We sought to improve the pepsin and trypsin resistance of YeAPPA from Yersinia enterocolitica and YkAPPA from Y. kristensenii by optimizing amino acid polarity and charge. The predicted pepsin/trypsin cleavage sites F89/K226 in pepsin/trypsin-sensitive YeAPPA and the corresponding sites (F89/E226) in pepsin-sensitive but trypsin-resistant YkAPPA were substituted with S and H, respectively. Six variants were produced in Pichia pastoris for catalytic and biochemical characterization. F89S, E226H, and F89S/E226H elevated pepsin resistance and thermostability and K226H and F89S/K226H improved pepsin and trypsin resistance and stability at 60 °C and low pH. All the variants increased the ability of the proteins to hydrolyze phytate in corn meal by 2.6-14.9-fold in the presence of pepsin at 37 °C and low pH. This study developed a genetic manipulation strategy specific for pepsin/trypsin-sensitive phytases that can improve enzyme tolerance against proteases and heat and benefit the food and feed industry in a cost-effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canfang Niu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Luo
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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Souza RA, Frazão MR, Almeida AMP, Falcão JP. Rapid and efficient differentiation of Yersinia species using high-resolution melting analysis. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 115:6-12. [PMID: 25980404 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The primary goal of clinical microbiology is the accurate identification of the causative agent of the disease. Here, we describe a method for differentiation between Yersinia species using PCR-HRMA. The results revealed species-specific melting profiles. The herein developed assay can be used as an effective method to differentiate Yersinia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A Souza
- Brazilian Reference Center on Yersinia spp. other than Y. pestis, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Miliane R Frazão
- Brazilian Reference Center on Yersinia spp. other than Y. pestis, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alzira M P Almeida
- Brazilian Reference Service on Plague, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (CPqAM/FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Falcão
- Brazilian Reference Center on Yersinia spp. other than Y. pestis, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Santarpia JL, Pan YL, Hill SC, Baker N, Cottrell B, McKee L, Ratnesar-Shumate S, Pinnick RG. Changes in fluorescence spectra of bioaerosols exposed to ozone in a laboratory reaction chamber to simulate atmospheric aging. Opt Express 2012; 20:29867-29881. [PMID: 23388813 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.029867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory system for exposing aerosol particles to ozone and rapidly measuring the subsequent changes in their single-particle fluorescence is reported. The system consists of a rotating drum chamber and a single-particle fluorescence spectrometer (SPFS) utilizing excitation at 263 nm. Measurements made with this system show preliminary results on the ultra-violet laser-induced-fluorescence (UV-LIF) spectra of single aerosolized particles of Yersinia rohdei, and of MS2 (bacteriophage) exposed to ozone. When bioparticles are exposed in the chamber the fluorescence emission peak around 330 nm: i) decreases in intensity relative to that of the 400-550 nm band; and ii) shifts slightly toward shorter-wavelengths (consistent with further drying of the particles). In these experiments, changes were observed at exposures below the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limits for ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Santarpia
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
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8
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Couderc C, Nappez C, Drancourt M. Comparing inactivation protocols of Yersinia organisms for identification with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2012; 26:710-714. [PMID: 22328226 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE It is recommended that harmful Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) bacteria be inactivated prior to identification by mass spectrometry, yet optimal effects of inactivation protocol have not been defined. METHODS Here, we compare trifluoroacetic acid inactivation (protocol A) with ethanol inactivation (protocol B) of Yersinia organisms prior to identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). RESULTS The total number of peaks detected was 10.5 ± 1.7 for protocol A and 15.7 ± 4.2 for protocol B (ρ <0.001, ANOVA test). The signal-to-noise ratio for the m/z 6049 peak present in all of the tested Yersinia isolates was 9.7 ± 3.1 for protocol A and 18.1 ± 4.6 for protocol B (ρ < 0.001). Compared with spectra in our local database containing 48 Yersinia spp., including 20 strains of Y. pestis, the identification score was 1.79 ± 0.2 for protocol A and 1.97 ± 0.19 for protocol B (ρ = 0.0024). CONCLUSIONS Our observations indicate that for the identification of Yersinia organisms, ethanol inactivation yielded MALDI-TOF-MS spectra of significantly higher quality than spectra derived from trifluoroacetic acid inactivation. Combined with previously published data, our results permit the updating of protocols for inactivating BSL-3 bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Couderc
- Fédération de Microbiologie Clinique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire POLMIT, Marseille, France
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Abstract
We report on the design and evaluation of novel cyclic peptides targeting the N-terminal domain of the protein tyrosine phosphatase YopH from Yersinia. Cyclic peptides have been designed based on a short sequence from the protein SKAP-HOM [DE(pY)DDPF (pY=phosphotyrosine)], and they all contain the motif DEZXDPfK (where Z is a phosphotyrosine or a non-hydrolyzable phosphotyrosine mimetic, X is an aspartic acid or a leucine and f is a d-phenylalanine). These peptides present a 'head to tail' architecture, enabling cyclization through formation of an amide bond in between the side chains of the first aspartic acid and the lysine residues. Chemical shift perturbation studies have been carried out to monitor the binding of these peptides to the N-terminal domain of YopH. Peptides containing a phosphotyrosine moiety exhibit binding affinities in the low micromolar range; substitution of the phosphotyrosine with one of its non-hydrolyzable derivatives dramatically reduces the binding affinities. These preliminary studies may pave the way for the discovery of more potent and selective peptide-based ligands of the YopH N-terminal domain which could be further investigated for their ability to inhibit Yersiniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilisa Leone
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd, 92037 La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Barile
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd, 92037 La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Russell Dahl
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd, 92037 La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maurizio Pellecchia
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center and Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd, 92037 La Jolla, CA, USA
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Samuels AC, Snyder AP, Emge DK, Amant D, Minter J, Campbell M, Tripathi A. Classification of select category A and B bacteria by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 2009; 63:14-24. [PMID: 19146715 DOI: 10.1366/000370209787169867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy historically is a powerful tool for the taxonomic classification of bacteria by genus, species, and strain when they are grown under carefully controlled conditions. Relatively few reports have investigated the determination and classification of pathogens such as the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Category A Bacillus anthracis spores and cells (BA), Yersinia species, Francisella tularensis (FT), and Category B Brucella species from FT-IR spectra. We investigated the multivariate statistics classification ability of the FT-IR spectra of viable pathogenic and non-pathogenic NIAID Category A and B bacteria. The impact of different growth media, growth time and temperature, rolling circle filter of the data, and wavelength range were investigated for their microorganism differentiation capability. Viability of the bacteria was confirmed by agar plate growth after the FT-IR experimental procedures were performed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was reduced to maps of two PC vectors in order to distill the FT-IR spectral features into manageable, visual presentations. The PCA results of the strains of BA, FT, Brucella, and Yersinia spectra from conditions of varying growth media and culture time were readily separable in two-dimensional (2D) PC plots. FT spectra were separated from those of the three other genera. The BA pathogenic spore strains 1029, LA1, and Ames were clearly differentiated from the rest of the dataset. Yersinia rhodei, Y. enterocolitica, and Y. pestis species were distinctly separated from the remaining dataset and could also be classified by growth media. Different growth media produced distinct subsets in the FT, BA, and Yersinia spp. regions in the 2D PC plots. Various 2D PC plots provided differential degrees of separation with respect to the four viable bacterial genera including the BA sub-categories of pathogenic spores, vegetative cells, and nonpathogenic vegetative cells. This work provided evidence that FT-IR spectroscopy can indeed separate the four major pathogenic bacterial genera of NIAID Category A and B biological threat agents including details according to the growth conditions and statistical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Samuels
- ECBC, Research and Technology Directorate, Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5424, USA
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Huang H, Luo H, Wang Y, Fu D, Shao N, Wang G, Yang P, Yao B. A novel phytase from Yersinia rohdei with high phytate hydrolysis activity under low pH and strong pepsin conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 80:417-26. [PMID: 18548246 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two novel phytase genes belonging to the histidine acid phosphatase family were cloned from Yersinia rohdei and Y. pestis and expressed in Pichia pastoris. Both the recombinant phytases had high activity at pH 1.5-6.0 (optimum pH 4.5) with an optimum temperature of 55 degrees C. Compared with the major commercial phytases from Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli, and a potential commercial phytase from Y. intermedia, the Y. rohdei phytase was more resistant to pepsin, retained more activity under gastric conditions, and released more inorganic phosphorus (two to ten times) from soybean meal under simulated gastric conditions. These superior properties suggest that the Y. rohdei phytase is an attractive additive to animal feed. Our study indicated that, in order to better hydrolyze the phytate and release more inorganic phosphorus in the gastric passage, phytase should have high activity and stability, simultaneously, at low pH and high protease concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huoqing Huang
- Department of Microbial Engineering, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Deane JE, Graham SC, Mitchell EP, Flot D, Johnson S, Lea SM. Crystal structure of Spa40, the specificity switch for the Shigella flexneri type III secretion system. Mol Microbiol 2008; 69:267-76. [PMID: 18485071 PMCID: PMC2615192 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic bacterium Shigella flexneri uses a type III secretion system to inject virulence factors from the bacterial cytosol directly into host cells. The machinery that identifies secretion substrates and controls the export of extracellular components and effector proteins consists of several inner-membrane and cytoplasmic proteins. One of the inner membrane components, Spa40, belongs to a family of proteins proposed to regulate the switching of substrate specificity of the export apparatus. We show that Spa40 is cleaved within the strictly conserved amino acid sequence NPTH and substitution of the proposed autocatalytic residue abolishes cleavage. Here we also report the crystal structure of the cytoplasmic complex Spa40(C) and compare it with the recent structures of the homologues from Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. These structures reveal the tight association of the cleaved fragments and show that the conserved NPTH sequence lies on a loop which, when cleaved, swings away from the catalytic N257 residue, resulting in different surface features in this region. This structural rearrangement suggests a mechanism by which non-cleaving forms of these proteins interfere with correct substrate switching of the apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Deane
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Rd, University of OxfordOX1 3RE, UK
| | - Stephen C Graham
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of OxfordOX3 7BN, UK
| | - Edward P Mitchell
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France
- EPSAM, Keele UniversityStafforshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - David Flot
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory6 Rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Steven Johnson
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Rd, University of OxfordOX1 3RE, UK
| | - Susan M Lea
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Rd, University of OxfordOX1 3RE, UK
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13
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Abstract
The mechanism of length control of the flagellar hook is under debate between two theories. One claims that the FliK directly measures the hook length as a molecular ruler, while the other claims that the cytoplasmic substructure measures the amount of hook subunits to determine the hook length. Both agree that the FliK C-terminal domain catalyses the substrate-specificity switch to terminate hook elongation. In this study, we systematically created fliK mutants with deletions and insertions at various sites within the FliK N-terminal domain and analysed their effects on the final hook length. Insertions of peptide fragments from the Yersinia YscP into FliK gave rise to hooks with defined lengths, which was proportional to the molecular size of the FliK-YscP chimeras. Among fliK deletion mutants, only those with small truncations in three specific sites of FliK produced hooks of a defined, shortened length. For the majority of deletion mutants, FliK was secreted, but hook length was not controlled. On the other hand, for some deletion mutants FliK was not secreted, but the hook length was controlled, indicating that FliK secretion is not necessary for hook-length control. We conclude that FliK regulates hook length as an internal molecular ruler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Shibata
- Department of Life Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 562 Nanatsuka, Shobara, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
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14
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Svarval' AV, Tseneva GI, Shenderovich OA. [Yersinia lipopolysaccharide and its biological activity]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2006:100-4. [PMID: 16830602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The data on the structure and biological activity of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Yersinia as an important virulence factor are analyzed. The biological effects of LPS are characterized by dose dependence: small doses stimulate the intensity of phagocytosis, while large doses decrease phagocytic activity and produce cytotoxic effect. Yersinia LPS plays an important role in the development of such consequences of yersiniosis as reactive arthritis, erythema nodosum, Reiter's syndrome. Yersinia LPS is a widespread component for the diagnostics of yersiniosis and pseudotuberculosis.
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15
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Benvenga S, Santarpia L, Trimarchi F, Guarneri F. Human thyroid autoantigens and proteins of Yersinia and Borrelia share amino acid sequence homology that includes binding motifs to HLA-DR molecules and T-cell receptor. Thyroid 2006; 16:225-36. [PMID: 16571084 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2006.16.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi could trigger autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). Subsequently, we showed local amino acid sequence homology between all human thyroid autoantigens (human thyrotropin receptor [hTSH-R], human thyroglobulin [hTg], human thyroperoxidase [hTPO], human sodium iodide symporter [hNIS]) and Borrelia proteins (n = 6,606), and between hTSH-R and Yersinia enterocolitica (n = 1,153). We have now updated our search of homology with Borrelia (n = 11,198 proteins) and extended our search on Yersinia to the entire species (n = 40,964 proteins). We also searched the homologous human and microbial sequences for peptide-binding motifs of HLA-DR molecules, because a number of these class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (DR3, DR4, DR5, DR8, and DR9) are associated with AITD. Significant homologies were found for only 16 Borrelia proteins (5 with hTSH-R, 2 with hTg, 3 with hTPO, and 6 with hNIS) and only 19 Yersinia proteins (4 with hTSH-R, 2 with hTg, 2 with hTPO, and 11 with hNIS). Noteworthy, segments of thyroid autoantigens homologous to these microbial proteins are known to be autoantigenic. Also, the hTSH-R homologous region of one Borrelia protein (OspA) contains an immunodominant epitope that others have found to be homologous to hLFA-1. This is of interest, as the hLFA-1/ICAM-1 ligand/receptor pair is aberrantly expressed in the follicular cells of thyroids affected by Hashimoto's thyroiditis. A computer-assisted search detected antigenic peptide binding motifs to the DR molecules implicated in AITD. In conclusion, our in silico data do not directly demonstrate that Borrelia and Yersinia proteins trigger AITD but suggest that a restricted number of them might have the potential to, at least in persons with certain HLA-DR alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Benvenga
- Sezione di Endocrinologia del Dipartimento Clinico Sperimentale di Medicina e Farmacologia, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy.
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16
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Jobby MK, Sharma Y. Purification of a crystallin domain of Yersinia crystallin from inclusion bodies and its comparison to native protein from the soluble fraction. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:956-63. [PMID: 16470515 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been established that many heterologously produced proteins in E. coli accumulate as insoluble inclusion bodies. Methods for protein recovery from inclusion bodies involve solubilization using chemical denaturants such as urea and guanidine hydrochloride, followed by removal of denaturant from the solution to allow the protein to refold. In this work, we applied on-column refolding and purification to the second crystallin domain D2 of Yersinia crystallin isolated from inclusion bodies. We also purified the protein from the soluble fraction (without using any denaturant) to compare the biophysical properties and conformation, although the yield was poor. On-column refolding method allows rapid removal of denaturant and refolding at high protein concentration, which is a limitation in traditionally used methods of dialysis or dilution. We were also able to develop methods to remove the co-eluting nucleic acids during chromatography from the protein preparation. Using this protocol, we were able to rapidly refold and purify the crystallin domain using a two-step process with high yield. We used biophysical techniques to compare the conformation and calcium-binding properties of the protein isolated from the soluble fraction and inclusion bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Jobby
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad-500007, India.
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17
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Guzev KV, Isaeva MP, Novikova OD, Solov'eva TF, Rasskazov VA. Molecular Characteristics of OmpF-Like Porins from Pathogenic Yersinia. Biochemistry (Moscow) 2005; 70:1104-10. [PMID: 16271025 DOI: 10.1007/s10541-005-0231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nonspecific pore-forming proteins (porins) are the major proteins of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria responsible for diffusion of low-molecular-weight compounds. Nucleotide sequences of the OmpF-like porins from the pathogenic bacteria Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (YPS) and Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) were cloned and determined. Values of molecular weights (MW) and isoelectric points (IEP) calculated for these proteins (for OmpF-YPS: MW 37.7 kD, IEP 4.45; for OmpF-YE: MW 39.5 kD, IEP 4.34) are in good agreement with experimental data. The OmpF-like Yersinia porins are highly homologous to each other (83-92%) and also to the OmpF protein from Serratia marcescens (70%); the homology to the OmpF porin from E. coli is significantly lower (52-58%). Multiple alignment of the amino acid sequences of mature OmpF proteins provided the distribution of conservative amino acid residues typical for porins. Moreover, the OmpF-like porins from Yersinia are characterized by the presence of extended regions with high and low homologies, which coincide with the transmembrane domains and "external" loops, respectively, of the topological model of the OmpF porin from E. coli. By predictive methods, the secondary structure of the OmpF-like porins from Yersinia was obtained. This structure is represented by 16 beta-strands connected by short "periplasmic" and longer "external" loops with unordered structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Guzev
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
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18
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Abstract
Adhesion and invasion of pathogenic bacteria represent the important initial step of infection. Pathogens utilize surface-located adhesins/invasins for specific interaction with host cell receptors. The three-dimensional structures of a number of adhesins/invasins show that many are elongated molecules containing domains commonly found in eukaryotic proteins. Similar folds are employed repeatedly to target different receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut H Niemann
- Department of Structural Biology, German Research Center for Biotechnology (GBF), Mascheroder Weg 1, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
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19
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Abstract
Important pathogens in the genus Yersinia include the plague bacillus Yersinia pestis and two enteropathogenic species, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica. A shift in growth temperature induced changes in the number and type of acyl groups on the lipid A of all three species. After growth at 37 degrees C, Y. pestis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contained the tetra-acylated lipid IV(A) and smaller amounts of lipid IV(A) modified with C10 or C12 acyl groups, Y. pseudotuberculosis contained the same forms as part of a more heterogeneous population in which lipid IV(A) modified with C16:0 predominated, and Y. enterocolitica produced a unique tetra-acylated lipid A. When grown at 21 degrees C, however, the three yersiniae synthesized LPS containing predominantly hexa-acylated lipid A. This more complex lipid A stimulated human monocytes to secrete tumour necrosis factor-alpha, whereas the lipid A synthesized by the three species at 37 degrees C did not. The Y. pestis phoP gene was required for aminoarabinose modification of lipid A, but not for the temperature-dependent acylation changes. The results suggest that the production of a less immunostimulatory form of LPS upon entry into the mammalian host is a conserved pathogenesis mechanism in the genus Yersinia, and that species-specific lipid A forms may be important for life cycle and pathogenicity differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rebeil
- Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 S. 4th St., Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
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20
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Abstract
This review summarizes the state of knowledge on the composition and structure of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from three species of Yersinia known to produce disease in humans: Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. enterocolitica and Y. pestis. We also mention recent data on the genome sequence of Yersinia pestis and the role of LPS in relation to the virulence of this bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Bruneteau
- Laboratoire d'écologie microbienne du sol, UMR-CNRS 5557, université Claude-Bernard, Lyon 1, bâtiment 741, 43, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
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21
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Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) are important targets for the treatment of insulin resistance in patients with type II diabetes and as antibacterial agents. As a result, there is a growing interest in the development of potent and specific inhibitors for these enzymes. This paper describes a series of inhibitors that contain two or three alpha-ketocarboxylic acid groups that are designed to form multiple contacts with residues inside or near the active site of phosphatases. The inhibitors have been assayed against three PTPases: the Yersinia PTPase, PTP1B, and LAR. The best of the inhibitors has IC(50) values against the Yersinia PTPase and PTP1B of 0.7 and 2.7 microM, respectively. These divalent and trivalent compounds are significantly more potent than their corresponding monovalent analogues. In addition, they show good selectivity for PTP1B and the Yersinia PTPase as compared to LAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ting Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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22
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Tengel T, Sethson I, Francis MS. Conformational analysis by CD and NMR spectroscopy of a peptide encompassing the amphipathic domain of YopD from Yersinia. Eur J Biochem 2002; 269:3659-68. [PMID: 12153562 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To establish an infection, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis utilizes a plasmid-encoded type III secretion machine that permits the translocation of several anti-host factors into the cytosol of target eukaryotic cells. Secreted YopD is essential for this process. Pre-secretory stabilization of YopD is mediated by an interaction with its cognate chaperone, LcrH. YopD possesses LcrH binding domains located in the N-terminus and in a predicted amphipathic domain located near the C-terminus. This latter domain is also critical for Yersinia virulence. In this study, we designed synthetic peptides encompassing the C-terminal amphipathic domain of YopD. A solution structure of YopD278-300, a peptide that strongly interacted with LcrH, was obtained by NMR methods. The structure is composed of a well-defined amphipathic alpha helix ranging from Phe280 to Tyr291, followed by a type I beta turn between residues Val292 and His295. The C-terminal truncated peptides, YopD278-292 and YopD271-292, lacked helical structure, implicating the beta turn in helix stability. An interaction between YopD278-300 and its cognate chaperone, LcrH, was observed by NMR through line-broadening effects and chemical shift differences between the free peptide and the peptide-LcrH complex. These effects were not observed for the unstructured peptide, YopD278-292, which confirms that the alpha helical structure of the YopD amphipathic domain is a critical binding region of LcrH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Tengel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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23
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Nummelin H, El Tahir Y, Ollikka P, Skurnik M, Goldman A. Expression, purification and crystallization of a collagen-binding fragment of Yersinia adhesin YadA. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2002; 58:1042-4. [PMID: 12037311 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444902005231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2002] [Accepted: 03/21/2002] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant form of a collagen-binding fragment of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3 adhesin YadA with an N-terminal polyhistidine affinity tag has been produced in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion technique. Crystals belong to the trigonal space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 67.05, c = 221.95 A, and diffract to 1.55 A resolution on a synchrotron-radiation source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Nummelin
- Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PO Box 65, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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24
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Smith CL, Khandelwal P, Keliikuli K, Zuiderweg ER, Saper MA. Structure of the type III secretion and substrate-binding domain of Yersinia YopH phosphatase. Mol Microbiol 2001; 42:967-79. [PMID: 11737640 DOI: 10.1046/j.0950-382x.2001.02711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic strains of Yersinia deploy a type III secretion system to inject the potent tyrosine phosphatase YopH into host cells, where it dephosphorylates focal adhesion-associated substrates. The amino-terminal, non-catalytic domain of YopH is bifunctional; it is essential for the secretion and binding of the specific chaperone SycH, but also targets the catalytic domain to substrates in the infected cell. We describe the 2.2 A resolution crystal structure of residues 1-129 of YopH from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. The amino-terminal alpha-helix (2-17), comprising the secretion signal, and beta-strand (24-28) of one molecule exchange with another molecule to form a domain-swapped dimer. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel filtration experiments demonstrated that YopH(1-129) could exist as a monomer and/or a dimer in solution. The topology of the dimer and the dynamics of a monomeric form in solution observed by NMR imply that YopH has the propensity to unfold partially. The dimer is probably not important physiologically, but may mimic how SycH binds to the exposed non-polar surfaces of a partially unfolded YopH. Phosphopeptide-induced perturbations in NMR chemical shifts define a substrate-binding surface on YopH(1-129) that includes residues previously shown by mutagenesis to be essential for YopH function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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25
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Werner E, Kheradmand F, Isberg RR, Werb Z. Phagocytosis mediated by Yersinia invasin induces collagenase-1 expression in rabbit synovial fibroblasts through a proinflammatory cascade. J Cell Sci 2001; 114:3333-43. [PMID: 11591821 PMCID: PMC2788993 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114.18.3333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that the interaction of the Yersinia surface protein, invasin, with rabbit synovial fibroblasts mediates bead phagocytosis and induces expression of interleukin 1α (IL-1α), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and MMP-1/collagenase-1 (CL-1). Presentation of invasin as a ligand on the surface of 4.5 μm beads induced phagocytosis and increased CL-1 expression 20-fold after 24 hours. By contrast, presentation of invasin as a spreading substrate did not induce CL-1 expression. CL-1 induction following phagocytosis of invasin-coated beads was mediated by a mechanism dependent on high-affinity binding to β1 integrins and the function of the small GTPase RhoA. Expression of a function-perturbing mutant, RhoAN19, abrogated bead-induced CL-1 expression. RhoA activation coupled bead phagocytosis with signal transduction because expression of constitutively active mutant RhoV14 was sufficient to trigger CL-1 expression. The signal-transduction cascade elicited by bead phagocytosis triggered NFκB activation, stimulating a proinflammatory cellular response with transient increases in TNF-α production that peaked at 2 hours and induction of IL-1α that was sustained for at least 10 hours. Inhibition of IL-1α function by blocking antibodies or IL-1 receptor antagonist showed that IL-1α is the autocrine intermediary for subsequent CL-1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Werner
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
| | - Ralph R. Isberg
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0452, USA
- Author for correspondence ()
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26
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Khandelwal P, Keliikuli K, Smit CL, Saper MA, Zuiderweg ER. 1H, 15N and 13C assignments of the N-terminal domain of Yersinia outer protein H in its apo form and in complex with a phosphotyrosine peptide. J Biomol NMR 2001; 21:69-70. [PMID: 11693571 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011971202626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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27
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Abstract
The invasin protein encoded by enteropathogenic Yersinia allows entry of bacteria into intestinal M cells by binding to integrin receptors. In cultured cells, invasin-mediated uptake requires proteins involved in endocytosis and signaling to the cell cytoskeleton. At least four different factors have been demonstrated to play a role in regulating the efficiency of invasin-promoted uptake. These include receptor-ligand affinity, receptor clustering, signaling through focal adhesion kinase, and stimulation of cytoskeletal rearrangements by small GTP binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Isberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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28
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Pellecchia M, Vander Kooi CW, Keliikuli K, Zuiderweg ER. Magnetization transfer via residual dipolar couplings: application to proton-proton correlations in partially aligned proteins. J Magn Reson 2000; 143:435-439. [PMID: 10729274 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2000.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel three-dimensional NMR experiment is reported that allows the observation of correlations between amide and other protons via residual dipolar couplings in partially oriented proteins. The experiment is designed to permit quantitative measurement of the magnitude of proton-proton residual dipolar couplings in larger molecules and at higher degree of alignments. The observed couplings contain data valuable for protein resonance assignment, local protein structure refinement, and determination of low-resolution protein folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pellecchia
- Biophysics Research Division, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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29
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Bengoechea JA, Brandenburg K, Seydel U, Díaz R, Moriyón I. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis show increased outer membrane permeability to hydrophobic agents which correlates with lipopolysaccharide acyl-chain fluidity. Microbiology (Reading) 1998; 144 ( Pt 6):1517-1526. [PMID: 9639922 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-144-6-1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The hydrophobic probe N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine accumulated less in non-pathogenic Yersinia spp. and non-pathogenic and pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica than in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis or Yersinia pestis. This was largely due to differences in the activity of efflux systems, but also to differences in outer membrane permeability because uptake of the probe in KCN/arsenate-poisoned cells was slower in the former group than in Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis. The probe accumulation rate was higher in Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis grown at 37 degrees C than at 26 degrees C and was always highest in Y. pestis. These yersiniae had LPSs with shorter polysaccharides than Y. enterocolitica, particularly when grown at 37 degrees C. Gel<-->liquid-crystalline phase transitions (Tc 28-31 degrees C) were observed in LPS aggregates of Y. enterocolitica grown at 26 and 37 degrees C, with no differences between non-pathogenic and pathogenic strains. Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis LPSs showed no phase transitions and, although the fluidity of LPSs of Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica grown at 26 degrees C were close below the Tc of the latter, they were always in a more fluid state than Y. enterocolitica LPS. Comparison with previous studies of Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis serotype minnesota rough LPS showed that the increased fluidity and absence of transition of Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis LPSs cannot be explained by their shorter polysaccharides and suggested differences at the lipid A/core level. It is proposed that differences in LPS-LPS interactions and efflux activity explain the above observations and reflect the adaptation of Yersinia spp. to different habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Antonio Bengoechea
- Forschungzentrum Borstel, Division of Biophysics, Borstel, Germany
- Departamento de Microbiologfa, Universidad de Navarra, Aptdo. 177, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ulrich Seydel
- Forschungzentrum Borstel, Division of Biophysics, Borstel, Germany
| | - Ramón Díaz
- Departamento de Microbiologfa, Universidad de Navarra, Aptdo. 177, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moriyón
- Departamento de Microbiologfa, Universidad de Navarra, Aptdo. 177, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
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30
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van der Helm D. The physical chemistry of bacterial outer-membrane siderophore receptor proteins. Met Ions Biol Syst 1998; 35:355-401. [PMID: 9444764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D van der Helm
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman 73019, USA
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31
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Ugrinovic S, Mertz A, Wu P, Braun J, Sieper J. A single nonamer from the Yersinia 60-kDa heat shock protein is the target of HLA-B27-restricted CTL response in Yersinia-induced reactive arthritis. J Immunol 1997; 159:5715-23. [PMID: 9548516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The reason for the high association of HLA-B27 with diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis is not clear. In reactive arthritis, the triggering bacteria are known, thus allowing investigation of their interaction with HLA-B27. CTL lines derived from five patients with Yersinia-induced reactive arthritis were raised by repeated stimulation in vitro with either Yersinia-infected autologous macrophages (four patients) or pooled peptides (three patients) having the HLA-B27-binding motif. The peptides were derived from five Yersinia proteins and from the chlamydial 57-kDa heat shock protein (hsp). Cytotoxicity of T cell lines was then tested against these peptides. Lytic activity was obtained with T cells stimulated with viable Yersinia or pooled peptides. Targets successfully used for lysis were cells pulsed with peptides from the Yersinia 60-kDa hsp, but not cells pulsed with peptides from other Yersinia proteins or the chlamydial hsp. T cell lines raised with 60-kDa peptides also lysed targets infected with Yersinia. Most interestingly, all three CTL lines tested (one raised with Yersinia; two with pool of peptides) recognized only one single peptide (321-329) of seven tested from the Yersinia hsp60. Cytotoxicity occurred only when target cells were matched for HLA-B27. This identification of an immunogenic peptide derived from an arthritogenic bacterium and presented by HLA-B27 opens the way for future investigation of the role of T cells specific for this peptide or cross-reacting peptides, in the immunopathology of HLA-B27-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ugrinovic
- Department of Medicine, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Free University, Berlin, Germany
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Gorshkova RP, Isakov VV, Nazarenko EL, Shevchenko LS. [Structure of repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide from Yersinia mollaretii strain WS 42/89]. Bioorg Khim 1997; 23:823-5. [PMID: 9490619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The O-specific polysaccharide was isolated from Yersinia mollaretii strain WS 42/89 and characterized. Studies of the partial hydrolysis and methylation products and the 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy data enabled the following structure to be proposed for the repeating unit of the polysaccharide: -->2)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->3)-alpha-D-6dGulp-(1--> The same structure was ascribed to the O-specific polysaccharide from Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O:6.31. The difference between these two O-antigens from various Yersinia species is in the absence of D-glycero-D-manno-heptose residues in the structure of the lipopolysaccharide from Y. mollaretii.
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33
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Abstract
The Yersinia protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPase) contain a single and invariant tryptophan (W354) located at one of the hinge positions of the flexible loop (WpD loop), which is essential for catalysis. The wild-type Yersinia PTPase and an active site mutant in which the esential Cys 403 has been replaced by serine (C403S) have been examined using both time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy and steady-state UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopies. Both enzymes were examined with and without the bound inhibitor arsenate. The UVRR spectra indicate that in solution the ligand-free, wild-type PTPase exists as an equilibrium mixture of two tryptophan rotamer structures with chi2,1 dihedral angles of -4 degrees and -90 degrees. The two rotamers have been attributed to the presence of both "closed" and "open" WpD loop conformers of the ligand-free enzyme. Conversely, the UVRR spectra of the arsenate-ligated, wild-type PTPase and of ligand-free and arsenate-ligated C403S PTPase contain a single W3 band which is correlated to the -4 degrees rotamer of W354, indicating a predominance of the closed WpD loop conformer. The tryptophan fluorescence anisotropy decay measurements of the ligand-bound, wild-type Yersinia PTPase and of both ligation states of the C403S PTPase reveal a single correlation time of 30-48 ns due to the rotational motion of the protein, while the ligand-free, wild-type PTPase is found to have two correlation times of 31 and 3.8 ns. The 3.8 ns correlation time of the ligand-free enzyme is attributed to the hinged movement of the WpD loop which contains W354. These results indicate that under physiological conditions, the nonligated, wild-type Yersinia PTPase alternates between an open WpD loop and a closed loop form with a rate constant of approximately 2.6 x 10(8) s(-1). We conclude that the rate of WpD loop closure of the wild-type Yersinia PTPase is thus independent of the presence of ligand, whereas in the presence of ligand the rate of opening is dramatically reduced resulting in a closed conformation on ligand binding. In contrast, the ligand-free and ligated C403S PTPase remain in the loop closed configuration over the time course of our dynamic measurements. The lack of WpD loop motion in the C403S PTPase is believed to be due to either a loss of repulsive potential between the anionic thiolate and Asp 356 of the WpD loop and/or the formation of a hydrogen bond or water bridged hydrogen bond between Ser 403 and Asp 356.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Juszczak
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Vasiurenko ZP, Ruban NM, Samygin VM. [The composition of the cellular fatty acids in bacteria of the genera Yersinia and Francisella]. Mikrobiol Z 1997; 59:24-30. [PMID: 9172861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The studied strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (5 st.), Y. enterocolitica (2 st.), Y. intermedia (1 st.), Y. frederiksenii (1 st.), Y. kristensenii (1 st.) and Y. ruckeri (1 st.) have similar fatty acid profiles of cells mainly represented by straight chain and cyclopropanic fatty acids with chain of 12 to 19 carbon atoms. Prevalence of C16:1, C16:0, C17v, in the spectrum and C18:1 under growth in meat-peptone broth are observed. Strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis as well as the already studied vaccine strain Y. pestis differ from yersiniae of other species by the lower level of dodecanoic acid. Bacteria of species Francisella tularensis (6 st.) are characterized by a wide range of straight-chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with 10-26 carbon atoms. Yersiniae and francisellae preserve the proper fatty acid profiles under cultivation on various nutrient media and on the same medium (agarized medium with aminopeptide). Results obtained confirm close relationship of yersiniae of the studied species as well as phylogenetic remoteness and taxonomic isolation of yersiniae and francisellae.
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Bateman KP, Banoub JH, Thibault P. Probing the microheterogeneity of O-specific chains from Yersinia ruckeri using capillary zone electrophoresis/electrospray mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 1996; 17:1818-28. [PMID: 9034762 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150171205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of underivatized oligosaccharides arising from mild acid hydrolysis of endotoxins from Yersinia ruckeri serotype O2 was achieved using on-line capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry (CZE-ESMS). This technique provided unparalleled resolution of the different glycans obtained from purified fractions of the native endotoxins or from hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharides from Y. ruckeri. Electrophoretic conditions enabling the separation of anionic and cationic analytes were developed to determine possible sites of heterogeneity on either the core or the O-chain glycans. Structural characterization of underivatized oligosaccharides identified in the ion electropherograms was achieved using tandem mass spectrometry under low-collision energy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Bateman
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Guilvout I, Carniel E, Pugsley AP. Yersinia spp. HMWP2, a cytosolic protein with a cryptic internal signal sequence which can promote alkaline phosphatase export. J Bacteriol 1995; 177:1780-7. [PMID: 7896701 PMCID: PMC176806 DOI: 10.1128/jb.177.7.1780-1787.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The iron starvation-induced, 2,042-amino-acid protein HMWP2 of Yersinia enterocolitica has two internal hydrophobic segments which might promote its export and association with the cytoplasmic membrane. To determine whether part of HMWP2 could be exported beyond the periplasmic face of the cytoplasmic membrane, we used TnphoA mutagenesis to construct 10 hybrid proteins in which periplasmic alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) was fused to the end of C-terminally truncated HMWP1 (at amino acid positions 1751 and 1753 two independent isolates]) had high alkaline phosphate activity (close to that of the native enzyme), both in Escherichia coli and in Y. pseudotuberculosis, indicating that the PhoA segment of the hybrid reached the periplasm. Deletion studies showed that the export signal resides in the second hydrophobic segment of HMWP2. This result would be compatible with the topology of the protein in the cytoplasmic membrane predicted from the distribution of charged amino acids at either end of the two hydrophobic segments. However, two hybrids in which the junction was even further toward the C terminus of HMMWP2 (at positions 1793 and 1999) had only weak alkaline phosphatase activity, suggesting that the predicted topology is incorrect. The location of HMWP2 was therefore determined by subcellular fractionation. The results indicate that HMPW2 is mainly cytoplasmic, consistent with its presumed role in the ATP-dependent, nonribosomal synthesis of an unknown peptide. We propose that the high alkaline phosphatase activity associated with some of the HMWP-2-PhoA hybrids results from the unmasking of the cryptic export signal activity in the second hydrophobic segment of HMPW2.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Guilvout
- Unité de Bactériologie Moléculaire et Médicale, Institut Pasteur, Paris France
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Gorshkova RP, Isakov VV, Zubkov VA, Ovodov IS. [Structure of O-specific polysaccharide chains of the Yersinia bercoviery O:10 lipopolysaccharide]. Bioorg Khim 1994; 20:1231-5. [PMID: 7533492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
O-specific polysaccharide composed of D-rhamnose and 3,6-dideoxy-4-C-(L- glycero-1-hydroxyethyl)-D-xylo-hexopyranose (yersiniose A) residues was obtained on mild acid degradation of the Yersinia bercovieri lipopolysaccharide. On the basis of 1H- and 13C-NMR data, methylation studies and Smith degradation, the following structure was suggested for the polysaccharide repeating unit: [formula: see text]
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Abstract
The O antigen obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia ruckeri serotype 01, by mild acid hydrolysis, is composed of a branched tetrasaccharide repeating unit containing 2-acetamidino-2,6-dideoxy-L-galactose (L-FucAm), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (D-GlcNAc), and 7-acetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-5-(4-hydroxybutyramido)-D-glycero-L -galacto- nonulosonic acid (L-Sug). Partial hydrolysis of the O antigen with 0.1 M HClafforded a trisaccharide and a tetrasaccharide having nonulosonic acid at their reducing ends. Cleavage of the O antigen with anhydrous methanolic hydrogen fluoride afforded the methyl glycoside derivatives of a trisaccharide and a tetrasaccharide. 1H and 13C NMR analysis, including 1H-13C heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy to locate the N-acyl substituents, together with mass spectrometric analysis of the above oligosaccharides, allowed the structure of the O-specific polysaccharide to be assigned as: [formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Beynon
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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Zubkov VA, Nazarenko EL, Gorshkova RP, Ovodov IS. [Structure of the Yersinia rohdei O-specific polysaccharide]. Bioorg Khim 1993; 19:729-732. [PMID: 7690568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An O-specific polysaccharide composed of L-rhamnose was obtained on mild acid degradation of the Yersinia rohdei lipopolysaccharide. On the basis of methylation studies and 13C NMR data, the O-specific polysaccharide is shown to be a linear L-rhamnan built up of trisaccharide repeating units of the following structure: -->3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-beta-L-Rh ap-(1--> The structure was confirmed by calculations with the use of the known glycosylation effect on 13C chemical shifts.
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Gorshkova RP, Isakov VV, Nazarenko EL, Ovodov YS, Guryanova SV, Dmitriev BA. Structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from Yersinia kristensenii O:25.35. Carbohydr Res 1993; 241:201-8. [PMID: 7682474 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(93)80106-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mild hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Yersinia kristensenii serovar O:25.35 with acid afforded the O-specific polysaccharide (PS) which contained D-glucose, D-galactose, 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-L-galactose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, glycerol, and phosphate in the ratios 3:1:1:1:1. On the basis of 31P and 13C NMR spectroscopy, hydrolysis, methylation studies, Smith degradation, and dephosphorylation, the repeating unit of PS was shown to have the following structure. [formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Gorshkova
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok
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Parent JB, Gazzano-Santoro H, Wood DM, Lim E, Pruyne PT, Trown PW, Conlon PJ. Reactivity of monoclonal antibody E5 with endotoxin. II. Binding to short- and long-chain smooth lipopolysaccharides. Circ Shock 1992; 38:63-73. [PMID: 1382882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The murine monoclonal IgM antibody E5 has been shown to significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity of patients with Gram-negative sepsis in a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. The in vitro binding characteristics of monoclonal antibody (mAb) E5 were studied using highly purified smooth lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from a variety of clinically relevant, wild-type Gram-negative bacteria. Using a sensitive antibody-capture assay which involves immobilized mAb E5 and a chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) LPS-detection system, mAb E5 was shown to bind to all 15 smooth LPS preparations tested, including LPS isolated from Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Serratia and Yersinia species. When LPS was fractionated according to size by size-exclusion chromatography, mAb E5 was shown to bind to smooth LPS molecules that have long as well as short O-polysaccharide chains. These results confirm and extend those reported previously and demonstrate that the anti-lipid A mAb E5 binds specifically to a diverse spectrum of smooth LPS isolated from wild-type Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Parent
- Department of Preclinical Science, XOMA Corporation, Berkeley, California 94710
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42
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L'vov VL, Gur'yanova SV, Rodionov AV, Gorshkova RP. Structure of the repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia kristensenii strain 490 (O:12,25). Carbohydr Res 1992; 228:415-22. [PMID: 1525785 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(92)84134-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The O-specific polysaccharide isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of Y. kristensenii strain 490 (O:12,25) contained D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose, 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-L-galactose, glycerol, and phosphate in the ratios 2:2:1:1:1:1. On the basis of 31P- and 13C-n.m.r. data, methylation analysis, dephosphorylation, solvolysis with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, and Smith degradation, it was concluded that the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was a branched hexaosylglycerol phosphate with the following structure. [formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- V L L'vov
- Institute of Immunology, Ministry of Health of the U.S.S.R., Moscow
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43
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Abstract
Classically bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) purification and silver staining take several days. We designed a simple and fast method for LPS isolation which when combined with silver staining using Pharmacia PhastSystem both can be completed in few hours. The purity of LPS isolated by this simple method may not be comparable to that by the phenol-water method hence we recommend this rapid isolation and staining procedures for simple and fast study of LPS patterns in gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A al-Hendy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Turku University, Finland
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