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Deepakvijay K, Prakasam A. Exploring the effects of mono-bromination on hole-electron transport and distribution in dibenzofuran and dibenzothiophene isomers: a first-principles study. J Mol Model 2024; 30:171. [PMID: 38761303 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT This study delves into hole-electron transport and distribution properties inherent in mono-brominated dibenzofuran (DBF) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) isomers. As determined by frontier molecular orbitals, all brominated structures have narrower bandgaps than their primary structures. The TD-DFT calculation showed that 2BDBT had the highest absorption wavelength of all molecules at 315.35 nm. Notably, the study unveils remarkably low electron and hole reorganization energies due to bromine substitution in DBF and DBT molecules. Specifically, the 4BDBF has the lowest hole reorganization energy of all DBF configurations, 0.229 eV. In addition, 3BDBF has 0.226 eV less electron reorganization energy than all other molecules. Compared to DBT, 3BDBT has the lowest electron reorganization energy of 0.254 eV. Overall, this research sheds significant light on the fundamental electronic and hole transport characteristics of bromine-substituted DBF and DBT isomers, highlighting their promising role in polymer design as donors/acceptors for advanced organic electronic applications. METHODS Molecular structures were optimized using Density Functional Theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-311 + + G (d, p) level of theory, and the study further elucidates these molecules' energy levels and absorption spectra through Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory TD-DFT; these calculations were performed using Gaussian 09W software package. The key parameters such as reorganization energies, Electron Localization Function map, Laplacian Bond Order, and NCI-RDG were meticulously examined for the molecules with the results of DFT calculations were analyzed and displayed by utilizing the software packages VMD 1.9.4 and Multiwfn 3.8, aiming to comprehend their charge transport and distribution properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Deepakvijay
- Computational & Theoretical Physics Laboratory, PG & Research Department of Physics, Thiruvalluvar Govt. Arts College, Rasipuram, 637408, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - A Prakasam
- Computational & Theoretical Physics Laboratory, PG & Research Department of Physics, Thiruvalluvar Govt. Arts College, Rasipuram, 637408, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rajeswari G, Prabavathi N, Tamizhdurai P, Prakasam A, Kumar G. Enhancement of the structure, solar cells and vibrational studies of undoped CuCr2O4 and La-doped CuCr2O4 semiconductor compounds. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09233. [PMID: 35392397 PMCID: PMC8980336 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, we report the successful synthesis of spinel-type of CuCr2O4 and La doped CuCr2O4 semiconductor nanoparticles by a microwave method. Starting with the precursor complex, this technique includes the creation of homogenous solid intermediates, which reduces atomic diffusion pathways during the microwave process. CuCr2O4 and La doped CuCr2O4 were characterized by the following analytical methods for instance X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results demonstrated that modifying the precursor had a significant impact on the size, solar cell size, as well as reaction period of synthesizing CuCr2O4 and La doped CuCr2O4. The impacts of precursors on the morphological and structural characteristics of CuCr2O4 and La doped CuCr2O4 were examined for the first time in this publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Rajeswari
- Department of Physics, Sri Sarada College for Women (Autonomous), Salem, 636016, India
| | - N. Prabavathi
- Department of Physics, Sri Sarada College for Women (Autonomous), Salem, 636016, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - P. Tamizhdurai
- Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College (Autonomous), E.V.R. Periyar Road, Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 106, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - A. Prakasam
- Department of Physics, Thiruvalluvar Government Arts College, Rasipuram, Tamil Nadu, 637401, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - G. Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency College (autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 005, India
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Raja G, Nallathambi A, Prakasam A, Gopinath S, Ragupathi C, Narayanan S, Tamizhdurai P, Kumaran R, Alsaiari NS, Abualnaja KM, Ouladsmane M. Effect of lattice strain on structure, morphology, electrical conductivity and magneto-optical and catalytic properties of Ni-doped Mn3O4 nano-crystallites synthesized by microwave route. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Arivazhagan R, Sridevi C, Prakasam A. Quantum computational, spectroscopic and molecular docking studies of potent tuberculosis drug 2,6-dihydroxypyridine-4-carboxylic acid and 2‑hydroxy -6-methylpyridine-4-carboxylic acid. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Padmanathan S, Prakasam A. Incorporation of Carbon Dots on the ZnO Nanosheets as Metal–Organic Framework Photoanodes for High Efficient Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Applications. J CLUST SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gomathi M, Prakasam A, Rajkumar P, Rajeshkumar S, Chandrasekaran R, Anbarasan P. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract and evaluation of its antibacterial activity. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Indhumathy M, Prakasam A. Controllable Synthesis of NiS/rGO Hybrid Composite: An Excellent Counter Electrode for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01620-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gomathi M, Prakasam A, Rajkumar PV. Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Using Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Leaf Extract. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Sumathi M, Prakasam A, Anbarasan PM. Fabrication of Hexagonal Disc Shaped Nanoparticles g-C3N4/NiO Heterostructured Nanocomposites for Efficient Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gomathi M, Rajkumar P, Prakasam A, Ravichandran K. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Datura stramonium leaf extract and assessment of their antibacterial activity. Resource-Efficient Technologies 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reffit.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rajkumar PV, Prakasam A, Madheswaran G, Ravichadran R. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Datura stramonium leaf extract and assessment of their antibacterial activity. REFFIT 2017. [DOI: 10.18799/24056529/2017/3/133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles of 15–20 nm size with spherical shape were synthesized from green synthesis method using Datura stramonium leaf extract. Synthesized Ag NPs were studied for their optical, struc- tural, surface morphological and antibacterial properties. The optical study shows that the appearance of SPR peak at 4 4 4 nm in the absorption spectrum is affirming the formation of Ag NPs and its high inten- sity with narrowed width indicating the homogenous size and shape of the Ag NPs. Structural studies reveal the good crystalline nature of face center cubic structure of Ag crystal and preferentially oriented along (111) plane with average crystallite size of 18 nm. FTIR analysis exhibits the possible reducing bio- molecules within the leaf extract. The well defined homogenous spherical shape of the Ag NPs is clearly observed from the TEM studies and lattice fringes spacing of 0.23 nm shows the high crystalline nature of the synthesized Ag NPs. EDAX profile affirms the Ag crystal by the presence of energy peak at 3 eV. The synthesized Ag NPs showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. However, well pronounced activity was observed against E. coli .
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Prakasam A, Ghose S, Oleinik NV, Bethard JR, Peterson YK, Krupenko NI, Krupenko SA. JNK1/2 regulate Bid by direct phosphorylation at Thr59 in response to ALDH1L1. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1358. [PMID: 25077544 PMCID: PMC4123105 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (Bid) is a BH3-only pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. Its function in apoptosis is associated with the proteolytic cleavage to the truncated form tBid, mainly by caspase-8. tBid translocates to mitochondria and assists Bax and Bak in induction of apoptosis. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent alternative processing of Bid to jBid was also reported. We have previously shown that the folate stress enzyme 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ALDH1L1) activates JNK1 and JNK2 in cancer cells as a pro-apoptotic response. Here we report that in PC-3 prostate cancer cells, JNK1/2 phosphorylate Bid at Thr59 within the caspase cleavage site in response to ALDH1L1. In vitro, all three JNK isoforms, JNK 1–3, phosphorylated Thr59 of Bid with JNK1 being the least active. Thr59 phosphorylation protected Bid from cleavage by caspase-8, resulting in strong accumulation of the full-length protein and its translocation to mitochondria. Interestingly, although we did not observe jBid in response to ALDH1L1 in PC-3 cells, transient expression of Bid mutants lacking the caspase-8 cleavage site resulted in strong accumulation of jBid. Of note, a T59D mutant mimicking constitutive phosphorylation revealed more profound cleavage of Bid to jBid. JNK-driven Bid accumulation had a pro-apoptotic effect in our study: small interfering RNA silencing of either JNK1/2 or Bid prevented Bid phosphorylation and accumulation, and rescued ALDH1L1-expressing cells. As full-length Bid is a weaker apoptogen than tBid, we propose that the phosphorylation of Bid by JNKs, followed by the accumulation of the full-length protein, delays attainment of apoptosis, and allows the cell to evaluate the stress and make a decision regarding the response strategy. This mechanism perhaps can be modified by the alternative cleavage of phospho-T59 Bid to jBid at some conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S Ghose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - N V Oleinik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J R Bethard
- Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Y K Peterson
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - N I Krupenko
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA [2] Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S A Krupenko
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA [2] Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Abstract
Investigation of the I-V characteristics of the DSSC based on interconnected with cobalt-doped SnO2 nanoparticles covered with a nano-scale thin layer which was absorbed by natural dyes are described. The presence of co-doped SnO2 has been confirmed by its characteristic XRD pattern and the shape of the particle is confirmed by SEM. The thickness of the protective layer can be conveniently controlled by the mole value of co-doped SnO2 used in the preparation of the thin film and the optimum conditions for best performance of the DSSC are presented together with possible explanation for the variations observed. An optimum light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 0.37 % in the presence of a layer of co-doped SnO2 has been obtained which enhancement over the cell prepared with other natural dyes. The characterization of the sample using different techniques was explained (change the sentence).
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Geetha M, Senthil Kumar P, Vasudevan K, Prakasam A, Meenakshi G, Anbarasan P. Molecular modeling of 3,4-pyridinedicarbonitrile dye sensitizer for solar cells using quantum chemical calculations. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kumar PS, Vasudevan K, Prakasam A, Geetha M, Anbarasan PM. Quantum chemistry calculations of 3-Phenoxyphthalonitrile dye sensitizer for solar cells. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2010; 77:45-50. [PMID: 20537937 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The geometries, electronic structures, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities of organic dye sensitizer 3-Phenoxyphthalonitrile were studied based on Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) using the hybrid functional B3LYP. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrum was investigated by time dependent DFT (TD-DFT). Features of the electronic absorption spectrum in the visible and near-UV regions were assigned based on TD-DFT calculations. The absorption bands are assigned to pi-->pi* transitions. Calculated results suggest that the three excited states with the lowest excited energies in 3-Phenoxyphthalonitrile is due to photoinduced electron transfer processes. The interfacial electron transfer between semiconductor TiO(2) electrode and dye sensitizer 3-Phenoxyphthalonitrile is due to an electron injection process from excited dye to the semiconductor's conduction band. The role of phenoxy group in 3-Phenoxyphthalonitrile in geometries, electronic structures, and spectral properties were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamilnadu, India
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Abstract
This work describes quantitative force and bead aggregation measurements of the adhesion and binding mechanisms of canine E-cadherin mutants W2A, D134A, D103A, D216A, D325A, and D436A. The W2A mutation affects the formation of the N-terminal strand dimer, and the remaining mutations target calcium binding sites at the interdomain junctions. Surface force measurements show that the full ectodomain of canine E-cadherin forms two bound states that span two intermembrane gap distances. The outer bond coincides with adhesion between the N-terminal extracellular domains (EC1) and the inner bond corresponds to adhesion via extracellular domain 3 (EC3). The W2A, D103A, D134A, and D216A mutations all eliminated adhesion between the N-terminal domains, and they attenuated or nearly eliminated the inner bond. The W2A mutant, which does not destabilize the protein structure, attenuates binding via EC3, which is separated from the mutation by several hundred amino acids. This long-range effect suggests that the presence or absence of tryptophan-2 docking allosterically alters the adhesive function of distal sites on the protein. This finding appears to reconcile the multidomain binding mechanism with mutagenesis studies, which suggested that W2 is the sole binding interface. The effects of the calcium site mutations indicate that structural perturbations cooperatively impact large regions of the protein structure. However, the influence of the calcium sites on cadherin structure and function depends on their location in the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Abstract
Piper betle, an indigenous medicinal plant, has a folk (Siddha and Ayurvedha) reputation in the rural southern India. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of P. betle on glucose metabolism since it is consumed as betel-quid after meals. Plasma levels of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and activities of liver hexokinase and gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in control and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats were assayed. Oral administration of leaf suspension of P. betle (75 and 150 mg/kg of body weight) for 30 days resulted in significant reduction in blood glucose (from 205.00 +/- 10.80 mg/dL to 151.30 +/- 6.53 mg/dL) and glycosylated hemoglobin and decreased activities of liver glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, while liver hexokinase increased (P < .05), in STZ diabetic rats when compared with untreated diabetic rats. P. betle at a dose of 75 mg/kg of body weight exhibited better sugar reduction than 150 mg/kg of body weight. In addition, protection against body weight loss of diabetic animals was also observed. The effects produced by P. betle were compared with the standard drug glibenclamide. Thus, the present study clearly shows that P. betle intake influences glucose metabolism beneficially.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Santhakumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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Prakasam A, Sethupathy S, Pugalendi KV. Modulating role of 'Saptarangi' (Casearia esculenta) on membrane bound ATPase in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Pharmazie 2005; 60:874-7. [PMID: 16320953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the activities of adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+ATPase, Mg2+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase and Total ATPase) in erythrocyte, liver, kidney and cardiac tissues of control and Casearia esculenta treated streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. The activity of Na+/K+ATPase plays a central role in the regulation of intra and extra cellular homeostasis and alteration of this transport system is thought to be linked to several complications of diabetes mellitus. An Mg2+ dependent ATPase activity is responsible for controlling the energy requiring process in cells whereas Ca2+ATPase is responsible for the signal transduction pathways and membrane fluidity. Activities of these enzymes were significantly altered (p < 0.05) in STZ diabetic rats. Oral administration of C. esculenta root extract for a period of 45 days resulted in significant (p < 0.05) reversal of these enzymes' activities to near normal. Thus the results suggest that C. esculenta protects the membrane integrity and functional status in STZ diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
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Prakasam A, Sethupathy S, Pugalendi KV. Influence of Casearia esculenta root extract on glycoprotein components in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Pharmazie 2005; 60:229-32. [PMID: 15801680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the role of the indigenous antidiabetic medicinal plant Casearia esculenta on glycoprotein components in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in plasma, liver, kidney and cardiac tissues. Streptozotocin injection (50 mg/kg body weight) caused massive elevation of glycoprotein components such as hexose, hexosamine, sialic acid and fucose in plasma and tissues of diabetic control and experimental animals. Oral administration of C. esculenta root extract (200 and 300 mg/kg body weight) for 45 days significantly reverted the hexose, hexosamine, sialic acid and fucose levels to near normal values. These results suggest a normalizing effect of C. esculenta on glycoprotein components in STZ diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
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Prakasam A, Sethupathy S, Pugalendi KV. Antiperoxidative and antioxidant effects of Casearia esculenta root extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Yale J Biol Med 2005; 78:15-23. [PMID: 16197726 PMCID: PMC2259135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is currently suggested to play as a pathogenesis in the development of diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Casearia esculenta root extract on oxidative stress-related parameters in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats. Antidiabetic treatment with C. esculenta root extract (45 days) significantly (p < .05) decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and remarkably improved tissue antioxidants status such as glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) in liver and kidney of STZ-diabetic rats. In diabetics rats, the activities of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.11.1.1) catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) were decreased significantly while the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx, EC 1.11.1.9) decreased in the liver and increased in the kidney. The treatment of diabetic rats with C. esculenta root extract over a 45-day period returned these levels close to normal. These results suggest that C. esculenta root extracts exhibit antiperoxidative as well as antioxidant effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
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Prakasam A, Sethupathy S, Pugalendi KV. Influence of Casearia esculenta root extract on protein metabolism and marker enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pol J Pharmacol 2004; 56:587-93. [PMID: 15591647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Revised: 06/30/2004] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the possible protective effects of Casearia esculenta root extract on certain biochemical markers in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. STZ treatment (50 mg/kg, ip) caused a hyperglycemic state, that led to various physiological and biochemical alterations. Blood levels of glucose, urea, uric acid and creatinine, plasma levels of albumin and albumin/globulin ratio and the activities of diagnostic marker enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) in plasma, liver and kidney were markedly altered in STZ diabetic rats. Oral administration of C. esculenta (200 and 300 mg/kg) for 45 days restored all these biochemical parameters to near normal levels. Thus, the present results have shown that C. esculenta root extract has the antihyperglycemic effect and consequently may alleviate liver and renal damage associated with STZ-induced diabetes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Prakasam A, Sethupathy S, Pugalendi KV. Erythrocyte redox status in streptozotocin diabetic rats: effect of Casearia esculenta root extract. Pharmazie 2003; 58:920-4. [PMID: 14703974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of Casearia esculenta root extract on erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and to assess the status of antioxidants in red blood cells of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. The study showed a significant elevation (p < 0.05) of erythrocyte thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), an index of lipid peroxidation and significant reduction (p < 0.05) in reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the STZ diabetic rats. The study also observed significant reduction in membrane cholesterol and phospholipid content in STZ diabetic rats. By oral administration of C. esculenta (200 and 300 mg/kg body wt.) for 45 days to the diabetic rats these values approached almost normal levels. A dose of 300 mg/kg body weight C. esculenta extract showed better antioxidant effects than 200 mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
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Prakasam A, Sethupathy S, Pugalendi KV. Hypolipidaemic effect of Casearia esculenta root extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmazie 2003; 58:828-32. [PMID: 14664341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The hypolipidaemic effect of an aqueous extract of Casearia esculenta root, an indigenous antidiabetic medicine popularly used in rural South India was investigated. Administration of the extract of C. esculenta (200 and 300 mg/kg body wt.) for 45 days resulted in significant reduction in serum and tissue cholesterol, phospholipids, free fatty acids and triglycerides in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. In addition to that, significant (p < 0.05) decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) whereas significant increase (p < 0.05) in low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were observed in STZ diabetic rats, which was normalized after 45 days of C. esculenta root extract treatment. The root extract at dose of 300 mg/kg body wt. showed much significant hypolipidaemic effects than the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
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Saravanan R, Prakasam A, Ramesh B, Pugalendi KV. Influence of Piper betle on hepatic marker enzymes and tissue antioxidant status in ethanol-treated Wistar rats. J Med Food 2003; 5:197-204. [PMID: 12639394 DOI: 10.1089/109662002763003348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Piper betle L. is a commonly used masticatory in Asia. This study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of P. betle, using ethanol intoxication as a model of hepatotoxic and oxidative damage. Ethanol-treated rats exhibited elevation of hepatic marker enzymes and disturbances in antioxidant defense when compared with normal rats. Oral administration of P. betle extract (100, 200, or 300 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days significantly (P <.05) decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and lipid hydroperoxides in ethanol treated rats. The extract also improved the tissue antioxidant status by increasing the levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E) and the activities of free radical-detoxifying enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in liver and kidney of ethanol-treated rats. The highest dose of P. betle extract (300 mg/kg body weight) was most effective. The results were comparable with the known hepatoprotective drug, silymarin. These results indicate that P. betle could afford a significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Prakasam A, Sethupathy S, Pugalendi KV. Glycaemic control by Casearia esculenta--a short duration study in albino rats. Pharmazie 2003; 58:49-52. [PMID: 12622253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
An aqueous extract of Casearia esculenta was found to lower blood glucose in basal conditions and after a glucose load in normal rats. Maximum reduction in blood glucose was observed between 2-3 h at a dose level of 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight. C. esculenta extract was also found to reduce the blood sugar level in streptozotocin--induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of the extract significantly reduced the blood sugar in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats for 15 days. The extract was also found to reduce the increased plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), blood urea and improvement in body weight reduction induced by streptozotocin injection. These results indicate that C. esculenta extracts are able to ameliorate biochemical changes induced by streptozotocin in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Rajah Muthiah Medical College & Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ananthi J, Prakasam A, Pugalendi KV. Antihyperglycemic activity of Eclipta alba leaf on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Yale J Biol Med 2003; 76:97-102. [PMID: 15369623 PMCID: PMC2582707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Eclipta alba, an indigenous medicinal plant, has a folk (Siddha and Ayurvedha) reputation in rural southern India as a hypoglycemic agent. In order to confirm this claim, the present study was carried out to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of E. alba and to study the activities of liver hexokinase and gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in the liver of control and alloxan-diabetic rats. Oral administration of leaf suspension of E. alba (2 and 4 g/kg body weight) for 60 days resulted in significant reduction in blood glucose (from 372.0 +/- 33.2 to 117.0 +/- 22.8), glycosylated hemoglobin HbA(1)c, a decrease in the activities of glucose-6 phosphatase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, and an increase in the activity of liver hexokinase. E. alba at dose of 2 g/kg body weight exhibited better sugar reduction than 4 g/kg body weight. Thus, the present study clearly shows that the oral administration of E. alba possess potent antihyperglycemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ananthi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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Prakasam A, Sethupathy S, Pugalendi KV. Antihyperglycaemic effect of Casearia esculenta root extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmazie 2002; 57:758-60. [PMID: 12611280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the antihyperglycaemic effect of Casearia esculenta root extract and to study the activities of liver hexokinase and gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in liver and kidney of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of aqueous extract of root (300 mg/kg body weight) for 45 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose from 250.79 +/- 12.65 to 135.70 +/- 8.90 and in a decrease in the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bishosphatase and an increase in the activity of liver hexokinase. However, in the case of 200 mg/kg body weight of extract, less activity was observed. The study clearly shows that the root extract of C. esculenta possesses potent antihyperglycaemic activity but weaker than that of glibenclamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
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Abstract
A total of forty-one (n=41) male, healthy agricultural sprayers, exposed to pesticides for 5 years, were compared with twenty one (n=21) controls matched for age and economic status with respect to free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status and concentration of cellular enzymes were determined. Significantly increased TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) were observed (P<0.001) in sprayer populations when compared to controls. The concentration of antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH), alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and ceruloplasmin were significantly altered when compared to controls, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were remarkably elevated (P<0.001) in sprayer populations, when compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608-002, India
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